CN114981005A - 官能化颗粒 - Google Patents
官能化颗粒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114981005A CN114981005A CN202180011761.5A CN202180011761A CN114981005A CN 114981005 A CN114981005 A CN 114981005A CN 202180011761 A CN202180011761 A CN 202180011761A CN 114981005 A CN114981005 A CN 114981005A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- functionalized
- functionalized particles
- payload
- substrate
- ethylenically unsaturated
- Prior art date
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Abstract
包含壳和核及包埋或夹带的有效载荷的官能化颗粒,其中壳基质通过乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷和至少一种可与乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷共聚的其他烯属不饱和单体的界面聚合获得,所述官能化颗粒能够与基材化学结合,适合作为用于纺织品应用的控释系统,以即使在多次洗涤后也给予耐久的柔软性和优异的保水率。
Description
本发明涉及具有壳核构造的官能化颗粒或胶囊,其中聚合物壳包含通过某些烯属不饱和单体的界面聚合获得的基质。所述颗粒可用作包封不同物质或有效载荷的微容器。所述颗粒具有能够永久结合到基材如纺织品的表面的官能团。本发明还涉及官能化颗粒的制备。
微包封技术已变得越来越重要,因为这种方法能够包封各种聚集状态的物质。微胶囊已被用作各种有效载荷例如油墨和染料、气味或风味物质、药物活性制剂、化学试剂和植物保护剂的载体。
在气味强烈的活性化合物的情况下,活性化合物的包封可有利于减少气味滋扰。包封的又一个优点在于,由此可以在时间和量方面以受控的方式实现活性化合物的释放(储库作用)。由于这种“缓慢释放”效应,故活性化合物可在较长时间内保持活性,从而可被更好地利用,必要的应用次数可减少,并因此最终可减少要应用的活性化合物的总量。
已描述和使用了许多用于制造胶囊的机械和化学方法,例如,J. E. Vandegaer,"Microencapsulation", Plenum-Press, New York-London; 1974。制备适宜通过界面聚合进行,其中单体在分散相与连续相之间的界面处聚合而在分散相周围形成壳。
最近,含有活性剂的微胶囊也已被应用于纺织品工业中。微胶囊允许例如包封芳香物和香水或抗微生物物质。此类试剂被释放并给予成品纺织品材料芳香或抗微生物效果以减轻或防止因出汗引起的异味。此外,纺织品已用含有用于体温调节的相变材料的微胶囊进行了整理。在纺织品应用中,希望所给予的效果永久保持。相应地,在服装的使用过程中,微胶囊必须与纺织品永久地结合并耐受反复的洗涤循环。用于纺织品的永久处理的纳米颗粒见述于例如US 6 607 994中。
织物柔软剂将改善纺织品的不同性质,如柔软的手感(柔软、柔顺、柔滑和蓬松)、光滑度、柔韧性、悬垂性和可挠性。取决于最终用途的目的,织物柔软剂可为阳离子的、阴离子的或非离子的。通常,织物柔软剂基于的是硅酮、石蜡和聚乙烯。非离子和阳离子硅酮柔软剂在商业上被用于研究或工业目的,因为它提供更高的柔软性、特别独特的手感、高润滑性、良好的可缝纫性、回弹性、折皱回复性和耐磨性。
采用不同的方法来给予织物上的柔软剂耐久性,如与硅酮柔软剂一起应用柠檬酸或聚氨酯基树脂。然而,过量树脂的引入会影响织物柔软性,因此树脂并未在商业上用于此目的。硅烷偶联剂与硅酮柔软剂一起使用以改善耐久性。然而,由于较高的产品成本,这种方法尚未被证明商业可行。建议将柔软剂的微包封作为给予洗涤耐久性的进一步方法。
本发明因此涉及包含壳和核及包埋或夹带的有效载荷的官能化颗粒,其中壳基质通过乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷和至少一种可与乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷共聚的其他烯属不饱和单体的界面聚合获得,所述官能化颗粒能够与基材化学结合。
如本文所用,术语“有效载荷”是指被官能化颗粒包埋或夹带并可以受控和/或延长的方式从含有效载荷的颗粒的笼中释放的任何材料、物质、化合物、试剂、活性材料、活性物质、活性化合物或活性剂。
作为有效载荷,考虑例如维生素、相变材料、催化剂、酶、杀生物剂、抗微生物剂、杀虫剂、杀螨剂、杀真菌剂、除草剂、信息素、芳香物、调味剂、柔软剂、药物活性化合物、化妆品活性物、用于抗静电整理或阻燃整理的活性化合物、UV稳定剂、染料、颜料或其混合物。
官能化颗粒可例如用于:
- 以受控的方式释放活性化合物,
- 增加活性化合物的生物利用度,
- 增加活性化合物在纺织品上抗洗涤的耐久性,
- 包封用于纺织品应用的相变材料,如半合成甘油酯,
- 稳定活性化合物,例如对光、温度、氧化、水解、蒸发(通过形成复合物),
- 增溶活性化合物,
- 通过包封降低活性化合物的毒性或刺激性。
聚合物壳基质包含在颗粒表面上提供反应性原子团的官能团,这些官能团与连接于基材的基团结合,这些基团能够与颗粒壳基质的反应性原子团化学反应,在颗粒与基材之间形成共价键并将颗粒永久固定到基材。
如果基材为纺织品织物,则颗粒表面上的官能团选自具有反应性并将与纺织品织物化学结合(如与纤维素基织物的羟基基团、或者毛或丝及其他蛋白质动物纤维的胺、羧酸酯和硫醇基团化学结合)的那些基团。例如,反应性基团可包含环氧化物基团或环氧化物前体,如卤代醇。环氧化物可与胺和羟基基团反应。另外,羟甲基丙烯酰胺可共聚进入颗粒基质,或用酸酐基团改性的单体,或带有烯属不饱和基团的烷氧基硅烷。
纺织品纤维反应性原子团是纤维反应性染料领域公知的,并见述于例如Venkataraman “The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes” Band 6, Seiten 1-209, AcademicPress, New York, London 1972中。通过参考并入本文的WO 2006/013165描述了合适的纺织品纤维反应性基团前体,其考虑通过单体前体与纤维反应性基团前体的反应制备携带纤维反应性基团的单体。
在本发明的某个实施方案中,所述至少一种其他烯属不饱和单体为疏水性单体。
作为疏水性单体,提及例如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙酯、甲基丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙酯、N-(叔丁基)丙烯酰胺、N-(正癸基)丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸正癸酯、N-十二烷基甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸正十六烷基酯、丙烯酸正肉豆蔻酯、N-(正十八烷基)丙烯酰胺、正十八烷基三乙氧基硅烷、丙烯酸叔辛酯、丙烯酸硬脂酯、甲基丙烯酸硬脂酯、月桂酸乙烯酯或硬脂酸乙烯酯,优选苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙酯或甲基丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙酯。
在本发明的一个引起关注的实施方案中,所述至少一种其他烯属不饱和疏水性单体为苯乙烯或甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。
在本发明的另一个引起关注的实施方案中,所述至少一种其他烯属不饱和疏水性单体为苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。
在本发明的又另一个引起关注的实施方案中,壳基质通过乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷和至少一种可与乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷共聚的其他烯属不饱和单体和至少一种亲水性单体的界面聚合获得。
作为亲水性单体,提及例如丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮、N-丙烯酰三(羟甲基)-甲胺、双丙烯酰胺基乙酸、单丙烯酸甘油酯、单甲基丙烯酸甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯、丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、N-(2-羟丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺、N-甲基丙烯酰三(羟甲基)甲胺、聚乙二醇单甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸2-磺基乙酯或1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷单烯丙基醚,优选丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸或N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮。
在本发明的一个特别的实施方案中,有效载荷为织物柔软剂,尤其是硅酮柔软剂。取决于形态,硅酮柔软剂可能是亲水性的或疏水性的。亲水性硅酮柔软剂主要用于毛巾织物(terry towel)中。然而,这些硅酮柔软剂在洗涤时的耐久性非常有限。
硅酮柔软剂可为聚硅氧烷,其为包含Si-O部分的聚合物。合适的硅酮柔软剂可选自(a)非官能化硅氧烷聚合物、(b)官能化硅氧烷聚合物及其组合。官能化硅氧烷聚合物可包含氨基硅酮、硅酮聚醚、聚二甲基硅氧烷、阳离子硅酮、硅酮聚氨酯、硅酮聚脲或其混合物。硅酮柔软剂可包含环状聚硅氧烷。
合适的硅酮柔软剂可为线性的、支化的或交联的。硅酮可包含硅酮树脂。硅酮树脂为高度交联的聚合硅氧烷体系。在硅酮树脂的制造过程中,通过将三官能和四官能硅烷与单官能或双官能或单官能及双官能硅烷合并来引入交联。
非官能化硅氧烷聚合物可包含聚烷基和/或苯基硅酮油、硅酮树脂和/或硅酮橡胶。
官能化硅氧烷聚合物可包含一个或多个选自氨基、酰胺基、烷氧基、羟基、聚醚、羧基、氢化物、巯基、硫酸酯磷酸酯和/或季铵部分的官能部分。这些部分可通过二价亚烷基原子团直接连接到硅氧烷骨架,或者可为该骨架的一部分。合适的官能化硅氧烷聚合物包括选自氨基硅酮、酰胺基硅酮、硅酮聚醚、硅酮-氨基甲酸酯聚合物、季ABn硅酮、氨基ABn硅酮及其组合的材料。
官能化硅氧烷聚合物可包含硅酮聚醚。通常,硅酮聚醚包含具有一个或多个聚氧化烯链的聚二甲基硅氧烷骨架。聚氧化烯部分可作为侧链或作为末端嵌段结合在聚合物中。
官能化硅氧烷聚合物可包含氨基硅酮,例如单胺、二胺或其混合物。官能团可包含伯胺、仲胺、叔胺、季胺或其组合。
在本发明的某个实施方案中,硅酮柔软剂为氨基硅酮或氨基官能化硅氧烷,其中氨基基团通过二价亚烷基原子团连接到硅氧烷骨架。
织物柔软剂可例如自Huntsman Corporation以商品名ULTRAPHIL®或ULTRATEX®商购获得。
本发明的颗粒通过使有效载荷与乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷单体和至少一种其他烯属不饱和单体接触、使得这些单体在有效载荷周围组装而形成。然后使单体聚合以在有效载荷周围产生聚合物壳基质,使得聚合物壳基质围绕有效载荷或与有效载荷直接结合。
在本发明的某个实施方案中,有效载荷与官能化颗粒的壳基质化学键合。在有效载荷为官能化硅酮柔软剂的情况下,颗粒壳基质的反应性原子团可与硅酮柔软剂的官能部分(例如氨基基团)反应而在硅酮柔软剂与壳基质之间形成共价键。
或者,可首先通过使乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷与至少一种其他烯属不饱和单体聚合形成聚合物壳基质而在不存在有效载荷的情况下制备官能化颗粒,其后将如此形成的颗粒在合适的条件下暴露于有效载荷,使得有效载荷被吸收到并夹带在聚合物基质中。
适当地,本发明的官能化颗粒的制备通过单体在水包油分散体中的聚合来实现。通过预先将有效载荷包含在疏水性油相中,有效载荷最终被摄入到颗粒内部。根据需要,本发明的颗粒可含有增塑剂、石蜡、动植物油、硅油和合成树脂(例如,二甲苯树脂和酮树脂),只要它们对单体是惰性的即可。
在本发明的官能化颗粒的制备的一个典型实施方案中,将有效载荷与乳化剂一起分散在水中。如果有效载荷为固体或高粘稠液体,则首先将其适当地溶解在与水不混溶的合适的疏水性有机溶剂中。在施加高剪切力时,获得包含有效载荷的细分散油滴在水中的乳液。其后在室温下向水包油乳液中加入引发剂。然后,加入包括携带反应性原子团的官能化单体的单体,以在升高的温度下聚合并在有效载荷周围形成聚合物壳。所得颗粒含有被包埋或夹带的有效载荷,并在其聚合物表面上携带有能够与待处理的基材(如纺织品或幅材的纤维)结合的反应性官能团。
待分散在水相中的疏水性油相可根据需要通过添加非反应性疏水性有机溶剂来降低粘度。在这种情况下,基于整个疏水相的重量,有机溶剂的量适当地不超过80重量%。可使用的有机溶剂的实例包括芳族烃;脂族烃;酯类,如邻苯二甲酸二甲酯;醚;和酮。根据需要,这些有机溶剂可在形成聚合物微粒期间或之后通过加热或减压除去。
水相(疏水相将分散于其中)可含有基于水相按重量计0.1%至20%的至少一种保护性胶体如聚乙烯醇、羟烷基纤维素、羧烷基纤维素、阿拉伯树胶、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和乙烯马来酸酐共聚物。水相可含有基于水相按重量计0.1%至10%的非离子、阴离子或阳离子表面活性剂,例如聚山梨醇酯80。
将疏水相分散在水相中的步骤在例如5℃至90℃的温度下进行以稳定分散体。分散可通过合适的分散装置如高速搅动器、均质器、均匀分散器或螺旋桨式通用搅拌器或通过惯例操作容易地进行。
在许多情况下,优选在分散步骤结束后通过使用螺旋桨式搅拌器来温和地搅拌分散体。
平均粒度取决于温度和搅动速度,其中高搅动速度和高温有利于小粒度。此外,平均粒度可通过反应介质的粘度来控制。粘度可通过添加粘度调节剂或增稠剂来调节,如可商购获得的藻酸盐增稠剂、淀粉醚或槐豆粉醚、藻酸钠本身或与改性纤维素(例如甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、甲基羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素或羟丙基甲基纤维素)混合,尤其优选与20至25重量%的羧甲基纤维素混合。可提及的合成增稠剂有例如基于聚(甲基)丙烯酸、聚(甲基)丙烯酰胺或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的那些。
取决于它们的粒度,本发明的官能化颗粒也被称为微粒或纳米颗粒。
聚合可通过本领域已知的程序完成,并通常通过热或通过辐射如UV光或γ射线来完成。适当地使用催化剂或光引发剂或热引发剂来制备本发明的官能化颗粒。这样的引发剂和催化剂是本领域公知的并且是可商购获得的。特别提及可自Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries商购获得的自由基聚合引发剂,如2,2'-偶氮双[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二盐酸盐(VA 044)或AIBN。
基于应用于制备官能化颗粒的乳液的总重量,聚合引发剂以例如0.05至1.0重量%、优选0.1至0.5重量%的量使用。
在有效载荷为官能化硅酮柔软剂的情况下,单体与硅酮柔软剂的重量比为例如1:10至10:1,优选1:4至4:1,尤其是2:1至1:2。
根据相应的目的使用所得颗粒。它们可在通过喷雾干燥法、同心分离干燥法、过滤干燥法或流化床干燥法干燥后以细粉的形式使用。同样,官能化颗粒可以在水中的分散体使用。
在如此获得的本发明的官能化颗粒中,反应充分完成到内部看不到未反应单体的明显痕迹的程度。因此,颗粒非常坚韧并具有优异的耐溶剂性。
因此,本发明还涉及一种制备根据本发明的官能化颗粒的方法,该方法包括制备水包油分散体和使得乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷和至少一种可与乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷共聚的其他烯属不饱和单体在有效载荷的存在下在油-水界面处聚合的步骤,其中各变量为如上文所定义和优选。
根据本发明的官能化颗粒与各种含有亲核基团例如-OH、-NH或-SH的化合物或基材反应,其反应性原子团连接到其外壳。反应性原子团在室温或升高的温度下形成共价键,例如0至230℃,在湿法应用中优选20至80℃,在干法应用中优选120至180℃,这可在存在例如碱如苏打、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾的情况下完成,如在用反应性染料进行纺织品染色或印刷的领域中已知的。
因此,本发明还涉及制备用官能化颗粒改性的基材的方法,其包括用根据本发明的官能化颗粒或依照本发明制备的官能化颗粒处理所述基材,使得官能化颗粒与基材化学结合,其中各变量为如上文所定义和优选。
作为基材,优选的是含羟基基团或含氮的纤维材料,如纺织品纤维材料、角蛋白纤维(例如,人类毛发)或纸张,优选纺织品纤维材料。纺织品纤维材料可呈纤维、纱线或布匹的形式,如非织造物、针织品和织造品、起绒织物或毛圈织物。实例有丝、毛、聚酰胺纤维和聚氨酯,优选所有类型的纤维素纤维材料。这样的纤维素纤维材料有例如天然纤维素纤维,如棉、亚麻和大麻纤维,以及纤维素和再生纤维素。根据本发明的官能化微粒也适合于整理包含在混纺织物中的含有羟基基团的纤维,例如棉与聚酯纤维或聚酰胺纤维的混合物。根据本发明的官能化颗粒特别适合于整理含有纤维素的纺织品纤维材料,如含有棉的纺织品纤维材料。它们还可用于整理天然或合成聚酰胺纤维材料。
根据本发明的官能化微粒在水溶液中应用于纺织品,类似于反应性染料已知的染色工艺或纺织品工业中的整理工艺。它们适合于喷洒、浸染(exhaust)和浸轧(pad)方法,其中用可含有盐的水溶液浸渍物品。为此优选使用用反应性染料染色中惯例的染色机。在适当的情况下,在热、蒸汽的作用下碱处理后,或通过在室温下储存数小时,固定本发明的官能化微粒,从而与基材形成化学键。在纺织品整理工艺中,也可在交联剂或树脂整理剂的存在下应用根据本发明的官能化颗粒,这可导致优异效果的耐久性,所述交联剂或树脂整理剂有例如二羟甲基脲、二甲氧基甲基脲、三甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺、四甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺、六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺、二羟甲基二羟基亚乙基脲、二羟甲基亚丙基脲、二羟甲基-4-甲氧基-5,5'-二甲基亚丙基脲、二羟甲基-5-羟基亚丙基脲、丁烷四羧酸、柠檬酸、马来酸、键合剂例如丙烯酸酯、硅酮、氨基甲酸酯、丁二烯。这样的纺织品整理工艺见述于例如DE-A-4035 378中。在固定之后,用冷水和热水,在适当的情况下添加具有分散作用和促进未固定部分的扩散的试剂,彻底漂洗整理过的基材。
基于基材的总重量,整理过的基材含有例如0.1至25重量%、优选1至10重量%的根据本发明的官能化微粒。
用含有本发明的官能化颗粒的硅酮柔软剂整理的纺织品织物以其耐久的柔软性和优异的保水率为特征。因此,含有本发明的官能化颗粒的硅酮柔软剂特别适合于毛巾织物的耐久整理,以即使在多次洗涤后也给予柔软性和优异的手感并同时保持高度的保水率。
以下实施例示意本发明。份和百分数以重量计,另有说明除外。
制备实施例1:
将64.3g合适的硅酮柔软剂(含有30.89gm活性硅酮含量)、0.64g聚山梨醇酯80和25g去离子水加到配备有冷凝器、温度计、搅动器和滴液漏斗的三颈玻璃反应器中。将混合物以350rpm搅拌10至15分钟并吹扫氮气通过混合物。然后于室温在搅拌下向混合物中加入0.42g 2,2'-偶氮双[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二盐酸盐。让混合物的温度在10至15分钟内缓慢升至35至40℃并保持在该温度。随后,在搅拌下于35至40℃向反应混合物中加入1.55g乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、1.55g甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和5.79g苯乙烯。在单体的加入完成后,将反应混合物的温度升高至50至55℃并在氮气氛下继续搅拌4小时。其后让反应混合物冷却至25至35℃。通过GC和HPLC验证未反应单体的浓度。残留的未反应苯乙烯的含量低于0.09%。其后加入水以调节35%至38%的所需固含量。如此获得的官能化颗粒的分散体即使在40℃下长时间储存时也显示出良好的保存期限。
应用实施例1:
使棉织物/毛巾穿过浸轧机以用水润湿织物/毛巾。随后,使湿织物/毛巾穿过使用50g根据制备实施例1获得的包封硅酮柔软剂和10g UVITEX® BST LIQ制备的1升应用浴。使用乙酸将应用浴的pH调节至5.5。棉织物/毛巾的上染率(pick-up)为15±2%。将经处理的湿棉织物/毛巾在120±5℃下干燥和固化10分钟。干燥和固化后,织物用温度为45℃的热空气滚筒干燥20分钟。如此处理的织物/毛巾保持在25±5℃下调湿1天。
对经处理的织物/毛巾进行初始和10次家庭洗涤(Home Laundering, HL)测试。洗涤按照欧洲7A家庭洗涤方法进行。在调湿后记录经处理的毛巾的初始柔软性、洗涤后柔软性和保水率。根据ASTMD 4772测定保水率(%)。未经处理的织物/毛巾织物理想地具有约70%的保水率。
根据应用实施例1处理的织物/毛巾显示出良好的柔软性/手感(即使在10次家庭洗涤后)和55±5%的初始保水率。
实施例2至6 (制备和应用):
按照类似于实施例1中所述的程序,但使用表1中给出的单体,获得了具有表1中给出的性质的实施例2至6的官能化颗粒。
表1
* 实施例6中除了所述其他单体外还含有1重量%的丙烯酸和0.01重量%的甲基丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙酯。
** [重量%]基于应用于制备官能化颗粒的乳液的总重量。
根据实施例2至6处理的织物/毛巾显示出良好的柔软性/手感(即使在10次家庭洗涤后)和良好的保水率。
Claims (11)
1.包含壳和核及包埋或夹带的有效载荷的官能化颗粒,其中所述壳基质通过乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷和至少一种可与乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷共聚的其他烯属不饱和单体的界面聚合获得,所述官能化颗粒能够与基材化学结合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的官能化颗粒,其中所述至少一种其他烯属不饱和单体为疏水性单体。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的官能化颗粒,其中所述至少一种其他烯属不饱和疏水性单体为苯乙烯或甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的官能化颗粒,其中所述至少一种其他烯属不饱和疏水性单体为苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的官能化颗粒,其中所述有效载荷为硅酮柔软剂。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的官能化颗粒,其中所述有效载荷与所述官能化颗粒的壳基质化学键合。
7.制备根据权利要求1所述的官能化颗粒的方法,所述方法包括以下的步骤:制备水包油分散体,和使得乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷和至少一种可与乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷共聚的其他烯属不饱和单体在所述有效载荷的存在下在油-水界面处聚合。
8.制备用官能化颗粒改性的基材的方法,所述方法包括用根据权利要求1所述的官能化颗粒或依照权利要求7所述的方法制备的官能化颗粒处理所述基材,使得所述官能化颗粒与所述基材化学结合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述基材为含有羟基基团或含有氮的纤维材料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述纤维材料为含有纤维素的纺织品纤维材料,特别是含有棉的纤维材料。
11.用官能化颗粒改性的基材,所述官能化颗粒依照根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的方法获得。
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