CN113967236A - 冻干黄精及工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
涉及冻干黄精及工艺，采用4年生及以上的黄精根茎(包括须根)原料，经采挖、分选、清洗、分装、冻结、分切、冻存、冻干、出仓及包装密封制得冻干黄精。发明工艺将冻结后黄精分切整理技术，黄精冷冻干燥脱水技术及无氧环境低热加工技术进行组合创新。以发明工艺制备的冻干黄精既有原形态结构基本特征和本色，亦有更多黄精活性物质保留及水分极大减少等特点。
Description
技术领域
发明涉及药食同源的黄精冻干产品及加工工艺。
背景技术
黄精为百合科多年生草本植物滇黄精(Polygonatum kingianum Coll. etHemsl.)、黄精(Polygonatum sibiricum Red.)或多花黄精(Polygonatum cyrtonemaHua.)的干燥根茎，别名仙人余粮、老虎姜、鸡头参等；其集药用、食用、观赏、美容于一身，是卫生部公布的87种食用药材之一，有补脾、润肺、生津、益肾、抗缺氧、抗疲劳、抗衰老等作用，能增强免疫、新陈代谢等，是中医传统补中益气品，具“久服轻身延年不饥”之功能；《本草纲目》称其“得坤土之精，为补养中宫之胜品”，单用即有抗衰延年之作用，古方之黄精饼、黄精膏、黄精丸等传统延缓衰老品不胜枚举。我国黄精植物种质资源丰富，蕴藏量巨大，滇黄精主产于贵州、广西、云南等省区，黄精主产于河北、内蒙古、陕西省等省区，多花黄精主产于贵州、湖南、云南、安徽、浙江等省。为健身康养市场创制开发提供黄精生物活性物质保存更好更全的冻干黄精，对满足人们日益增加的健康饮食需求具有重要作用。
发明内容
发明目的在于结合现代低温加工技术与日益增长的黄精需求实际，提供黄精源多糖、黄酮、醌类化合物、甾体皂苷类化物、膳食纤维、微量元素、氨基酸及矿物质等根茎全营养保健物质的冻干黄精及工艺。
发明的目的以如下方式实现：
采用黄精植物根茎原料，经采挖、分选、清洗、分装、冻结、分切、冻存、冻干、出仓及包装密封制得冻干黄精。
采挖
采挖选择生长达4年及以上的黄精植物根茎，所得根茎(包括须根)以下简称黄精。
分选
去除或穿或夹带于黄精中的其他或植物体或砾石，剔除霉烂、表面积青色面超过5%的黄精。
清洗
以清水或流动清水洗去分选后黄精外表粘附的泥土及微生物，亦可但不限于再以清水超声处理45s-180s后取出于清水或流动清水洗至水清澈。
分装
将清洗后的黄精装入但不限于以含20mg-40mg/L二氧化氯的水清洗过的其长宽高内部尺寸不大于45.0×28.0×25.0cm、内壁无毛刺、HDPE(低压高密度聚乙烯)或PP (聚丙烯)材质的洁净周转箱。
冻结
将清洗后装入洁净周转箱无滴水的黄精在12h-24h内冻结至-20℃以下。
分切
在洁净和0℃至-10℃的环境中，将超过10cm以上或呈交错状的冻结黄精依其根茎结构分切成最大不超过10cm的大小，经此处理后的黄精以下统称为黄精块，或简称为切块。
冻存
将黄精块于低于-20℃至-40℃下保存至少但不限于12h-24h。
冻干
将冻存后的切块放于冻干仓，采用但不限于-20℃/2-6h、-10℃/4-8h、-5℃/6-12h、4℃/8-12h和18℃至80℃/4-10h的五段真空冷冻干工艺，经24h-48h结束；可视但不限于冻干情况或切块的变化适当增减段及各段的控制温度与时间。
出仓
冻干结束后以洁净、无菌、干燥的空气破真空并在洁净卫生的操作间取出冻干后的切块。
包装密封
在洁净条件下，采用或真空包装膜袋或铝塑复合膜袋对冻干切块进行抽气包装密封；或以具有一定防压或固定结构的硬质包装可密封容器代替膜袋并以充氮代替抽气密封。
检验
卫生、理化及添加剂使用符合GB 16325-2005 干果食品卫生标准、NY/T 1041-2010 绿色食品 干果、GB 2762-2017 食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量。
发明的冻干黄精加工工艺，具备如下特色：将黄精冻结后切分整理技术，黄精冷冻干燥脱水技术及无氧环境低热加工技术组合创新；所述的冻干黄精工艺加工制备的冻干黄精既有形态结构特征和本色，也有黄精活性物质充分保留及水分极大减少等特点。
Claims (10)
1.冻干黄精及工艺，其特征是：采用但不限于或多花黄精或滇黄精或黄精的鲜根茎，经采挖、分选、清洗、分装、冻结、分切、冻存、冻干、出仓及包装密封制得，其方法是：
1) 采挖：采挖选择生长达适宜年数的黄精植物根茎，所得根茎(包括须根)以下简称黄精；
2) 分选：除杂，剔除霉烂、表面积青色面超过5%的黄精；
3) 清洗：以清水或流动清水洗去分选后黄精外表粘附的泥土及微生物；
4) 分装：将清洗后的黄精装入洁净周转箱；
5) 冻结：将清洗后装箱的黄精进行冻结；
6) 分切：将冻结黄精中超过10cm以上或呈交错状的冻结黄精依其根茎结构切分成最大不超过10cm的大小，经此处理后的黄精以下统称为黄精块，或简称为切块；
7) 冻存：将黄精块于低于-20℃至-40℃条件下保存；
8) 冻干：将冻存后的切块放于冻干仓进行真空冷冻干燥，经24h-48h结束；
9) 出仓：冻干结束后以洁净、无菌、干燥的空气破真空并在洁净卫生的操作间取出冻干后的切块；
10) 包装密封：在洁净条件下，采用或真空包装膜袋或铝塑复合膜袋对冻干切块进行抽气包装密封；或以具有一定防压或固定结构的硬质包装可密封容器代替膜袋抽气密封；
11) 检验：卫生、理化及添加剂使用符合GB 16325-2005 干果食品卫生标准、NY/T1041-2010 绿色食品 干果、GB 2762-2017 食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量。
2.权利要求 1 所述方法，其1)之采挖中的生长达适宜年数是指其根茎生长达4年及以上时间。
3.权利要求 1 所述方法，其2)之分选中的除杂是指去除或穿或夹带于黄精中的其他或植物体或砾石。
4.权利要求 1 所述方法，其3)中的清洗，亦可但不限于再以清水超声处理45s-180s后取出于清水或流动清水洗至水清澈。
5.权利要求 1 所述方法，其4)之分装中的洁净周转箱为但不限于HDPE(低压高密度聚乙烯)或PP (聚丙烯)材质，内部尺寸的长宽高不大于45.0×28.0×25.0cm、内壁无毛刺，且将其以含20mg-40mg/L二氧化氯的水浸泡45s-180s后取出以水清洗至无余氯。
6.权利要求 1 所述方法，其5)之冻结，是将洗净后无滴水的黄精在12h-24h内冻结至-20℃以下。
7.权利要求 1 所述方法，其6)之分切，是在洁净和0℃-10℃的环境中进行的。
8.权利要求 1 所述方法，其7)之冻存的时间至少但不限于12h-24h。
9.权利要求 1 所述方法，其8)之冻干，采用但不限于-20℃/2-6h、-10℃/4-8h、-5℃/6-12h、4℃/8-12h和18℃至80℃/4-10h的五段真空冷冻干工艺，经24h-48h结束；可视但不限于冻干情况或切块的变化适当增减段及各段的控制温度与时间；其10)之包装密封中的包装膜袋，可以具有一定防压或固定结构的硬质包装可密封容器代替，且进行抽气密封。
10.权利要求1或2或3或4或5或6或7或8或9所述的冻干黄精加工工艺，具备如下特色：将冻结后黄精分切整理技术，黄精冷冻干燥脱水技术及无氧环境低热加工技术进行组合创新；依据权利要求1或2或3或4或5或6或7或8或9所述的冻干黄精工艺加工制备的冻干黄精既有形态结构特征和本色，也有黄精活性物质充分保留及水分极大减少的特点。
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| CN102389526A (zh) * | 2011-11-15 | 2012-03-28 | 重庆市秀山红星中药材开发有限公司 | 黄精的真空冷冻干燥方法 |
| CN103039872A (zh) * | 2011-10-12 | 2013-04-17 | 西南科技大学 | 猕猴桃果浆冻干片及工艺 |
| CN110574923A (zh) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-12-17 | 福贡县马吉乡鑫禾生态扶贫专业合作社 | 滇黄精冻干食品制备方法 |
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