CN114436754B - 一种有机化合物及其应用 - Google Patents

一种有机化合物及其应用 Download PDF

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CN114436754B
CN114436754B CN202210107870.3A CN202210107870A CN114436754B CN 114436754 B CN114436754 B CN 114436754B CN 202210107870 A CN202210107870 A CN 202210107870A CN 114436754 B CN114436754 B CN 114436754B
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unsubstituted
substituted
organic compound
branched alkyl
heteroaryl
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CN114436754A (zh
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邓东阳
刘营
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Wuhan Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
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Wuhan Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种有机化合物及其应用,所述有机化合物具有如式I所示结构,通过分子结构的设计,使其具有适宜的HOMO和LUMO能级,单线态能级较高,光电性能优异,且具有较高的玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性,容易形成良好的无定形薄膜,适于OLED器件的加工和应用。所述有机化合物用于OLED器件,可作为发光层材料、电子传输材料或空穴阻挡材料,尤其适用于发光层主体材料,能够有效提高器件发光效率,改善器件的稳定性、提升寿命,并降低工作电压和能耗,使OLED器件在发光效率、寿命和能耗等综合性能方面获得显著提高。

Description

一种有机化合物及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于有机电致发光材料技术领域,具体涉及一种有机化合物及其应用。
背景技术
与传统的无机电致发光技术相比,有机电致发光(organicelectroluminescence,OLE)技术作为新一代显示技术,具有超薄、自发光、视角宽、响应快、发光效率高、温度适应性好、生产工艺简单、驱动电压低、能耗低等优点,已被广泛应用于平板显示、柔性显示、固态照明和车载显示等行业。
有机电致发光技术的核心在于有机电致发光材料,有机电致发光材料按照发光机理可分为电致荧光和电致磷光两种,电致荧光是单重态激子的辐射衰减跃迁,电致磷光则是三重态激子辐射衰减到基态所发射的光。根据自旋量子统计理论,单重态激子和三重态激子的形成概率比例是1:3。电致荧光材料的内量子效率不超过25%,外量子效率普遍低于5%;电致磷光材料的内量子效率理论上达到100%,外量子效率可达20%。1998年,吉林大学的马於光教授和美国普林斯顿大学的Forrest教授分别报道了采用锇配合物和铂配合物作为染料掺杂入发光层,第一次成功得到并解释了磷光电致发光现象,并开创性地将所制备磷光材料应用于有机电致发光器件(OLED器件)。
由于磷光重金属材料有较长的寿命,可达到μs级别,在高电流密度下,可能导致三线态-三线态湮灭和浓度淬灭,造成器件性能衰减,因此通常将重金属磷光材料掺杂到合适的主体材料中,形成一种主客体掺杂体系,使得能量传递最优化,发光效率和寿命最大化。在目前的研究现状中,重金属掺杂材料商业化已成熟,很难开发可替代的掺杂材料。因此,把重心放在研发高性能主体材料是研究者们共通的思路。
随着显示技术的不断发展,人们对OLED器件的光电性质提出了更高的要求,但是,目前使用的主体材料在发光性能、稳定性、工作寿命、加工性等方面还存在很多不足之处,难以满足高性能OLED器件的性能要求。因此,开发更多种类、更高性能的有机电致发光材料,是本领域亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
为了开发更多种类、更高性能的有机电致发光材料,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种有机化合物,所述有机化合物具有如式I所示结构:
式I中,L选自单键、取代或未取代的C6-C30亚芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30亚杂芳基中的任意一种。
式I中,A选自取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30杂芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基酮基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基砜基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基硼基中的任意一种。
式I中,R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立地选自卤素、氰基、取代或未取代的C1-C30直链或支链烷基、取代或未取代的C3-C30环烷基、取代或未取代的C1-C30烷氧基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30杂芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳胺基中的任意一种。
式I中,n1、n2、n3各自独立地选自0-4的整数,例如可以为0、1、2、3或4。
式I中,n4选自0-6的整数,例如可以为0、1、2、3、4、5或6。
本发明提供的有机化合物具有式I所示结构,通过分子结构的特殊设计,使所述有机化合物具有适宜的HOMO和LUMO能级,单线态能级较高,光电性能优异,而且具有较高的玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性,容易形成良好的无定形薄膜,适于OLED器件的加工和使用。所述有机化合物用于OLED器件,可作为发光层材料、电子传输材料或空穴阻挡材料,尤其适于作为发光层的主体材料,能够与相邻层材料的能级相匹配,有效地传输电子,将空穴和激子限制在发光区,利于扩宽发光区域,提升器件发光效率和寿命,降低器件的电压和能耗。
本发明中,所述卤素均可以为F、Cl、Br或I。
本发明中,所述C6-C30均可以为C6、C8、C9、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等。
本发明中,所述C3-C30均可以为C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C9、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等。
本发明中,所述C1-C30均可以为C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C9、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种OLED器件,所述OLED器件包括阳极、阴极以及设置于所述阳极和阴极之间的有机薄膜层,所述有机薄膜层包括至少一种如目的之一所述的有机化合物。
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种显示面板,所述显示面板包括如目的之二所述的OLED器件。
本发明的目的之四在于提供一种电子设备,所述电子设备包括如目的之二所述的OLED器件或如目的之三所述的显示面板中的至少一种。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供的有机化合物具有式I所示的结构,通过分子结构的设计,使其具有适宜的HOMO和LUMO能级,单线态能级较高,光电性能优异,且具有较高的玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性,容易形成良好的无定形薄膜,适于OLED器件的加工和应用。所述有机化合物用于OLED器件,可作为发光层材料、电子传输材料或空穴阻挡材料,尤其适用于发光层主体材料,能够有效提高器件发光效率,改善器件的稳定性、提升寿命,并降低工作电压和能耗,使OLED器件在发光效率、寿命和能耗等综合性能方面获得显著提高。
附图说明
图1为本发明一个实施方式中提供的OLED器件的结构示意图;
图2为本发明另一实施方式中提供的OLED器件的结构示意图;
其中,110-阳极,120-第一有机薄膜层,121-第一空穴传输层,122-第二空穴传输层,130-发光层,140-第二有机薄膜层,141-第一电子传输层,142-第二电子传输层,150-阴极,160-基板,170-盖帽层。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供一种有机化合物,所述有机化合物具有如式I所示结构:
式I中,L选自单键、取代或未取代的C6-C30亚芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30亚杂芳基中的任意一种;当L为单键时,代表基团A与骨架结构通过单键直接相连。
式I中,A选自取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30杂芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基酮基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基砜基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基硼基中的任意一种。
式I中,R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立地选自卤素、氰基、取代或未取代的C1-C30直链或支链烷基、取代或未取代的C3-C30环烷基、取代或未取代的C1-C30烷氧基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30杂芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳胺基中的任意一种。
式I中,n1、n2、n3各自独立地选自0-4的整数,例如可以为0、1、2、3或4。
式I中,n4选自0-6的整数,例如可以为0、1、2、3、4、5或6。
本发明提供的有机化合物具有式I所示结构,其以含螺大环结构作为中心骨架,搭配基团A(所述A与中心骨架通过作为Linker的L连接),并与可选地R1、R2、R3、R4进行复配,使所述有机化合物的具有适宜的HOMO和LUMO能级,单线态能级较高(ES>2.75eV),光电性能优异。所述有机化合物用于OLED器件,可作为发光层材料、电子传输材料或空穴阻挡材料,尤其适用于发光层的主体材料,能够与相邻层材料的能级相匹配,有效地传输电子,将空穴和激子限制在发光区,利于扩宽发光区域,使OLED器件的发光效率更高,工作寿命显著延长,工作电压和能耗降低。
具体而言,所述有机化合物通过分子结构的设计,其LUMO能级较深,有利于电子的顺利注入,从而降低器件的工作电压;同时其具有合适的HOMO能级,能够阻挡空穴,将空穴限制在发光区与电子进行复合,有利于扩宽发光复合区域,提升器件发光效率;而且,所述有机化合物具有良好的热稳定性和成膜性,容易形成良好的无定形薄膜,有利于提高器件的稳定性,进而延长器件寿命。
本发明中,所述卤素均可以为F、Cl、Br或I。
本发明中,Ca-Cb的表达方式代表该基团具有的碳原子数为a-b,若无特殊说明,该碳原子数不包括取代基的碳原子数。
本发明中,所述C6-C30均可以为C6、C8、C9、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等。
本发明中,对于化学元素的表述包含化学性质相同的同位素的概念,例如,氢(H)则包括1H(氕)、2H(氘,D)、3H(氚,T)等;碳(C)则包括12C、13C等。
本发明中,所述C3-C30均可以为C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C9、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等。
本发明中,所述C1-C30均可以为C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C9、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等。
具体地,所述C6-C30芳基可以为C6、C8、C9、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等的芳基;示例性地包括但不限于:苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、茚基、芴基及其衍生物(9,9-二甲基芴基、9,9-二乙基芴基、9,9-二苯基芴基、9,9-二萘基芴基、螺二芴基、苯并芴基等)、荧蒽基、三亚苯基、芘基、苝基、基或并四苯基等。
所述C3-C30杂芳基可以为C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C9、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等的杂芳基,其中的杂原子包括O、S、N、P或B等;示例性地包括但不限于:呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、噌啉基、邻菲罗啉基、咪唑基、噻唑基、恶唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并恶唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、吲哚基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、咔唑基及其衍生物(N-苯基咔唑基、N-萘基咔唑基、苯并咔唑基、二苯并咔唑基、吲哚并咔唑基、氮杂咔唑基等)等。
本发明所述C6-C30(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等)亚芳基的具体示例,可以为上述芳基中去掉一个氢原子而得到的二价基团;所述C3-C30(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等)亚杂芳基的具体示例,可以为上述杂芳基中去掉一个氢原子而得到的二价基团。
本发明中,所述C6-C30(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等)芳基酮基的具体示例,为与上述列举的芳基相连形成的一价基团;所述C6-C30(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等)芳基砜基的具体示例,为/>与上述列举的芳基相连形成的一价基团;虚线代表基团的连接位点。
本发明中,所述C6-C30(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等)芳基硼基的具体示例,为-BH3中的至少一个H被上述列举的芳基取代而形成的一价基团;所述C6-C30(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等)芳胺基的具体示例,为-NH3中的至少一个H被上述列举的芳基取代而形成的一价基团。
本发明中,所述C1-C30直链或支链烷基可以为C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C9、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等的直链或支链烷基,示例性地包括但不限于:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、正己基、正辛基、正庚基、正壬基、正癸基等。
所述C1-C30(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C9、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等)烷氧基的具体示例,为O与上述列举的直链或支链烷基相连形成的一价基团。
本发明中,所述C3-C30环烷基可以为C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C9、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26或C28等的环烷基;示例性地包括但不限于:环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、金刚烷基等。
本发明中,n1、n2、n3、n4分别代表取代基R1、R2、R3、R4的个数;当n1、n2、n3、n4为≥2的整数时,多个(至少2个)取代基为相同或不同的基团。
本发明中,所述“取代或未取代”的基团,可以取代有一个取代基,也可以取代有多个取代基,当取代基为多个(至少2个)时,多个(至少2个)为相同或不同的基团;取代基可以连接在基团中任意可以连接的位置。下文涉及到相同的表达方式时,均具有同样的含义。
在一个实施方式中,L、A、R1、R2、R3、R4中所述取代的取代基各自独立地选自卤素、氰基、未取代或R'取代的C1-C10(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)直链或支链烷基、C3-C10(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)环烷基、未取代或R'取代的C1-C10(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)烷氧基、未取代或R'取代的C6-C20(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)芳基、未取代或R'取代的C3-C20(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)杂芳基、未取代或R'取代的C6-C20(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)芳胺基中的至少一种。
R'选自卤素、氰基、C1-C6(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5或C6)直链或支链烷基、C6-C12(例如C6、C9、C10或C12等)芳基或C3-C12(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C9、C10或C12等)杂芳基中的至少一种。
在一个实施方式中,所述L选自单键、取代或未取代的C6-C20(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)亚芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C20(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)亚氮杂芳基中的任意一种。
L中所述取代的取代基各自独立地选自氰基、未取代或卤代的C1-C6(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5或C6)直链或支链烷基、C6-C12(例如C6、C9、C10或C12等)芳基或C3-C12(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C9、C10或C12等)杂芳基中的至少一种。
在一个实施方式中,所述L选自单键、 中的任意一种;其中,虚线代表基团的连接位点。
在一个实施方式中,所述A选自如下基团中的任意一种:
其中,虚线代表基团的连接位点;
R11、R12各自独立地选自氢、卤素、氰基、未取代或R'取代的C1-C10(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)直链或支链烷基、C3-C10(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)环烷基、未取代或R'取代的C1-C10(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)烷氧基、未取代或R'取代的C6-C20(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)芳基、未取代或R'取代的C3-C20(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)杂芳基中的任意一种。
R13、R14各自独立地选自卤素、氰基、未取代或R'取代的C1-C10(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)直链或支链烷基、C3-C10(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)环烷基、未取代或R'取代的C1-C10(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)烷氧基、未取代或R'取代的C6-C20(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)芳基、未取代或R'取代的C3-C20(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)杂芳基中的任意一种。
R'选自卤素、氰基、C1-C6(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5或C6)直链或支链烷基、C6-C12(例如C6、C9、C10或C12等)芳基或C3-C12(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C9、C10或C12等)杂芳基中的至少一种。
U1或CR15R16
U2为CR15R16
U3为O、S或NR17
R15、R16、R17各自独立地选自C1-C10(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)直链或支链烷基、C6-C20(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)芳基或C3-C20(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)杂芳基中的任意一种。
L11选自单键或C6-C20(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)亚芳基中的任意一种;当L11为单键时,代表B原子与式I中的L直接相连。
m1、m2各自独立地选自0-3的整数,例如可以为0、1、2或3。
在一个实施方式中,所述R11、R12各自独立地选自氢、氰基、C1-C6(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5或C6)直链或支链烷基、未取代或R'取代的苯基、未取代或R'取代的萘基、未取代或R'取代的的吡啶基、未取代或R'取代的嘧啶基、未取代或R'取代的吡嗪基、未取代或R'取代的喹啉基、未取代或R'取代的异喹啉基、未取代或R'取代的喹喔啉基、未取代或R'取代的喹唑啉基中的任意一种;R'选自氰基、C1-C6(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5或C6)直链或支链烷基、苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基或吡嗪基中的至少一种。
在一个实施方式中,所述A为吸电子性的基团,示例性地包括但不限于:含有卤代基团和/或氰基的C6-C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30含N杂芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基酮基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基砜基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基硼基。
在另一实施方式中,所述A为供电子性的基团,示例性地包括但不限于:咔唑基及其衍生物(N-苯基咔唑基、N-萘基咔唑基、苯并咔唑基、二苯并咔唑基、吲哚并咔唑基等)、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基等。
在一个实施方式中,所述A选自如下基团中的任意一种:
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其中,RA1选自氰基、C1-C6直链或支链烷基、苯基、吡啶基、联苯基、萘基、 中的任意一种;虚线代表基团的连接位点。
在一个实施方式中,所述R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立地选自未取代或卤代的C1-C10(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)直链或支链烷基、C3-C10(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)环烷基、未取代或卤代的C1-C10(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)烷氧基、取代或未取代的C6-C20(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C20(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)杂芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C20(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)芳胺基中的任意一种。
所述取代的芳基、取代的杂芳基中的取代基各自独立地选自卤素、氰基、未取代或卤代的C1-C10(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)直链或支链烷基中的至少一种。
在一个实施方式中,所述R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立地选自未取代或卤代的C1-C10(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)直链或支链烷基、C3-C10(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)环烷基、未取代或卤代的C1-C10(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9或C10)烷氧基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基、咔唑基或二苯胺基中的任意一种。
在一个实施方式中,所述n1、n2、n3、n4各自独立地选自0-2的整数,例如为0、1或2。
在一个实施方式中,所述有机化合物选自如下化合物P1-P163中的任意一种:
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在一个实施方式中,本发明提供一种OLED器件,所述OLED器件包括阳极、阴极以及设置于所述阳极和阴极之间的有机薄膜层,所述有机薄膜层包括至少一种如目的之一所述的有机化合物。
在一个实施方式中,所述有机薄膜层包括发光层,所述发光层包括至少一种(例如一种或两种)如目的之一所述的有机化合物。
在一个实施方式中,所述有机化合物作为发光层的主体材料。
在一个实施方式中,所述有机化合物作为发光层的绿光主体材料。
本发明所述有机化合物以大环结构作为中心骨架,并搭配基团L、A和R1-R4,通过分子结构的设计,使其具有适宜的HOMO能级和较深的LUMO能级,能够降低电子传输的势垒,提高电子的注入能力,有效地阻挡空穴,使更多的空穴-电子在发光区进行复合,实现较高的发光效率和较低的工作电压。基于所述有机化合物的HOMO/LUMO能级,在一个实施方式中,其尤其适合作为绿光N型主体材料(绿光N型Host)。
另一方面,本发明通过特定的中心骨架与基团的设计和复配,使所述有机化合物的单线态能级较高,ES可以达到2.8eV左右,能够有效地传输电子,将空穴和激子限制在发光区,有利于扩宽发光区域,提升器件的效率和寿命。在另一实施方式中,所述有机化合物作为发光层的蓝光主体材料(蓝光Host)。
在一个实施方式中,所述有机薄膜层包括电子传输层,所述电子传输层包括至少一种如目的之一所述的有机化合物。
在一个实施方式中,所述有机薄膜层包括空穴阻挡层,所述空穴阻挡层包括至少一种如目的之一所述的有机化合物。
在一个实施方式中,所述OLED器件的阳极材料可以为金属、金属氧化物或导电性聚合物;其中,所述金属包括铜、金、银、铁、铬、镍、锰、钯、铂等及它们的合金,所述金属氧化物包括氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化铟锌(IZO)、氧化锌、氧化铟镓锌(IGZO)等,所述导电性聚合物包括聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚(3-甲基噻吩)等。除以上有助于空穴注入的材料及其组合,还包括已知的适合做阳极的材料。
所述OLED器件的阴极材料可以为金属或多层金属材料;其中,所述金属包括铝、镁、银、铟、锡、钛等及它们的合金,所述多层金属材料包括LiF/Al、LiO2/Al、BaF2/Al等。除以上有助于电子注入的材料及其组合,还包括已知的适合做阴极的材料。
所述OLED器件的有机薄膜层包括至少一层发光层(EML)和设置于发光层两侧的其他功能层,包括电子传输层(ETL)、空穴传输层(HTL)、空穴注入层(HIL)、电子阻挡层(EBL)、空穴阻挡层(HBL)、电子注入层(EIL)中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,其中空穴/电子注入及传输层可以为咔唑类化合物、芳胺类化合物、苯并咪唑类化合物及金属化合物等。所述OLED器件的阴极上(远离阳极的一侧)还可以任选地设置盖帽层(CPL)。
在一个实施方式中,所述OLED器件的结构示意图如图1所示,包括阳极110和阴极150,设置于所述阳极110和阴极150之间的发光层130,在发光层130的两侧设置有第一有机薄膜层120和第二有机薄膜层140,所述第一有机薄膜层120为空穴传输层(HTL)、空穴注入层(HIL)或电子阻挡层(EBL)中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,所述第二有机薄膜层140包括电子传输层(ETL)、空穴阻挡层(HBL)或电子注入层(EIL)中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
在一个实施方式中,所述发光层130中包括至少一种本发明提供的有机化合物。
可选的,所述阴极150上(远离110的一侧)还可以设置盖帽层(CPL)。
所述OLED器件可以通过以下方法制备:在透明或不透明的光滑的基板上形成阳极,在阳极上形成有机薄层,在有机薄层上形成阴极。其中,形成有机薄层可采用如蒸镀、溅射、旋涂、浸渍、离子镀等已知的成膜方法。
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供一种显示面板,所述显示面板包括如目的之二所述的OLED器件。
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供一种电子设备,所述电子设备包括如目的之二所述的OLED器件或如目的之三所述的显示面板中的至少一种。
示例性地,本发明提供的具有如式I所示结构的有机化合物可以通过如下合成路线制备得到:
其中,L、A、R1、R2、R3、R4、n1、n2、n3、n4具有与式I中相同的限定范围。
以下示例性地列举几种本发明所述有机化合物的制备实施例:
合成例1
合成用于制备所述有机化合物的中间体,具体步骤如下:
(1)合成中间体1
在1L三口瓶中,加入0.1mol反应物M1,0.1mol反应物M2,0.30mol碳酸钾,165.6g水,1.0mmol四三苯基膦钯Pd(PPh3)4,400mL甲苯,100mL无水乙醇,N2保护下,升温至回流,保温反应8h,停反应,降温至25℃,分液,收集有机相,水洗至中性,有机相减压脱去溶剂,采用纯甲苯柱层析纯化,甲苯、无水乙醇重结晶,得到中间体1,收率85%。
(2)合成中间体2
在1L三口瓶中,加入0.1mol中间体1,0.375mol氢氧化钠,400mL无水乙醇,N2保护下,升温至回流温度,保温反应3h,降温至25℃,滴加0.375mol 10%的稀HCl溶液,搅拌0.5h,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相过硅胶柱,减压脱除溶剂,得到粗品中间体2;经甲苯、无水乙醇重结晶,得到精品中间体2,收率88%。
(3)合成中间体3
在500mL三口瓶中,加入0.10mol中间体2和240g甲磺酸,N2保护下升温至75℃,保温反应6h;降温至25℃,将反应液缓慢倒入250g碎冰中,搅拌、抽滤,用100mL水淋洗,得到粗品;粗品经甲苯重结晶,得到精品中间体3,收率77%。
(4)合成中间体4
在500mL三口烧瓶中,将中间体3溶于四氢呋喃(THF)中降温至-80℃,缓慢滴加1mol当量的正丁基锂,温度不超过-75℃,滴加完升至室温反应1h,将溶有反应物M3的THF溶液加入反应瓶中,将混合液回流反应3h,薄层色谱(TCL)检测反应完毕后,降至室温。用二氯甲烷萃取后,合并有机相,旋除有机溶剂,用硅胶柱层(洗脱剂:石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10/1)分离得中间体4,收率为60%。
合成例2
合成用于制备所述有机化合物的中间体,具体步骤如下:
与合成例1的区别仅在于,将步骤(4)中的反应物M3用等摩尔量的M3-A替换,其他原料、用量及工艺参数均与合成例1相同,得到中间体4-A。
合成例3
合成用于制备所述有机化合物的中间体,具体步骤如下:
与合成例1的区别仅在于,将步骤(1)中的反应物M2用等摩尔量的反应物M2-B替换,其他原料、用量、步骤、工艺参数均与合成例1相同,得到中间体4-B。
合成例4
合成用于制备所述有机化合物的中间体,具体步骤如下:
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与合成例1的区别仅在于,将步骤(1)中的反应物M1用等摩尔量的反应物M1-C替换,其他原料、用量、步骤、工艺参数均与合成例1相同,得到中间体4-C。
实施例1
一种有机化合物P3,结构为该有机化合物P3的制备方法如下:
氮气流下,将30mmol中间体4和32mmol反应物M4-3溶解于四氢呋喃后,加入70mmol碳酸钾水溶液,加热搅拌。回流状态下,加入0.5mmol催化剂Pd(PPh3)4,加热搅拌8h。反应结束后,将温度降至室温后,去除碳酸钾溶液并过滤。将过滤的固体用乙醇洗涤,得到目标产物P3。
通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析得到MALDI-TOF:m/z计算值:C44H25N,567.20,实测值:567.43。
化合物元素分析结果(%):计算值:C 93.09,H 4.44,N 2.47;测试值:C 93.08,H4.45,N 2.47。
实施例2
一种有机化合物P27,结构为该有机化合物P27的制备方法如下:/>
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将反应物M4-3用等摩尔量的M4-27替换,其他原料、用量及工艺参数均与实施例1相同,得到目标产物P27。
MALDI-TOF:m/z计算值:C49H28N2,644.23;实测值:644.4。
化合物元素分析结果(%):计算值:C 91.28,H 4.38,N 4.34;测试值:C 91.29,H4.37,N 4.34。
实施例3
一种有机化合物P28,结构为该有机化合物P28的制备方法如下:
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将反应物M4-3用等摩尔量的M4-28替换,其他原料、用量及工艺参数均与实施例1相同,得到目标产物P28。
MALDI-TOF:m/z计算值:C50H29N3,671.24;实测值:671.47。
化合物元素分析结果(%):计算值:C 89.39,H 4.35,N 6.25;测试值:C 89.40,H4.35,N 6.25。
实施例4
一种有机化合物P40,结构为该有机化合物P40的制备方法如下:
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将反应物M4-3用等摩尔量的M4-40替换,其他原料、用量及工艺参数均与实施例1相同,得到目标产物P40。
MALDI-TOF:m/z计算值:C49H26N2,642.21;实测值:642.46。
化合物元素分析结果(%):计算值:C 91.56,H 4.08,N 4.36;测试值:C 91.55,H4.09,N 4.36。
实施例5
一种有机化合物P44,结构为该有机化合物P44的制备方法如下:
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将反应物M4-3用等摩尔量的M4-44替换,其他原料、用量及工艺参数均与实施例1相同,得到目标产物P44。
MALDI-TOF:m/z计算值:C57H34N2,746.27;实测值:746.52。
化合物元素分析结果(%):计算值:C 91.66,H 4.59,N 3.75;测试值:C 91.67,H4.58,N 3.75。
实施例6
一种有机化合物P54,结构为该有机化合物P54的制备方法如下:
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将反应物M4-3用等摩尔量的M4-54替换,其他原料、用量及工艺参数均与实施例1相同,得到目标产物P54。
MALDI-TOF:m/z计算值:C55H32N2,720.26;实测值:720.54。
化合物元素分析结果(%):计算值:C 91.64,H 4.47,N 3.89;测试值:C 91.63,H4.48,N 3.89。
实施例7
一种有机化合物P97,结构为该有机化合物P97的制备方法如下:
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将反应物M4-3用等摩尔量的M4-97替换,其他原料、用量及工艺参数均与实施例1相同,得到目标产物P97。
MALDI-TOF:m/z计算值:C47H26N2,618.21;实测值:618.39。
化合物元素分析结果(%):计算值:C 91.24,H 4.24,N 4.53;测试值:C 91.23,H4.24,N 4.53。
实施例8
一种有机化合物P101,结构为该有机化合物P101的制备方法如下:
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将反应物M4-3用等摩尔量的M4-101替换,其他原料、用量及工艺参数均与实施例1相同,得到目标产物P101。
MALDI-TOF:m/z计算值:C43H24N2,568.19;实测值:568.44。
化合物元素分析结果(%):计算值:C 90.82,H 4.25,N 4.93;测试值:C 90.83,H4.24,N 4.93。
实施例9
一种有机化合物P114,结构为该有机化合物P114的制备方法如下:/>
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将中间体4用等摩尔量的中间体4-A替换,将反应物M4-3用等摩尔量的M4-114替换,其他原料、用量及工艺参数均与实施例1相同,得到目标产物P114。
MALDI-TOF:m/z计算值:C62H36N4,836.29;实测值:836.47。
化合物元素分析结果(%):计算值:C 88.97,H 4.34,N 6.69;测试值:C 88.96,H4.35,N 6.69。
实施例10
一种有机化合物P143,结构为该有机化合物P143的制备方法如下:
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将中间体4用等摩尔量的中间体4-B替换,将反应物M4-3用等摩尔量的M4-143替换,其他原料、用量及工艺参数均与实施例1相同,得到目标产物P143。
MALDI-TOF:m/z计算值:C61H37N3,811.30;实测值:811.53。
化合物元素分析结果(%):计算值:C 90.23,H 4.59,N 5.18;测试值:C 90.24,H4.58,N 5.18。
实施例11
一种有机化合物P153,结构为该有机化合物P153的制备方法如下:
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将中间体4用等摩尔量的中间体4-C替换,将反应物M4-3用等摩尔量的M4-153替换,其他原料、用量及工艺参数均与实施例1相同,得到目标产物P153。
MALDI-TOF:m/z计算值:C67H40N4,900.33;实测值:900.52。
化合物元素分析结果(%):计算值:C 89.31,H 4.47,N 6.22;测试值:C 89.32,H4.46,N 6.22。
化合物的模拟计算:
运用密度泛函理论(DFT),针对本发明提供的有机化合物,通过Gaussian 09程序包(Gaussian Inc.)在B3LYP/6-31G(d)计算水平下,优化并计算得到了分子前线轨道HOMO和LUMO的分布情况和能级,根据HOMO和LUMO能级得到带隙Eg,同时基于含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)模拟计算了所述有机化合物分子的单线态能级ES,结果如表1所示。
表1
有机化合物 LUMO(eV) HOMO(eV) Eg(eV) ES(eV)
P3 -1.77 -5.38 3.61 2.840
P27 -2.07 -5.55 3.48 2.803
P28 -1.95 -5.54 3.59 2.923
P40 -2.17 -5.62 3.45 2.868
P44 -1.92 -5.49 3.57 2.939
P54 -1.94 -5.52 3.58 2.895
P97 -1.85 -5.43 3.58 2.802
P101 -2.11 -5.57 3.46 2.751
P114 -2.01 -5.30 3.29 2.908
P153 -2.17 -5.72 3.55 2.926
根据表1的计算结果可知,本发明通过分子结构的特殊设计,使所述有机化合物具有适宜的HOMO和LUMO能级,HOMO能级与LUMO能级更深,单线态能级ES较高,ES为2.75-2.94eV,可以很好地与现有量产运用的相邻层材料的能级相匹配,有效地传输电子,将空穴和激子限制在发光区,利于扩宽发光区域,提升器件发光效率和寿命,其作为OLED材料,尤其适用于主体材料。
以下列举几种本发明所述有机化合物应用于OLED器件中的应用例:
应用例1
一种OLED器件,其结构示意图如图2所示,依次层叠的基板160,阳极110,第一空穴传输层121,第二空穴传输层122,发光层130,第一电子传输层141,第二电子传输层142,阴极150,盖帽层170;其中,所述阳极为氧化铟锡(ITO),厚度为15nm,所述第一空穴传输层为10nm,所述第二空穴传输层为95nm,所述发光层为30nm,所述第一电子传输层为35nm,所述第二电子传输层为5nm,所述阴极为镁银电极,镁银质量比为1:9,厚度为15nm,所述盖帽层(CPL)为100nm。
所述OLED器件的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将玻璃基板切成50mm×50mm×0.7mm的大小,分别在异丙醇和去离子水中超声处理30min,然后暴露在臭氧下清洁10min;将通过磁控溅射所得的具有ITO阳极的玻璃基板安装到真空沉积设备上;
(2)在真空度为2×10-6Pa下,在ITO阳极上真空蒸镀化合物HAT-CN,厚度为10nm,作为第一空穴传输层;
(3)在第一空穴传输层上真空蒸镀化合物TAPC作为第二空穴传输层,厚度为95nm;
(4)在第二空穴传输层上真空蒸镀发光层,采用本发明提供的有机化合物P3和有机化合物P163作为主体材料(P3与P163的质量比为4:6),Ir(MDQ)2(acac)作为掺杂材料,主体材料和Ir(MDQ)2(acac)的质量比为97:3,厚度为30nm;
(5)在发光层上真空蒸镀化合物BCP作为第一电子传输层,厚度为35nm;
(6)在第一电子传输层上真空蒸镀化合物Alq3作为第二电子传输层,厚度为5nm;
(7)在第二电子传输层上真空蒸镀镁银电极作为阴极,Mg和Ag质量比为1:9,厚度为15nm;
(8)在阴极上真空蒸镀高折射率的化合物CBP,厚度为100nm,作为盖帽层(阴极覆盖层,CPL),得到所述OLED器件。
所述OLED器件中所使用的材料结构如下:
应用例2-12
一种OLED器件,其与应用例1的区别仅在于,将步骤(4)中的有机化合物P3分别用等量的有机化合物P27、P28、P40、P44、P54、P97、P101、P143、P153、P156、P159替换;器件的结构、厚度、其它材料及制备方法均与应用例1相同。
应用例13
一种OLED器件,其与应用例1的区别仅在于,将步骤(4)中的主体材料(P3与P163的组合)用等量的有机化合物P114替换;器件的结构、厚度、其它材料及制备方法均与应用例1相同。
对比例1
一种OLED器件,其与应用例1的区别仅在于,将步骤(4)中的主体材料(P3与P163的组合)用等量的对比化合物mCP替换;器件的结构、厚度、其它材料及制备方法均与应用例1相同。
OLED器件的性能评价:
用Keithley 2365A数字纳伏表测试OLED器件在不同电压下的电流,然后用电流除以发光面积得到OLED器件在不同电压下的电流密度;用Konicaminolta CS-2000分光辐射亮度计测试OLED器件在不同电压下的亮度和辐射能流密度;根据OLED器件在不同电压下的电流密度和亮度,得到在相同电流密度下(10mA/cm2)的启亮电压和电流效率(CE,Cd/A),Von为亮度1Cd/m2下的启亮电压;通过测量OLED器件的亮度达到初始亮度的95%时的时间而获得寿命LT95(在50mA/cm2测试条件下)。
以对比例1(REF)的启亮电压Von、电流效率CE和寿命LT95的测试数据为100%计,应用例1-13的Von、CE和LT95分别为各自的测试数据与对比例1的测试数据的比值,即为与对比例1相比的相对值;具体数据如表2所示。
表2
OLED器件 发光层主体材料 Von CE LT95
应用例1 P3/P163 96.8% 106.5% 107.2%
应用例2 P27/P163 96.4% 105.8% 108.3%
应用例3 P28/P163 97.4% 105.4% 108.6%
应用例4 P40/P163 98.1% 105.6% 106.8%
应用例5 P44/P163 97.6% 107.3% 106.0%
应用例6 P54/P163 97.1% 106.2% 107.5%
应用例7 P97/P163 96.7% 107.8% 105.9%
应用例8 P101/P163 97.8% 106.1% 105.7%
应用例9 P143/P163 97.6% 103.8% 104.2%
应用例10 P153/P163 97.8% 108.1% 106.2%
应用例11 P156/P163 97.3% 106.4% 105.8%
应用例12 P159/P163 97.0% 105.5% 108.1%
应用例13 P114 97.8% 105.3% 107.3%
对比例1(REF) mCP 100% 100% 100%
从表2可以看出,相对于对比例1中的器件,使用本发明所述有机化合物的OLED器件具有较低的工作电压、较高的发光效率以及较长的寿命。相对于对比例,采用本发明所述有机化合物的OLED器件的工作电压得到降低,发光效率明显提升,寿命明显延长。这可能得益于本发明的有机化合物LUMO能级较深,使得电子注入更为顺利,从而降低器件的工作电压;所述有机化合物具有合适的HOMO值,可以有效地阻挡空穴,将空穴限制在发光区与电子进行复合,有利于扩宽发光复合区域,提升器件发光效率;同时本发明所述有机化合物具有良好的热稳定性和成膜性,有利于器件的稳定性,提升器件寿命。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的一种有机化合物及其应用,但本发明并不局限于上述工艺步骤,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述工艺步骤才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明所选用原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (16)

1.一种有机化合物,其特征在于,所述有机化合物具有如式I所示结构:
其中,L选自单键、取代或未取代的C6-C20亚芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C20亚氮杂芳基中的任意一种;L中所述取代的取代基各自独立地选自氰基、未取代或卤代的C1-C6直链或支链烷基、C6-C12芳基或C3-C12杂芳基中的至少一种;
A选自取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30杂芳基中的任意一种;A中所述C3-C30杂芳基中的杂原子为N;
R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立地选自卤素、氰基、取代或未取代的C1-C10直链或支链烷基、取代或未取代的C3-C10环烷基、取代或未取代的C1-C10烷氧基、取代或未取代的C6-C20芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C20杂芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C20芳胺基中的任意一种;
n1、n2、n3各自独立地选自0-4的整数;
n4选自0-6的整数;
A、R1、R2、R3、R4中所述取代的取代基各自独立地选自卤素、氰基、未取代或R'取代的C1-C10直链或支链烷基、C3-C10环烷基、未取代或R'取代的C1-C10烷氧基、未取代或R'取代的C6-C20芳基、未取代或R'取代的C3-C20杂芳基、未取代或R'取代的C6-C20芳胺基中的至少一种;
R'选自卤素、氰基、C1-C6直链或支链烷基、C6-C12芳基或C3-C12杂芳基中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述L选自单键、 中的任意一种;其中,虚线代表基团的连接位点。
3.根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述A选自如下基团中的任意一种:
其中,虚线代表基团的连接位点;
R11选自氢、卤素、氰基、未取代或R'取代的C1-C10直链或支链烷基、C3-C10环烷基、未取代或R'取代的C1-C10烷氧基、未取代或R'取代的C6-C20芳基、未取代或R'取代的C3-C20杂芳基中的任意一种;
R13选自卤素、氰基、未取代或R'取代的C1-C10直链或支链烷基、C3-C10环烷基、未取代或R'取代的C1-C10烷氧基、未取代或R'取代的C6-C20芳基、未取代或R'取代的C3-C20杂芳基中的任意一种;
R'选自卤素、氰基、C1-C6直链或支链烷基、C6-C12芳基或C3-C12杂芳基中的至少一种;
m1选自0-3的整数。
4.根据权利要求3所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述R11选自氢、氰基、C1-C6直链或支链烷基、未取代或R'取代的苯基、未取代或R'取代的萘基、未取代或R'取代的的吡啶基、未取代或R'取代的嘧啶基、未取代或R'取代的吡嗪基、未取代或R'取代的喹啉基、未取代或R'取代的异喹啉基、未取代或R'取代的喹喔啉基、未取代或R'取代的喹唑啉基中的任意一种;R'选自氰基、C1-C6直链或支链烷基、苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基或吡嗪基中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述A选自如下基团中的任意一种:
其中,RA1选自氰基、C1-C6直链或支链烷基、苯基、吡啶基、联苯基、萘基、中的任意一种;虚线代表基团的连接位点。
6.根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立地选自未取代或卤代的C1-C10直链或支链烷基、C3-C10环烷基、未取代或卤代的C1-C10烷氧基、取代或未取代的C6-C20芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C20杂芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C20芳胺基中的任意一种;
所述取代的芳基、取代的杂芳基中的取代基各自独立地选自卤素、氰基、未取代或卤代的C1-C10直链或支链烷基中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立地选自未取代或卤代的C1-C10直链或支链烷基、C3-C10环烷基、未取代或卤代的C1-C10烷氧基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基、咔唑基或二苯胺基中的任意一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述n1、n2、n3、n4各自独立地选自0-2的整数。
9.根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述有机化合物选自如下化合物中的任意一种:
/>
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10.一种OLED器件,其特征在于,所述OLED器件包括阳极、阴极以及设置于所述阳极和阴极之间的有机薄膜层,所述有机薄膜层包括至少一种如权利要求1-9任一项所述的有机化合物。
11.根据权利要求10所述的OLED器件,其特征在于,所述有机薄膜层包括发光层,所述发光层包括至少一种如权利要求1-9任一项所述的有机化合物。
12.根据权利要求11所述的OLED器件,其特征在于,所述有机化合物作为发光层的绿光主体材料。
13.根据权利要求10所述的OLED器件,其特征在于,所述有机薄膜层包括电子传输层,所述电子传输层包括至少一种如权利要求1-9任一项所述的有机化合物。
14.根据权利要求10所述的OLED器件,其特征在于,所述有机薄膜层包括空穴阻挡层,所述空穴阻挡层包括至少一种如权利要求1-9任一项所述的有机化合物。
15.一种显示面板,其特征在于,所述显示面板包括如权利要求10-14任一项所述的OLED器件。
16.一种电子设备,其特征在于,所述电子设备包括如权利要求10-14任一项所述的OLED器件或如权利要求15所述的显示面板中的至少一种。
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