CN114631459A - Method for quickly forming seedlings of paeonia suffruticosa seeds - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for quickly forming a seedling of a paeonia suffruticosa seed, which comprises the steps of selecting and pretreating the seed, breaking the dormancy (rooting) of a hypocotyl, breaking the dormancy (germination) of an epicotyl, growing the seedling on a greenhouse seedbed, managing and transplanting the seedling. The method comprises the steps of selecting Yunnan peony seeds which are naturally air-dried after being harvested in the current year, soaking the seeds in clear water for 9-15 days, mixing the seeds with river sand with the water content of 30-40%, placing the seeds in an artificial climate box (10-25 ℃) for 60-90 days, and keeping the humidity of the river sand in the period; after the root length of the rooted seeds reaches more than 2.5cm, using 200-400 ppm of GA3Soaking the solution for 2h, fishing out, draining, mixing with river sand again, and placing in a climatic chamber (10-25 ℃) for 10-15 days until seeds germinate; and uniformly managing the germinated seeds by sowing the seeds in a seedbed matrix of a greenhouse, and transplanting the seeds 8-9 months after sowing. The method has the advantages of high efficiency and rapid seedling formation, short seedling formation time, transplanting in the same year, regular seedling emergence, high seedling formation rate, good seedling growth vigor and the likeThe method lays a foundation for the industrialized rapid seedling raising technology of the post-oil peony.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant seed seedling culture, and particularly relates to a method for quickly forming seedlings of paeonia suffruticosa seeds.
Background
Paeonia suffruticosa (Paeonia delavayi) is a peony group plant of Paeonia of Paeoniaceae, belongs to a special wild peony resource in China, and is also a special rare germplasm resource in southwest China. The Paeonia suffruticosa has medicinal, ornamental and oil values. The medicine can be used as follows: root bark (cortex moutan) can be used for treating hematemesis, hematuria, bloody dysentery, dysmenorrhea, etc.; the root bark removed part (Yun Bai Shao) can be used for treating pain in chest, abdomen and hypochondrium, dysentery, abdominal pain, spontaneous perspiration and night sweat. The flower utensil is ornamental and gardening: the paeonia suffruticosa has abundant color variation, contains little yellow color in horticultural varieties, and can obtain yellow flower line cultivated varieties by a breeding means. The peony seed oil rich in unsaturated fatty acid can be squeezed from the fruits (seeds), and is an important peony resource for oil. Through years of wild resource investigation, the inventor discovers that wild species of the Yunnan peony are serious in pest occurrence and low in natural seed fertility, and the wild resources of the Yunnan peony are greatly damaged due to the fact that the artificial picking degree of flowers and fruits and the root (root bark) of the wild Yunnan peony are increased, and the damage degree is larger than the natural updating speed of the species, so that the number of the wild species is reduced sharply. Therefore, the research on the seed seedling breeding technology of the paeonia suffruticosa seeds is developed, the damage to wild resources of the paeonia suffruticosa can be effectively relieved, and a foundation can be laid for the development of the industrialized quick seedling raising technology of the paeonia suffruticosa in the future.
At present, people also make related researches on the breeding aspect of the Yunnan peony seedlings and make some research progresses. Patent CN 201611220146.2 discloses a rapid breeding method of paeonia suffruticosa, which employs asexual propagation (after digging from the root of paeonia suffruticosa, cutting the bud seedling from the lateral root and planting into seedling), but the method has the following two disadvantages: on one hand, the wild resources of the paeonia suffruticosa are rich in diversity, and not all the colonies have root-stripping phenomenon, so that bud seedlings are difficult to grow from lateral roots; on the other hand, the asexual propagation method has the advantages of fast seedling formation, low propagation coefficient and slow effect in industrial large-scale seedling propagation. Patent CN 201710681730.6 discloses a seed breeding method of Paeonia yunnanensis, which adopts a mode that seeds picked the same day are sowed the same day to carry out seed seedling culture, and is not suitable for large-scale seed picking and seedling breeding in production. A large number of researches show that the paeonia suffruticosa seeds have a double dormancy phenomenon in the germination process, so that in the seedling culture of the paeonia suffruticosa seeds, the problems of irregular seedling emergence (only sporadic seeds germinate in the first year and most seeds germinate in the second year) exist besides low emergence rate and seedling rate of the paeonia suffruticosa seeds, and transplanting can be carried out after seeding for at least two years in the seedling culture process of the paeonia suffruticosa seeds.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly forming seedlings of paeonia suffruticosa seeds, which can quickly form seedlings of the paeonia suffruticosa seeds under the condition of ensuring the seedling forming rate and the seedling forming quality, so that batch transplanting can be realized in the current year after sowing, and the seedling raising cost is reduced.
The invention provides a method for quickly forming seedlings of paeonia suffruticosa seeds, which comprises the following steps: selecting and pretreating seeds, breaking the dormancy (rooting) of hypocotyls, breaking the dormancy (germination) of epicotyls, raising seedlings and managing on a greenhouse seedbed, and transplanting seedlings.
Selecting and pretreating seeds: the selected paeonia suffruticosa seeds are naturally air-dried seeds which are harvested in the current year and subjected to pod removal, and the water content of the seeds is more than 20%. Soaking the paeonia suffruticosa seeds in clear water for 9-15 days, removing impurities in the seeds, fishing out the full seeds, soaking the seeds in a conventional bactericide solution for 1-2 hours for seed disinfection, washing the seeds with clear water for 1-2 times, and draining the water.
Break hypocotyl dormancy (rooting): mixing the soaked seeds with river sand with the water content of 30-40%, and placing the mixture in a climatic chamber (the illumination is 0 lx) with the temperature changing of 10-25 ℃ for 60-90 days, wherein the humidity of the river sand is kept by adding water.
Break of epicotyl dormancy (germination): after the root length of the seeds breaking the dormancy of the hypocotyls reaches more than 2.5cm, sorting the seeds, and using 200-400 ppm of GA3Soaking the solution for 2h, taking out, draining, mixing with river sand with the water content of 30-40%, and placing in a climatic chamber (illumination: 0 lx) with the temperature changing of 10-25 ℃ for 10-15 days until seeds germinate.
Seedling culture and management on a greenhouse seedbed: sowing the germinated seeds in 3-4 months, spraying water to wet the seedbed before sowing, uniformly spreading the seeds on the seedbed in the greenhouse, covering soil for 2-3 cm, and covering a layer of pine needles for moisturizing. And (3) watering the seedbed thoroughly in time on the day of sowing, wherein the watering frequency depends on the soil humidity of the seedbed, and the soil humidity is kept to be 50-60%.
Transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seeds 8-9 months after sowing, namely transplanting the seeds 11-12 months in the current year.
Preferably, the temperature of the artificial climate box (illumination: 0 lx) with the temperature varying from 10 ℃ to 25 ℃ for 24h is set as follows: 1.3h at 10 ℃, 1.1h at 12 ℃, 1.0h at 13 ℃, 0.9h at 14 ℃, 0.8h at 15 ℃, 0.6h at 16 ℃, 0.3h at 17 ℃, 0.3h at 17.5 ℃, 0.6h at 18 ℃, 0.8h at 19 ℃, 0.9h at 20 ℃, 1.0h at 21 ℃, 1.1h at 22 ℃, 1.3h at 24 ℃, 1.3h at 25 ℃, 1.1h at 23 ℃, 1.0h at 22 ℃, 0.9h at 21 ℃, 0.8h at 20 ℃, 0.6h at 19 ℃, 0.3h at 18 ℃, 0.3h at 17.5 ℃, 0.6h at 17 ℃, 0.8h at 16 ℃, 0.9h at 15 ℃, 1.0h at 14 ℃, 1.1h at 13 ℃ and 1.3h at 11 ℃.
Preferably, 300ppm GA is selected for the seed of Paeonia suffruticosa in breaking the epicotyl dormancy (germination)3Soaking seeds with root length more than 5cm for 2 h.
Preferably, when the dormancy of the hypocotyl is broken (rooting), the seeds need to be placed in a climatic chamber (illumination: 0 lx) with the temperature being changed from 10 ℃ to 25 ℃ for 60-90 days.
Preferably, the paeonia suffruticosa seeds are soaked in clear water for 9-15 days during seed pretreatment.
Preferably, the seedbed is selected in a greenhouse, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10-30 ℃.
Preferably, the selected seeds are naturally air-dried seeds harvested in the current year, and the water content is more than 20%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method has the advantages of high efficiency and quick seedling formation, short seedling formation time, regular seedling emergence, high seedling formation rate, good seedling growth vigor and the like.
The method is simple and convenient to operate, can be transplanted in the same year, is suitable for large-scale production and application, and solves the problems of long seedling transplanting period, low emergence rate in the first year, uneven seedling growth and the like caused by the existence of double dormancy in the seedling raising process of the paeonia suffruticosa seeds.
The method of the invention is adopted. After the soaked seeds and river sand are mixed and placed in a climatic chamber with a temperature changing of 10-25 ℃ for 90 days, the average rooting rate of the paeonia suffruticosa seeds is the highest and can reach 92.67%, and the average root length of the paeonia suffruticosa seeds is the highest and can reach 5.92 cm. With 300ppm GA3After the solution is soaked for 2 hours, the germination rate of the solution is highest when the solution is placed in a phytotron with the temperature varying from 10 ℃ to 25 ℃, wherein the germination rate is 95.42% when the root length is more than 2.5cm, and the germination rate is 97.78% when the root length is more than 5 cm.
The seedling rate of the first year can reach 98.33 percent, the plant height and the stem thickness are respectively 58.76cm and 11.06mm, which are higher than those of the seedlings cultured outside the greenhouse, and the seedling growing time is short, the seedlings can be transplanted in the same year by sowing, thereby greatly shortening the seedling culturing period, saving the seedling culturing cost, and the cultured seedlings are high, strong and good in growth vigor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing seeds of Paeonia suffruticosa with different root lengths according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the germination of seeds of Paeonia suffruticosa with different root lengths in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the essence of the present invention.
Example 1
The selected paeonia suffruticosa seeds are naturally air-dried seeds which are harvested in the current year and subjected to pod removal, and the water content of the seeds is more than 20%. Soaking the paeonia suffruticosa seeds in clear water for 9-15 days, removing impurities in the seeds, fishing out the full seeds, soaking the seeds in a conventional bactericide solution for 1-2 hours for seed disinfection, washing the seeds with clear water for 1-2 times, and draining the water. Mixing the soaked seeds with river sand with the water content of 30-40%, placing the mixture in artificial climate boxes (the illuminance is 0 lx) at different temperatures (5 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃ and 10-25 ℃) for 90 days, and keeping the humidity of the river sand by adding water during the period. 50 seeds were treated each, repeated 3 times, and the rooting rate and root length of the seeds were recorded.
Table 1 example 1 rooting rate and root length of paeonia suffruticosa seeds stored in artificial climate box under different temperatures
Note: rooting rate = (number of rooting/total number of seeds) × 100%
The experimental results in table 1 show that the average rooting rate of the paeonia suffruticosa seeds is the highest and reaches 92.67%, and the average root length of the paeonia suffruticosa seeds is the highest and reaches 5.92cm after the soaked seeds and river sand are mixed and placed in a climatic chamber with the temperature changing of 10-25 ℃ for 90 days.
Example 2
The selected paeonia suffruticosa seeds are naturally air-dried seeds which are harvested in the current year and subjected to pod removal, and the water content of the seeds is more than 20%. Soaking the paeonia suffruticosa seeds in clear water for 9-15 days, removing impurities in the seeds, fishing out the full seeds, soaking in a conventional bactericide solution for 1-2 hours for seed disinfection, washing with clear water for 1-2 times, and draining off water. Mixing the soaked seeds with river sand with the water content of 30-40%, and placing the mixture in a phytotron (illumination: 0 lx) with the temperature of 10-25 ℃ for 90 days, wherein the humidity of the river sand is kept by adding water. Sorting out the seeds with broken dormancy of hypocotyls according to root length, and classifying into 6 grades (i)>10 cm; 7.5-10 cm; ③ 5-7.5 cm; fourthly, 2.5-5 cm; fifthly, 0-2.5 cm; sixthly, 0 cm), and then respectively using different concentrations (200 ppm; ② 300 ppm; ③ 400 ppm) of a GAs-permeable membrane (GA)3Soaking the solution for 2h, taking out, draining, mixing with river sand with water content of 30-40%, and placing at different temperatures (15 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 25 deg.C, and 10-25 deg.C)) Artificial climate box (illuminance: 0 lx) for 10-15 days until the seeds germinate. Seeds were treated 20 per treatment, repeated 3 times and germination recorded.
TABLE 2 example 2 with 200ppm GA3Germination rate of solution-treated seeds
TABLE 3 example 2 with 300ppm GA3Germination rate of solution-treated seeds
TABLE 4 example 2 with 400ppm GA3Germination rate of solution-treated seeds
Note: germination rate = (germination number/total number of rooted seeds) × 100%
From Table 2, the root length>5cm of Yunnan peony seeds are treated with 200ppm of GA3After soaking in the solution for 2h, the solution is respectively placed in artificial climate boxes with different temperatures (15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃ and 10-25 ℃), and the germination rates are respectively as follows: 88.89%, 88.33%, 82.22% and 92.22%. Root length>2.5cm of Paeonia suffruticosa seed treated with 200ppm GA3After soaking in the solution for 2h, the solution is respectively placed in artificial climate boxes with different temperatures (15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃ and 10-25 ℃), and the germination rates are respectively as follows: 86.67%, 85.00%, 77.50%, 91.25%.
From Table 3, the root length>300ppm GA for 5cm Yunnan peony seeds3After soaking in the solution for 2h, the solution is respectively placed in artificial climate boxes with different temperatures (15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃ and 10-25 ℃), and the germination rates are respectively as follows: 89.44%, 87.92%, 78.89%, 97.78%. Root length of>2.5cm of Paeonia suffruticosa seed with 300ppm of GA3Soaking in the solution for 2 hr, and placing in artificial climate boxes at different temperatures(15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃ and 10-25 ℃) and the germination rates are respectively as follows: 87.92%, 73.75%, 95.42%.
From Table 4, the root length>400ppm GA for 5cm Yunnan peony seeds3After soaking in the solution for 2h, the solution is respectively placed in artificial climate boxes with different temperatures (15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃ and 10-25 ℃), and the germination rates are respectively as follows: 91.11%, 89.44%, 83.34%, 93.33%. Root length>2.5cm of Yunnan peony seeds are treated with 400ppm of GA3After soaking in the solution for 2h, the solution is respectively placed in artificial climate boxes with different temperatures (15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃ and 10-25 ℃), and the germination rates are respectively as follows: 88.75%, 87.50%, 78.75%, 91.67%.
In conclusion, the longer the root of the paeonia suffruticosa seed is, the higher the germination rate is. Longitudinal comparison of different GAs3Germination percentage of Paeonia yunnanensis seeds treated at concentration (200 ppm, 300ppm, 400 ppm) of 300ppm GA3After the solution is soaked for 2 hours, the germination rate is highest when the solution is placed in an artificial climate box with temperature changing of 10-25 ℃, wherein the germination rate is 95.42% when the root length is more than 2.5cm, and the germination rate is 97.78% when the root length is more than 5 cm.
Example 3
(1) The seedbed is selected in a greenhouse, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10-30 ℃. The matrix soil of the greenhouse seedbed is native red loam, mountain foundation soil and decomposed sheep manure which are mixed according to the ratio of 3:1: 1. Before seeding in the seedbed, conventional bactericide and insecticide are sprayed or uniformly mixed with the mountain foundation soil. After the seedbed is wetted by spraying water before sowing, uniformly scattering the germinated seeds obtained by the method in the embodiment 2 on the seedbed in a greenhouse, covering soil for 2-3 cm, and covering a layer of pine needles for moisturizing. And (3) watering the seedbed thoroughly in time on the day of sowing, wherein the watering frequency depends on the soil humidity of the seedbed, and the soil humidity is kept to be 50-60%.
(2) The seedbed is selected outside the greenhouse, and the test field is a beautiful test base of south street in ancient city of Lijiang city, Yunnan province, with the altitude of 2400 m. The matrix soil of the greenhouse seedbed is native red loam, mountain foundation soil and decomposed sheep manure which are mixed according to the ratio of 3:1: 1. Before seeding in the seedbed, conventional bactericide and insecticide are sprayed or uniformly mixed with the mountain foundation soil. After the seedbed is wetted by spraying water before sowing, uniformly scattering the germinated seeds obtained by the method in the embodiment 2 on the seedbed in a greenhouse, covering soil for 2-3 cm, and covering a layer of pine needles for moisturizing. In the day of sowing, the seedbed needs to be watered thoroughly in time, the watering frequency depends on the soil humidity of the seedbed, and the soil humidity is kept to be 50-60%.
The greenhouse is internally and externally provided with 3 times of repetition, and 100 germinated seeds are planted in each repetition. And recording the growth condition of the Yunnan peony seedlings.
TABLE 5 EXAMPLE 3 growth of Indocalamus and Exophiala peony seedlings in greenhouse
The results are compared in table 5, and comprehensive analysis on the seedling rate, the plant height, the stem thickness and the transplanting time shows that when the method is used for seedling in a greenhouse, the seedling rate of the seedling in the first year can reach 98.33%, the plant height and the stem thickness are respectively 58.76cm and 11.06mm, which are higher than those of seedlings grown outside the greenhouse, and the method has the advantages of short seedling growing time consumption, transplanting in the same year of sowing, greatly shortened seedling growing period, saved seedling growing cost, and high, strong and good growth vigor of the cultivated seedlings.
Claims (7)
1. A method for quickly forming seedlings of paeonia suffruticosa seeds comprises the following steps:
selecting and pretreating seeds: the method comprises the following steps of selecting Yunnan peony seeds, wherein the Yunnan peony seeds are harvested in the current year and naturally air-dried after fruit pods are removed, the water content of the seeds is more than 20%, soaking the Yunnan peony seeds in clear water for 9-15 d, removing impurities in the seeds, fishing out full seeds, soaking in a conventional bactericide solution for 1-2 h for seed disinfection, cleaning for 1-2 times with clear water, and draining;
break hypocotyl dormancy (rooting): mixing the soaked seeds with river sand with the water content of 30-40%, and placing the mixture in a climatic chamber (the illumination is 0 lx) with the temperature changing of 10-25 ℃ for 60-90 days, wherein water is added to keep the humidity of the river sand;
break of epicotyl dormancy (germination): after the root length of the seed breaking the dormancy of the hypocotyl reaches more than 5cm, the seed is processedThe materials are sorted out and are treated by GA with 200-400 ppm3Soaking the solution for 2h, taking out, draining, mixing with river sand with the water content of 30-40%, and placing in a climatic chamber (illumination: 0 lx) with the temperature changing of 10-25 ℃ for 10-15 days until seeds germinate;
seedling and management on a greenhouse seedbed: sowing germinated seeds in 3-4 months, spraying water to wet a seedbed before sowing, uniformly scattering the seeds on the seedbed in a greenhouse, covering soil for 2-3 cm, then covering a layer of pine needles for moisture preservation, watering the seedbed thoroughly in time on the day of sowing, and then watering for 50-60% of soil humidity according to the soil humidity of the seedbed;
transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seeds 8-9 months after sowing, namely transplanting the seeds 11-12 months in the current year.
2. The method for rapid seedling establishment of the paeonia suffruticosa seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of a 10-25 ℃ variable-temperature artificial climate box (illumination: 0 lx) for 24h is set as follows: 1.3h at 10 ℃, 1.1h at 12 ℃, 1.0h at 13 ℃, 0.9h at 14 ℃, 0.8h at 15 ℃, 0.6h at 16 ℃, 0.3h at 17 ℃, 0.3h at 17.5 ℃, 0.6h at 18 ℃, 0.8h at 19 ℃, 0.9h at 20 ℃, 1.0h at 21 ℃, 1.1h at 22 ℃, 1.3h at 24 ℃, 1.3h at 25 ℃, 1.1h at 23 ℃, 1.0h at 22 ℃, 0.9h at 21 ℃, 0.8h at 20 ℃, 0.6h at 19 ℃, 0.3h at 18 ℃, 0.3h at 17.5 ℃, 0.6h at 17 ℃, 0.8h at 16 ℃, 0.9h at 15 ℃, 1.0h at 14 ℃, 1.1h at 13 ℃ and 1.3h at 11 ℃.
3. The method for rapid seedling establishment of the paeonia suffruticosa seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein 200-400 ppm of GA is selected when the epicotyl dormancy (germination) of the paeonia suffruticosa seeds is broken3Soaking seeds with root length more than 2.5cm for 2 h.
4. The method for rapidly forming the seedlings of the paeonia suffruticosa seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeds are placed in an artificial climate box (illuminance: 0 lx) with the temperature varying from 10 ℃ to 25 ℃ for 60-90 days when the dormancy (rooting) of the hypocotyls is broken.
5. The method for rapid seedling establishment of the paeonia suffruticosa seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the paeonia suffruticosa seeds are soaked in clear water for 9-15 days during seed pretreatment.
6. The method for rapidly forming seedlings of the paeonia suffruticosa seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedbed is selected in a greenhouse, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10-30 ℃.
7. The method for rapidly growing seedlings of paeonia suffruticosa seeds according to claim 1, wherein the selected seeds are naturally air-dried seeds harvested in the current year, and the water content is more than 20%.
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| CN103843548A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-06-11 | 上海市上海中学 | Method used for quickly breaking dormancy of peony seed epicotyl |
| CN105309083A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-10 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | Paeonia rockii seed accelerating germination method |
| CN105766129A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-20 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for releasing dormancy of oil-used peony seeds |
| CN108990670A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-12-14 | 孙宝泉 | The efficient seeding growing seedlings method of Paeonia suffruticosa seed |
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- 2022-04-07 CN CN202210359553.0A patent/CN114631459B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103843548A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-06-11 | 上海市上海中学 | Method used for quickly breaking dormancy of peony seed epicotyl |
| CN105309083A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-10 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | Paeonia rockii seed accelerating germination method |
| CN105766129A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-20 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for releasing dormancy of oil-used peony seeds |
| CN108990670A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-12-14 | 孙宝泉 | The efficient seeding growing seedlings method of Paeonia suffruticosa seed |
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| 王小芳: "几种牡丹种子萌发的初步研究", 《硕士论文期刊》 * |
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