CN1140585C - 包含挥发性低分子量硅氧烷的弹性体凝胶 - Google Patents
包含挥发性低分子量硅氧烷的弹性体凝胶 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
包含线性链烯基官能化的聚有机硅氧烷和MHQ树脂的氢化硅烷化加成产物和低分子硅氧烷的组合物,当使其经受剪切力的作用时,提供用于个人护肤用品中的具有改善的可展涂性和结构的成分。
Description
本发明涉及用作低分子量挥发性硅氧烷增稠剂的硅氧烷组合物。本发明也涉及通过混合低分子量硅氧烷与凝胶,提炼包含流动性凝胶的硅氧烷的方法和加工该混合物的方法。
硅氧烷在不同领域具有许多用途。已发现它们在不同的产品例如密封胶、有机硅橡胶、粘合剂和化妆品中的大量的工业应用。已发现硅油是化妆品组合物中特别需要的成分,因为该物质赋予化妆品组合物一种干燥、光滑均匀的触感,其它益处包括如增加视在光泽(即发亮)。在较低分子量的硅氧烷赋予组合物所需性质的同时,它们易挥发和具有低的粘度,而能克服这些缺点的硅氧烷粘度却太大的事实使得其在化妆品组合物中的一般应用有点复杂。
所以,当需要在化妆品中使用低粘度的硅氧烷时,已经使用增稠剂以便增加溶液的粘度和减缓挥发性低分子量硅油的蒸发损失。该方法尽管有效,但具有降低硅油的可展涂性和给皮肤留下严重的滑腻感的缺点。可展涂性和干燥平滑感是与低粘度硅氧烷有关的性质,当将其以化妆品制剂使用时,它赋予所述组合物一种需要的感觉或触觉。已发现用于使化妆品组合物中低分子量硅油的所需性质被保留,同时降低由于高挥发性引起的蒸发损失的物质包括糊精的脂肪酸酯、蔗糖的脂肪酸酯、三甲硅烷基取代的聚乙烯醇、三甲硅烷基取代的多糖、包含脂肪酸酯的纤维素醚和有机改性粘土材料。这些物质的缺点为由低粘度的硅油赋予的轻快感和可展涂性被改变,因而所述组合物不再具有最初使用低粘度硅油提供的性质。这些增稠剂或挥发抑制剂的另一个缺点是它们当中的大多数为水溶性的,必须用作水分散液或溶液。而对疏水性的硅油而言,加入水需要使用乳化剂和配伍剂,这使得化妆品制剂变得复杂,并且就其分层的组分相而言,一般降低了制剂的稳定性。
最近,已经提出另一个保留化妆品组合物中低粘度硅油性质的方法,其中,使低粘度硅油与有机氢化聚硅氧烷和链烯基官能化的有机聚硅氧烷间的加成聚合产物混合(美国专利第4987169号)。用在那些制剂中的有机氢化聚硅氧烷包含HSiO1.5(TH),RSiO1.5(T),RHSiO(DH),R2SiO(D),R2HSiO0.5(MH)和R3SiO0.5(M)基团。所使用的交联氢化物化合物为具通式MaMH bDcDH dTcTH f的化合物。尽管所述交联化合物容许T基团为氢化物或被R取代,但本技术中优选为线性氢化物,因为所述加成聚合反应进行的更平稳。在上式中R基团为一般本技术领域已知的典型有机取代基。接着,将低分子量的硅油加入所述交联加成聚合产物中,并通过施加剪切力处理该混合物。该物质本身可以用作化妆品成分或作为增稠剂,它具有润滑的性质,能在各种工业润滑用途中以及预想的化妆品用途中使用。可以认为用该方法制备的物质是其中溶解挥发性低分子量硅油的松弛交联弹性体。因为当加入T基团时,前体交联氢化物优选为直链的和仅有适度分支的,在生成的聚合物中,所述加成聚合产物不具有交联的紧密网状结构。线性和松弛的交联网状结构具有的缺点为在提高低分子量硅氧烷的粘度方面具有很低的效率。除了增加产品的成本外,当所述挥发性低分子量硅氧烷在使用当中蒸发时,较高浓度的交联硅氧烷导致留下更多的残留物。在一些化妆品例如除臭剂或防汗剂的使用当中,增加的残留物是明显的缺点,因为它可以污染衣物。
此外,线性和松弛的交联硅氧烷不能像更紧密的交联硅氧烷那样容易地形成薄膜。不能形成薄膜在化妆品使用当中是个缺点,因为与线性硅氧烷的粘稠、不合需要的感觉相比,薄膜可以提供一种轻柔、平滑的感觉。
现在公开可以使由链烯基有机聚硅氧烷和MHQ树脂的加成聚合反应制备的紧密交联弹性体与挥发性低分子量硅油混合,并加工处理以便为化妆品组合物提供所需的成分。本发明提供包含下列成分的硅氧烷组合物:(A)通过下列成分的氢化硅烷化产物形成的硅氧烷:
(1)具有下式的线性链烯基终止的聚有机硅氧烷:
Mvi aDxDvi yM2-a其中,脚标x是大于500的数,脚标y是0-约20范围内的数,脚标a是0-2范围内的数,并限制a+y在1-约20范围内,Mvi的定义为:
R1R2R3SiO1/2其中,R1为具有2-10个碳原子的一价不饱和烃基,R2和R3各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,D的定义为:
R4R5SiO2/2其中,R4和R5各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,Dvi的定义为:
Dvi=R6R7SiO2/2其中,R6为具有2-10个碳原子的一价不饱和烃基,R7独立为具有1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,M的定义为:
M=R8R9R10SiO1/2其中,R8,R9和R10各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基;和(2)具有下式的树脂:
(MH wQz)j
其中,Q代表式SiO4/2和MH的定义为:
HbR11 3-bSiO1/2其中,R11为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,其中脚标b为1-3范围内的数,脚标w和z分别具有0.5-4.0的比值,及脚标j在约2.0-约100范围内;其中所述氢化硅烷化反应在下述成分存在下进行:
(3)粘度低于约1000厘沲(25℃)的第一硅氧烷;由此形成ASTM D-2240-91硬度计硬度至少为5的凝胶;和(B)其粘度低于约1000厘沲(25℃)的第二硅氧烷,其中,使所述凝胶在所述第二硅氧烷中形成淤浆并与所述第二硅氧烷混合;由此产生包含所述第二硅氧烷和所述凝胶的均一的液体,该均一液体的粘度为500-150000厘沲(25℃)。
优选在选自具有下式的环状硅氧烷中的硅氧烷中制备所述凝胶(其ASTM D-2240-91硬度计硬度至少为5):
Df其中,脚标f为约3-约6范围内的整数,D的定义为:
R4R5SiO2/2其中,R4和R5各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基和具有下式的线性硅氧烷:
M’D’iM’其中,D’定义为:
R4R5SiO2/2其中,R4和R5各独立代表1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,M,具有下式:
R12R13R14SiO1/2其中,R12,R13和R14各独立代表1-40个碳原子的一价烃基。
优选使所述凝胶在选自具有下式的环状硅氧烷中的硅氧烷中形成淤浆并混合:
Df其中,脚标f为约3-约6范围内的一个整数,D的定义为:
R4R5SiO2/2其中,R4和R5各独立代表1-40个碳原子的一价烃基和具有下式的线性硅氧烷:
M’D’iM’其中D’的定义为:
R4R5SiO2/2其中,R4和R5各独立代表1-40个碳原子的一价烃基和M,具有下式:
R12R13R14SiO1/2其中,R12,R13和R14各独立代表1-40个碳原子的一价烃基。
本发明也提供用于在硅氧烷液体中分散具有ASTM D-2240-91硬度计硬度至少为5的硅氧烷凝胶的方法,它包括:(A)氢化硅烷化
(1)具有下式的线性链烯基终止的聚硅氧烷:
Mvi aDxDvi yM2-a其中,脚标x是大于500的数,脚标y是0-约20范围内的数,脚标a是0-2范围内的数,并限制a+y在1-约20范围内,Mvi的定义为:
R1R2R3SiO1/2其中,R1为具有2-10个碳原子的一价不饱和烃基,R2和R3各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,D的定义为:
R4R5SiO2/2其中,R4和R5各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,Dvi的定义为:
Dvi=R6R7SiO2/2其中,R6为具有2-10个碳原子的一价不饱和烃基,R7独立为具有1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,M的定义为:
M=R8R9R10SiO1/2其中,R8,R9和R10各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基;和(2)具有下式的树脂:
(MH wQz)j
其中,Q代表式SiO4/2和MH的定义为:
HbR11 3-bSiO1/2其中,R11为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,其中脚标b为1-3范围内的数,脚标w和z分别具有0.5-4.0的比值,及脚标j在约2.0-约100范围内;其中所述氢化硅烷化反应在下述成分存在下进行:
(3)粘度低于约1000厘沲(25℃)的第一硅氧烷;由此(B)形成具有ASTM D-2240-91硬度计硬度至少为5的凝胶;和(C)使所述凝胶与具有粘度低于约1000厘沲(25℃)的第二硅氧烷形成淤浆;和(D)使所述凝胶与所述第二硅氧烷混合,由此(E)产生包含所述第二硅氧烷和所述凝胶的均一液体,从而,所述均一液体的粘度为500-150000厘沲(25℃)。
本发明的组合物包含下列成分的氢化硅烷化加成产物:(1)具有下式的线性链烯基终止的聚有机硅氧烷:
Mvi aDxDvi yM2-ax其中,脚标x是大于500的数,优选大于600,更优选大于700,最优选大于800,脚标y为0-约20范围内的数,优选0-约10,更优选0-约5,最优选0-约4,脚标a为0-2范围内的数,并限制a+y在1-约20的范围内,优选1-约10,更优选约1.5-约10,最优选约1.5-约6,Mvi的定义为:
R1R2R3SiO1/2其中,R1为具有2-10个碳原子的一价不饱和烃基,优选苯乙烯基、烯丙基和乙烯基,更优选烯丙基和乙烯基,最优选乙烯基,及R2和R3各独立选自1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,优选1-20个碳原子的一价烃基,更优选甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、苯基、苄基和基,最优选甲基和苯基;D的定义为:
R4R5SiO2/2其中,R4和R5各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,优选1-20个碳原子的一价烃基,更优选甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、苯基、苄基和基,最优选甲基和苯基;Dvi的定义为:Dvi=R6R7SiO2/2其中,R6为具有2-10个碳原子的一价不饱和烃基,优选苯乙烯基、烯丙基和乙烯基,更优选烯丙基和乙烯基,最优选乙烯基,R7独立选自具有1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,优选1-20个碳原子的一价烃基,更优选甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、苯基、苄基和基,最优选甲基和苯基,M的定义为M=R8R9R10SiO1/2,R8,R9和R10各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,优选1-20个碳原子一价烃基,更优选甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、苯基、苄基和基,最优选甲基和苯基和
(2)具有下式的树脂:
(MH wQz)j其中,Q代表式SiO4/2和MH代表式HbR11 3-bSiO1/2,脚标b在1-3范围内,其中R11为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,优选1-20个碳原子一价烃基,更优选甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、苯基、苄基和基,最优选甲基和苯基;脚标w和z分别具有0.5-4.0的比值,优选0.6-3.5,更优选0.75-3.0,最优选1.0-3.0;脚标j在约2.0-约100范围内,优选约2.0-约30,更优选约2.0-约10,最优选约3.0-约5.0;和
(3)硅氧烷,其中已使(3)与(1)和(2)的加成物的混合物经受剪切力的作用。
所述氢化硅烷化反应在下列氢化硅烷化催化剂存在下进行,所述催化剂包含钌、锇、铑、铱、钯、铂氢化硅烷化催化剂。该类催化剂的典型实例在美国专利第2823218号、3159601号、3159662号和3775452号中被介绍。
申请人将所述硅氧烷即成分(3)规定为其粘度低于约1000厘沲(25℃),优选低于约500厘沲(25℃),更优选低于约250厘沲(25℃),最优选低于100厘沲(25℃)的任何有机硅化合物。由此,低分子量环状硅氧烷例如D3、D4、D5和D6(即Df,其中脚标f在3-6范围内)为挥发性的硅氧烷,其中,D如前定义,R4和R5优选甲基及具有下式的低分子量线性硅氧烷:
M’D’iM’其中,D’上的取代基独立地选自如前为D定义的相同的取代基,M’具有下式:
R12R13R14SiO1/2
其中,R12,R13和R14各独立代表1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,优选1-20个碳原子的一价烃基,更优选甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、苯基、苄基和基,最优选甲基和苯基;脚标i在0-约300范围内,优选0-约100,更优选0-约50,最优选0-约20。优选成分(3)为挥发性低分子量的硅氧烷。
用于制备本发明凝胶的物质已经根据在硅化学实践中普遍接受的定义范围内列举的结构因素M、D、T和Q的分子式所定义。作为单独分子或作为纯化合物,这些分子式中的脚标可以假定为只有整数(如合适,包含零)。作为化合物的复杂混合物,其中每一个要独立满足所述分子定义,在描述所述混合物中的脚标将假定为非整数(如合适,包含零)。但是,就某一脚标而言,那些非整数值仍将在具体脚标规定为整数的上限和下限的范围内。因此,例如在成分(1)的纯化合物描述中,其脚标a可以为0、1或2。作为化合物的混合物,成分(1)其脚标a将具有平均值,它将取决于具有脚标为0、1和2的单独分子的数目。同样的解释也适用于成分(2)。
因此,当成分(1)作为具有特定的链烯基官能化作用的乙烯基官能化的硅氧烷,并且为不同的包含乙烯基化合物的混合物时,按照定义,成分(1)的脚标的平均值将覆盖约1500-约150000,优选约4500-约110000,更优选约10000-约70000,最优选约15000-约45000的乙烯基当量范围。要注意的是,这些当量为乙烯基取代的特定当量,用其它烯属取代基的取代将产生不同的但可比的当量范围。同样,作为混合物的成分(2)的平均脚标,按照定义将覆盖约80-约190,优选约82-约170,更优选约85-约150,最优选约87-约130的氢化物的当量范围。
此外,在成分(1)中的链烯基官能度需要平均在每分子约1-约20个链烯基,优选约每分子约1-约10个链烯基,更优选每分子约1.5-约10个链烯基,最优选每分子1.5-约6个链烯基的范围内。另外,在成分(2)中所述氢化物官能度需要在平均每分子约8-400SiH基团,优选每分子约8-约100SiH基团,更优选每分子约8-约50SiH基团,最优选每分子约8-约20SiH基团的范围内。
使成分(1)和(2)(作为纯化合物或混合物)在成分(3)存在下,一起催化反应产生具有的聚合物含量大约为约5-约75%(重量)的交联聚合物,优选约10-约60%(重量)的交联聚合物,更优选约15-约40%(重量)的交联聚合物,最优选约20-约35%(重量)的交联聚合物的凝胶及平衡量的挥发性低分子量硅油。一旦制备出初生成的凝胶,使其与追加量的挥发性低分子量硅氧烷即追加成分(3)[可能与用于制备初生成凝胶的成分(3)不同]混合,并经受混合或剪切力的作用,产生均匀的液体凝胶,该凝胶为约1-约25%(重量)的交联聚合物,优选约2-约20%(重量)的交联聚合物,更优选约3-约15%(重量)的交联聚合物,最优选约3-约10%(重量)的交联聚合物及平衡量的挥发性低分子量硅油[成分(3)]或满足成分(3)定义化合物的混合物。
所述初生成的凝胶足够粘,以致通常观察不到该液体流动。作为交联聚合物,具有25%交联聚合物网状结构的最初生成凝胶的ASTMD-2240-91硬度计硬度至少为5,优选至少为7,更优选至少为10,最优选至少为15。所述硬度计硬度试验的ASTM试验值显示其为具足够流动阻力的物质,它完全可以作为固体。
通过高速混合或剪切,克服最初生成凝胶的流动阻力,其中,生成的组合物或混合物为均匀液体,其粘度为约500-150000厘沲(25℃),更优选所述组合物或混合物的生成粘度约1000-约100000厘沲(25),最优选所述组合物或混合物的生成粘度约10000-约60000厘沲(25)。所谓剪切,申请人指的是在所述组合物上施加力,其中,使用三辊式研磨机、二辊式研磨机、沙研磨机、胶体磨、Gaulin匀化器、Sonilator、RossTM混合机、Microfluidizer等处理所述组合物。
使这些组合物经受剪切力,产生适合用在个人护理或化妆品中的成分,它具有改善的可展涂性和改善的结构(substance)或感觉。最需要该性质的个人护理用品(包含但不限于此)包含去臭剂、止汗剂、润肤霜、面霜、护发用品例如香波、摩丝、发胶、防护霜和染色化妆品例如口红、粉底霜、胭脂、美容品和睫毛油及其它加入硅氧烷成分的化妆用品。
在此,所有有关的美国专利结合在本发明中,作为参考。
实施例1
在挥发性低分子量硅油中的交联硅氧烷聚合物的制备
通过在反应容器中混合一定量的甲硅烷基氢化物、一定量的乙烯基化合物和挥发性的低分子量硅油制备交联硅氧烷聚合物,并混合。将标准氢化硅烷化催化剂加入该混合物中。在铂催化剂存在下的氢化硅烷化反应见美国专利第3159601号、3159662号、3220972号、3715334号、3775452号和3814730号,在此,结合到本发明中作为参考。加热包含所述氢化硅烷化催化剂的混合物,并使其在一定条件下反应。因而,例如将1.11g的(MH 2Q)4(w=2、z=1、和j=4)、250g具有当量为33750克/当量乙烯基的乙烯基端基化硅氧烷和650g的八甲基环四硅氧烷加入揉面机(dough mixer)中并搅拌。加入100g在八甲基环四硅氧烷中的0.11%的铂催化剂。搅拌所述反应物并加热到80℃达2小时。将所述反应物冷却并分离出其产物。按照该通用方法制备组合物A-T。这些制剂中的乙烯基硅氧烷不同:
1)二乙烯基硅氧烷(A)为MviDxMvi其中Mvi为R1R2R3SiO1/2而R1为(CH2=CH)和R2和R3各单独为CH3;D为R4R5SiO2/2,其中R4和R5各单独为CH3;x在约450-约1250范围内变化;
2)一乙烯基硅氧烷(B)为MviDyM其中Mvi为R1R2R3SiO1/2而R1为(CH2=CH)和R2和R3各单独为CH3;D为R4R5SiO2/2,其中R4和R5各单独为CH3;y约等于200;M为R8R9R10SiO1/2,R8,R9和R10各独立为CH3;和
3)五乙烯基硅氧烷(C)为MDiDvi kM其中M为R8R9R10SiO1/2,R8,R9和R10各独立为CH3;D为R4R5SiO2/2,其中R4和R5各单独为CH3;i约等于200;Dvi的定义为:Dvi=R6R7SiO2/2,其中为R6为(CH2=CH),R7独立为CH3,k约等于5。
表1
在挥发性低分子量硅油中交联聚合硅氧烷的制备:(MH 2Q)4树脂与端接二乙烯基硅氧烷(A)的反应组合物
Si-H与 二乙烯基 聚合物 挥发性 铂
Si-乙烯基 硅氧烷A
wt.% 低分子量
ppm
比
mol.wt. 硅氧烷
wt.%A 0.7/1.0 66800 25 75 10B 0.9/1.0 66800 25 75 10C 1.0/1.0 66800 25 75 10D 1.1/1.0 66800 25 75 10E 1.3/1.0 66800 25 75 10F 1.5/1.0 66800 25 75 10G 1.58/1.0 66800 25 75 10H 1.3/1.0 33500 25 75 10I 1.3/1.0 92700 25 75 10J 1.3/1.0 66800 25 75* 10U 1.3/1.0 66800 50 50 5V 1.3/1.0 66800 15 85 5
注解:
*除制剂j使用D5(十甲基环五硅氧烷)外,所有其它制剂使用D4(八甲基环四硅氧烷)。
制剂A-G的研究,所述氢化硅烷化反应中的氢化物与乙烯基比例发生改化。制剂E、H和I的研究,所述氢烷基化反应中的所述乙烯基成分的分子量发生改化。制剂E和J的研究,所述低分子量硅油发生改化。
下列制剂使用乙烯基硅氧烷化合物-二乙烯基硅氧烷A和一乙烯基硅氧烷B的混合物,作为对比,表1中所列的那些制剂只使用一种乙烯基硅氧烷化合物即二乙烯基硅氧烷A。
表2
在挥发性低分子量硅油中的交联聚合硅氧烷的制备:(MH 2Q)4树脂与混合端接二乙烯基硅氧烷(A)和一乙烯基硅氧烷(B)的反应组合物 Si-H与 二乙烯基 一乙烯基
A/B 聚合物 挥发性 铂
Si-乙烯基 硅氧烷A 硅氧烷B
wt.% 低分子量,
ppm
比
mol.wt.
mol.wt. 硅氧烷
wt.%K 1.3/1.0 66800 15900 90/10 25 75 10L 1.3/1.0 66800 15900 80/20 25 75 10M 1.3/1.0 66800 15900 70/30 25 75 10N 1.3/1.0 66800 15900 60/40 25 75 10O 1.3/1.0 66800 15900 50/50 25 75 10P 1.1/1.0 66800 15900 90/10 25 75 10Q 1.1/1.0 66800 15900 70/30 25 75 10R 1.1/1.0 66800 15900 50/50 25 75 10
制剂K-O在氢化物与乙烯基比例恒定条件下,改变二烯基硅氧烷A与一烯基硅氧烷B的比例。制剂P-R也改变二烯基硅氧烷A与一烯基硅氧烷B的比例,但是,与K-O不同的是其氢化物与乙烯基的比例常数不同。
下列制剂使用乙烯基硅氧烷化合物-二乙烯基硅氧烷A和五乙烯基硅氧烷C的混合物,作为对比,表1中所列的那些制剂只使用一种乙烯基硅氧烷化合物即二乙烯基硅氧烷A。
表3
在挥发性低分子量硅油中的交联聚合硅氧烷的制备:(MH 2Q)4树脂与混合端接二乙烯基硅氧烷(A)和五乙烯基硅氧烷(C)的反应组合物 Si-H与 二乙烯基 五乙烯基
A/B 聚合物 挥发性 铂
Si-乙烯基 硅氧烷A 硅氧烷B
wt.% 低分子量,
ppm
比
mol.wt.
mol.wt. 硅氧烷
wt.%S 1.3/1.0 66800 16200 90/10 25 75 10T 1.3/1.0 66800 16200 80/20 25 75 10
表3中所述制剂与表2中所述制剂的不同之处在于用于制备所述交联物质的乙烯基硅氧烷的混合物不同。
实施例2
使用挥发性低分子量硅油稀释交联凝胶
使用挥发性低分子量硅油进一步稀释实施例1中制备的交联凝胶,以便产生淤浆。用来稀释用的挥发性低分子量硅油与用来制备所述交联凝胶的硅油相同或不同。使所述淤浆在匀化器中经受剪切力的作用产生具有特定化妆用途要求粘度的透明产物。已经经受剪切力的作用的所述凝胶挥发性淤浆的粘度为约100厘沲-约100000厘沲(25℃)以上。因而,例如使400g的制剂E与1600g D4(八甲基环四硅氧烷)共混。制剂E包含25%(重量)的交联聚合物(即100g),所以,E在D4中的淤浆浓度为5%(重量)的聚合物。使该5%(重量)的交联聚合物在D4中的混合物在7000磅/平方英寸的压力下,通过Gaulin匀化器。其生成物为透明体,其粘度为120000厘沲(25℃)。按照该通用方法得到的其它物质的制剂可见表4中。
表4
稀释到5%(重量)的剪切交联硅氧烷聚合物的粘度组合物 表1凝胶 凝胶%(重量) 挥发性 粘度,cps
低分子量 at 25℃
硅氧烷
%(重量)AA A 5 95 28,400BB B 5 95 35300CC C 5 95 61,800DD D 5 95 74,100EE E 5 95 115,000FF F 5 95 110,000GG G 5 95 112,000HH H 5 95 47,300II I 5 95 31,400JJ J 5 95 80,000KK K 5 95 72,700LL L 5 95 49,000MM M 5 95 27,200NN N 5 95 8,600OO O 5 95 2,500PP P 5 95 49,000QQ Q 5 95 22,000RR R 5 95 1,800SS S 5 95 81,700TT T 5 95 93,100UU U 6 94 20,000VV V 3.5 96.5 122,000这些数据表明:1)随着改变氢化物与链烯基(乙烯基)之比为0.7-1.6(氢化物)比1.0(链烯基),所述产物凝胶的粘度增加;2)随着所述链烯基成分的分子量的增加,交联点间的距离扩大。
a)在加入挥发性硅氧烷后,所述最初生成的聚合物凝胶的溶胀能力增加和
b)其粘度增加;和3)增加所述链烯基前体的平均官能度由1.3到2.0,所生成产物的交联密度和粘度增加。
实施例3
比较低交联密度凝胶与高交联密度凝胶
由于使用MHQ树脂和相对于乙烯基而言相当低当量的乙烯基硅氧烷,本发明的加工凝胶为具有高交联密度的凝胶。为了进行比较,制备了具有低密度交联网状结构的凝胶。所以,将用于制备实施例1凝胶的方法用于只包含每分子2个当量的氢化物的线性氢化物硅氧烷和只包含每分子(平均)2个当量的乙烯基的乙烯基硅氧烷。因而,使2.02g分子量为约1818的端接氢的硅氧烷、75g分子量为约67500的端接乙烯基的硅氧烷与425g的八甲基环四硅氧烷混合。搅拌该混合物并加入如前所述10ppm铂催化剂。将所述混合物加热到80℃达5个小时。冷却并分离其产物。其粘度为88.5厘沲(25℃)。其结果表明由低官能度成分制备的硅氧烷聚合物产生很少交联的硅氧烷聚合物,因而,在控制所述挥发性硅氧烷的粘度方面具有很低的效率。
Claims (10)
1.硅氧烷组合物包含:(A)通过下列成分的氢化硅烷化产物形成的硅氧烷:
(1)具有下式的线性链烯基终止的聚有机硅氧烷:
Mvi aDxDvi yM2-a
其中,脚标x是大于500的数,脚标y是0-20范围
内的数,脚标a是0-2范围内的数,并限制a+y在1-
20范围内,Mvi的定义为:
R1R2R3SiO1/2
其中,R1为具有2-10个碳原子的一价不饱和烃基,R2
和R3各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,D的定义
为:
R4R5SiO2/2
其中,R4和R5各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,
Dvi的定义为:
Dvi=R6R7SiO2/2
其中,R6为具有2-10个碳原子的一价不饱和烃基,R7
独立为具有1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,M的定义为:
M=R8R9R10SiO1/2
其中,R8,R9和R10各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃
基;和
(2)具有下式的树脂:
(MH wQz)j
其中,Q代表式SiO4/2和MH的定义为:
HbR11 3-bSiO1/2
其中,R11为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,其中脚标b
为1-3范围内的数,脚标w和z分别具有0.5-4.0的比
值,及脚标j在2.0-100范围内;其中所述氢化硅
烷化反应在下述成分存在下进行:
(3)25℃下粘度低于1000厘沲的第一硅氧烷;由此形成ASTM D-2240-91硬度计硬度至少为5的凝胶;和(B)25℃下粘度低于1000厘沲的第二硅氧烷,其中,使所述凝胶在所述第二硅氧烷中形成淤浆并与所述第二硅氧烷混合;由此产生包含所述第二硅氧烷和所述凝胶的均一的液体,该均一液体25℃下粘度为500-150000厘沲。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中,所述线性链烯基终止的聚有机硅氧烷R1为具有2个碳原子的一价不饱和烃基。
3.权利要求2的组合物,其中,所述线性链烯基终止的聚有机硅氧烷具有的乙烯基当量为1500-150000。
4.权利要求3的组合物,其中,所述树脂具有的氢化物当量为80-190。
5.权利要求4的组合物,其中,所述第一硅氧烷选自具有下式的环状硅氧烷
Df
其中,脚标f为3-6范围内的整数,D的定义为:
R4R5SiO2/2
其中,R4和R5各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基和
具有下式的线性硅氧烷:
M’D’iM’
其中,D’定义为:
R4R5SiO2/2
其中,R4和R5各独立代表1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,脚标i在0-300范围内,M’具有下式:
R12R13R14SiO1/2其中,R12,R13和R14各独立代表1-40个碳原子的一价烃基。
6.权利要求5的组合物,其中,所述第一硅氧烷为环状硅氧烷,f为4。
7.权利要求6的组合物,其中,所述第二硅氧烷选自具有下式的环状硅氧烷
Df其中,脚标f为3-6中的整数,D的定义为:
R4R5SiO2/2其中,R4和R5各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基和具有下式的线性硅氧烷:
M’D’iM’其中,D’定义为:
R4R5SiO2/2其中,R4和R5各独立代表1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,M’具有下式:
R12R13R14SiO1/2其中,R12,R13和R14各独立代表1-40个碳原子的一价烃基。
8.权利要求7的组合物,其中,所述第二硅氧烷为环状硅氧烷,f为4。
9.用于将ASTM D-2240-91硬度计硬度至少为5的硅氧烷凝胶分散在硅氧烷液体中的方法,包括:(A)氢化硅烷化
(1)具有下式的线性链烯基终止的聚有机硅氧烷:
Mvi aDxDvi yM2-a
其中,脚标x是大于500的数,脚标y是0-20范围
内的数,脚标a是0-2范围内的数,并限制a+y在1-
20范围内,Mvi的定义为:
R1R2R3SiO1/2
其中,R1为具有2-10个碳原子的一价不饱和烃基,R2
和R3各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,D的定义
为:
R4R5SiO2/2
其中,R4和R5各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,
Dvi的定义为:
Dvi=R6R7SiO2/2
其中,R6为具有2-10个碳原子的一价不饱和烃基,R7
独立为具有1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,M的定义为:
M=R8R9R10SiO1/2
其中,R8,R9和R10各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃
基;和
(2)具有下式的树脂:
(MH wQz)j
其中,Q代表式SiO4/2和MH的定义为:
HbR11 3-bSiO1/2
其中,R11为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,其中脚标b
为1-3范围内的数,脚标w和z分别具有0.5-4.0的比
值,及脚标j在2.0-100范围内;其中所述氢化硅
烷化反应在下述成分存在下进行:
(3)25℃下粘度低于1000厘沲的第一硅氧烷;由此(B)形成具有ASTM D-2240-91硬度计硬度至少为5的凝胶;和(C)使所述凝胶与25℃下粘度低于1000厘沲的第二硅氧烷形成淤浆;和(D)使所述凝胶与所述第二硅氧烷混合,由此(E)产生包含所述第二硅氧烷和所述凝胶的均一液体,从而,所述均一液体25℃下粘度为500-150000厘沲。
10.包含硅氧烷组合物的化妆品组合物,包含:(A)通过下列成分的氢化硅烷化产物形成的硅氧烷:
(1)具有下式的线性链烯基终止的聚有机硅氧烷:
Mvi aDxDvi yM2-a
其中,脚标x是大于500的数,脚标y是0-20范围
内的数,脚标a是0-2范围内的数,并限制a+y在1-
20范围内,Mvi的定义为:
R1R2R3SiO1/2
其中,R1为具有2-10个碳原子的一价不饱和烃基,R2
和R3各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,D的定义
为:
R4R5SiO2/2
其中,R4和R5各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,
Dvi的定义为:
Dvi=R6R7SiO2/2
其中,R6为具有2-10个碳原子的一价不饱和烃基,R7
独立为具有1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,M的定义为:
M=R8R9R10SiO1/2
其中,R8,R9和R10各独立为1-40个碳原子的一价烃
基;和
(2)具有下式的树脂:
(MH wQz)j
其中,Q代表式SiO4/2和MH的定义为:
HbR11 3-bSiO1/2
其中,R11为1-40个碳原子的一价烃基,其中脚标b
为1-3范围内的数,脚标w和z分别具有0.5-4.0的比
值,及脚标j在2.0-100范围内;其中所述氢化硅
烷化反应在下述成分存在下进行:
(3)25℃下粘度低于1000厘沲的第一硅氧烷;因此形成具有ASTM D-2240-91硬度计硬度至少为5的凝胶;和(B)其25℃下粘度低于1000厘沲的第二硅氧烷,其中,使所述凝胶在所述第二硅氧烷中形成淤浆并与所述第二硅氧烷混合;因此,产生包含所述第二硅氧烷和所述凝胶的均一的液体,该均一液体25℃下粘度为500-150000厘沲。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/708,436 US5760116A (en) | 1996-09-05 | 1996-09-05 | Elastomer gels containing volatile, low molecular weight silicones |
US708436 | 1996-09-05 | ||
US708,436 | 1996-09-05 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1177615A CN1177615A (zh) | 1998-04-01 |
CN1140585C true CN1140585C (zh) | 2004-03-03 |
Family
ID=24845794
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CNB971182574A Expired - Fee Related CN1140585C (zh) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-09-05 | 包含挥发性低分子量硅氧烷的弹性体凝胶 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5760116A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0827983B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4155609B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR19980024208A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1140585C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR008165A1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU725519B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9704610A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69710276T2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW353034B (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA977525B (zh) |
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1996
- 1996-09-05 US US08/708,436 patent/US5760116A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1997
- 1997-08-12 TW TW086111497A patent/TW353034B/zh active
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- 1997-08-29 KR KR1019970043095A patent/KR19980024208A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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TW353034B (en) | 1999-02-21 |
EP0827983A3 (en) | 1998-05-27 |
DE69710276T2 (de) | 2002-10-02 |
MX9706752A (es) | 1998-05-31 |
JPH10168318A (ja) | 1998-06-23 |
EP0827983A2 (en) | 1998-03-11 |
AU725519B2 (en) | 2000-10-12 |
DE69710276D1 (de) | 2002-03-21 |
CN1177615A (zh) | 1998-04-01 |
EP0827983B1 (en) | 2002-02-06 |
US5760116A (en) | 1998-06-02 |
AR008165A1 (es) | 1999-12-09 |
BR9704610A (pt) | 1998-10-27 |
AU3522597A (en) | 1998-03-12 |
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