CN114938741A

CN114938741A - Efficient cutting method for 'Chongtian' beech

Info

Publication number: CN114938741A
Application number: CN202210543974.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 汤阳泽; 刘雁丽; 庄凯; 顾亚兰; 徐晶园; 王春浩
Original assignee: Jinpu Landscape Co ltd
Current assignee: Jinpu Landscape Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-05-18
Filing date: 2022-05-18
Publication date: 2022-08-26

Abstract

The invention discloses a 'Chongtian' beech efficient cuttage method which comprises the procedures of mother tree selection, cutting shoot collection, matrix preparation, cutting shoot treatment, cuttage and management after cuttage. The 'Chongtian' beech high-efficiency cutting method solves the problem of difficult cutting and breeding of the 'Chongtian' beech, is beneficial to improving the plant propagation efficiency, and has great significance for large-area popularization and application of new zelkova variety.

Description

Efficient cutting method for 'Chongtian' beech

Technical Field

The invention belongs to a breeding technology in seedling cultivation, and particularly relates to a 'Chongtian' beech efficient cuttage method.

Background

The 'Chongtian' is a new variety of excellent local tree species bred from the big leaf beech, the crown of the variety is narrow and egg-shaped, the trunk is obvious, the trunk is straight, the lateral branches are extended obliquely upwards, and the branches and leaves are dense. The blade is big, and the blade thickness is medium. The color of the leaves in summer is dark green, the leaves in autumn turn to be purple red, and the leaf fall period is late. The growth speed is high, particularly the growth quantity is large, the average tree of 6 years old is 7.8m high, the diameter at breast height is 8.9cm, and the crown width is 3.0 m. The special color-leaf arbor is suitable for garden appreciation and precious material afforestation due to excellent properties and high ornamental value, and is considered as a precious color-leaf arbor with extremely wide application prospect.

At present, the propagation and cultivation technology of the 'Chongtian' beech mainly takes cuttage propagation and grafting propagation as main parts, but the grafting propagation is time-consuming and labor-consuming. When the cuttage is carried out by the conventional technology, the rooting rate of the cuttage seedlings is low (21.67%), and the rooting rate is only 48.89% after the cuttage seedlings are soaked for 6 hours by using 400mg/L ABT1 rooting agent. Due to the backward breeding mode, the relatively insufficient market supply and the high market price, the 'rushing' beech has great demand and higher price, so that the improvement of the 'rushing' beech cuttage rooting rate and the shortening of the rooting time are the prerequisites for popularizing and applying the new zelkova variety in a large area;

at present, in 'water-sky' cultivation, the used substrates are mostly untreated grass peat and perlite, the structure is simple, the soil is loose and porous, the air permeability and the water permeability are good, but the plasticity is poor, the water absorption and fertilizer retention capacity is weak, and the 'water-sky' beech is not drought-resistant, so the improvement of the substrate of the 'water-sky' beech is also necessary.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a 'Chongtian' beech efficient cutting method.

As the conception, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the 'Chongtian' beech efficient cuttage method comprises the procedures of mother tree selection, cutting shoot collection, matrix preparation, cutting shoot treatment, cuttage and management after cuttage, and comprises the following operation steps:

(1) selecting a mother tree: selecting 1-year-old 'Chongtian' beech which is robust in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and good in quality as a mother tree;

(2) collecting cutting shoots: selecting thick branches or lateral branches on a mother tree before the sprouting of tender buds in spring in the same year, cutting the branches into cutting slips with the length of 10-15 cm and the diameter of 0.8-1 cm, reserving 4-5 buds on the cutting slips, cutting two ends of each cutting slip into flat cuts, and enabling the distance between the uppermost bud and the upper end to be 0.5-1 cm;

(3) preparing a substrate: the cutting medium is a self-made medium, and the medium is disinfected by 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder 3-5 days before cutting;

(4) and (3) cutting treatment: bundling the cutting slips, soaking the cutting slips in 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 15min, taking out and cleaning, and soaking the base parts of the cutting slips in 300-500 times of 2.5% naphthylacetic acid and 2.5% indoleacetic acid aqueous solution for 2h to obtain the cutting slips;

(5) cuttage: selecting a 32-hole forest tree high-foot hole tray in a cutting container, filling the sterilized cutting medium to 2/3 positions of each hole, adding 5g of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum, vertically inserting the cutting slips into the microbial inoculum, and covering the cutting medium until the container is full;

(6) managing after cuttage: after cutting, the plug tray is placed in a greenhouse for culture. The sun-shading net for the greenhouse is used for shading light, the shading rate is 40% -60%, a full-automatic intermittent spraying system is arranged in the greenhouse for spraying regularly, the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 8min and 20s every time, the humidity of air in the greenhouse is controlled to be 75% -85%, 1 time of 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid is sprayed every 7-10 d, and the sun-shading net can be gradually removed after 80% of cuttings take roots.

The preparation method of the self-made matrix comprises the following steps:

adding the peat soil powder into 1-2mol/l sodium chloride aqueous solution which is 80-100 times of the peat soil powder, soaking for 10-13 hours at normal temperature, adding EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid), uniformly stirring, adding the crushed chinaberry leaves and pine needle powder, continuously soaking for 2-3 hours, boiling, cooling to normal temperature, adding fresh earthworm excrement, covering and sealing for 15-20 hours, drying in the sun, and granulating to obtain the finished product.

The weight ratio of the EDTA, the turf soil powder, the chinaberry leaves, the pine needle powder and the fresh earthworm excrement is 0.1-0.2:10:2-3:1: 0.7-1.

The particle size of the granules is 1-4 mm.

The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculant is prepared by mixing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculants respectively prepared from two strains of rhizospora intraradicata and mucedingium moxidense according to the volume ratio of 1: 1.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the 'Chongtian' beech high-efficiency cutting method can obviously shorten the rooting time of the cutting seedlings and improve the rooting rate of the cutting seedlings;

2. the 'Chongtian' beech efficient cuttage method solves the problem of difficult cuttage breeding of the 'Chongtian' beech, is beneficial to improving the plant propagation efficiency, and has great significance for large-area popularization and application of new zelkova varieties;

3. the neem leaves and pine needle powder are added into the self-made matrix, and the matrix is soaked in a saline solution containing EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid), so that the dissolution of alkaloids and the like can be promoted, a good pest killing and inhibiting effect is achieved, the metal ions fixed by the EDTA have a good promoting effect on the growth of the 'Chongtian' beech, and meanwhile, the soil matrix prepared by the method has good agglomeration performance, is not easy to disperse after being soaked in water, has certain cohesiveness and has a good water retention effect. In the cooperation of wormcast, humic acid and various thallus substances contained in the wormcast can improve the activities of neutral phosphoric acid, protease, urease and sucrase in soil, thereby improving the fertilizer supply capability of the soil, improving the soil structure, adjusting the pH value of the soil and achieving the effect of balancing acid and alkali.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 shows the conditions of rooting and new leaf germination at the 40 th day after cuttage of 'Chongtian' beech by using the high-efficiency cuttage method of example 1 compared with the conventional cuttage method;

FIG. 2 shows that the high-efficiency cutting method of example 1 is used for cutting the 'Chongtian' beech, and the root system of the 'Chongtian' beech is microscopically inspected with a branch mycorrhizal structure (left) and is not inspected with an arbuscular structure (right) by the conventional method at 40 days after cutting.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, and the embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Example 1:

selecting 1-year-old 'Chongtian' beech grafted seedlings with the plant height of 2-4 m, the diameter at breast height of 4-6 cm, strong growth, no plant diseases and insect pests and good quality as parent trees. Before the young buds germinate in spring (before and after the solar term of frightening), thick branches or lateral branches on the mother tree are selected and cut into cutting slips with the length of 10-15 cm and the diameter of 0.8-1 cm, 4-5 buds are reserved on the cutting slips, two ends of each cutting slip are cut into flat cuts, and the distance between the uppermost bud and the upper end is 0.5-1 cm. Selecting a 32-hole forest high-foot hole tray as a cuttage container, adding a substrate treated by 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder (taking peat soil powder, adding the peat soil powder into 1mol/l of sodium chloride aqueous solution with the weight being 80 times of that of the peat soil, soaking the peat soil in the sodium chloride aqueous solution at normal temperature for 10 hours, adding EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid), uniformly stirring the mixture, adding smashed chinaberry leaves and pine needle powder, continuously soaking the mixture for 2 hours, cooling the mixture to normal temperature after boiling, adding fresh earthworm excrement, covering and sealing the mixture for 15 hours, drying and granulating the mixture to obtain the EDTA, the peat soil powder, the chinaberry leaves, the pine needle powder and the fresh earthworm excrement in a weight ratio of 0.1:10:3:1:0.7, and then adding 5g of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (inoculated with two strains of rhizoctonia intrarararia (Ri) and mycorrhizal fungi (Fm) which are respectively prepared according to a volume ratio of 1: 0.7); soaking the scion in 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 15min, taking out and cleaning, and soaking the base of the scion in 300-500 times of 2.5% naphthylacetic acid and 2.5% indoleacetic acid aqueous solution for 2 h. The ear strips are vertically inserted into the microbial inoculum and covered with the matrix to fill the holes. After cutting, the plug is placed in a greenhouse for culture. The sun-shading net for the greenhouse shades strong light, and the shading rate is 40-60 percent. The full-automatic intermittent spraying system is arranged in the greenhouse for spraying at regular time, the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 8min, 20s every time, and the humidity of air in the greenhouse is controlled to be 75-85%. Spraying 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder solution every 7-10 days for 1 time. And after 80% of cutting shoots root, gradually removing the sunshade net.

Comparative example 1:

selecting 1-year-old 'Chongtian' beech grafted seedlings which are strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and good in quality and have the plant height of 2-4 m and the diameter at breast height of 4-6 cm as mother trees. Selecting thick branches or side branches on a mother tree before germination of tender buds (before and after the hibernation of the tree) in spring, cutting into cutting slips with the length of 10-15 cm and the diameter of 0.8-1 cm, reserving 4-5 buds on the cutting slips, cutting two ends into flat cuts, and cutting the uppermost bud at a distance of 0.5-1 cm from the upper end. Selecting a 32-hole forest high-foot hole tray as a cuttage container, and filling with a sterilized substrate (grass carbon and vermiculite are mixed according to a volume ratio of 1: 1); soaking the ear strips in 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 15min, taking out and cleaning. And vertically inserting the scion wood into the microbial inoculum, wherein the cuttage depth is 5 cm. After cutting, the plug is placed in a greenhouse for culture. The sun-shading net for the greenhouse shades strong light, and the shading rate is 40-60 percent. The full-automatic intermittent spraying system is arranged in the greenhouse for spraying at regular time, the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 8min, 20s every time, and the humidity of air in the greenhouse is controlled to be 75-85%. Spraying 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 1 time every 7-10 days. And gradually removing the sunshade net after 80% of the cuttings are rooted.

Examples of the experiments

And (4) after 25d, the cutting seedlings start to root, and the rooting rate reaches 84.38% at 40 d.

Compared with the conventional cuttage method, the method for cuttage of the 'Chongtian' beech by using the efficient cuttage method in the embodiment 1 takes 32 plants as an example, and the method is specifically shown in the table 1:

compared with the conventional cutting method, the method for cutting the 'Chongtian' beech by using the efficient cutting method in the embodiment 1 has the conditions of rooting and new leaf germination in the 40 th day after cutting, which is shown in figure 1 in particular;

the 'rushing' beech is cut by using the efficient cutting method of example 1, and at 40d after cutting, the root system of the 'rushing' beech is microscopically inspected with a branch mycorrhizal structure (figure 2, left picture), and the conventional method is not used for inspecting an arbuscular structure (figure 2, right picture 2).

Through the comparison, the 'attack of water' beech is cut by the 'attack of water' efficient cutting method, so that the rooting time of the cutting seedlings can be obviously shortened, and the rooting rate of the cutting seedlings is improved.

The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and features of this invention, which is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but rather is susceptible to various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A 'Chongtian' beech efficient cutting method comprises the procedures of mother tree selection, cutting shoot collection, substrate preparation, cutting shoot treatment, cutting and management after cutting, and comprises the following operation steps:

(3) preparing a substrate: the cutting medium is a self-made medium, and the medium is disinfected by 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder solution 3-5 days before cutting;

2. The method for efficient cutting of 'Chongtian' beech according to claim 1, wherein the self-made substrate is prepared by the following steps:

3. The method for efficient cutting of 'Chongtian' beech as claimed in claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of EDTA, peat powder, Melia azedarach leaves, pine needle powder and fresh earthworm excrement is 0.1-0.2:10:2-3:1: 0.7-1.

4. The method for high-efficiency cutting of 'Chongtian' beech as claimed in claim 2, wherein the grain size of the granules is 1-4 mm.

5. The 'washing day' zelkova serrata efficient cutting method according to claim 1, wherein the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculant is prepared by mixing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculants respectively prepared from two strains of endorhizospora radicata and pipeassus mosaica according to a volume ratio of 1: 1.