CN110005204B - Antique building stone wall antiquing treatment method - Google Patents
Antique building stone wall antiquing treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110005204B CN110005204B CN201910233386.3A CN201910233386A CN110005204B CN 110005204 B CN110005204 B CN 110005204B CN 201910233386 A CN201910233386 A CN 201910233386A CN 110005204 B CN110005204 B CN 110005204B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/30—Moss
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating antique building stone wall antiquing, which comprises the following steps: A. in the process of building the stone wall, the middle parts of the adjacent stones are filled with cement mortar, and wall seams are reserved between the two ends of the adjacent stones; B. selecting plants growing on the wall surface attached to the stone wall, wall seams or wall corners between the wall surface attached to the stone wall and the ground, and preparing a plant growing matrix; C. filling the plant and plant growth substrate to the positions of wall seams and wall corners, or covering the plant and plant growth substrate on the wall surface of a stone wall; D. curing the filled plants; compared with the prior art, the construction is efficient, convenient and low in cost; the method of physical construction, chemical coating and the like is not needed, the requirements of green construction and environmental protection are met, and the method has no pollution to surrounding ecology; the growth traces of natural plants are used as the antique effect, and the ornamental value of the stone wall is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antique imitation of building engineering, and particularly relates to a treatment method for antique imitation of a stone wall of an antique building.
Background
The ancient architecture in China has a great variety and various forms after thousands of years of development, has extremely high cultural relics, history and artistic value, and the Chinese traditional ancient architecture form is rooted in China, which is an ancient land and deeply agrees with Chinese national aesthetic psychology. In recent years, under the promotion of national cultural protection policies and social and economic development, the development of the domestic tourism industry is leapfrogue, and scenic spots create economic benefits for attracting tourists, so that the historical landscapes are restored to the maximum extent, and a reconstruction and extension project is opened at a time, and a large number of archaized buildings are built.
Although the specification and form of the archaized building can be almost the same as that of the ancient building in terms of the overall building specification and form, compared with the real ancient building, the archaized building still lacks an ancient texture under the condition of years erosion. The defect causes that a plurality of antique buildings cannot reflect the beauty of the traditional antique buildings, and the attraction of tourists is naturally reduced. Therefore, if a newly built building wants to achieve the effect of "building new as old", a certain old treatment needs to be performed on the building.
At present, a construction unit mostly adopts a physical or chemical method to perform antique treatment on a building, the physical method is mainly to polish the surface of the building so as to achieve the effect of natural erosion, and the chemical method is to adopt materials such as antique paint, antique glue and the like to perform brushing treatment so as to create mottled marks under natural conditions. However, both the two methods commonly used have certain process defects, the physical method wastes time and labor and has higher cost, a large amount of dust and noise are generated in the construction process, and the brushing material in the chemical method has complex chemical components and emits pungent odor, so that the surrounding environment is influenced and the human body is possibly damaged. Meanwhile, the two construction processes are also contrary to the current concept of 'green construction'. More importantly, the effects of the two ageing methods are quite harsh and unnatural, and the buildings cannot be ancient due to the aging.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for treating antique stone walls of an antique building, which solves the problem that the wall surface in the current antique building is difficult to achieve 'new and old' and vertically greens the wall surface to improve the ornamental value of the building.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a treatment method for antique building stone wall antiquing comprises the following steps:
A. in the process of building the stone wall, the middle positions of adjacent stones are filled with cement mortar, and wall seams are reserved between two ends of the adjacent stones;
B. selecting plants growing on the wall surface attached to the stone wall, wall seams or wall corners between the wall surface attached to the stone wall and the ground, and preparing a plant growing matrix;
C. filling the plant and plant growth substrate to the positions of wall seams and wall corners, or covering the plant and plant growth substrate on the wall surface of a stone wall;
D. and curing the filled plants.
In the step A, the stone material for building the stone wall is rubble, lump stone, flaky stone, material stone or strip stone, the strength grade of the stone material is greater than or equal to MU20, and the lengths of 5-15cm are reserved at the two ends of the stone material respectively for forming wall joints.
In the step B, the plants are selected from pteridophytes, bryophytes or lianas, wherein the pteridophytes and the bryophytes are used for growing at the positions of wall seams or wall surfaces of stone walls, and the lianas are used for growing at the positions of corners of the walls.
In the step B, the plant growth substrate comprises the following components: 35-40% of common soil, 25-30% of peat soil, 5-10% of coconut soil, 0-10% of carbonized rice hulls, 10-15% of perlite, 5-10% of high fiber barks and 15-20% of organic fertilizer.
C, continuously spraying the built stone wall with water for 3-7 days, and after each spraying, painting and disinfecting the stone wall with a sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 1-5 wt% for 1-2 min; correspondingly, the fern and the plant growth substrate are mixed and filled in the wall gap, the vine and the plant growth substrate are mixed and filled in the wall corner, and the fern and the vine directly adopt plant seeds or plant seedlings purchased in the market or directly transplant the plant seedlings in the field; the clay is doped with starch, the clay and the starch are mixed into a thin paste by rice washing water, the thin paste is coated on the surface of a stone wall, and then bryophytes are tightly attached to the surface of the stone wall, and 5-10cm gaps are kept among the bryophytes.
In the step D, plants on the stone wall are maintained for 10-20 days, and the wall surface maintenance temperature is ensured to be 10-30 ℃ during the maintenance period; when the temperature is too low, a light film covers the wall surface of the stone wall, a support is supported between the wall surface and the ground when the light film covers the wall surface, so that the light film is prevented from directly touching plants, and when the temperature is higher, a sunshade is erected above the stone wall, so that the plants are prevented from being directly irradiated by sunlight; in the maintenance process, the plants are illuminated from 6 to 10 in the morning and from 3 to 6 in the evening according to the growth conditions of the plants, the environmental humidity needs to be ensured in the maintenance process, in order to ensure the survival rate of the plants, the wall surface is sprayed by using spray for 2-3 times every day, and the humidity of the wall surface is ensured to be more than 90%.
According to the technical scheme, a microscopic ecological environment is quickly established on the wall body of the stone wall in a short time by selecting plants and configuring plant growth substrates, and the old effect with specific biological traces is formed by utilizing the growth and death of plants among wall joints, plants among wall corners, wall surface moss, algae and the like on the wall body of the stone wall; the method of physical construction, chemical coating and the like is not needed, the requirements of green construction and environmental protection are met, and the method has no pollution to surrounding ecology; the growth traces of natural plants are used as the antique effect, and the ornamental value of the stone wall is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a perspective view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-3:
a treatment method for antique building stone wall antiquing comprises a stone wall 1 built by stones, and comprises the following steps:
A. in the process of building the stone wall 1, the middle positions of adjacent stones are filled with cement mortar, and wall seams 2 are reserved between two ends of the adjacent stones;
B. selecting plants growing on the wall surface attached to the stone wall 1, the wall gaps 2 or the wall corners 3 between the wall surface attached to the stone wall 1 and the ground, and preparing a plant growing matrix;
C. filling the plant and plant growth substrate to the positions of the wall gap 2 and the wall corner 3, or covering the plant and plant growth substrate on the wall surface of the stone wall 1;
D. and curing the filled plants.
According to the technical scheme, a microscopic ecological environment is quickly established on the wall body of the stone wall 1 in a short time by selecting plants and configuring plant growth substrates, and the old effect with specific biological traces is formed by utilizing the growth and death of the plants among the wall joints 2, the plants among the wall corners 3, wall moss, algae and the like on the wall body of the stone wall 1; the method of physical construction, chemical coating and the like is not needed, the requirements of green construction and environmental protection are met, and the method has no pollution to surrounding ecology; the growth traces of natural plants are used as the antique effect, and the ornamental value of the stone wall 1 is improved.
In the step A, the stone material for building the stone wall 1 is rubble, lump stone, flaky stone, material stone or strip stone, the strength grade of the stone material is greater than or equal to MU20, and the lengths of 5-15cm are reserved at the two ends of the stone material respectively and used for forming the wall joint 2. The rubble, the lump stone, the flake stone, the material stone or the strip stone are natural stone materials in nature, and the difference lies in that the materials are selected according to the design requirements through the treatment process after mining, some of the materials are not treated to keep the natural state, some of the materials are artificially and mechanically trimmed, the adopted natural stone materials have the antique effect, wall seams can be formed between the stone materials under the normal condition, cement mortar is adopted in the middle of the stone materials to be filled and connected, and the wall seams 2 at the two ends do not need to be filled but form certain gaps for filling plants and plant growth substrates.
In the step B, the plants are selected from pteridophytes, bryophytes or vines, wherein the pteridophytes and the bryophytes are used for growing at the positions of the wall gaps 2 or the wall surfaces of the stone walls 1, and the vines are used for growing at the positions of the corners 3.
The selected plants mainly comprise native plants and urban volunteer plants, wherein the native plants have the characteristics of strong adaptability, easy survival, low maintenance and management cost and the like. The wall surface of the stone wall 1 is nearly vertical, and the growth medium between the wall joints 2 is short, under the action of gravity and the limitation of nutrient substances, short-growing perennial plants are mainly used when selecting herbaceous plant species, meanwhile, shallow root plants with strong covering power are selected as much as possible, the shallow root plants are shallow in root system and developed in lateral roots, the fibrous roots are mainly used, the root system is quickly and tightly combined with the medium, and deep-rooted trees which are harmful to the wall body cannot be selected;
the variety of the plants is selected frequently, the herbaceous plants mainly comprise fern plants such as cyrtomium fortunei, ciliate desert-grass, pteris japonica, pyrrosia lingua, fern and the like, the root systems of the fern plants are shallow and are suitable for growth in the wall joints 2, and plants such as pyretola, philippine violet herb, morning glory and the like can be planted in the wall joints 2 at intervals, so that the variety of the wall plants is enriched, and the ornamental value is improved; the liana such as the radix cocculi laurifolii, the polygonum multiflorum, the ivy and the like is suitable for being planted in the soil of the corner 3 and is not limited by the limited water content and the growth matrix of the wall body; the moss plants mainly select two types of short clustered moss and interwoven moss, wherein the short clustered moss can select leafy roll wetland moss, long tip to tooth moss and the like, the interwoven moss can select leafy bulbar moss, pointed leaf moss and the like, the two types of moss are short and small, can cling to the surface of a building wall for survival, are not easily damaged by external forces such as wind, rainwater and the like, have strong resistance and tolerance to the environment, are not greatly influenced by temperature and humidity, can survive in a drier environment, do not need special later maintenance and are more suitable for seasonal climate areas.
In the step B, the plant growth substrate comprises the following components: 35-40% of common soil, 25-30% of peat soil, 5-10% of coconut soil, 0-10% of carbonized rice hulls, 10-15% of perlite, 5-10% of high fiber barks and 15-20% of organic fertilizer. Humidity is a key influence factor of a wall body microenvironment, and the plant growth substrate is made of pure natural materials, has the characteristics of high water absorption and strong water holding capacity, is favorable for promoting the formation of the wall body microenvironment, has good drainage capacity, still keeps a large number of air gaps after reaching the saturated water absorption capacity, and can prevent roots of plants from soaking water and rotting.
The common soil is common growth soil, peat soil is widely applied in gardening cultivation, as the main component of a growth substrate, coconut soil is rich in fiber and tough, has good water-bearing property and is not easy to rot, the coconut soil is added to improve the air permeability and water-retaining capacity of the plant growth substrate, the carbonized rice hulls are alkaline and used for improving the pH value of the growth substrate, the coconut soil can be added according to the acidity of the plant growth substrate, perlite is clean, sterile and neutral, the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining properties are excellent, the nutrition utilization rate of the growth substrate can be improved, the addition of high-fiber barks can improve the stability of the growth substrate, the growth substrate is prevented from being lost from wall gaps, the organic fertilizer can be added according to the porosity of stone walls, the organic fertilizer provides nutrient components, and the good plant growth is ensured.
In the step C, continuously spraying the built stone wall 1 with water for 3-7 days, and after each spraying, painting and disinfecting the stone wall 1 for 1-2min by using a sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 1-5 wt%;
correspondingly, the fern and the plant growth substrate are mixed and filled in the wall gap 2, the vine and the plant growth substrate are mixed and filled in the wall corner 3, and the fern and the vine directly adopt plant seeds or plant seedlings purchased in the market or directly transplant the plant seedlings in the field;
the clay is doped with starch, the clay and the starch are mixed into a thin paste by rice washing water, the thin paste is coated on the surface of the stone wall 1, and then the bryophytes are tightly attached to the surface of the stone wall 1, and 5-10cm gaps are kept among the bryophytes. After the stone wall 1 is built, spraying maintenance is carried out to ensure the stability of the wall, meanwhile, disinfection is carried out after spraying to well prevent the growth of plants in the initial stage, and then, ferns, vines and bryophytes are transplanted.
In the step D, plants on the stone wall 1 are maintained for 10-20 days, and the wall surface maintenance temperature is ensured to be 10-30 ℃ during maintenance;
when the temperature is too low, a light film covers the wall surface of the stone wall 1, a support is supported between the wall surface and the ground when the light film covers the wall surface to prevent the light film from directly touching plants, and when the temperature is higher, a sunshade is erected above the stone wall 1 to prevent sunlight from directly irradiating the plants;
in the maintenance process, the plants are illuminated from 6 to 10 in the morning and from 3 to 6 in the evening according to the growth conditions of the plants, the environmental humidity needs to be ensured in the maintenance process, in order to ensure the survival rate of the plants, the wall surface is sprayed by using spray for 2-3 times every day, and the humidity of the wall surface is ensured to be more than 90%.
During the maintenance, change according to natural environment suitably adjusts, when the temperature is low, say night will be suitable when keeping warm to the border of stone wall 1, when the temperature is too high, should avoid strong sunshine to penetrate directly, in addition, when the initial stage maintenance, should not let the plant accept illumination throughout the day, can suitably let the plant accept illumination in the morning and evening, the most important environmental humidity that will ensure, spray the plant with the spraying, also can chase after in the spraying liquid potash fertilizer, spray the root system position department of plant, thereby adjust plant moisture balance, increase the water retentivity and the cold tolerance of plant. In addition, the archaized buildings are mostly located in southern China, and southern China is mostly suitable for plants to grow, so that maintenance is easier to perform, and if the archaized buildings are suitable for northern China, the growth requirements such as temperature, humidity and the like need to be strictly controlled in maintenance.
Claims (4)
1. The antique building stone wall antiquing treatment method comprises a stone wall (1) built by stones, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A. in the process of building the stone wall (1), the middle positions of adjacent stones are filled with cement mortar, and 5-15cm of length is reserved between the two ends of the adjacent stones for forming a wall joint (2);
B. selecting plants growing on a wall surface attached to a stone wall (1), a wall gap (2) or a corner (3) between the wall surface attached to the stone wall (1) and the ground, and preparing a plant growing substrate, wherein the plants are selected from pteridophytes, bryophytes or lianas, the pteridophytes and the bryophytes are used for growing at the position of the wall gap (2) or the position of the wall surface of the stone wall (1), the lianas are used for growing at the position of the corner (3), the pteridophytes are selected from at least one of cyrtomium fortunei, ciliate, pyrrosia lingua, ferula, pyretopsis hybrida, viola yedoenjia and morning glory, the bryophytes is selected from wetland moss, lance-toe-to-tooth moss, lepidium and physcomitrella acuminata, and is selected from at least one of stephania tetrandra, polygonum multiflorum and ivy vine; the plant growth substrate comprises the following components: 35-40% of common soil, 25-30% of peat soil, 5-10% of coconut soil, 0-10% of carbonized rice hulls, 10-15% of perlite, 5-10% of high fiber barks and 15-20% of organic fertilizer;
C. filling the plant and plant growth substrate to the positions of the wall gap (2) and the wall corner (3), or covering the plant and plant growth substrate on the wall surface of the stone wall (1);
D. curing the filled plants;
starch is mixed in clay, clay and starch are mixed into thin paste by rice washing water, the paste is smeared on the surface of the rear wall (1), and then bryophytes are tightly attached to the surface of the stone wall (1), and gaps of 5-10cm are kept among the bryophytes.
2. The antique building stone wall antiquing treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the antique building stone wall antiquing treatment method comprises the following steps: in the step A, the stone material for building the stone wall (1) adopts rubble, lump stone, flaky stone, aggregate stone or barren rock, and the strength grade of the stone material is greater than or equal to MU 20.
3. The antique building stone wall antiquing treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the antique building stone wall antiquing treatment method comprises the following steps: in the step C, the built stone wall (1) is continuously sprayed with water for 3 to 7 days, and after each spraying, the stone wall (1) is coated and disinfected for 1 to 2 minutes by using a sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 1 to 5 weight percent;
correspondingly, the fern plants and the plant growth matrix are mixed and filled in the wall gaps (2), the vine plants and the plant growth matrix are mixed and filled in the wall corners (3), and the fern plants and the vine plants directly adopt plant seeds or plant seedlings purchased in the market or plant seedlings are directly transplanted in the field.
4. The antique building stone wall antiquing treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: in the step D, plants on the stone wall (1) are maintained for 10-20 days, and the wall surface maintenance temperature is ensured to be 10-30 ℃ during the maintenance period;
when the temperature is too low, a light film covers the wall surface of the stone wall (1), a support is supported between the wall surface and the ground when the light film covers the wall surface to prevent the light film from directly touching plants, and when the temperature is higher, a sunshade is erected above the stone wall (1) to prevent sunlight from directly irradiating the plants;
in the maintenance process, the plants are illuminated from 6 to 10 in the morning and from 3 to 6 in the evening according to the growth conditions of the plants, the environmental humidity needs to be ensured in the maintenance process, and in order to ensure the survival rate of the plants, the wall surface is sprayed by using spray for 2-3 times every day, so that the wall humidity is ensured to be more than 90%.
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| CN110754246A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-07 | 山东海岱园林集团有限公司 | Ecological landscape planting stone wall |
| CN113638604A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-12 | 广州市艺杰园林建设工程有限公司 | Safe construction method for long-life garden ecological stone wall |
| CN113503054B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2022-09-06 | 江苏科宇古典园林建设工程有限公司 | Brick wall surface antiquing process |
| CN117581758A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-02-23 | 广州普邦园林股份有限公司 | Method for planting moss in landscape Dan Biaomian |
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