CN114467731A - Organic cultivation method for anoectochilus formosanus in sealed environment - Google Patents
Organic cultivation method for anoectochilus formosanus in sealed environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN114467731A CN114467731A CN202210180617.0A CN202210180617A CN114467731A CN 114467731 A CN114467731 A CN 114467731A CN 202210180617 A CN202210180617 A CN 202210180617A CN 114467731 A CN114467731 A CN 114467731A
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- 241000719836 Anoectochilus formosanus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000000529 probiotic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000934230 Anoectochilus roxburghii Species 0.000 claims description 31
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 10
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 10
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- 241000719837 Anoectochilus Species 0.000 description 4
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000218158 Clematis Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an organic cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus in a sealed environment, and aims to solve the problems of low yield and troublesome management of the anoectochilus formosanus in the prior art. An organic cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus in a sealed environment comprises the following steps: preparing a culture medium: uniformly mixing and stirring peat, vermiculite and perlite to obtain a mixed material A; sterilizing the mixed material A; adding probiotic liquid into sterile water, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed diluent, spraying the mixed diluent on the mixed material A, carrying out anaerobic fermentation, and obtaining a culture substrate after the fermentation is finished; the cultivation substrate is laid at the bottom of the transparent plastic sealing bag, the anoectochilus formosanus is planted in the transparent plastic sealing bag, and the upper end opening of the transparent plastic sealing bag is sealed. The transparent plastic sealing bag, the culture medium and the probiotics are matched for use, so that the synergistic effect is achieved, and the volume and the quality of each single plant of the anoectochilus formosanus are obviously higher than those of the anoectochilus formosanus in the conventional culture mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of anoectochilus formosanus cultivation, and particularly relates to an organic cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus in a sealed environment.
Background
In the process of cultivating the anoectochilus formosanus, the cultivation mode of the anoectochilus formosanus is mainly centralized to be planted in a cultivation disc, the cultivation mode is a cultivation mode with relatively high yield at present, but the problem of low yield still exists in the growth yield of the anoectochilus formosanus; in addition, what the gold thread lotus adopted is open cultivation environment in the cultivation dish, and the cultivation environment receives the influence of plant diseases and insect pests such as outside insect, bacterium easily, needs often to carry out disease and insect pest prevention and disease prevention fungus processing to gold thread lotus, and relatively extravagant manual work, the output of gold thread lotus also receives the influence of plant diseases and insect pests easily, in addition, because of spraying the pesticide and getting rid of the plant diseases and insect pests, has pesticide residue, influences gold thread lotus quality. Although the prior art also adopts a cultivation mode of a transparent plastic sealing bag, experiments prove that in the large-scale production process, complete sterile management in the transparent plastic sealing bag is difficult to achieve, and in a sealed high-temperature and high-humidity environment, bacteria remained in the air or not completely killed are easy to propagate in a large quantity, so that the anoectochilus formosanus suffers from serious pest and disease damage, and the method is shown in fig. 3 and 4.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an organic cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus in a sealed environment, and aims to solve the problems that the yield of the anoectochilus formosanus is low and the management is troublesome in the prior art.
An organic cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus in a sealed environment comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture medium:
(1.1) uniformly mixing and stirring 9-11 parts by volume of peat, 0.5-1.5 parts by volume of vermiculite and 2-4 parts by volume of perlite to obtain a mixed material A;
(1.2) sterilizing the mixed material A in a sterilizing pot at the temperature of 120-140 ℃ for 40-45 min;
(1.3) sealing the sterilized material A with a preservative film for later use;
(1.4) adding 10-13 parts by mass of probiotic liquid into 180 parts by mass of sterile water 160-193 parts by mass, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed diluent 170-193 parts by mass, and spraying the mixed diluent 170-193 parts by mass on the mixed material A480-520 parts by mass while stirring; carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the stirred mixture A for 15-30 days, and controlling the temperature to be 25-35 ℃ in the anaerobic fermentation process; obtaining a culture medium after fermentation;
the probiotic liquid comprises bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, gram-positive actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes;
(2) and (3) cultivating anoectochilus formosanus:
laying the culture medium obtained in the step (1) at the bottom of a transparent plastic sealing bag, planting the anoectochilus formosanus in the transparent plastic sealing bag, supporting the transparent plastic sealing bag by using a support frame to form an anoectochilus formosanus growth space in the transparent plastic sealing bag, and watering by using cool boiled water; then sealing the upper end opening of the transparent plastic sealing bag;
sealing the transparent plastic sealing bag, and lighting for 8 hr/day at 20-25 deg.C until the herba Anoectochili Roxburghii is harvested.
The further improved scheme is as follows: in the step (1.1), 10 parts by volume of peat, 1 part by volume of vermiculite and 3 parts by volume of perlite are mixed and stirred uniformly to obtain a mixed material A; in the step (2), the transparent plastic sealing bag is placed on a square tray, and then the culture substrate obtained in the step (1) is laid at the bottom of the transparent plastic sealing bag and compacted;
taking the anoectochilus formosanus tissue culture seedlings out of the seedling culture bottle, cleaning and sterilizing, dividing the seedlings into three groups of 1 bottle per bag, compacting, pouring root water, putting the seedlings into a support frame, lifting the transparent plastic sealing bag, taking down the square tray, and knotting and sealing the top of the transparent plastic sealing bag.
Based on the scheme, the square tray is taken down after the cultivation substrate is shaped, so that on one hand, the square tray is high in recycling degree and low in cost; on the other hand, the existing square tray is arranged in the transparent plastic sealing bag, and a small closed space or dead angle is easily generated between the existing square tray and the transparent plastic sealing bag, so that bacteria are easily bred, and plant diseases and insect pests are easily generated, so that the cultivation of the anoectochilus roxburghii in the whole transparent plastic sealing bag fails; compared with the prior art, the square tray is arranged on the outer side of the transparent plastic sealing bag, so that the problems cannot be caused. Mixing and stirring 10 parts by volume of peat, 1 part by volume of vermiculite and 3 parts by volume of perlite uniformly to obtain a mixed material A; the mixed material A adopts the formula and the proportion, so that the culture medium can not be loosened after being shaped and compacted by the square tray after being taken down.
The further improved scheme is as follows: the Anoectochilus roxburghii is Jinkang No. 1.
The further improved scheme is as follows: the support frame is two arch bars with downward openings, and the arch bars are arranged at the top in a crossed and vertical mode and are elastic.
The further improved scheme is as follows: in the step (1.4), the probiotic liquid is obtained by mixing and stirring a probiotic stock solution, a nutrient solution and sterile water, and performing closed fermentation and propagation.
The further improved scheme is as follows: in the step (1.4), the probiotic liquid is obtained by mixing and stirring 1-2 parts by mass of probiotic stock solution, 1-2 parts by mass of nutrient solution and 8-9 parts by mass of sterile water, and performing closed fermentation for 3-10 days.
The further improved scheme is as follows: the nutrient solution is brown sugar water.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the invention, a transparent plastic sealing bag is adopted to plant the anoectochilus roxburghii, the anoectochilus roxburghii is planted in a closed environment, and the substrate is prepared by adding a mixed diluent composed of bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes into a mixed material A which is obtained by uniformly mixing and stirring 9-11 parts by volume of peat, 0.5-1.5 parts by volume of vermiculite and 2-4 parts by volume of perlite. The transparent plastic sealing bag, the culture medium and the probiotics are matched for use, so that the synergistic effect is achieved, and the volume and the quality of each single plant of the anoectochilus formosanus are obviously higher than those of the anoectochilus formosanus in the conventional culture mode.
The cultivation substrate is added with bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, gram-positive actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes, so that on one hand, organic components in the substrate can be decomposed to promote growth of the anoectochilus formosanus, on the other hand, breeding of other bacteria in the transparent plastic sealing bag can be inhibited, and the anoectochilus formosanus can be subjected to sterilization treatment without opening the transparent plastic sealing bag in the whole cultivation process.
The culture medium is mainly composed of 9-11 parts by volume of peat, 0.5-1.5 parts by volume of vermiculite and 2-4 parts by volume of perlite, wherein the peat, the vermiculite and the perlite have good air permeability, the peat has better softness after absorbing water and expanding, and the vermiculite has good air and water permeability, so that the medium becomes loose and breathable, accumulated water is promoted to be discharged, and rotten roots are reduced; the perlite can loosen the internal structure of the matrix, so that the water, gas and fertilizer can be smoothly exchanged; the substrate has air permeability, so that when the clematis is cultivated in the step (2), all water required in the whole growth process of the clematis can be poured at one time, and the phenomenon of root rot can not occur.
The culture medium can always keep a wet state in the environment of a transparent plastic sealing bag, and the nutrient medium after water absorption and expansion is softer; the transparent plastic sealing bag does not need to be opened periodically for manual management such as watering and deinsectization, and no management is needed from the initial stage of the anoectochilus formosanus cultivation to the harvest stage, so that the labor is greatly saved. In addition, by adopting the sealed cultivation mode of the invention and combining the cultivation substrate and the probiotics of the invention, the volume of the single anoectochilus formosanus plant can be far larger than that of the single anoectochilus formosanus plant in the existing cultivation mode, the overall yield is far higher than that of the existing anoectochilus formosanus, and the sealed cultivation mode is suitable for large-scale cultivation.
The invention is suitable for the survival of bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, gram-positive actinomycetes and microzyme under the conditions of sealing, humidity and temperature, and after sterilization treatment, the probiotics is in an dominant position in competition with a small amount of harmful bacteria in a closed environment, and the probiotics can generate healthy substances for inhibiting the growth of the harmful bacteria on one hand and can generate a large amount of beneficial substances for promoting the growth of anoectochilus formosanus on the other hand. Particularly, the gram-positive actinomycetes have high water content in the matrix because water is fully poured at one time in the early stage of planting the anoectochilus formosanus, and are very beneficial to the gram-positive actinomycetes to generate a large amount of antibiotic substances for inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria and beneficial substances for promoting the growth of the anoectochilus formosanus.
In addition, the cultivation method of the invention does not need to spray pesticide, so that no pesticide residue exists, and the quality of the anoectochilus formosanus is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other relevant drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a view of Anoectochilus roxburghii cultivated by the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view showing how a transparent plastic bag is opened for Anoectochilus roxburghii cultivated by the method of cultivating Anoectochilus roxburghii of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of Anoectochilus roxburghii cultivated by the method of comparative example 3.
FIG. 4 shows Anoectochilus roxburghii cultivated by the method of comparative example 3, with the transparent plastic bag opened.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of Anoectochilus roxburghii cultivated by the method of comparative example 1.
FIG. 6 is a comparison of Anoectochilus roxburghii (right) cultivated by the method for cultivating Anoectochilus roxburghii of the present invention and Anoectochilus roxburghii (left) cultivated by the method of comparative example 1.
FIG. 7 is a comparison of Anoectochilus roxburghii (left) cultivated by the method for cultivating Anoectochilus roxburghii of the present invention and Anoectochilus roxburghii (right) cultivated by the method of comparative example 2.
FIG. 8 is a photograph of Anoectochilus roxburghii cultivated by the method of comparative example 4.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the invention without inventive step, are within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment provides an organic cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus in a sealed environment, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture medium:
(1.1) mixing and stirring 9-11 parts by volume of peat, 0.5-1.5 parts by volume of vermiculite and 2-4 parts by volume of perlite uniformly to obtain a mixed material A.
(1.2) sterilizing the mixed material A in a sterilizing pot at the temperature of 120-140 ℃ for 40-45 min;
(1.3) sealing the sterilized material A with a preservative film for later use;
(1.4) preparation of fermentation material:
(1.4) adding 10-13 parts by mass of probiotic liquid into 180 parts by mass of sterile water 160-193 parts by mass, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed diluent 170-193 parts by mass, and spraying the mixed diluent 170-193 parts by mass on the mixed material A480-520 parts by mass while stirring; carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the stirred mixture A for 15-30 days, and controlling the temperature to be 25-35 ℃ in the anaerobic fermentation process; obtaining a culture medium after fermentation;
the probiotic liquid comprises bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, gram-positive actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes.
(2) And (3) cultivating anoectochilus formosanus:
laying the culture medium obtained in the step (1) at the bottom of a transparent plastic sealing bag, planting the anoectochilus formosanus in the transparent plastic sealing bag, supporting the transparent plastic sealing bag by using a support frame to form an anoectochilus formosanus growth space in the transparent plastic sealing bag, and watering by using cool boiled water; then sealing the upper end opening of the transparent plastic sealing bag;
sealing the transparent plastic sealing bag, and lighting for 8 hr/day at 20-25 deg.C until the herba Anoectochili Roxburghii is harvested.
Wherein, peat, vermiculite and perlite can be purchased from the market, and the peat can be used as product peat; the probiotic liquid can be purchased in the market and can also be prepared by oneself; photosynthetic bacteria: harmful substances in the matrix can be converted into beneficial substances for the growth of the anoectochilus formosanus, and the growth of the anoectochilus formosanus in a sealed environment is vital. Yeast: beneficial substances that contribute to the growth of anoectochilus formosanus can be produced. Lactic acid bacteria: lactic acid can be produced by taking in substances such as sugars produced by photosynthetic bacteria and yeasts, and germs harmful to the growth of Anoectochilus roxburghii can be inhibited by lactic acid. Gram-positive actinomycetes: in a high-humidity environment, an antibiotic substance for inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria and a beneficial substance for promoting the growth of Anoectochilus roxburghii can be produced in a large amount. Bacillus: the antibacterial substance generated by the bacillus can prevent and treat various anoectochilus formosanus diseases; the bacillus has the biological activities of dissolving phosphorus, potassium, fixing nitrogen and the like, and is beneficial to improving the yield of anoectochilus formosanus.
On the basis of the scheme, in the step (1.1), 10 parts by volume of peat, 1 part by volume of vermiculite and 3 parts by volume of perlite are mixed and stirred uniformly to obtain a mixed material A; in the step (2), the transparent plastic sealing bags are placed on a square tray, and then the culture substrate obtained in the step (1) is laid at the bottoms of the transparent plastic sealing bags and compacted.
Taking the anoectochilus formosanus tissue culture seedlings out of the seedling culture bottle, cleaning and sterilizing, dividing the seedlings into three groups of 1 bottle per bag, compacting, pouring root water, putting the seedlings into a support frame, lifting the transparent plastic sealing bag, taking down the square tray, and knotting and sealing the top of the transparent plastic sealing bag. The top of the transparent plastic sealing bag can be sealed by knotting a binding band or a locking ring and the like.
Based on the scheme, the square tray is taken down after the cultivation substrate is shaped, so that on one hand, the square tray is high in recycling degree and low in cost; on the other hand, square tray setting current relatively produces inclosed little space or dead angle between square tray and the transparent plastic sealing bag in the transparent plastic sealing bag, breeds the bacterium easily, produces the plant diseases and insect pests, leads to the gold thread lotus cultivation failure in the whole transparent plastic sealing bag. Mixing and stirring 10 parts by volume of peat, 1 part by volume of vermiculite and 3 parts by volume of perlite uniformly to obtain a mixed material A; the mixed material A adopts the formula and the proportion, so that the culture medium can not be loosened after being shaped and compacted by the square tray after being taken down.
On the basis of the scheme, the anoectochilus formosanus is Jinkang No. 1.
On the basis of the scheme, the supporting frame is two arch-shaped rods with downward openings, and the arch-shaped rods are arranged in a crossed and vertical mode at the tops and are elastic.
On the basis of the scheme, in the step (1.4), the probiotic liquid is obtained by mixing and stirring a probiotic stock solution, a nutrient solution and sterile water, and performing closed fermentation and propagation. A specific scheme is as follows: the probiotic liquid is obtained by mixing and stirring 1-2 parts by mass of probiotic stock solution, 1-2 parts by mass of nutrient solution and 8-9 parts by mass of sterile water, and performing closed fermentation for 3-10 days. Wherein the nutrient solution is brown sugar water.
The cultivation method of Anoectochilus roxburghii of the invention is further explained by combining the experiment as follows:
the cultivation method of the invention comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a culture medium:
1.1, uniformly mixing and stirring 10 parts by volume of pini peat, 1 part by volume of vermiculite and 3 parts by volume of perlite to obtain a mixed material A;
1.2 sterilizing the mixed material A for 40min at the temperature of 130 ℃ in a sterilizing pot;
1.3 sealing the sterilized material A with a preservative film for later use;
1.4, preparing a fermentation material:
1.4.1 mixing 1kg of probiotic stock solution (the probiotic stock solution comprises bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes; can be purchased from the market), 1kg of brown sugar water and 8kg of sterile water, stirring to obtain 10kg of probiotic liquid, and carrying out closed fermentation on the probiotic liquid for 5 days;
1.4.2 adding 10kg of probiotic liquid into 170kg of sterile water, uniformly stirring to obtain 180kg of mixed diluent, and then spraying 180kg of mixed diluent on 500kg of mixed material A while stirring; carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the stirred mixed material A for 20 days, and controlling the temperature to be 30 ℃ in the anaerobic fermentation process; and obtaining the culture medium after fermentation.
2. And (3) cultivating anoectochilus formosanus:
placing transparent plastic sealing bags on a square tray, laying the culture medium obtained in the step 1 at the bottom of the transparent plastic sealing bags and compacting, taking the Jinkang No. 1 anoectochilus roxburghii tissue culture seedlings out of a seedling culture bottle, cleaning and sterilizing, dividing the bags into three groups of seeds, compacting, pouring root water, placing into a support frame, lifting the transparent plastic sealing bags, taking the square tray down, and tying and sealing the tops of the transparent plastic sealing bags;
sealing transparent plastic sealing bags, storing in room with 2 tubes per row, illuminating for 8 hr/day at 20-25 deg.C until the herba Anoectochili Roxburghii is harvested.
Comparative example 1:
taking the Jinkang No. 1 anoectochilus roxburghii tissue culture seedling out of the seedling culture bottle and planting the seedling in a culture medium of a culture disc, wherein probiotics are not added in the culture medium, the seedling is cultured in an open environment, pesticides are periodically applied to the seedling culture medium for deinsectization and sterilization, and the culture medium and other culture conditions are the same as those of the culture medium.
Comparative example 2:
after the cultivation is carried out for a period of time under the cultivation conditions of the cultivation method, the seedlings are transplanted into a cultivation pot and cultivation is continued.
Comparative example 3:
the cultivation conditions of the cultivation method are the same as the cultivation conditions of the cultivation method, the Jinkang No. 1 anoectochilus roxburghii tissue culture seedling is planted in the transparent plastic sealed bag, but no probiotics are added, and the rest conditions are the same as the cultivation conditions of the cultivation method.
Comparative example 4:
the same as the cultivation conditions of the cultivation method of the invention, the Jinkang No. 1 anoectochilus roxburghii tissue culture seedling is planted in the transparent plastic sealing bag; however, the culture medium of the comparative example adopts the combination of peat and peanut shells according to the mass ratio of 2: 1: and the substrate is added with probiotics, and the rest is the same as the cultivation conditions of the invention.
The experimental results are as follows:
the comparative example 1 is a relatively conventional cultivation mode in the prior art, and the experiments show that compared with the comparative example 1, the cultivation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the pest and disease damage can be reduced by adopting the combination of bagging and probiotics, the volume of a single plant is relatively large, the overall yield is relatively high, and the labor cost is relatively low; as shown in fig. 1, 2, 5 and 6; in addition, when pesticides are used for removing plant diseases and insect pests, pesticide residues are generated, and the quality of the anoectochilus formosanus is affected.
The comparative example 2 is that the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud is firstly cultured for a period of time on the basis of the culture method, and then is transplanted to an open environment for culture, so that the probiotics are in a weak position in competition and are not beneficial to the growth of the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud due to the fact that the probiotics are influenced by a large amount of bacteria coming from the outside, and the single plant volume of the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud is smaller than that of the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud cultured by the culture method; as shown in fig. 7.
Comparative example 3 is planting in the transparent plastic sealed bag, but does not add probiotics, and it can be seen that even after the sterilization treatment, the bacteria remained in the air or in the transparent plastic sealed bag provide a more favorable environment for the propagation of harmful bacteria in the sealed, high-temperature, humid environment; because the absolute sterile environment in the transparent plastic sealing bag cannot be guaranteed by large-scale cultivation, the anoectochilus formosanus can be seriously affected by plant diseases and insect pests, so that the yield is low, and the method is not suitable for large-scale production, as shown in fig. 3 and 4.
Compared with the scheme of the invention, the method changes the culture substrate, the changed culture substrate has poorer hydrophobic and air-permeable effects compared with the scheme of the invention, and the changed substrate is more beneficial to the survival of harmful bacteria reproduction, so that the cultivation of anoectochilus formosanus fails, and detailed figure 8 shows that.
The experiments show that the single sealed cultivation is not added with probiotics or the open cultivation mode has smaller single plant volume, is easily influenced by germs and has lower yield compared with the cultivation method of the invention. According to the cultivation method, the bagging cultivation mode not only provides an ideal cultivation environment for the anoectochilus formosanus, but also provides an ideal living environment for probiotics; the probiotics can inhibit pathogenic bacteria remaining in the air or in the transparent plastic sealing bag, and the probiotics are in an advantage position in competition, and on the other hand, the probiotics can secrete substances for promoting the growth of the anoectochilus roxburghii, and are matched with an ideal cultivation environment, so that the volume of a single plant is increased, the yield is improved, and the method is very suitable for large-scale cultivation and production.
The invention is not limited to the above alternative embodiments, and any other various forms of products can be obtained by anyone in the light of the present invention, but any changes in shape or structure thereof, which fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims, fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An organic cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus in a sealed environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture medium:
(1.1) uniformly mixing and stirring 9-11 parts by volume of peat, 0.5-1.5 parts by volume of vermiculite and 2-4 parts by volume of perlite to obtain a mixed material A;
(1.2) sterilizing the mixed material A in a sterilizing pot at the temperature of 120-140 ℃ for 40-45 min;
(1.3) sealing the sterilized material A with a preservative film for later use;
(1.4) adding 10-13 parts by mass of probiotic liquid into 180 parts by mass of sterile water 160-193 parts by mass, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed diluent 170-193 parts by mass, and spraying the mixed diluent 170-193 parts by mass on the mixed material A480-520 parts by mass while stirring; carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the stirred mixture A for 15-30 days, and controlling the temperature to be 25-35 ℃ in the anaerobic fermentation process; obtaining a culture medium after fermentation;
the probiotic liquid comprises bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, gram-positive actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes;
(2) and (3) cultivating anoectochilus formosanus:
laying the culture medium obtained in the step (1) at the bottom of a transparent plastic sealing bag, planting the anoectochilus formosanus in the transparent plastic sealing bag, supporting the transparent plastic sealing bag by using a support frame to form an anoectochilus formosanus growth space in the transparent plastic sealing bag, and watering by using cool boiled water; then sealing the upper end opening of the transparent plastic sealing bag;
sealing the transparent plastic sealing bag, and lighting for 8 hr/day at 20-25 deg.C until the herba Anoectochili Roxburghii is harvested.
2. The method for organically cultivating Anoectochilus roxburghii in a sealed environment according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1.1), 10 volume parts of peat, 1 volume part of vermiculite and 3 volume parts of perlite are mixed and stirred uniformly to obtain a mixture A; in the step (2), the transparent plastic sealing bag is placed on a square tray, and then the culture substrate obtained in the step (1) is laid at the bottom of the transparent plastic sealing bag and compacted;
taking the anoectochilus formosanus tissue culture seedlings out of the seedling culture bottle, cleaning and sterilizing, dividing the seedlings into three groups of 1 bottle per bag, compacting, pouring root water, putting the seedlings into a support frame, lifting the transparent plastic sealing bag, taking down the square tray, and knotting and sealing the top of the transparent plastic sealing bag.
3. The method for organically cultivating Anoectochilus roxburghii in a sealed environment according to claim 1, wherein the Anoectochilus roxburghii is Jinkang No. 1.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the support frame is two downwardly-opening arched rods, and the arched rods are perpendicularly crossed at the top and are elastic.
5. The method for organically cultivating Anoectochilus roxburghii in a sealed environment according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1.4), the probiotic liquid is obtained by mixing and stirring a probiotic stock solution, a nutrient solution and sterile water, and performing closed fermentation propagation.
6. The method for organically cultivating Anoectochilus roxburghii in sealed environment as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step (1.4), the probiotic liquid is obtained by mixing and stirring 1-2 parts by mass of probiotic stock solution, 1-2 parts by mass of nutrient solution and 8-9 parts by mass of sterile water, and then performing closed fermentation for 3-10 days.
7. The method for organically cultivating Anoectochilus roxburghii in a sealed environment according to claim 5, wherein the nutrient solution is brown sugar water.
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