CN113854078A - Astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method - Google Patents

Astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113854078A
CN113854078A CN202010618273.8A CN202010618273A CN113854078A CN 113854078 A CN113854078 A CN 113854078A CN 202010618273 A CN202010618273 A CN 202010618273A CN 113854078 A CN113854078 A CN 113854078A
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Prior art keywords
film
pressing
sand
astragalus
covering
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Inventor
陈孟龙
王立会
俞磊明
王银库
朱光明
李雨晴
王东海
张科
张守宗
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Longde County Science And Technology Bureau
Shangyao Ningxia Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Co ltd
Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Co ltd
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Longde County Science And Technology Bureau
Shangyao Ningxia Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Co ltd
Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010618273.8A priority Critical patent/CN113854078A/en
Publication of CN113854078A publication Critical patent/CN113854078A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • A01G13/0275—Films
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for raising seedlings by laminating astragalus membranaceus and pressing sand. The seedling raising method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating astragalus seeds by using a microbial agent to obtain pretreated astragalus seeds; (2) after the base fertilizer is applied, the pretreated astragalus seeds are placed in holes of a mulching film, covered with fine soil for pressing, and covered with water for washing river sand for pressing. The astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method is high in seedling emergence rate and high in yield; the seed emergence time is short; the seedling has strong resistance and low morbidity; the soil moisture is preserved, the grass is inhibited, the air permeability is strong, and the hardening can be effectively prevented; the quality of the seedlings is good; meanwhile, the labor intensity is reduced, and the labor cost is reduced.

Description

Astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for raising seedlings by laminating films on astragalus membranaceus and pressing sand.
Background
The astragalus root has been used for more than 2000 years, and has the functions of enhancing the immunologic function of organisms, protecting the liver, promoting urination, resisting aging, resisting stress, reducing blood pressure and having wider antibacterial action.
The northwest area of China is the main production area of astragalus membranaceus, most seedlings used in traditional Chinese medicine production in the northwest area are self-breeding and self-breeding of farmers at present, the seedling culture technology does not form a unified standard, and the seedling culture is rarely carried out by using scientific and technological means. In addition, the conditions of low temperature in spring, drought and rain are also existed in northwest areas, so that astragalus membranaceus seedlings have the defects of irregular seedling growth vigor, inconsistent seedling emergence time, low seedling emergence rate, uneven quality, low seedling yield, sudden-falling disease easily caused in seedling stage and root rot easily caused in rainy season, and the planting and medicinal material quality of astragalus membranaceus are seriously affected by the problems. Therefore, the astragalus seedling raising method which has high seedling emergence rate, high yield, strong resistance and low morbidity is in urgent need.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of irregular growth vigor, inconsistent seedling emergence time, low rate of emergence, uneven quality, low seedling yield and easiness in getting damping-off or root rot of astragalus membranaceus seedlings in the prior art, and provides a method for growing seedlings by laminating and pressing sand on astragalus membranaceus. The astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method is high in seedling emergence rate and high in yield; the seed emergence time is short; the seedling has strong resistance and low morbidity; the soil moisture is preserved, the grass is inhibited, the air permeability is strong, and the hardening can be effectively prevented; the quality of the seedlings is good; meanwhile, the labor intensity is reduced, and the labor cost is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for culturing seedlings of radix astragali by covering with film and pressing with sand is provided. The seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating astragalus seeds by using a microbial agent to obtain pretreated astragalus seeds; wherein the viable count in the microbial agent is more than 40 hundred million/mL;
(2) after applying base fertilizer, placing the pretreated astragalus seeds in holes of a mulching film, covering fine soil for pressing, and then covering water for washing river sand for pressing; wherein the base fertilizer comprises biological ferment, active bacterial fertilizer, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and diammonium phosphate; the mass ratio of the biological enzyme, the active bacterial fertilizer, the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and the diammonium phosphate is (6-8): 2-3): 0.5-1.2.
In step (1) of the present invention, the pretreatment may be a soaking treatment. The pretreatment time can be more than 10 hours, and preferably 10 to 12 hours. The temperature of the pretreatment may be 22 to 30 ℃, for example 25 ℃.
The microbial agent can be bacillus subtilis whole fermentation broth. The microbial agent can be a solution obtained by diluting 100 parts of a bacillus subtilis whole fermentation broth. The number of viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis total fermentation liquid is preferably 40-50 hundred million/mL. In a preferred embodiment, the commercial source of the Bacillus subtilis whole fermentation broth is Anhui Biotech, Inc.
The astragalus seeds can be conventional astragalus seeds in the field, and are preferably new astragalus seeds with full grains, brown luster and no plant diseases and insect pests.
In step (2) of the present invention, those skilled in the art will know that the base fertilizer application step generally includes the steps of land selection and soil preparation.
Wherein the land selection is preferably a land with good soil permeability and/or soil aggregate structure, such as sandy loam land, yellow loam land or a land planted with gramineous crops.
The sandy loam land or the yellow loam land is preferably a sandy loam land or a yellow loam land which has flat terrain, good irrigation and drainage and strong water and fertility preservation. The gramineous crop can be a gramineous crop conventional in the art, such as potato, wheat or millet.
Wherein, the land preparation generally refers to raking and leveling land; soil preparation is preferably carried out 30 days before seedling raising.
The soil preparation equipment can be a deep scarification and rotary tillage integrated machine. The operation depth of the deep scarification and rotary tillage integrated machine can be the conventional operation depth in the field, and is preferably 35-45 cm. The operation requirements of the deep scarification and rotary tillage integrated machine can be conventional operation requirements in the field, and generally include deep ploughing, fine leveling, land loosening, weed root removal, previous crop removal, weed straw, stones, branches, mulching films and the like. Wherein, after the land is loosened, the diameter of the soil block particles can be below 2cm generally.
The mass ratio of the biological ferment-active bacterial fertilizer to the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer to the diammonium phosphate is preferably 7.5:2.5: 1. For example, the base fertilizer may include 150 kg/acre of bioferment/active bacterial manure, 50 kg/acre of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, and 20 kg/acre of diammonium phosphate.
The biological ferment/active bacterial manure is generally commercially available. The main components of the biological ferment and the active bacterial fertilizer can comprise organic fertilizer, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis. The biological ferment and the active bacterial manure have the effective activity of more than 0.20 hundred million/g, the humic acid content of less than 20 percent and the organic matter content of more than 40 percent. In a preferred embodiment, the commercially available source of bioferment-active bacterial manure is ningxia wuzhou hui benevolence biofertilizer limited.
The potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is generally available on the market. N, P in the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer2O5And K2The mass ratio of O may be 12: 18: 15. in a preferred embodiment, the commercially available source of the potassium sulfate-type compound fertilizer is Ningxia Jinniu group fertilizer, Inc.
The diammonium phosphate is generally commercially available. The total nutrient of the diammonium phosphate can be more than 64%. N and P in the diammonium phosphate2O5May be 18: 46. in a preferred embodiment, the commercially available source of diammonium phosphate is Yunnan Sanhua New Fertilizer Co.
When the base fertilizer is applied, the soil and the fertilizer are fully mixed and uniformly mixed; preferably, the base fertilizer is applied in one time in enough dosage. The skilled person can fertilize again according to the actual situation, for example, the astragalus membranaceus can be fertilized again when the seedlings grow.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the application of the base fertilizer generally includes the steps of ridging, perforating the mulch film, and mulching the mulch film.
Wherein the ridging may be one conventional in the art. The height of the ridge can be 12-15 cm. The width of the ridge surface of the ridge can be 100 cm. The distance between every two ridges can be 15-20 cm. The direction of the ridges may be a direction perpendicular to the contour of the land.
Wherein the mulch film perforation can be the mulch film perforation which is conventional in the field; generally, the hole can be punched by a punching machine. The distance between every two holes can be 8-10 cm.
Wherein, the mulching film is preferably used for mulching the mulching film in the soil moisture after ridging. The person skilled in the art generally knows that when covering the mulching film, the upper end of the mulching film can be pulled flat, and the two ends of the mulching film can be compacted, preferably soil is compacted at a distance of 4-6 m, so that the mulching film is prevented from being lifted when wind blows.
The mulching film covering equipment can be a mulching film covering machine. The width of the mulching film can be more than 120 cm. The thickness of the mulching film can be more than 0.01 mm. The length of the mulching film can be selected according to the area of the land. The mulching film can be a polyethylene plastic film. The mulch film may be black in color.
Placing the pretreated astragalus seeds in mulching film holes can be sowing according to the routine in the field.
And preferably airing the water on the surface of the seed coat of the pretreated astragalus seeds before sowing.
Wherein, the sowing time is preferably from middle and last of 4 months to middle and last of 5 months.
The temperature of the seeding can be 15-25 ℃, for example 20 ℃.
The humidity of the seeding can be 20-40%, such as 30%.
The seeding quantity of the seeding can be 8-10 kg/mu; for example 9 kg/acre. Wherein the number of seeds in each hole can be 50-60; for example 60 grains.
The fine soil can be fine soil which is conventional in the field, and generally refers to soil with the maximum particle size of below 4.75mm and the nominal maximum particle size of below 2.36 mm.
The thickness of the fine soil can be the conventional thickness of fine soil in the field, and is preferably the thickness which can enable the astragalus seeds to be in sufficient contact with soil, such as 0.8-1.0 cm.
The thickness of the washed river sand can be the thickness of completely covering the holes, and is generally less than 2cm, and preferably 1.5-2 cm.
The washed river sand may be conventional washed river sand in the art, generally refers to washed river sand that is clean in water and free of impurities, and is preferably dried washed river sand. Wherein, the water washed river sand generally refers to the water washed river sand after being screened. The mesh number of the screening is 0.3. The particle size of the river sand washed by water can be below 0.2 cm.
In the invention, when the sowing is finished, the astragalus seeds should be subjected to field management after emergence. The field management may include weed management, moisture management, and nutrient management.
Wherein the weeding management can be conventional weeding management in the field; generally, the astragalus seeds are immediately weeded after emergence of seedlings; weeding can be carried out by weeding cloth among the ridge intervals, and manual weeding can be carried out in holes. The period of the herbicidal management may be a seedling stage and/or a seedling stage.
Wherein the moisture management may be conventional in the art; the skilled person knows that the astragalus root consumes less water in the seedling stage, and can generally depend on natural rainfall to meet the requirement of the astragalus root in the seedling growth stage. The person skilled in the art can carry out irrigation or drainage according to the actual situation; for example, in a high-temperature arid climate, astragalus membranaceus should be irrigated in time, wherein the irrigation is preferably spray irrigation; or, in rainy season, the land parcel which is easy to accumulate water should be drained in time, so that the death of the seedlings caused by the accumulated water is avoided.
Wherein the nutrient management can be conventional nutrient management in the field, and the skilled person knows that the dosage of the radix astragali base fertilizer can meet the requirement of the seedling growth period; the skilled person can supplement fertilizer in proper amount according to actual conditions. For example, when the astragalus membranaceus seedlings have a nutrient deficiency symptom, a proper amount of fertilizer can be supplemented at a proper time, wherein the fertilizer is preferably supplemented in a mode of being sprayed on the leaf surfaces.
In the present invention, the skilled person should know that the astragalus root after seedling cultivation further comprises a seedling digging step.
Wherein, the timing of picking and digging the seedlings can be after soil thawing and before astragalus root seedlings germinate. The seedling picking and digging mode can be that the seedling is manually dug up by a four-tooth iron rake, soil is shaken off, and the seedling is picked out. Wherein, when digging the seedling, attention should be paid to avoid damaging the root of the seedling.
Wherein, after the seedlings are classified, the seedlings can be bound into small bundles by grass ropes and/or plastic ropes according to different grades. Wherein, the small handle can be 500-1000 g/handle.
On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.
The reagents and starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) the astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling culture method is high in seedling emergence rate and high in yield; the seed emergence time is short; the seedling has strong resistance and low morbidity; the soil moisture is preserved, the grass is inhibited, the air permeability is strong, and the hardening can be effectively prevented; the quality of the seedlings is good;
(2) the astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method can reduce labor intensity and labor cost.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were selected according to the conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commercial instructions.
The commercial sources of the starting materials used in the following examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Raw materials Commercial source
Bacillus subtilis whole fermentation liquor (Bai xi le) ANHUI KEKANG BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
Biological ferment active bacterial fertilizer NINGXIA WUZHONG HUIREN BIOLOGICAL FERTILIZER Co.,Ltd.
Potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer Ningxia Jinniu group fertilizer Limited liability company
Diammonium phosphate Yunan Sanhua Xinsheng chemical fertilizer Co Ltd
Example 1
1. Land selection
A sandy loam land which has flat topography, good irrigation and drainage and strong water and fertility preservation and is used as a seedling raising land and the previous crop of potato is selected.
2. Soil preparation
Soil preparation is carried out 30 days before growing seedlings, adopts subsoiling and rotary tillage all-in-one machine operation 35 ~ 45cm, and with land harrow flattening, the operation requirement is: deeply ploughing, finely leveling and loosening the land, and timely removing weed roots, previous crops, weed straws, stones, branches, mulching films and other impurities; wherein, after loosening the land, the diameter of the soil block particles is less than 2 cm.
3. Base fertilizer application
When the base fertilizer is applied, the soil and the base fertilizer are fully mixed until the mixture is uniform, and the base fertilizer is preferably applied at one time;
wherein the base fertilizer comprises 150 kg/mu of biological ferment/active bacterial fertilizer, 50 kg/mu of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate;
wherein the effective activity of the biological ferment and the active bacterial fertilizer is more than or equal to 0.20 hundred million/g, the humic acid is less than or equal to 20 percent, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 40 percent; N-P in potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer2O5-K2The mass ratio of O can be 12-18-15; the total nutrient content of diammonium phosphate is above 64%, and N-P content in diammonium phosphate2O5The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 18-46-0;
wherein, when the astragalus root seedling growth period needs fertilizer, additional fertilizer can be applied as appropriate.
4. Ridging
And ridging according to the requirements that the height of each ridge is 12-15 cm, the width of each ridge surface is 100cm, the distance between every two ridges is 15-20 cm, and the direction of each ridge is perpendicular to the contour line of the seedling raising land.
5. Perforating and mulching film
And (3) mulching film punching: and mechanically punching by using a punching machine with the hole spacing of 8-10 cm.
Mulching film covering: and covering a mulching film while the soil is wet after ridging, paving the mulching film by using a film covering machine, selecting a black polyethylene plastic film with the width of 120cm and the thickness of more than 0.01mm as the mulching film, flattening the upper end and compacting the two ends when covering the mulching film, and pressing the soil according to the interval of 4-6 m to prevent the mulching film from being lifted when wind blows.
6. Seedling raising
(1) Seed pretreatment
Selecting new astragalus seeds with full grains, brown and glossy color and no diseases and insect pests, soaking the new astragalus seeds in a microbial agent for 12 hours, taking out the new astragalus seeds and airing water on the surface of a seed coat to obtain pretreated astragalus seeds;
wherein the microbial agent is a bacillus subtilis whole fermentation broth (Baixile), and the viable count is more than or equal to 40 hundred million/mL.
(2) Seeding
Uniformly spreading the pretreated astragalus seeds in holes of the mulching film in the last ten days of 5 months (at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 30%), lightly covering and pressing fine soil with the thickness of 0.8-1 cm to ensure that the seeds are fully contacted with the soil, lightly covering and pressing water-washing river sand with the thickness of 1.5-2.0 cm, and completely covering the holes by the water-washing river sand;
wherein, the washed river sand is sieved by a sieve of 0.3 meshes to obtain the washed river sand with the particle size of less than 0.2 cm; removing impurities, washing with water, and keeping dry;
the seeding quantity is 8-10 kg/mu, and the seeding number in each hole is 50-60 grains.
(3) Management of field
Weeding management: weeding is carried out in time after the astragalus membranaceus seedlings emerge, weeding is carried out between ridge intervals by using weeding cloth, and artificial weeding is carried out in holes; mainly preventing and controlling weeds in the seedling emergence stage and the seedling stage;
water content management: the water consumption of the astragalus membranaceus in the seedling stage is low, and the requirement of the astragalus membranaceus in the seedling stage can be met only by natural rainfall; sprinkling irrigation and irrigation are carried out in time when high temperature drought or seedling emergence period occurs; in rainy season, the land parcel which is easy to accumulate water is drained in time, so that the death of seedlings caused by the accumulated water is avoided;
nutrient management: sufficient base fertilizer can meet the requirement of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings in the growth period, but due to different soil background, part of astragalus membranaceus seedlings in the land can be lack of elements, and a proper amount of related nutrients can be sprayed on the leaf surfaces according to the element deficiency symptom of the seedlings;
7. seedling picking and digging
In spring of the next year, a straw crusher (stalk-beating machine) is used for crushing dry overground parts of astragalus membranaceus seedlings before soil thawing, and a mulching film picking machine is used for removing mulching films; after the soil is unfrozen and before the astragalus membranaceus seedlings germinate, manually digging up the seedlings by using a four-tooth iron rake (paying attention to avoid damaging roots), shaking off the soil, picking out the seedlings, classifying the seedlings, and tying the seedlings into small bundles by using straw ropes according to different grades.
Comparative example 1
In comparative example 1, astragalus seeds were not pretreated before sowing, and new astragalus seeds having full grains, brown color, luster and no plant diseases and insect pests were directly and uniformly scattered in the holes of the mulching film, and the rest were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
In comparative example 2, the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the astragalus seeds were not subjected to the compacting pretreatment with the river sand washed during sowing.
Comparative example 3
The base fertilizers in comparative example 3 were 150 kg/mu of a common organic fertilizer (yunan haili industry, llc), 50 kg/mu of a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, and 20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, and the others were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
The base fertilizers in the comparative example 4 were 50 kg/mu potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 20 kg/mu diammonium phosphate, and the others were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
In comparative example 5, the dilution ratio of the microbial inoculum was 200 times and the viable count was 20 hundred million/mL in the pretreatment of the seeds, and the other examples are the same as example 1.
Effect example 1
The seedling emergence rate, the seedling yield, the seedling emergence time and the seedling morbidity in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were evaluated, and the results are shown in table 2.
Wherein, the seedling emergence rate is the percentage of the number of the broken seeds and the total number of the seeds;
the seedling yield is the yield of one mu of astragalus seedlings;
the seedling emergence time refers to the average time from sowing to seedling emergence of one mu of astragalus seeds;
the seedling incidence rate refers to the percentage of the number of seedlings and the total number of seeds of the astragalus seedlings with damping-off, epidemic disease or root rot in the period from seedling emergence to digging.
TABLE 2
Figure RE-GDA0002632939270000091
Figure RE-GDA0002632939270000101
As can be seen from Table 2, the Astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method in the embodiment 1 has high seedling emergence rate and high yield; the seed emergence time is short; the seedling has strong resistance and low morbidity;
the astragalus seedling raising methods in the comparative examples 1 and 5 have lower seedling emergence rate and lower yield; the seedling emergence time of the seeds is long; the seedling resistance is weak, and the incidence rate is high; the seedling quality is general;
the astragalus seedling raising method in the comparative examples 2-4 is low in seedling emergence rate and yield; the seedling resistance is weak, and the incidence rate is high; the quality of the seedlings is general.
The astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method in the embodiment 1 has the advantages of soil moisture conservation, grass inhibition, strong air permeability and capability of effectively preventing hardening; the quality of the seedlings is good; the labor intensity is effectively reduced, and the labor cost is reduced; the astragalus membranaceus seedling raising method in comparative examples 1-5 does not have the advantages.

Claims (10)

1. A method for raising seedlings by covering films on astragalus membranaceus and pressing sand is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreating astragalus seeds by using a microbial agent to obtain pretreated astragalus seeds; wherein the viable count in the microbial agent is more than 40 hundred million/mL;
(2) after applying base fertilizer, placing the pretreated astragalus seeds in holes of a mulching film, covering fine soil for pressing, and then covering water for washing river sand for pressing; wherein the base fertilizer comprises biological ferment, active bacterial fertilizer, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and diammonium phosphate; the mass ratio of the biological enzyme, the active bacterial fertilizer, the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and the diammonium phosphate is (6-8): 2-3): 0.5-1.2.
2. The astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the pretreatment mode is soaking treatment;
and/or the pretreatment time is more than 10 hours, preferably 10-12 hours;
and/or the temperature of the pretreatment is 22-30 ℃, such as 25 ℃.
3. The astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the microbial agent is a bacillus subtilis whole fermentation broth; preferably, the bacillus subtilis whole fermentation broth is diluted by 100;
the number of viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis total fermentation liquid is preferably 40-50 hundred million/mL.
4. The astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the step of land selection and land preparation is included before the base fertilizer is applied;
the land selection is preferably sandy loam land, yellow loam land or land planted with gramineous crops;
the soil preparation is preferably performed 30 days before the seedling culture.
5. The astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the mass ratio of the biological ferment-active bacterial fertilizer to the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer to the diammonium phosphate is 7.5:2.5: 1.
6. The astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1 or 5, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the biological ferment and the active bacterial manure have effective activity of more than 0.20 hundred million/g, humic acid of less than 20 percent and organic matter of more than 40 percent;
and/or N, P in the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 12: 18: 15;
and/or the total nutrient of the diammonium phosphate is more than 64%;
and/or, N and P in the diammonium phosphate2O5Is 18: 46.
7. the astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the steps of ridging, mulching film punching and mulching film covering are also included after the base fertilizer is applied.
8. The astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), placing the pretreated astragalus seeds in mulching film holes for sowing;
the sowing time is from middle and last ten days of 4 months to middle and last ten days of 5 months;
and/or the seeding temperature is 15-25 ℃, for example 25 ℃;
and/or the humidity of the sowing is 20-40%, such as 30%;
and/or the seeding quantity of the seeding is 8-10 kg/mu; for example 9 kg/acre.
9. The astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the thickness of the fine soil is 0.8-1.0 cm;
and/or the thickness of the washed river sand is less than 2cm, preferably 1.5-2 cm.
10. The astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1 or 9, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the washed river sand is dry washed river sand;
and/or the screening mesh number of the water-washed river sand is 0.3;
and/or the particle size of the water-washed river sand is less than 0.2 cm.
CN202010618273.8A 2020-06-30 2020-06-30 Astragalus membranaceus film-covering sand-pressing seedling raising method Pending CN113854078A (en)

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Application publication date: 20211231