CN114128580A

CN114128580A - Lily bulb breeding method

Info

Publication number: CN114128580A
Application number: CN202111418882.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨凤萍; 张秀海; 薛静; 张铭芳; 陈绪清; 杜运鹏; 高俊莲
Original assignee: Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Current assignee: Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2021-11-26
Filing date: 2021-11-26
Publication date: 2022-03-04
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-26
Also published as: CN114128580B

Abstract

The invention discloses a lily bulb breeding method, which comprises the following steps: (1) planting lily bulbs; (2) bending treatment: inserting bamboo poles at the periphery of the plants, pulling the tops of the plants to bend towards the bamboo poles by hands, and fixing branches on the bamboo poles by using a binding belt to enable the plants to grow in a bent mode; (3) managing water and fertilizer in the field; (4) and (6) harvesting the bulbels. The breeding method of the lily bulbs provides a new way for obtaining seed sources for lily production, is simple and feasible, saves the production cost, saves the time and labor for bulb cultivation, and can obtain high-quality breeding materials.

Description

Lily bulb breeding method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of garden plant cultivation, in particular to a lily bulb breeding method.

Background

Lily (Lilium spp.) is a perennial herb bulbous flower of the Lilium genus (Lilium) of the Liliaceae family (Liliaceae) of monocotyledonous plants, and is one of the important species in the bulbous flower industry. Lily is widely used as cut flower, pot plant and garden plant in the world. The lily has higher nutritive value, health-care function and ornamental property, and is one of important medicinal, edible and ornamental plants, so that the industrial demand is increased day by day and the market prospect is wide. At present, the lily seed industry in China is only in the initial stage, and a seed ball production technology with low cost, high yield and high quality is urgently needed to promote the rapid development of the lily seed industry in China. The growth period of lily in a seed ball development mode through a seed embryo is long (generally more than two to three years), the demands of lily flowers and seed balls on the market cannot be met, and the character of the plant progeny bred through the seed embryo can be separated, so that excellent characters cannot be stably maintained. Therefore, the asexual propagation mode is the best way to obtain the lily bulbs.

In the main production area of edible lily in China, small seed balls separated when the seed balls are harvested in the same year are mainly used as seed sources for planting lily in the next season. In the growing process of the lily, when the overground part of the plant reaches the later development stage, the periphery of the mother bulb can be rapidly expanded and developed into new bulblets, and each bulblet can be continuously developed to form a new bulb individual. However, this method of forming new bulbs by differentiation from mother bulbs is only suitable for lily with large bulb volume, and has low propagation efficiency, and cannot form a perfect propagation system.

The scale is one of the constituent organs of the bulb, formed by the abnormal leaves that colonize the periphery of the bulb dish, and the bulb dish constitutes the bulb. At present, lily bulbs used for cut flower production are mainly cultivated by means of scale cuttage. However, a large amount of seed balls can be consumed by culturing the small seed balls through the scales, the quality requirement on the seed balls is higher, and the high-quality seed balls are easily cultured by the scales without diseases and insect pests and with the thickness.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a lily bulb breeding method which is low in cost and simple and convenient to operate.

The invention discloses a lily bulb breeding method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) planting lily bulbs;

(2) bending treatment, wherein the treatment time is one of the following two types:

I. lily without looking for flowers: directly carrying out topping and flower removal treatment and then carrying out bending treatment when the plants enter the flowering period;

lily requiring flower observation: when lily plants enter the late growth stage, namely, petals begin to wither and underground seed balls begin to expand,

performing bending treatment;

the bending treatment mode is as follows: inserting bamboo poles at the periphery of the plants, pulling the tops of the plants to bend towards the bamboo poles by hands, and fixing branches on the bamboo poles by using a binding belt to enable the plants to grow in a bent mode;

(3) managing water and fertilizer in the field;

(4) and (6) harvesting the bulbels.

The breeding method of the lily bulbs, disclosed by the invention, is characterized in that the bending growth angle is 90 degrees.

The breeding method of the lily bulb comprises the steps of bending the overground stems of the plants at the length of 1/3 at the upper part, and keeping other stem parts in an upright state.

The breeding method of the lily bulbs, disclosed by the invention, is characterized in that the height of the bamboo poles is 80 cm.

The breeding method of the lily bulbs, disclosed by the invention, is characterized in that the lily is an Asian series lily variety Lilium 'Golden Stone'.

The breeding method of the lily bulbs, disclosed by the invention, comprises the following steps in step (1):

preparing soil treatment: deeply digging soil by 30cm, paving an insect-proof non-woven fabric, mixing matrix soil and the soil according to a ratio of 1:1, filling the mixture into a furrow, and covering the mixture with the thickness of more than 20cm, wherein the filling organic matter of the matrix soil is more than or equal to 45 percent, the filling humic acid is more than or equal to 25 percent, the filling nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are more than or equal to 3 percent, the filling medium trace element is more than or equal to 1 percent, and the pH value is 5.5-6.5;

planting seed balls: the planting depth of the seed balls is 3-5cm, and planting is carried out according to the planting density of 30cm of plant spacing and 50cm of row spacing.

The lily bulb breeding method is characterized in that in the step (3), watering is carried out in the early growth stage of lily according to the dry and wet condition of soil, when the plant grows to enter the flowering phase and the underground bulb begins to expand, a high-nitrogen and low-phosphorus high-potassium compound fertilizer needs to be additionally applied for 2 times, and the supplementary application is carried out at the interval of 2 months.

The breeding method of the lily bulbs comprises the step (4), wherein when plant stems are basically withered and yellow and bulbels grow into an independent individual, the bulbels are directly picked.

The breeding method of the lily bulbs of the invention is different from the prior art in that:

the bulbil is an above-ground organ that is rooted in an axillary bud, originating from an axillary meristem, similar to tillering in arabidopsis and rice. The formation of the bulbil can be divided into two processes: (1) the leaf axillary meristematic cells are continuously divided to form a bulbil primordium; (2) the original base of the pearl bud grows and differentiates to form a pearl bud structure. The bulbil and bulb have the same nature, and are the reproductive organs of lily, but the implantation parts are different. Bulbs grow in the underground part and bulbils grow in the overground part. The mature bulbils fall to the ground and begin to develop into bulbs. As the bulbels grow at the axillary parts of the leaves of the plants, do not contact with the soil, have no influence of soil-borne diseases, basically do not carry the lily virus, and seedlings cultured by using the lily bulbels have no virus. As a propagation material, the quality is good and the harvest is easy. However, not all lilium plants can form bulbels, and at present, four wild species of lilium brownii, namely lilium tigrinum, lilium luteum, lilium sanguinatum and lilium bulbiferum, are known to form bulbels naturally at axillary buds in stems, but the propagation method is only applicable to partial lilium materials with bulbels.

Through years of cultivation and observation, the Asian series lily is found to grow 1-2 bulbels on the top of the plant in the later growth stage of the plant. Therefore, the invention develops a key technology by using Asian series lily varieties (Lilium 'Golden Stone'), and can obtain a plurality of high-quality bulbels at the later growth stage of plants for lily propagation by a special cultivation mode. The method provides a new approach for obtaining seed sources for lily production, is simple and feasible, saves the production cost, saves the time and labor for seed bulb cultivation, and can obtain high-quality propagation materials.

The breeding method of lily seedball of the invention is further explained with the attached drawings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a photograph of a lily plant bent according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a photograph of a lily plant bent according to another angle in the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a general picture of a plurality of curved lily plants of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a photograph of a bulbil harvested from a lily plant using the method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

1. Experimental Material

Asian series lily variety Lilium 'Golden Stone', the plant height is 30-45cm, the seed ball circumference is about 76-150mm, and the lily is fond of yang and shade-tolerant.

2. Planting of Experimental materials

Preparing soil treatment: the method comprises the following steps of deeply digging soil by 30cm, paving an insect-proof non-woven fabric, mixing matrix soil (filled with organic matters more than or equal to 45%, humic acid more than or equal to 25%, nitrogen phosphorus potassium more than or equal to 3%, medium trace elements more than or equal to 1% and pH5.5-6.5) and the soil according to the proportion of 1:1, filling the mixture into a furrow, and covering the mixture with mixed soil of more than 20 cm.

3. Key technology management (fig. 1-3)

3.1 when the plant enters the flowering period, if no flower observation is needed, directly carrying out topping and flower removal treatment. Inserting a bamboo pole 80cm high around the plant (e.g. in front), bending the top of the plant by more than 90 degrees to the side (side of the bamboo pole) by hand (this angle is most effective), and then fixing the branch on the bamboo pole by a bandage to make the plant bend by 90 degrees for growth. In order to prevent the branches from being broken, one third of the stems on the ground are kept at the upright part, and the normal growth of the plants is ensured.

3.2 when the lily needs to be observed, when the lily plant enters the late growth stage (petals begin to wither) and the underground seedball begins to expand, a bamboo pole with the height of 80cm is inserted into the periphery (for example, the front) of the plant, the top of the plant is pulled by hands to bend 90 degrees towards the side (the side of the bamboo pole), and then the branch is fixed on the bamboo pole by a bandage to enable the plant to bend 90 degrees for growth. In order to prevent the branches from being broken, one third of the branches on the ground are reserved, and the stems are positioned on the vertical parts to ensure the normal growth of plants.

4. Management of fertilizer and water in field

In the early growth stage of lily, the medium mixed soil is used for planting, so that the fertility is sufficient, additional fertilization is not needed, and watering is needed according to the dry and wet conditions of the soil. When the plant grows into the flowering phase, the underground bulb begins to expand and carries out lateral growth adjustment, at the moment, the axillary part of the stem leaf begins to breed the bulbil, the high-nitrogen, low-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer needs to be additionally applied for 2 times, and the supplementary application is carried out at the interval of 2 months.

5. Harvesting of pearl buds

After the plant blooms, the plant can continue to grow for 4-5 months in the later growth period so as to meet the expansion of the underground bulb and the growth of the bulbil. When the plant stem is basically withered and yellow, the bulbil grows into an independent individual, and the bulbil can be directly picked.

6. Statistics of results

The bulbels obtained by the method can obtain 1-2 bulbels at each axillary of the leaf after the bending and drawing of the plant, and the whole plant can obtain 10-20 bulbels (figure 4 is a bulbel picture harvested from one plant) which are far more than the number of bulbels generated by the underground bulb. The top bulbil is the largest, the diameter can reach 3.5cm, and the weight of a single seed can reach 6.87 g. More than 50% of the bulbels can have the diameter of 1.5-2cm, and reach the standard of the commercial lily bulbs.

The plant bending treatment planting method can increase the sprouting quantity of the bulbil at the axillary position of the lily plant leaf by more than 10 times. The bulbil is used as a seed ball for production, has good quality and high quality, does not have soil and pest, and can save a large amount of seed balls for scale cutting propagation (a main propagation mode used in production). 4,400 lily plants can be planted per mu according to the planting density of 30cm plant spacing and 50cm row spacing, and by the method, 88,000 bulbil can be obtained, thus the economic benefit is very objective.

The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lily bulb breeding method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) planting lily bulbs;

lily requiring flower observation: when lily plants enter the late growth stage, namely petals begin to wither and underground seed balls begin to expand, bending treatment is carried out;

(3) managing water and fertilizer in the field;

(4) and (6) harvesting the bulbels.

2. The method for breeding lily bulbs according to claim 1, wherein: the angle of the curved growth is 90 °.

3. The method for breeding lily bulbs according to claim 2, wherein: the overground stalk of the plant is bent at 1/3 length at the upper part, and other stalk parts are kept in an upright state.

4. The method for breeding lily bulbs according to claim 3, wherein: the height of the bamboo pole is 80 cm.

5. The method for breeding lily bulbs according to claim 4, wherein: the lily is Asian series lily variety Lilium 'Golden Stone'.

6. The method for breeding lily bulbs according to claim 5, wherein: the step (1) comprises the following steps:

7. The method for breeding lily bulbs according to claim 6, wherein: in the step (3), watering is carried out in the early growth stage of the lily according to the dry and wet condition of soil, when the underground bulb begins to expand after the plant grows into a flowering phase, additionally applying the high-nitrogen, low-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer for 2 times, and performing supplementary application at an interval of 2 months.

8. The method for breeding lily bulbs according to claim 7, wherein: in the step (4), when plant stems are basically withered and yellow and the bulbels grow into an independent individual, the bulbels are directly picked.