CN113785730A - Management method for bougainvillea spectabilis - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a tube-culturing method of a bridge bougainvillea spectabilis, belonging to the technical field of garden agriculture, wherein a flower box is sequentially filled with a 5-10cm ceramsite drainage layer, a water-permeable geotextile filter layer is laid on the ceramsite, and then a matrix layer and a soil layer are sequentially added, so that sufficient water in the early stage of planting is ensured, pinching is performed after survival to control over-growth, watering is performed every 1-3 days before field planting, water is supplied when the soil is dry after budding, fertilization is performed by combining water and fertilizer with dry fertilizer, the fertilization frequency is 5 d-7 d, and the concentration is 0.15% -0.2%; in the vegetative growth period, the nitrogen fertilizer content is properly increased on the basis of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced compound fertilizer; in the flower promoting and blooming seasons, the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is increased on the basis of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced compound fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is additionally applied before winter comes to enhance the cold resistance of plants; the method can improve the breeding efficiency of bougainvillea spectabilis through scientific and reasonable management and protection.

Description

Management method for bougainvillea spectabilis

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of garden agriculture, in particular to a management and cultivation method for bougainvillea spectabilis.

Background

The overpass greening is a process of planting by arranging flower grooves on two sides of a pedestrian overpass or an overpass by utilizing plant materials to form greening and landscape beautifying effects. The overpass greening is one of the important expression forms of urban three-dimensional greening. The overpass greening has the remarkable effects of cooling, heat dissipation, humidification, heat insulation and sound insulation of the city, air purification and the like, and can effectively improve the living environment of urban residents, beautify living space and increase urban characteristics. The urban small-size golden-scale soil is used for bridge greening, the space on two sides of the bridge is utilized, the occupied land is not increased, and a method for solving the contradiction between ecological environment improvement of urban residents and insufficient plane greening area is provided. The overpass greening is implemented in some domestic cities, the used plants are various, and the bougainvillea spectabilis in the south China has a good effect.

Bougainvillea spectabilis, also known as phyllanthus niveus, is a vine-like shrub of the genus phyllanthus of the family Mirabilis. Thick stem, drooping branches, no hair or loose hair; thorns grow at the armpits and grow 5-15 mm. The leaves are paper, ovoid or ovoid, are coated with needles, and are favored in warm and humid climates, cold-resistance and sufficient light. The variety is various, the plant adaptability is strong, the plant can be widely distributed in southern areas, and the plant can be cultivated in cold northern areas. The flowering period of bougainvillea spectabilis is generally from October of the current year to June of the next year, and the cotyledon ladysthum is large, bright in color like a flower, long in duration and good in flower viewing value.

The overpass is mostly positioned on a busy main traffic road, has unique microclimate and is mainly characterized by serious air pollution; the heat radiation causes drastic temperature changes; the road light and the vehicle light influence the normal physiological cycle of plants; because the high buildings on the two sides of the road are shielded to reduce the illumination intensity, extensive maintenance management cannot enable plants to be suitable for growing in relatively severe overpass climatic environments.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a management method of the overbridge bougainvillea spectabilis.

The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

a management method of bougainvillea spectabilis comprises the following steps:

(1) cleaning sludge garbage in a flower box before construction and planting, filling a ceramsite drainage layer with the height of 5-10cm, paving a water-permeable geotextile filter layer on the ceramsite, sequentially adding a matrix layer and a soil layer according to the height of a planting groove and the height of a plant, covering the roots of the plant with soil and tamping the plant during planting, and pouring root fixing water to ensure sufficient water; after the scion is planted and survived, pinching is carried out when the young shoot of the scion grows to 30-40cm, overlength growth is controlled, and wind damage is reduced;

(2) supplying water and fertilizing, supplying water by using an electromagnetic valve automatic sprinkling irrigation system, watering every 1-3 days before planting, supplying water when the soil is dry after buds appear, irrigating in the morning or at night in summer and autumn, and irrigating in the morning and at noon in winter; the fertilizer is applied by combining water fertilizer with dry fertilizer, the frequency of the fertilizer application is 5 d-7 d, and the concentration is 0.15-0.2%; the nitrogen fertilizer content is increased in the vegetative growth period; the content of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is increased in the flower promoting and flowering seasons, and the potassium fertilizer is additionally applied before winter comes to enhance the cold resistance of plants; watering and cleaning the leaf surfaces in time after applying water fertilizer or dry fertilizer; the base fertilizer is applied by matching an organic fertilizer with a microbial fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is applied once in spring and autumn every year, the dosage is 50g per square meter, and the microbial fertilizer is applied once every quarter;

(3) and trimming is carried out once in each of march and november every year.

Preferably, the bougainvillea spectabilis is watered once every 3 to 5 days after budding, the soil is loosened and the roots are cut off every 10 to 15 days, and the root cutting rate is 20 to 30 percent.

Preferably, the application method of the dry fertilizer comprises the steps of digging a soil ditch between every two bougainvillea spectabilis plants in the planting tank to dig out the original matrix, applying the base fertilizer in the soil ditch, covering the improved matrix soil, and then watering to thoroughly soak the whole planting tank.

Preferably, the width of the soil ditch is 13-17 cm, the depth of the soil ditch is 13-17 cm, and the soil ditch is positioned at the central position between two bougainvillea spectabilis.

Preferably, the watering soaking keeps the soil humidity of the planting groove at 20-30%.

Preferably, the pruning keeps two thirds of the original height of the plant, the shaping treatment is carried out, all the bare-rooted branches, the inner bore branches, the weak branches and the overlapped branches are pruned, and 20-30% of the lateral branches are pruned.

Preferably, the dry fertilizer comprises a slow release preparation of a multi-element water-soluble fertilizer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

weighing sodium lignosulfonate, dissolving the sodium lignosulfonate in deionized water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1-4g/100ml, stirring and mixing for 1-10min at normal temperature, adding sodium alginate and konjac flour according to a material-liquid ratio of 1-4g/100ml and 1-2g/100ml respectively, continuously stirring and mixing for 2-4h to obtain a mixed solution A, adding a 0.1-0.2mol/L calcium chloride solution of 50% of the volume of the mixed solution A, continuously stirring and reacting for 0.5-1h, soaking the mixed solution A in deionized water after repeated freeze-thaw treatment, cutting the soaked water into small blocks, adding an aluminum chloride ethanol solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2mol/L, soaking for 24h, performing annealing treatment in air at the annealing temperature of 300-, filtering, drying, spraying 75-85% ethanol solution on the surface, wetting, coating lignin powder on the fertilizer-carrying slow-release carrier, spraying a layer of cellulose acetate butyrate and ethyl acetate of liquid paraffin on the surface, and drying to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.

Preferably, the dry fertilizer also comprises modified silica nanoparticles, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Dissolving CTAB in dimethylformamide to prepare a solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.6 wt.%, adding 25 wt.% concentrated ammonia water according to 1-3% of the volume of the solution, adding 2-3 times of volume of deionized water for dilution, adding deionized water with the same volume as that of a mixed system for dilution and dispersion after vigorous stirring to obtain a first mixed solution, dropwise adding ethyl orthosilicate with the same volume as that of the concentrated ammonia water into the first mixed solution under the stirring condition, stirring and reacting at 30-40 ℃ for 10-20h after dropwise adding is finished, centrifugally separating and precipitating, washing the precipitate with ethanol, dispersing the precipitate in a mixed solution of absolute ethanol and 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid, stirring and reacting at 50-60 ℃ for 1-3h, centrifugally separating and precipitating, washing the precipitate with deionized water to be neutral, drying, heating to 500-550 ℃ at 4-5 ℃/min, and carrying out heat treatment for 4-6h, cooling to obtain mesoporous silica nano particles;

(2) modified load

Weighing yttrium, ytterbium and thulium acetate according to a molar ratio of 100 (10-30) (0-0.5), dissolving the yttrium, ytterbium and thulium acetate in methanol to prepare a solution with the metal content of 0.2mol/L to obtain a mixed solution B, sequentially adding oleic acid and 1-octadecene to mix, adding the mesoporous silica nanoparticles according to a material-liquid ratio of 50g/L to disperse, hermetically heating to 140 ℃ and 150 ℃ and preserving heat for 30-60min, cooling to below 50 ℃, dropwise adding a methanol mixed solution of ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide under a stirring condition, preserving heat, stirring and reacting for 10-30min, evaporating the solvent, heating to 400 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min under a nitrogen atmosphere and preserving heat for 1.5-2h, cooling to room temperature, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the modified silica nanoparticles;

wherein the volume ratio of the mixed solution B to the methanol mixed solution of oleic acid, 1-octadecene, ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide is 2: 3: 7: 6, the concentrations of the ammonium fluoride and the sodium hydroxide in the methanol mixed solution of the ammonium fluoride and the sodium hydroxide are respectively 10g/L and 6 g/L.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) according to the method, the situations that the bougainvillea spectabilis propagation colonization efficiency is low and the flowering rate is poor due to the deficiency of the tube culture mode in the overbridge greening planting process are improved through scientific and reasonable management and protection, the survival rate of the bougainvillea spectabilis can be improved, and the method has a good popularization effect.

(2) The bougainvillea spectabilis fertilizer is characterized in that a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are needed in the growth process due to the fact that flowers are abundant, the flowering period is long, the consumed nutrients are large, the fertilizer and the nutrients need to be supplemented in time due to the fact that the pot soil is small, the nutrients are limited, natural sodium alginate and konjac flour are used as gel materials to prepare gel, the gel is subjected to gradient distribution with content increasing from inside to outside through natural penetration and diffusion of aluminum ions, an aluminum oxide hollow material with a layered structure is prepared through an annealing process and used for loading of a multi-element composite water-soluble fertilizer, fertilizer slow release can be achieved, long-acting fertility is provided for bougainvillea spectabilis, and the frequency of artificial fertilization is reduced.

(3) The bougainvillea spectabilis is sufficient in illumination, but the illumination intensity received by bougainvillea spectabilis at the two sides of the overpass road is reduced by the sheltering of high buildings and the overpass is not beneficial to the photosynthesis and growth of the overpass greening bougainvillea spectabilis; NaYF₄: yb is a fluoride up-conversion fluorescent host material with low phonon energy and high fluorescence efficiency, and is doped with a sensitizing agent Yb³⁺The ions can absorb near infrared light (980nm) and generate light conversion, and NaYF is used in the invention₄The method is characterized in that the method is an infrared absorbent, non-toxic mesoporous silica nanoparticles are used as a carrier, the photosynthesis of bougainvillea glabra is promoted through plant absorption, further, the method takes the silica nanoparticles with the mesoporous structure prepared by a template method as the carrier, and Yb and Tm doped NaYF₄As an absorbent, near infrared light is utilized by photosynthesis of plants by light conversion, and the photosynthetic efficiency of bougainvillea spectabilis is improved to promote growth.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following examples.

Example 1

A management method of bougainvillea spectabilis comprises the following steps:

(1) cleaning sludge garbage in a flower box before construction and planting, filling a ceramsite drainage layer with the height of 5-10cm, paving a water-permeable geotextile filter layer on the ceramsite, sequentially adding a matrix layer and a soil layer according to the height of a planting groove and the height of a plant, covering the roots of the plant with soil and tamping the plant during planting, and pouring root fixing water to ensure sufficient water; after the scion is planted and survived, pinching is carried out when the young shoot of the scion grows to 30-40cm, overlength growth is controlled, and wind damage is reduced;

(2) supplying water and fertilizing, supplying water by using an electromagnetic valve automatic sprinkling irrigation system, watering every 1-3 days before planting, watering every 3-5 days after budding, loosening soil and breaking roots every 10-15 days, wherein the root breaking rate is 20-30%, irrigating in the morning and in the evening in summer and autumn, and irrigating in the morning and in the evening in winter;

the fertilizer is applied by combining water fertilizer with dry fertilizer, the frequency of the fertilizer application is 5 d-7 d, and the concentration is 0.15-0.2%; digging a soil ditch with the width of 13-17 cm and the depth of 13-17 cm at the center of every two bougainvillea spectabilis plants in a planting groove to dig out the original matrix, applying a base fertilizer in the soil ditch, covering and improving matrix soil, and then pouring water to thoroughly soak the whole planting groove to keep the soil humidity of the planting groove at 20-30%;

the nitrogen fertilizer content is increased in the vegetative growth period, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer content is increased in the flower promoting and flowering seasons, and the potassium fertilizer is applied before winter comes to enhance the cold resistance of plants; watering and cleaning the leaf surfaces in time after applying water fertilizer or dry fertilizer; the base fertilizer is applied by matching an organic fertilizer with a microbial fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is applied once in spring and autumn every year, the dosage is 50g per square meter, and the microbial fertilizer is applied once every quarter;

(3) pruning, namely pruning once in each of march and november every year, reserving two thirds of the original height of the plant, performing shaping treatment, pruning all bare branches, inner chamber branches, weak branches and overlapped branches, and pruning 20-30% of side branches;

the dry fertilizer is a slow release preparation of a multi-element water-soluble fertilizer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

weighing sodium lignosulfonate, dissolving the sodium lignosulfonate in deionized water according to a material-liquid ratio of 2g/100ml, stirring and mixing for 10min at normal temperature, adding sodium alginate and konjac flour according to a material-liquid ratio of 4g/100ml and 2g/100ml respectively, continuously stirring and mixing for 2-4h to obtain a mixed liquid B, adding a 0.12mol/L calcium chloride solution with the volume of 50% of the mixed liquid B, continuously stirring and reacting for 0.5h, repeatedly freezing and thawing, soaking in deionized water, cutting into small blocks after removing soaking water, adding an aluminum chloride ethanol solution with the concentration of 0.2mol/L, soaking for 24h, freeze-drying, annealing in air at the annealing temperature of 360 ℃ for 11min, cooling to obtain a slow release carrier, adding the slow release carrier into a composite water-soluble fertilizer for soaking load, filtering, drying, spraying 75-85% ethanol solution on the surface, wetting, coating the lignin powder on a fertilizer-carrying slow-release carrier, spraying a layer of ethyl acetate solution containing 5% of cellulose acetate butyrate and 2% of liquid paraffin on the surface of the carrier, and drying to obtain the slow-release preparation with the load of 32.43 wt.%.

Example 2

A sustained release preparation of a multi-element water soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:

weighing sodium lignosulfonate, dissolving the sodium lignosulfonate in deionized water according to a material-liquid ratio of 2g/100ml, stirring and mixing for 10min at normal temperature, adding sodium alginate and konjac flour according to a material-liquid ratio of 4g/100ml and 2g/100ml respectively, continuously stirring and mixing for 2-4h to obtain a mixed liquid B, adding a 0.12mol/L calcium chloride solution with the volume of 50% of the mixed liquid B, continuously stirring and reacting for 0.5h, repeatedly freezing and thawing, soaking in deionized water, cutting into small blocks after removing soaking water, adding an aluminum chloride ethanol solution with the concentration of 0.2mol/L, soaking for 24h, freeze-drying, annealing in air at the annealing temperature of 360 ℃ for 11min, cooling to obtain a slow release carrier, adding the slow release carrier into a composite water-soluble fertilizer, soaking for loading, filtering and drying to obtain the slow release preparation with the loading capacity of 31.24 wt.%.

Example 3

A sustained release preparation of a multi-element water soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:

according to the mass ratio of 1: 1, adding the slow release carrier into a composite water-soluble fertilizer for soaking and loading, filtering and drying, spraying 75-85% ethanol solution on the surface for wetting, coating lignin powder on the fertilizer-carrying slow release carrier, spraying a layer of ethyl acetate solution containing 5% cellulose acetate butyrate and 2% liquid paraffin on the surface, and drying to obtain the slow release preparation with the load of 27.18 wt.%.

Example 4

The method for managing and culturing the bougainvillea spectabilis is the same as the example 1, and the difference is that:

the dry fertilizer also comprises 8 wt.% of modified silica nanoparticles, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Dissolving CTAB in 100mL of dimethylformamide to prepare a solution with the concentration of 0.4 wt.%, adding 2mL of 25 wt.% concentrated ammonia water, adding 200mL of deionized water for dilution, adding 300mL of deionized water for dilution and dispersion after vigorous stirring to obtain a first mixed solution, dropwise adding 2mL of ethyl orthosilicate into the first mixed solution under the stirring condition, stirring and reacting at 30-40 ℃ for 12 hours after dropwise adding is finished, centrifugally separating and precipitating, washing the precipitate with ethanol, and dispersing the precipitate in a volume ratio of 10: 1, stirring and reacting at 50-60 ℃ for 2h, centrifugally separating and precipitating, washing the precipitate to be neutral by deionized water, drying, heating to 500 ℃ at 4-5 ℃/min, carrying out heat preservation and treatment for 5h, and cooling to obtain mesoporous silica nanoparticles;

(2) modified load

According to the molar ratio of 100: 30: 0.5 weighing acetate of yttrium, ytterbium and thulium, dissolving the acetate in methanol to prepare a solution with the metal content of 0.2mol/L to obtain a mixed solution B, sequentially adding oleic acid and 1-octadecene for mixing, adding the mesoporous silica nanoparticles according to the material-liquid ratio of 50g/L for dispersion, hermetically heating to 140-150 ℃, preserving heat for 30-60min, cooling to below 50 ℃, dropwise adding a methanol mixed solution of ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide under the stirring condition, preserving heat, stirring for reaction for 10-30min, evaporating the solvent, heating to 400 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min under the nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 1.5-2h, cooling to room temperature, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the modified silica nanoparticles;

wherein the volume ratio of the mixed solution B to the methanol mixed solution of oleic acid, 1-octadecene, ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide is 2: 3: 7: 6, the concentrations of the ammonium fluoride and the sodium hydroxide in the methanol mixed solution of the ammonium fluoride and the sodium hydroxide are respectively 10g/L and 6 g/L.

Example 5

The method for managing and culturing the bougainvillea spectabilis is the same as the method in the embodiment 2, and the difference is that:

the preparation method of the modified silica nanoparticle comprises the following steps:

(1) preparation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Dissolving CTAB in 100mL of dimethylformamide to prepare a solution with the concentration of 0.4 wt.%, adding 2mL of 25 wt.% concentrated ammonia water, adding 200mL of deionized water for dilution, adding 300mL of deionized water for dilution and dispersion after vigorous stirring to obtain a first mixed solution, dropwise adding 2mL of ethyl orthosilicate into the first mixed solution under the stirring condition, stirring and reacting at 30-40 ℃ for 12 hours after dropwise adding is finished, centrifugally separating and precipitating, washing the precipitate with ethanol, and dispersing the precipitate in a volume ratio of 10: 1, stirring and reacting at 50-60 ℃ for 2h, centrifugally separating and precipitating, washing the precipitate to be neutral by deionized water, drying, heating to 500 ℃ at 4-5 ℃/min, carrying out heat preservation and treatment for 5h, and cooling to obtain mesoporous silica nanoparticles;

(2) modified load

According to the molar ratio of 100: weighing yttrium and ytterbium acetate, dissolving the yttrium and ytterbium acetate in methanol to prepare a solution with the metal content of 0.2mol/L to obtain a mixed solution B, sequentially adding oleic acid and 1-octadecene to mix, adding the mesoporous silica nanoparticles according to the material-to-liquid ratio of 50g/L to disperse, hermetically heating to 140-150 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30-60min, cooling to below 50 ℃, dropwise adding the ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide methanol mixed solution under the stirring condition, keeping the temperature and stirring for reaction for 10-30min, evaporating the solvent, heating to 400 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min under the nitrogen atmosphere, keeping the temperature for 1.5-2h, cooling to room temperature, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the modified silica nanoparticles;

wherein the volume ratio of the mixed solution B to the methanol mixed solution of oleic acid, 1-octadecene, ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide is 2: 3: 7: 6, the concentrations of the ammonium fluoride and the sodium hydroxide in the methanol mixed solution of the ammonium fluoride and the sodium hydroxide are respectively 10g/L and 6 g/L.

Examples of the experiments

1. Slow release fertilizer effect

Filling 2cm of quartz sand into a chromatographic column with a sand core, which is 30cm high and 5.8cm in inner diameter, then filling 250g of the sustained-release preparation described in the embodiments 1, 2 and 3, and covering the column with 2cm of quartz sand to prevent disturbance when water is added; adding 250mL (based on the fact that water seeps out from the bottom of the plastic cup) of water for the first time to enable the soil moisture to be close to saturation, adding 200mL of water after culturing for 2d, collecting the leaching solution at the same time, culturing for 2d at room temperature (taking care to prevent the leaching column from being dried and cracked), performing leaching for the second time by using 200mL of water, and performing the operation according to the same procedure for each time. Namely, the culture is performed for 2d for leaching 1 time, and leaching is performed for 8 times in total.

Transferring the leaching solution into a 500mL volumetric flask, adding water to a constant volume, and detecting indexes such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and the like, wherein the result is as follows:

2. efficiency of photosynthesis

The chlorophyll content of the leaves of the prune leaves of examples 1, 4, 5 under the same culture conditions was measured by comparing unmodified supported mesoporous silica nanoparticles (application time 14d), 0.05g of the leaves were cut into pieces, and the volume ratio was 1: 1, soaking in 10ml of acetone-ethanol mixed solution, covering and placing in a dark place, and measuring the content of chlorophyll, wherein the measurement results are as follows:

	example 1	Example 4	Example 5	Comparison of
					Chlorophyll content (mg/g)	2.1517	3.1274	2.2604	2.1423

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A management method for bougainvillea spectabilis is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) cleaning sludge garbage in a flower box before construction and planting, filling a ceramsite drainage layer with the height of 5-10cm, paving a water-permeable geotextile filter layer on the ceramsite, sequentially adding a matrix layer and a soil layer according to the height of a planting groove and the height of a plant, covering the roots of the plant with soil and tamping the plant during planting, and pouring root fixing water to ensure sufficient water; after the scion is planted and survived, pinching is carried out when the young shoot of the scion grows to 30-40cm, overlength growth is controlled, and wind damage is reduced;

(2) supplying water and fertilizing, supplying water by using an electromagnetic valve automatic sprinkling irrigation system, watering every 1-3 days before planting, supplying water when the soil is dry after buds appear, irrigating in the morning or at night in summer and autumn, and irrigating in the morning and at noon in winter; the fertilizer is applied by combining water fertilizer with dry fertilizer, the frequency of the fertilizer application is 5 d-7 d, and the concentration is 0.15-0.2%; the nitrogen fertilizer content is increased in the vegetative growth period; the content of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is increased in the flower promoting and flowering seasons, and the potassium fertilizer is additionally applied before winter comes to enhance the cold resistance of plants; watering and cleaning the leaf surfaces in time after applying water fertilizer or dry fertilizer; the base fertilizer is applied by matching an organic fertilizer with a microbial fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is applied once in spring and autumn every year, the dosage is 50g per square meter, and the microbial fertilizer is applied once every quarter;

(3) and trimming is carried out once in each of march and november every year.

2. The method for managing and cultivating bougainvillea spectabilis according to claim 1, wherein the bougainvillea spectabilis is watered once every 3-5 days after budding, the roots are loosened every 10-15 days, and the root breaking rate is 20-30%.

3. The method for managing and cultivating bougainvillea spectabilis according to claim 1, wherein the dry fertilizer is applied by digging a trench between every two bougainvillea spectabilis in the planting groove to dig out the original substrate, applying the base fertilizer in the trench, covering the modified substrate soil, and watering to penetrate the whole planting groove.

4. The method for managing and cultivating bougainvillea spectabilis according to claim 3, wherein the width of the trench is 13-17 cm, and the depth of the trench is 13-17 cm, and the trench is located at the center between two bougainvillea spectabilis.

5. The method for managing and cultivating bougainvillea spectabilis according to claim 3, wherein the watering saturation keeps the soil humidity of the planting tank at 20-30%.

6. The method for cultivating bougainvillea spectabilis according to claim 1, wherein two thirds of the original height of the plant is reserved by pruning, the shaping treatment is carried out, all the bare branches, the bore branches, the weak branches and the overlapped branches are pruned, and 20-30% of the lateral branches are pruned.

7. The method for managing and cultivating bougainvillea spectabilis according to claim 1, wherein the dry fertilizer comprises a slow release preparation of a multi-element water-soluble fertilizer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

weighing sodium lignosulfonate, dissolving the sodium lignosulfonate in deionized water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1-4g/100ml, stirring and mixing for 1-10min at normal temperature, adding sodium alginate and konjac flour according to a material-liquid ratio of 1-4g/100ml and 1-2g/100ml respectively, continuously stirring and mixing for 2-4h to obtain a mixed solution A, adding a 0.1-0.2mol/L calcium chloride solution of 50% of the volume of the mixed solution A, continuously stirring and reacting for 0.5-1h, soaking the mixed solution A in deionized water after repeated freeze-thaw treatment, cutting the soaked water into small blocks, adding an aluminum chloride ethanol solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2mol/L, soaking for 24h, performing annealing treatment in air at the annealing temperature of 300-, filtering, drying, spraying 75-85% ethanol solution on the surface, wetting, coating lignin powder on the fertilizer-carrying slow-release carrier, spraying a layer of cellulose acetate butyrate and ethyl acetate of liquid paraffin on the surface, and drying to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.

8. The method for managing and cultivating bougainvillea speetabilis according to claim 1, wherein the dry fertilizer further comprises modified silica nanoparticles, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Dissolving CTAB in dimethylformamide to prepare a solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.6 wt.%, adding 25 wt.% concentrated ammonia water according to 1-3% of the volume of the solution, adding 2-3 times of volume of deionized water for dilution, adding deionized water with the same volume as that of a mixed system for dilution and dispersion after vigorous stirring to obtain a first mixed solution, dropwise adding ethyl orthosilicate with the same volume as that of the concentrated ammonia water into the first mixed solution under the stirring condition, stirring and reacting at 30-40 ℃ for 10-20h after dropwise adding is finished, centrifugally separating and precipitating, washing the precipitate with ethanol, dispersing the precipitate in a mixed solution of absolute ethanol and 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid, stirring and reacting at 50-60 ℃ for 1-3h, centrifugally separating and precipitating, washing the precipitate with deionized water to be neutral, drying, heating to 500-550 ℃ at 4-5 ℃/min, and carrying out heat treatment for 4-6h, cooling to obtain mesoporous silica nano particles;

(2) modified load

Weighing yttrium, ytterbium and thulium acetate according to a molar ratio of 100 (10-30) (0-0.5), dissolving the yttrium, ytterbium and thulium acetate in methanol to prepare a solution with the metal content of 0.2mol/L to obtain a mixed solution B, sequentially adding oleic acid and 1-octadecene to mix, adding the mesoporous silica nanoparticles according to a material-liquid ratio of 50g/L to disperse, hermetically heating to 140 ℃ and 150 ℃ and preserving heat for 30-60min, cooling to below 50 ℃, dropwise adding a methanol mixed solution of ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide under a stirring condition, preserving heat, stirring and reacting for 10-30min, evaporating the solvent, heating to 400 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min under a nitrogen atmosphere and preserving heat for 1.5-2h, cooling to room temperature, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the modified silica nanoparticles;

wherein the volume ratio of the mixed solution B to the methanol mixed solution of oleic acid, 1-octadecene, ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide is 2: 3: 7: 6, the concentrations of the ammonium fluoride and the sodium hydroxide in the methanol mixed solution of the ammonium fluoride and the sodium hydroxide are respectively 10g/L and 6 g/L.