CN114698769A - 一种木耳黑色素的固定化方法及其在果冻制备中的应用 - Google Patents
一种木耳黑色素的固定化方法及其在果冻制备中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L21/00—Marmalades, jams, jellies or the like; Products from apiculture; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L21/10—Marmalades; Jams; Jellies; Other similar fruit or vegetable compositions; Simulated fruit products
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- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A23L29/256—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin from seaweeds, e.g. alginates, agar or carrageenan
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Abstract
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种木耳黑色素的固定化方法及其在果冻制备中的应用。包括如下步骤:1木耳黑色素提取;2以海藻酸钠为载体固定化木耳黑色素;3木耳黑色素果冻的制作。该方法解决了木耳黑色素溶解性差的问题,能够保持其天然色素的营养作用。本发明的果冻酸甜可口,细腻顺滑,满足大众对果冻的感官要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种以海藻酸钠为载体的木耳黑色素固定化方法及其在果冻制备中的应用。
背景技术
木耳是我国珍贵的药食兼用菌,营养丰富,含有丰富的黑色素。木耳黑色素易溶于碱性溶液,不溶于水、酸和常见的有机试剂;是一类由酚或吲哚化合物聚合氧化而成的高分子聚合物,一般呈黑色或褐色;有研究表明其具有抗氧化、抗辐射、抑菌抗病毒、提高人体免疫力等保健作用。木耳黑色素作为一种天然色素,安全无毒,且对人体具有许多保健功能,在食品、化工、药理等方面具有广泛的开发应用潜力。
果冻作为一种休闲食品,深受青年人的青睐。随着我国国民经济的不断发展,人民生活水平的不断提高,人们对果冻的要求也越来越高,不但要求美味可口,安全健康,而且应有一定的营养保健功能。目前市面上保健果冻种类虽然多,但没有以黑木耳为原料的果冻产品。因此研制以黑木耳为原料,木耳黑色素为营养物质兼顾口感的果冻产品,既满足消费者的需求,也符合消费市场的需要。
如何将不溶于水和酸性溶液且易溶于碱性溶液的木耳黑色素应用在果冻产品中是需要解决的难题。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供了一种固定化黑木耳黑色素的方法,该方法制备的固定化木耳黑色素相容性好、稳定性高、安全无毒、载量大,解决了黑木耳黑色素不溶于水的问题;以及将固定化木耳黑色素应用于果冻制备中。该方法不仅可以保留木耳黑色素的营养,发挥其天然色素的作用,还可以满足消费者对果冻产品的感官要求。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种以海藻酸钠为载体的木耳黑色素的固定化方法,包括以下步骤:
1、木耳黑色素提取:采用超声波辅助法提取黑木耳黑色素;
(1)黑木耳原料预处理:黑木耳原料为干制品,使用粉碎机进行粉碎,过40~100目筛得黑木耳粉,于干燥条件下保存备用。
(2)超声波辅助法提取黑木耳黑色素工艺:取粉碎后过40~100目筛的黑木耳粉按照料液比1:15~35(g:mL),加入1mol/L NaOH溶液,超声破壁处理(功率100~300W,时间40~50min),4000~8000r/min离心20min取上清液,盐酸调节pH至2,沸水浴酸沉10~12h,4000~8000r/min离心20min取沉淀,沉淀先后用食用乙醇和蒸馏水洗涤,冻干得黑色素,于干燥条件下保存备用。
2、木耳黑色素碱性溶液的制备:先将步骤1提取的木耳黑色素完全溶解于0.5~1.0mol/L Na2CO3溶液使其达到饱和状态,再将溶液稀释为0.1~0.5mol/L Na2CO3溶液,且稀释前后Na2CO3溶液的浓度不相等;
3、以海藻酸钠为载体固定化木耳黑色素:
按木耳黑色素碱性溶液和载体溶胶(海藻酸钠溶液或海藻酸钠和卡拉胶混合溶液,海藻酸钠溶液的重量体积浓度为1~3%,海藻酸钠和卡拉胶混合溶液中海藻酸钠的重量体积浓度为1~2%,卡拉胶的的重量体积浓度为0~1%)体积比1:1~5的比例,将木耳黑色素碱性溶液和载体溶胶混合,搅拌均匀后用注射器将混合物慢慢滴入重量体积浓度1~10%氯化钙溶液中,固化60~120min,制成直径2~3毫米的微球,过滤,微球用无菌去离子水洗去表面的氯化钙溶液,得到固定化木耳黑色素凝胶微球,使用前保存在无菌去离子水中。
载体溶胶的制备方法具体为:将海藻酸钠1~3g或海藻酸钠1~2g和卡拉胶0~1g加热溶于100ml无菌去离子水中,制成载体溶胶。
上述木耳黑色素的固定方法制得的固定化木耳黑色素在果冻制备中的应用:所述木耳黑色素果冻的原料按质量分数计如下:卡拉胶0.5~1%、魔芋粉0.1~0.5%、白砂糖8~16%、柠檬酸0.1~0.3%、固定化木耳黑色素凝胶微球5~10%、果汁0~30%、海藻酸钠0.2~0.5%、香精0~0.4%、水41.3~86.1%。所述果汁为苹果汁、梨汁、葡萄汁中的任意一种。
所述木耳黑色素果冻的制备方法为,向水中加入卡拉胶、魔芋粉、白砂糖、固定化木耳黑色素凝胶微球、果汁、海藻酸钠、香精,杀菌冷却,最终得到木耳黑色素果冻样品;具体包括如下步骤:
A.将卡拉胶、魔芋粉、海藻酸钠和适量白砂糖搅拌均匀于水中充分溶胀20~40min,不要有结团,加热至沸腾使其完全溶解,得到胶液;
将余下的白砂糖放入果汁加热至沸腾;
B.将胶液和沸腾的果汁趁热混合均匀过滤,得到胶体滤液;
将胶体滤液温度降至70℃左右时,加入固定化木耳黑色素、香精、柠檬酸,灌装到果冻杯中封口,巴氏灭菌,冷却静置定型,得含有黑木耳黑色素的营养果冻。
C.包装,贴标签,得成品。
本发明的有益效果:本发明的木耳黑色素果冻,营养丰富,酸甜可口,口感细腻顺滑,天然健康,满足大众对果冻的感官要求,且制备方法新颖独特,原料简单易得;木耳黑色素具有抗氧化、抗辐射、抑菌抗病毒、提高人体免疫力等保健作用。本发明以木耳黑色素作为原料,经过海藻酸钠固定化处理,能够保持其天然色素的营养作用,解决了应用中木耳黑色素溶解性差的问题,为木耳黑色素的应用提供了一种方法。用本发明制作的果冻产品,不仅可以丰富黑木耳加工产品种类,拓展黑木耳的食用方式,也可以提高休闲果冻食品的营养价值。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
实施例1:葡萄汁木耳黑色素果冻的制备
产品配方:卡拉胶0.7%、魔芋粉0.2%、白砂糖8%、柠檬酸0.2%、固定化木耳黑色素凝胶微球5%、葡萄果汁30%、海藻酸钠0.4%、水55.5%。
(1)黑木耳原料预处理:黑木耳原料为干制品,使用粉碎机进行粉碎,过60目筛得黑木耳粉,于干燥条件下保存备用。
(2)超声波辅助法提取黑木耳黑色素工艺:取粉碎后过60目筛的黑木耳粉按照料液比1:20(g:mL),加入1mol/L NaOH溶液,超声破壁处理(功率300W,40min),4000r/min离心20min取上清液,盐酸调节pH至2,沸水浴酸沉10h,4000r/min离心20min取沉淀,沉淀先后用食用乙醇和蒸馏水洗涤,冻干得黑色素,于干燥条件下保存备用。
(3)木耳黑色素碱性溶液的制备:将0.2g木耳黑色素完全溶解于5ml 1mol/LNa2CO3溶液,再将此溶液稀释至20ml;
(4)以海藻酸钠为载体固定化木耳黑色素:
将海藻酸钠2g加热溶于100ml无菌去离子水中,制成载体溶胶,冷却;按体积比2:3的比例,将木耳黑色素碱性溶液和载体溶胶混合,搅拌均匀后用5ml注射器(配针规格0.6×25mm)将混合物慢慢滴入6%氯化钙溶液中,固化60min,制成直径2~3毫米的微球,过滤,微球用无菌去离子水洗去表面的氯化钙溶液,得到固定化木耳黑色素凝胶微球,使用前保存在无菌去离子水中。
(5)果冻的制备:
A.首先将卡拉胶、魔芋粉、海藻酸钠和半份白砂糖搅拌均匀于水中充分溶胀20~40min,不要有结团,加热至沸腾使其完全溶解;
将余下的半份白砂糖放入果汁加热至沸腾;
B.将胶液和果汁趁热混合均匀过滤,得到胶体滤液;
将胶体滤液温度降至70℃左右时,加入固定化木耳黑色素、香精、柠檬酸,灌装到果冻杯中封口,62~65℃持续30min灭菌,冷却静置定型,得含有木耳黑色素的营养果冻。
C.包装,贴标签,得成品。
实施例2
实施例2与实施例1不同之处在于固定化木耳黑色素的条件及果冻产品配方质量分数不同,其他条件均相同。
产品配方:卡拉胶0.6%、魔芋粉0.15%、白砂糖10%、柠檬酸0.15%、固定化木耳黑色素凝胶微球4%、葡萄果汁20%、海藻酸钠0.3%、水64.8%。
以海藻酸钠和卡拉胶为载体固定化木耳黑色素:将海藻酸钠1和卡拉胶1g加热溶于100ml无菌去离子水中,制成载体溶胶,冷却;按体积比1:2的比例,将木耳黑色素碱性溶液和载体溶胶混合,搅拌均匀后用5ml注射器(配针规格0.6×25mm)将混合物慢慢滴入4%氯化钙溶液中,固化60min,制成直径2~3毫米的微球,过滤,微球用无菌去离子水洗去表面的氯化钙溶液,得到固定化木耳黑色素凝胶微球,使用前保存在无菌去离子水中。
实施例3
实施例3与实施例1不同之处在于固定化木耳黑色素的条件及果冻产品配方质量分数不同,其他条件均相同。
产品配方:卡拉胶0.6%、魔芋粉0.2%、白砂糖12%、柠檬酸0.2%、固定化木耳黑色素凝胶微球6%、苹果汁25%、海藻酸钠0.4%、水55.6%。
以海藻酸钠为载体固定化木耳黑色素:
将海藻酸钠1.5g加热溶于100ml无菌去离子水中,制成载体溶胶,冷却;按体积比1:3的比例,将木耳黑色素碱性溶液和载体溶胶混合,搅拌均匀后用5ml注射器(配针规格0.6×25mm)将混合物慢慢滴入4%氯化钙溶液中,制成直径2~3毫米的微球,固化60min,过滤,微球用无菌去离子水洗去表面的氯化钙溶液,得到固定化木耳黑色素凝胶微球,使用前保存在无菌去离子水中。
实施例1~3制备的果冻颜色均匀一致,天然纯正,富有光泽;呈半透明状,不流散,无杂质;具有香气且香味纯正;酸甜可口,细腻顺滑。
本发明提供了一种木耳黑色素应用于果冻产品的方法,解决了其溶解性差的问题。用本发明制作的果冻可以满足消费者对果冻的感官要求。
Claims (7)
1.一种木耳黑色素的固定化方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)木耳黑色素提取:采用超声波辅助法提取黑木耳黑色素;
(2)木耳黑色素碱性溶液的制备:先将步骤(1)提取的木耳黑色素完全溶解于0.5~1.0mol/L Na2CO3溶液使其达到饱和状态,再将溶液稀释为0.1~0.5mol/L Na2CO3溶液,且稀释前后Na2CO3溶液的浓度不相等;
(3)以海藻酸钠为载体固定化木耳黑色素:按木耳黑色素碱性溶液和海藻酸钠溶液体积比1:1~5的比例,将步骤(2)的木耳黑色素碱性溶液和重量体积浓度1~3%的海藻酸钠溶液混合,搅拌均匀后滴入重量体积浓度1~10%氯化钙溶液中,固化60~120min,制成直径2~3毫米的胶珠,水洗,得到海藻酸钙固定化木耳黑色素凝胶微球。
2.根据权利要求1所述的木耳黑色素的固定化方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,取过40~100目筛的黑木耳粉末按照料液比1:15~35g:mL,加入1mol/L NaOH溶液,超声破壁处理,离心取上清液,盐酸调节pH至2,沸水浴酸沉10~12h,离心取沉淀,沉淀先后用乙醇和水洗涤,冻干得木耳黑色素;其中超声破壁处理的条件为:功率100~300W,时间40~50min。
3.根据权利要求2所述的木耳黑色素的固定方法,其特征在于:离心的条件为:4000~8000r/min离心20min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的木耳黑色素的固定化方法,其特征在于:将固定化木耳黑色素的载体海藻酸钠替换为海藻酸钠和卡拉胶,海藻酸钠和卡拉胶混合溶液中海藻酸钠的重量体积浓度为1~3%,卡拉胶的的重量体积浓度为0~1%。
5.权利要求1~4中任一项所述的木耳黑色素的固定化方法制得的固定化木耳黑色素在果冻制备中的应用,其特征在于:所述木耳黑色素果冻中各物质添加量的质量分数为:卡拉胶0.5~1%、魔芋粉0.1~0.5%、白砂糖8~16%、柠檬酸0.1~0.3%、固定化木耳黑色素凝胶微球5~10%、果汁0~30%、海藻酸钠0.2~0.5%、香精0~0.4%、水41.3~86.1%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于:所述果汁为苹果汁、梨汁、葡萄汁中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于:向水中加入卡拉胶、魔芋粉、白砂糖、固定化木耳黑色素凝胶微球、果汁、海藻酸钠、香精,杀菌冷却,最终得到木耳黑色素果冻样品。
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