CN114983937A - 一种鱼腥草挥发油自微乳及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种鱼腥草挥发油自微乳及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114983937A CN114983937A CN202210062696.5A CN202210062696A CN114983937A CN 114983937 A CN114983937 A CN 114983937A CN 202210062696 A CN202210062696 A CN 202210062696A CN 114983937 A CN114983937 A CN 114983937A
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Abstract
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种鱼腥草挥发油自微乳及其制备方法与应用,所述自微乳包括:鱼腥草挥发油提取物,混合乳化剂和助乳化剂。所述鱼腥草挥发油提取物中鱼腥草素的质量分数为50%以上。本发明通过从鱼腥草中提取鱼腥草挥发油提取物,将其作为药效和油相部分,并采用混合乳化剂,通过调整混合乳化剂与助乳化剂的质量比,成功构建了鱼腥草挥发油自微乳递送系统,该系统能促进药物淋巴转运,提高生物利用度和口服抗炎活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种鱼腥草挥发油自微乳及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
鱼腥草,作为一种重要的食药两用植物,含有多种活性成分,包括挥发油类、黄酮类、生物碱类、酚类、甾醇类等,而大量研究表明鱼腥草挥发油是主要药效组分,其中鱼腥草素(Houttuynin,Hou)是其挥发油中主要活性成分。但现有的技术中没有针对鱼腥草挥发油的制剂,仅有鱼腥草素单方制剂,又因鱼腥草素化学性质极不稳定、易发生聚合、氧化,早期用于临床治疗的单方制剂均采用钠盐形式,系采用人工合成的鱼腥草素钠(SodiumHouttuyfonate,SH)和新鱼腥草素钠(Sodium new houttuyfonate,SNH),因其口服疗效差,临床上采用注射给药,鱼腥草素钠和新鱼腥草素钠在固体状态下较为稳定,但在水溶液中易水解产生鱼腥草素和新鱼腥草素(New Houttuyfonate,NH),进而发生降解,导致市售产品中Hou或NH含量低,且降解产物极为复杂,难以进行准确的质量控制,此外,Hou或NH的醛基基团,在发挥疗效的同时,也存在较为严重的溶血等毒副作用,导致治疗窗窄,毒性的产生与血药浓度密切相关,大量聚合物等降解产物的产生,进一步加剧了其毒性反应,受此影响,鱼腥草相关注射剂均于2006年停用。
随后,人们又将新鱼腥草素钠和鱼腥草素钠制成常规的片剂、栓剂和微粒包载,但普通片剂的崩解、释放溶解都对生物利用度有直接影响,且鱼腥草素钠溶解性低,导致其口服生物利用度低;而栓剂使用不方便,且作用部位较局限,在治疗身体其他部位炎症时,药效结果不能完全发挥,且不存在缓释释放,血药浓度变化较大,对治疗窗较窄的鱼腥草素类成分而言,加大了其副作用发生的可能;而以微粒载体包裹SNH或SH,期望在增加其安全性的同时提高药效,但是受其理化性质限制,SNH或SH在所有的有机溶剂中都很难溶解,无法进行有效的载体包裹,且其本身易水解稳定性差,在制备和给药过程中质量难以控制。
因此,制备一种适合鱼腥草挥发油的新剂型,成为亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
基于上述缺陷,本发明提供一种鱼腥草挥发油自微乳及其制备方法与应用。
为了实现本发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明的第一方面,提供一种鱼腥草挥发油的自微乳,所述自微乳包括:鱼腥草挥发油提取物,混合乳化剂和助乳化剂。
优选地,所述鱼腥草挥发油提取物中鱼腥草素的质量分数为50%以上,优选为50%-70%。
优选地,鱼腥草挥发油提取物占鱼腥草的质量分数为50%以上。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,鱼腥草挥发油中鱼腥草素的质量分数为50%以上和/或鱼腥草挥发油提取物占鱼腥草的质量分数为50%以上。
优选地,以所述鱼腥草挥发油提取物、混合乳化剂与助乳化剂三者的总质量为100%计,鱼腥草挥发油提取物占比为9.7%-23.8%,混合乳化剂占比为42.1%-70.7%,助乳化剂占比为12.7%-45.2%;优选的,鱼腥草挥发油提取物:混合乳化剂:助乳化剂的质量比为3:10:7。
优选地,所述混合乳化剂选自以下两种或两种以上组合,Kolliphor RH40、Kolliphor EL、吐温80、Labrasol,优选为Labrasol与吐温80组合;
所述助乳化剂选自下述至少一种:PEG400、无水乙醇、丙二醇、正丁醇、Capryol90、甘油和Transcutol HP,优选为Transcutol HP;
所述混合乳化剂中两种物质的质量比为1:0.3-5。优选Labrasol:吐温80为1:1。
优选地,所述自微乳的载药量为90mg/g-240mg/g,优选97mg/g-238mg/g;粒径为10nm-100nm,优选15nm-60nm,更优选17.1nm-52.7nm,进一步优选15-20nm。
在一种实施方式中,所述自微乳的载药量为150mg/g,粒径为17.7nm。
本发明的第二方面,提供所述自微乳的制备方法,包括如下制备步骤:
按比例制备混合乳化剂后,再将鱼腥草挥发油提取物,混合乳化剂和助乳化剂以任意的顺序充分混合。
本发明的第三方面,提供一种药物制剂,包含上述任一项所述的鱼腥草挥发油的自微乳以及任选存在的药学上可接受的辅料;所述制剂的剂型包括:口服制剂、注射制剂、粘膜给药制剂、肺部吸入给药制剂或肠道给药制剂。
本发明的第四个方面,提供上述任一项所述的鱼腥草挥发油自微乳或上述制备的制剂在抗炎疾病中的应用。
或,上述所述的鱼腥草挥发油自微乳或上述制备的制剂在制备治疗炎症相关疾病的药物中的应用。
所述炎症相关疾病选自败血症或炎症;炎症包括乳腺炎;
所述炎症可引起发红、肿胀、疼痛;
优选的,鱼腥草挥发油自微乳治疗败血症时,下调IL-27、IL-17A、MCP-1、TNF-α、IFN-γ5种炎症因子中的任意一种或几种;鱼腥草挥发油自微乳上调抑炎因子IL-10的表达。
治疗乳腺炎时,下调TNF-α、IL-1β表达,上调抑炎因子IL-10表达、降低MPO表达。
本发明的第五个方面,提供上述任一项所述鱼腥草挥发油的提取方法,该提取步骤包括:
S1.新鲜鱼腥草切碎,加入有机溶剂浸泡,再加入抗氧剂,充氮保护,阴暗处放置,得鱼腥草挥发油粗提物;新鲜鱼腥草与有机溶剂的料液比为1:1.5,与抗氧剂的质量比为2×106-5×106:1;抗氧剂优选为二丁基羟基甲苯,所述有机溶剂包括:乙酸乙酯、乙醇、正己烷。
S2.加入醇溶液于鱼腥草挥发油粗提物,过滤,去除沉淀,合并滤液,得鱼腥草挥发油醇沉物;醇溶液优选为无水乙醇,甲醇;
S3.将鱼腥草挥发油醇沉物大孔树脂吸附,梯度洗脱,浓缩,得鱼腥草挥发油提取物;所述大孔树脂洗脱的条件为,用20%-60%的乙醇去除杂质,用61%-95%的乙醇分离,收集分离得到的洗脱液,采用GC实时监测,收集合并GC相应峰面积大于8000的馏分。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤S1中新鲜鱼腥草与抗氧剂的质量比为5×106:1,经过考查,在该比例下,产物中抗氧剂的残余量为1.6/10000,
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤S1中新鲜鱼腥草与抗氧剂的质量比为2×106:1,经过考查,在该比例下,产物中未检测出抗氧剂。
有益效果
(1)本发明通过从鱼腥草中提取含量较高的挥发油提取物,并将其作为药效和油相部分,采用混合乳化剂,通过调整混合乳化剂与助乳化剂的质量比,成功构建了鱼腥草挥发油自微乳递送系统(SME-HEO),该自微乳递送系统的构建,以鱼腥草挥发油提取物自身作为油相,不仅减少了乳化剂及助乳化剂的用量,而且还增加了载药量,从而减小服药量以及表面活性剂对胃肠黏膜的刺激。此外,构建的SME-HEO可以提高药物稳定性,减少药物降解,避免因聚合物产生引发的不良反应;同时口服SME-HEO还可通过促进药物淋巴转运,提高药物生物利用度及抗炎药效,拓宽SME-HEO治疗窗。
(2)本发明将鱼腥草挥发油制成自微乳,提高了鱼腥草挥发油提取物稳定性及生物利用度,增加了鱼腥草挥发油提取物在治疗炎症中的药效及安全性,且具有淋巴靶向递送作用,拓宽了治疗窗,同时对LPS诱导的败血症和急性乳腺炎等具有一定治疗效果。
附图说明
图1为鱼腥草素标准品示意图;
图2为鱼腥草挥发油提取物示意图;
图3为鱼腥草挥发油自微乳伪三元相图;
图4为鱼腥草挥发油自微乳的微观形态图;
图5为鱼腥草挥发油自微乳乳化粒径及分布图,(A)为SME-HEO乳化后粒径(diam)大小及分布;(B)为SME-HEO乳化粒径与稀释倍数关系;
图6为鱼腥草挥发油自微乳的药-时曲线图;
图7中a为耳肿胀度图,b为耳肿胀抑制率图;
图8为各炎症因子抑制率示意图;the level of TNF-α指的是TNF-α的水平,其他纵坐标类似;图8中SME代表SME-HEO;
图9为鱼腥草挥发油及鱼腥草挥发油自微乳对LPS诱导小鼠乳腺组织形态图;
图10为小鼠乳腺组织内炎症因子测定结果图;the level of IL-23指的是IL-23的水平,其他纵坐标类似;
图11为小鼠乳腺组织HE染色结果及评分图(结果mean±SD,n=3.#p<0.05,##p<0.01表示模型组与空白组比;*p<0.05,**p<0.01表示给药组与模型组比);
图12为小鼠乳腺组织中MPO分布表达情况图(结果mean±SD,n=3.#p<0.05,##p<0.01表示模型组与空白组比;*p<0.05,**p<0.01表示给药组与模型组比)。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解,以下将通过具体的实施例及附图,对本发明的一种鱼腥草挥发油自微乳、其提取方法、制备方法、制剂及应用的详细地描述。通过这些示例性说明,本发明的特点和优点将变得更为清楚明确。需要特别指出的是,具体实例和附图仅是为了说明,显然本领域的普通技术人员可以根据本文说明,在本发明的范围内对本发明做出各种各样的修正和改变,这些修正和改变也纳入本发明的范围内。
以下实施例中鱼腥草素简称Hou,鱼腥草挥发油提取物简称HEO,鱼腥草挥发油自微乳简称SME-HEO。本实验中鱼腥草挥发油提取物简称包含总挥发油及不挥发性物质。
实施例1鱼腥草挥发油的提取及含量测定
提取工艺
1)称取一定量鲜鱼腥草,切碎至1cm段,以料液比1:1.5(质量比)加入乙酸乙酯,及1:5*10-5(质量比)加入二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT),超声20min,充氮保护,密封,阴凉处放置3天,取乙酸乙酯层,旋转蒸发仪减压蒸馏,挥去乙酸乙酯,即得乙酸乙酯粗提物。
2)在乙酸乙酯粗提物加入无水乙醇溶解去除沉淀,过滤,收集合并滤液,并蒸馏浓缩得鱼腥草挥发油醇沉物。
3)溶解醇沉物,上样预处理好的D101大孔吸附树脂吸附2h,梯度洗脱,20%(v/v)乙醇洗脱2柱(BV)除去杂质,90%(v/v)乙醇继续洗脱,采用GC实时监测,收集合并GC相应峰面积大于8000的馏分,浓缩,得鱼腥草挥发油提取物(HEO)。
含量测定
参考文献(王邦源,杨艳芳,庞建梅,刘志华,蒋玲敏,刘玉玲.GC法同时测定鱼腥草提取物中9种挥发油成分的含量[J].中国药师,2019,22(07):1261-1264),采用气相色谱法对提取物进行含量测定。选定色谱条件:
(1)色谱条件
色谱柱:Agilent DB-5(30m×0.25nm,0.25微米)毛细管柱;载气:氮气;流速:1.0ml/min;程序升温:50℃,保持3min,以5℃/min升温至150℃,保持3min,以20℃/min升至250℃,保持5min;进样口温度:250℃;检测器:FID;检测器温度:250℃;进样量1微升,分流比:3:1。
(2)鱼腥草素对照品制备
称取鱼腥草素钠2.0g,加入600mL 0.03M的Na2CO3溶液,冰水浴条件下搅拌15min,加入200mL二氯甲烷,静置萃取15min后分取二氯甲烷层,过滤,5000rpm,10min离心取二氯甲烷层,悬蒸挥干溶剂,即得具强烈鱼腥臭味的淡黄色油状液体,其鱼腥草素纯度大于95%。再转移分装至EP管,-20℃保存备用。
(3)鱼腥草素标准品溶液配制:精密称取10mg鱼腥草素标准品,加入一定量乙酸乙酯溶解,定容至10ml,混匀。即得1mg/ml鱼腥草素标准品溶液。
(4)鱼腥草挥发油提取物溶液配制:精密称取10mg鱼腥草挥发油提取物,加入一定量乙酸乙酯溶解,定容至10ml,混匀。即得1mg/ml鱼腥草挥发油提取物。
(5)鱼腥草挥发油含量计算
鱼腥草素含量计算:外标法测定鱼腥草素在鱼腥草挥发油提取物中的含量。
以(4)的色谱图中23.4min处色谱峰(鱼腥草素)面积除以(3)的色谱图中23.4min处色谱峰(鱼腥草素)面积乘以(3)中鱼腥草素标准品的浓度,再除以(4)的提取物浓度,即得(4)提取物中鱼腥草素百分含量。
总挥发油含量计算:
根据鱼腥草挥发油提取物中鱼腥草素的百分含量,除以其在总挥发油的占比,即得总挥发油的百分含量含量。
结合图1和图2及描述的计算方法,计算出鱼腥草素在鱼腥草挥发油提取物中的含量为52.25%,总挥发油的含量为59.37%。
实施例2自微乳各影响因素考察
1、药物与辅料互溶实验
以实施例1制备的鱼腥草挥发油提取物为油相,聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油RH40(Kolliphor RH4)、聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油EL(Kolliphor EL)、吐温80(Tween 80)、辛酸癸酸聚乙二醇甘油酯(Labrasol)为乳化剂,聚乙二醇(PEG400),HP(二乙二醇单乙基醚)为助乳化剂,进行互溶实验。
取各成分300μL于1.5mL的EP管中,加入100μL制的鱼腥草挥发油提取物,于摇床上200rpm振荡过夜后,于12000rpm条件下离心10min,观察是否有分层。
结果显示,鱼腥草挥发油提取物在各成分中溶解性均良好,12000rpm条件下离心10min未见分层现象。
2、乳化剂及助乳化剂选择
称取鱼腥草挥发油提取物组分若干,每份50mg,将各样品分别溶于450mg选定的乳化剂及助乳化剂中,涡旋至样品溶解。分别将鱼腥草挥发油提取物、及其与各成分混合样品放于4℃、25℃两种环境,在放置0d、5d、15d、25d,40d后,GC检测各个样品中鱼腥草素含量变化情况,以自身第0d鱼腥草素含量为基准,计算鱼腥草素的含量变化。
以鱼腥草挥发油提取物为参照,选取有助于提高鱼腥草挥发油提取物稳定性的辅料为乳化剂和助乳化剂。
结果显示:以样品自身第0d鱼腥草素含量为基准,考察各样品中鱼腥草素的含量变化,计算结果如表1所示。
表1 4℃及25℃条件下鱼腥草挥发油提取物-各辅料混合物40d稳定性考察
综合考虑,本实验采用labrasol与Tween80,比例为1:1混合,制备混合乳化剂,记为LT。
3、伪三元相图初步筛选处方
1)设定混合乳化剂与助乳化剂的质量比为Km,将混合乳化剂和助乳化剂按照质量比(Km)分别是5:1、4:1、3:1、2:1、1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5混合均匀;
2)每种混合乳化剂与助乳化剂混合液中,固定加入30mg鱼腥草挥发油提取物,混匀后即得不同处方的鱼腥草挥发油自微乳。
3)分别取100μL鱼腥草挥发油自微乳,缓慢滴加到37℃ 10mL蒸馏水中,100r/min搅拌,测定其乳化时间及粒径。以油相、混合乳化剂及助乳化剂各为一相,用Origin 8.0程序绘制伪三元相图,以粒径小于100nm,作为自微乳化区域。
绘制伪三元相图见图3及下表,封闭区域是粒径小于100nm的自微乳化区域。
表2不同处方SME-HEO粒径及PDI
结果显示:以鱼腥草挥发油提取物为油相,LT为混合乳化剂,HP为助乳化剂,
1)处方1-15可在1min完全乳化,溶液澄清透明;而处方16-27不能完全乳化,溶液为乳白色。
2)自微乳中LT占比为42.1%-70.7%%,HP占比为12.7%-45.2%时,自微乳可在1min内快速乳化,且乳化后的粒径小于100nm,其载药量(HEO)为9.7%-23.8%;
3)选取粒径小于100nm的处方绘制三元相图,以封闭区域的偏中间位置的点,即HEO:LT:HP=3:10:7作为自微乳处方,考察其乳化效率,粒径,PDI及载药量。结果显示,HEO:LT:HP=3:10:7时,不仅可在1min内快速乳化,其粒径(17.7nm)更小,PDI为0.291,载药量为150mg/g。
实施例3鱼腥草挥发油自微乳(SME-HEO)制备
以质量比HEO:LT:HP=3:10:7作为自微乳处方,精密称取一定量的乳化剂及助乳化剂置于三角锥形瓶中,混匀,加入鱼腥草挥发油提取物,缓慢振摇使药物完全溶解,直至形成均一、澄明溶液。
实施例4 SME-HEO理化性质的表征
1、外观性状
实施例3制备的SME-HEO为澄清透明、流动性相对较好的浅黄色溶液,有轻微鱼腥草气味。
2、微观形态
取实施例3制备的SME-HEO适量,加入37℃蒸馏水稀释100倍,取适量微乳液滴加到200目铜网表面,用滤纸吸取多余液体,以2%磷钨酸溶液负染色2min,滤纸吸取多余液体,自然晾干,在透射电镜下观察。
透射电镜观察SME-HEO微观形态见图4,可以看到SME-HEO经蒸馏水稀释后呈圆球型,大小较均匀,乳滴之间无粘连,粒径大小20nm以下。
3、乳化效率
取100μL实施例3制备的SME-HEO,缓慢滴加到37℃ 10mL蒸馏水中,100r/min搅拌速度,观察1min内是否可完全乳化,形成澄清透明溶液。
结果显示该SME-HEO在37℃蒸馏水稀释100倍,100r/min搅拌速度,1min内可完全乳化,形成澄清透明溶液。
4、粒径、Zeta电位、PDI及稀释稳定性
将上述稀释100倍的溶液,放置12h,观察其粒径的变化,平行设置三个样本(1、2、3)测定平均粒径、Zeta电位及多分散系数(PDI)见下表。
表3 SME-HEO乳化后粒径、zeta及PDI表征
从表中可知,SME-HEO溶液的粒径平均为17.7±0.283nm,PDI为0.291±0.006,Zeta电位为-22.71±0.526mV(n=3)电位。说明SME-HEO粒径小,分布较窄,体系较稳定。SME-HEO分散后粒径大小及分布见图5(A)。
改变上述SME-HEO稀释倍数,考察稀释5、10、20、50、100、200、400、800及1000倍时,溶液的粒径(见图5(B))。
5、SME-HEO包封率测定
精密称取3份实施例3制备的SME-HEO 350mg(1、2、3),分别加入5mL蒸馏水乳化,得SME-HEO乳化液,取1mL置于10mL量瓶中,加乙酸乙酯定容,超声5min使溶解,GC测定Hou响应信号面积,记为W1-1、W1-2、W1-3;分别量取SME-HEO乳化液3mL,置于超滤管,3000r/min离心20min,取离心管中自微乳液1mL,取1mL置于10mL量瓶中,加乙酸乙酯定容,超声5min使溶解,GC测定Hou响应信号面积,记为W2-1、W2-2、W2-3;根据以下公式计算包封率,包封率=W2/W1*100%。
测定计算SME的包封率为98.40%±0.82%,具体数值见下表。
表4 SME-HEO包封率测定
实施例5 SME-HEO稳定性考察
将实施例3制备的SME-HEO分别于4℃、25℃放置40d,40℃放置24h,考察其鱼腥草素含量的变化;另取鱼腥草挥发油进行稳定性考察。
以各组第0d测定的鱼腥草素初始含量为参照(100%),考察不同温度下SME-HEO的稳定性,结果显示在4℃/25℃及40℃下,SME-HEO均可提高HEO的稳定。具体结果见下表。
表5 SME-HEO 4℃/25℃稳定性考察结果
表6 SME-HEO 40℃稳定性考察结果
实施例6 SME-HEO药代特征及促淋巴吸收研究
1、SME-HEO药代特征研究
SD大鼠12只,适应性喂养3天,试验前禁食一夜,不禁水,实验期间自由饮水。随机分成2组(HEO组、实施例3制备的SME-HEO组),6只/组。
按提取物30mg/kg剂量灌胃给药SD大鼠(0.1mL/10g),于给药后5、10、15、30min、1h、2h、3h、4h、5h、6h、8h、12h、24h时间点眼眶后静脉丛取血0.5mL,置预先肝素化的1.5mL尖底离心管中,4000r/min离心15min,吸取上层血浆,置-80℃冰箱保存,待测。
以2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)为衍生试剂,对甲苯甲醛-2,4-二硝基苯腙(PTD)为内标,采用柱前衍生化LC-MS/MS分析方法,对血浆中的Hou含量进行测定。测定结果如下表。
表7 HEO及SME-HEO各时间点血浆鱼腥草素浓度(n=6)
并绘制药-时曲线,以平均血药浓度为Y轴,采样时间为X轴,绘制药时曲线,见图6。结果表明:鱼腥草挥发油有效组分自微乳制剂可明显提高鱼腥草的血药浓度,促进药物的吸收。
计算HEO及SME-HEO的药代参数,具体数据见下表,根据计算结果可知,SME-HEO的Cmax是485.25±33.619μg/L,为HEO组的2.48倍;AUC(0-t)是4601.88±211.058min*μg/mL,是HEO组的2.68倍,Tmax是3.25h,略小于HEO组,CLz是0.006±0.001mL/min/kg,是HEO组的0.012倍,由此说明,自微乳递送系统可明显提高HEO的吸收和利用,提高最大血药浓度,减少清除速率。
表8 HEO及SME-HEO药代动力学参数(mean±SD,n=6)
2、SME-HEO促淋巴吸收研究
大鼠6只,适应性喂养3天,试验前禁食一夜,不禁水,实验期间自由饮水。腹腔注射放线菌酮溶液(0.5mg/100g),再于1h后按30mg/kg剂量灌胃给药实施例3制备的SME-HEO,于给药后5、10、15、30min、1h、2h、3h、4h时间点眼眶后静脉丛取血0.5mL,置预先肝素化的1.5mL尖底离心管中,4000r/min离心15min,吸取上层血浆,测定血浆中鱼腥草素的浓度。
实验动物在各时间点血浆中鱼腥草素测定结果见下表。
表9 SME-HEO-放线菌酮(cycloheximide)各时间点血浆鱼腥草素浓度(mean±SD,n=6)
结果显示,给予放线菌酮抑制淋巴吸收后,SME-HEO中Hou的血药浓度明显降低,与表中原料药组HEO对应时间点的浓度相近,说明SME-HEO通过促进鱼腥草素淋巴吸收及转运发挥促吸收作用。
实施例7 HEO及SME-HEO口服抗炎药效
1、HEO及SME-HEO对二甲苯诱导小鼠耳肿胀的抗炎药效
ICR小鼠,雄性,24只,适应性喂养3天后,称重,随机分为4组,模型组(Model)、阳性药地塞米松组(DEX,10mg/Kg)、HEO组(200mg/Kg)、同等剂量实施例3制备的SME-HEO(200mg/Kg,按HEO计算)。受试组及模型组每日按要求分别灌胃给药1次,连续给药7天,阳性药组,于第7天腹腔注射;在第7天给药1h后,各组小鼠右耳上分别均匀涂抹40μL二甲苯,并于致炎1h后,处死小鼠,剪下小鼠双耳用9mm直径打孔器分别在同一部位打圆耳片,称重,计算肿胀度。
肿胀度=右耳片重量–左耳片重量。
耳肿胀抑制率=[1-肿胀度(实验组)/肿胀度(模型组)]*100%
结果显示,模型组小鼠耳肿胀度平均为12.01mg,说明造模成功。HEO具有较好的抗炎药效,肿胀抑制率分别为47.29%,而自微乳SME-HEO组肿胀抑制率为64.11%,明显优于同等计量的HEO组,与阳性药DEX相当。具体对实验结果如下表和图7所示。
表10各实验组耳肿胀情况
实施例8 HEO及SME-HEO对LPS诱导内毒素败血症的影响
C57小鼠,雄性,35只,适应性喂养3天后,称重,随机分为5组,空白组(NT)、模型组(LPS)、阳性药地塞米松组(DEX,10mg/Kg)、HEO组(200mg/Kg)、同等剂量的实施例3制备的SME-HEO(200mg/Kg,按HEO计算)。分别灌胃给予相应药物,阳性药组腹腔注射DEX。40min后,NT组腹腔注射生理盐水,其余组腹腔注射LPS(5mg/kg)诱导细胞因子风暴,LPS注射4h后,摘眼球取血,采血管取血,取血后需30min内于2-8℃,4000rpm离心15min,取上清,-80℃保存,采用多因子试剂盒,对TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、IL-1α、IFN-γ、IL-12p70、IL-17A、IL-23、IL-27、CCL2(MCP-1)、IFN-β及GM-CSF的表达进行测定。
结果如图8所示。显示1)LPS诱导后,13种炎症因子表达均明显增高;2)HEO及SME-HEO对IL-27、IL-17A、MCP-1、TNF-α、IFN-γ5种炎症因子具有下调作用,同时还可一定程度的上调抑炎因子IL-10的表达,其中SME-HEO对IL-27、TNF-α、IFN-γ及IL-10的调控作用优于原料药HEO。
实施例9 HEO及SME-HEO对LPS诱导小鼠急性乳腺炎的影响
待雌鼠分娩后,随机分10组,空白组(NT)、模型组(LPS)、口服给药组[阳性药地塞米松组(DEX,10mg/Kg)、HEO低剂量组(HEO-L,100mg/Kg)、HEO中剂量组(HEO-M,200mg/Kg)、HEO高剂量组(HEO-H,300mg/Kg)、实施例3制备的SME-HEO低剂量组(SME-L,100mg/Kg)、实施例3制备SME-HEO中剂量组(SME-M,200mg/Kg)、实施例3制备SME-HEO高剂量组(SME-H,300mg/Kg)]、以及注射给药SME-HEO组(I-SME,40mg/Kg)。
按上述分组,连续给药7天;阳性药组于第7d腹腔注射DEX。各组动物于第7天给药前2h与幼崽隔离,单独饲养终止哺乳。在第7d给药后1h,进行LPS造模,之后12h再给药1次。
于LPS经组织导管灌注24h后,颈椎脱臼法处死实验动物,沿腹中线剖开小鼠腹部皮肤,暴露第四乳区并进行固定。观察乳腺组织形状、颜色、充血和坏死情况等。之后切割样本,分别对乳腺组织进行细胞因子,qRT-PCR及病理学检测,以评价药效,并在此基础上对HEO及SME-HEO治疗乳腺炎的机制进行探究。
HEO及SME-HEO对LPS诱导乳腺炎治疗效果:
1、HEO及SME-HEO对LPS诱导小鼠乳腺组织形态的影响
空白对照组小鼠乳腺组织呈乳白色,组织形态完好,肉眼未见异常变化。LPS组小鼠可见明显肿胀和充血现象,可以初步判断该实验造模成功。与LPS组相比,DEX给药组可明显改善乳腺的肿胀和充血状况,使组织恢复正常;口服HEO组及SME-HEO组,随给药浓度的增加,小鼠乳腺红肿,充血等现象逐渐减轻,高剂量组的乳腺组织基本恢复正常;注射SME-HEO组中乳腺组织红肿状态较LPS组稍减轻,但改善程度远弱于HEO-L及SME-L组。说明HEO及SME-HEO对乳腺组织的炎症有保护作用。具体对比见图9。
2、小鼠乳腺组织内炎症因子测定结果
采用多因子试剂盒,对乳腺组织中炎症因子表达情况进行测定,结果如图10所示。结果显示LPS诱导乳腺炎,上调9种炎症因子的表达,包括IL-23、TNF-α、IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-17A、IFN-γ、MCP-1、IL-10;口服给予HEO及SME-HEO后,不仅可显著下调TNF-α、IL-1β表达,高剂量组均可上调抑炎因子IL-10表达,其中SME-HEO对IL-1β的调控优于HEO;注射SME-HEO组,仅可下调IL-1β表达。
3、炎性细胞因子基因表达水平
对各组乳腺组织中炎症因子TNF-a、IL-1β的上游mRNA的表达情况进行测定,结果与上述炎症因子表达情况相符,即随HEO及SME-HEO给药剂量增加,抑制炎症因子TNF-a、IL-1β基因表达的效果逐渐加强。与HEO相比,SME-HEO药效有进一步改善趋势。具体数据见下表。
表11 TNF-a、IL-1β的上游mRNA的表达情况(mean±SD,n=3)
4、小鼠乳腺炎病理组织学变化
HE染色观察乳腺组织的损伤情况,结果显示,空白组乳腺基本结构正常;模型组乳腺正常结构被严重破坏,腺上皮细胞增生,腺泡腔内和导管内有变性、坏死、脱落的腺上皮细胞;给予HEO及自微乳SME-HEO后,炎性症状明显得到缓解且呈剂量依赖。具体结果见图11。
5、各乳腺组织中MPO分布
髓过氧化物酶(MPO)是中性粒细胞的功能和激活标志,其可以参与氧自由基的产生,进而造成组织损伤并加剧炎症反应。通过免疫组化,观察组织中MPO分布,以MPO表达及分布情况评价抗炎药效。结果显示LPS刺激可显著增加MPO的表达。给予HEO处理后,MPO表达随给药剂量的增加逐渐下降,且剂型组的药效在一定程度上优于对应浓度的原料药组。具体结果见图12。
以上研究结果表明HEO及SME-HEO可通过抑制乳腺组织中MPO活性、炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β及其基因的表达发挥抗炎作用。其中SME-HEO组的抗炎作用在某种程度上优于HEO组。
Claims (9)
1.一种鱼腥草挥发油自微乳,其特征在于,所述自微乳包括:鱼腥草挥发油提取物,混合乳化剂和助乳化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自微乳,其特征在于,所述鱼腥草挥发油提取物中鱼腥草素的质量分数为50%以上,优选为50%-70%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的自微乳,其特征在于,以所述鱼腥草挥发油提取物、混合乳化剂与助乳化剂三者的总质量为100%计,鱼腥草挥发油提取物占比为9.7%-23.8%,混合乳化剂占比为42.1%-70.7%,助乳化剂占比为12.7%-45.2%;优选的,鱼腥草挥发油提取物:混合乳化剂:助乳化剂的质量比为3:10:7。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的自微乳,其特征在于,所述混合乳化剂选自以下两种或两种以上组合,Kolliphor RH40、Kolliphor EL、吐温80和Labrasol;优选为Labrasol与吐温80组合;
所述助乳化剂选自下述至少一种:PEG400、无水乙醇、丙二醇、正丁醇、Capryol90、甘油和Transcutol HP;优选为Transcutol HP;
优选地,所述混合乳化剂Labrasol与吐温80组合中两种物质的质量比为1:0.3-5,优选1:1。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的自微乳,其特征在于,所述自微乳的载药量为90mg/g-240mg/g,粒径为10nm-100nm。
6.一种权利要求1-5任一项所述的自微乳的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下制备步骤:
按比例制备混合乳化剂后,再将鱼腥草挥发油提取物,混合乳化剂和助乳化剂以任意的顺序充分混合。
7.一种药物制剂,其特征在于,包含权利要求1-5任一项所述的鱼腥草挥发油的自微乳以及任选存在的药学上可接受的辅料;所述制剂的剂型包括:口服制剂、注射制剂、粘膜给药制剂、肺部吸入给药制剂或肠道给药制剂。
8.权利要求1-5任一项所述的鱼腥草挥发油自微乳或权利要求7制备的制剂在治疗炎症相关疾病中的应用;
或,权利要求1-5任一项所述的鱼腥草挥发油自微乳或权利要求7制备的制剂在制备治疗炎症相关疾病药物中的应用,优选地,所述炎症相关疾病包括败血症、乳腺炎。
9.一种权利要求1-5任一项所述鱼腥草挥发油的提取方法,其特征在于,该提取步骤包括:
S1.新鲜鱼腥草切碎,加入有机溶剂浸泡,加入抗氧剂,充氮保护,阴暗处放置,得鱼腥草挥发油粗提物;
S2.加入醇溶液于鱼腥草挥发油粗提物,过滤,去除沉淀,合并滤液,得鱼腥草挥发油醇沉物;
S3.将鱼腥草挥发油醇沉物经大孔树脂吸附,浓缩,得产物鱼腥草挥发油提取物;
优选的,所述有机溶剂包括:乙酸乙酯、乙醇、正己烷;所述抗氧剂包括二丁基羟基甲苯,所述醇溶液包括:无水乙醇,甲醇。
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