CN113728878A - Nutrition bag for morchella and morchella planting method - Google Patents
Nutrition bag for morchella and morchella planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113728878A CN113728878A CN202010459689.XA CN202010459689A CN113728878A CN 113728878 A CN113728878 A CN 113728878A CN 202010459689 A CN202010459689 A CN 202010459689A CN 113728878 A CN113728878 A CN 113728878A
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- morchella
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- corncobs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/64—Cultivation containers; Lids therefor
- A01G18/66—Cultivation bags
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The invention discloses a nutrition bag for morchella, which comprises the raw materials of wheat seeds, corncobs, hardwood sawdust, quicklime, calcined gypsum, an amino acid additive, an insect repellent and a leavening agent; wherein the mass ratio of the wheat seeds, the corncobs and the hardwood sawdust is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2: 1.6-2.2; the mass of the quicklime, the calcined gypsum, the oil residue and the amino acid additive is respectively 2-5%, 1-3%, 4-7% and 1-3% of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the mass of the corncobs and the mass of the hardwood sawdust; the weight of the leaven is 0.4-1% of the sum of the weight of the wheat seeds, the corn cobs and the hardwood sawdust, and the leaven comprises zymophyte and enzyme preparation. The nutrient bag for the morchella is low in cost, fermentation and decomposition are carried out, and the nutrient bag is beneficial to absorption and utilization of nutrient components by the morchella, and the method for planting the morchella by using the nutrient bag for the morchella can be used for planting the morchella in an out-of-season manner and improving the yield and the quality of the morchella.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fungus planting, in particular to a morchella nutrition bag and a morchella planting method using the same.
Background
The morchella is a precious edible fungus, is rich in protein, fatty acid and carbohydrate, and particularly has unique flavor and nutritive value due to various rare amino acids, various vitamins and other components. The market demand of the morchella is large, but the wild morchella is difficult to obtain and rare in quantity, and the yield of the wild morchella is reduced due to the phenomena of digging transition and the like, so that the supply quantity of the wild morchella cannot meet the market demand far away, and the yield of the morchella needs to be improved by artificial planting. At present, most domestic morchella strains are planted in large fields in due seasons, morchella cultivated in due seasons is concentrated on the market, the fresh-good period is short, and dry morchella is in short supply or even in short supply in 11 months to 3 months in the coming year. By using greenhouse resources for carrying out the out-of-season cultivation and planting of the morchella, the fresh morchella can be improved in winter, and the income of farmers can be increased.
The toadstool has higher requirements on nutrition and environment, and the external aid nutrition bag technology is characterized in that a nutrition bag is provided in the toadstool planting process to provide sufficient nutrition for toadstool hypha in soil, so that the quantity of the hypha is increased, more sclerotia are formed, the output of the toadstool is improved, and the problem of effective supply of nutrition under the artificial cultivation condition is solved. However, in the prior art, the wheat in the nutrient bag for the morchella esculenta accounts for a high proportion (40-80% of the material), so that the cost of the nutrient bag is high, the nutrient substances in the nutrient bag are slowly utilized by the morchella esculenta, and when a bag is removed due to a large amount of original matrixes of morchella esculenta fruiting bodies, part of the nutrient substances in the nutrient bag are not effectively utilized, so that waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the existing morchella planting process, the cost of a nutrition bag is high, the utilization of nutritional ingredients is slow, the nutritional ingredients cannot be effectively utilized, and waste is caused. The nutrient bag for the morchella is provided, wherein the materials are mainly sawdust and are low in cost, and the materials are fermented and decomposed by using the leavening agent, so that the nutrient components can be absorbed and utilized by the morchella, and the effective utilization of the nutrient bag in the planting process is improved; also provides a method for planting morel by using the nutrient bag for morel, which can be used for off-season planting and improving the yield and quality of morel.
The invention provides a nutrition bag for morchella, which is prepared from the following raw materials of wheat seeds, corncobs, hardwood sawdust, quick lime, plaster, oil residue, amino acid additive, insect-resist agent and leavening agent; wherein the mass ratio of the wheat seeds, the corncobs and the hardwood sawdust is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2: 1.6-2.2; the mass of the quicklime, the calcined gypsum, the oil residue and the amino acid additive is respectively 2-5%, 1-3%, 4-7% and 1-3% of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the mass of the corncobs and the mass of the hardwood sawdust; the fermentation agent is 0.4-1% of the sum of the wheat seeds, the corncobs and the hardwood sawdust, and comprises 45-60% of zymophyte and 40-55% of enzyme preparation in percentage by mass.
By adopting the scheme, the nutrition bag for the morchella is provided, the ratio of corncobs to hardwood sawdust is high, the using amount of wheat grains is reduced, the cost is reduced, the leavening comprises zymophyte and enzyme preparation, the leavening is utilized to ferment materials, the materials are decomposed, the absorption and utilization of the morchella on nutrition components are facilitated, and the effective utilization of the nutrition bag in the planting process is improved.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the nutrient bag for morchella esculenta disclosed by the embodiment of the invention comprises wheat seeds, corncobs and hardwood sawdust in a mass ratio of 1:1: 2; the weight of the oil residue is 5% of the sum of the weight of the wheat seeds, the corn cobs and the hardwood sawdust.
By adopting the scheme, the nutrition bag has good effect of increasing the yield of the planted morchella esculenta strain under the condition of low cost.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the nutrient bag for morchella disclosed by the embodiment of the invention comprises 15-30% of lactic acid bacteria, 20-30% of yeast and 35-55% of actinomycetes by mass; the enzyme preparation comprises 55-70% of cellulase and 30-45% of amylase by mass percent.
By adopting the scheme, the fermentation of materials is facilitated, and the nutrient substances in the nutrition bag can be fully absorbed and utilized by morchella.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the nutrient bag for morchella comprises the following steps:
a. pulverizing semen Tritici Aestivi, corncob, and hardwood sawdust to particle size of 0.5-1.5mm, and mixing;
b. mixing quicklime, calcined gypsum, oil residue, an amino acid additive and water, wherein the mass of the water is 1.3-1.5 times of the mass of the sum of the mass of wheat seeds, corncobs and hardwood sawdust, uniformly mixing, spraying the mixture on the material obtained in the step a, and uniformly stirring;
c. c, adding water into the leavening agent for dissolving, uniformly spraying the leavening agent on the material obtained in the step b, and uniformly stirring;
d. c, stacking the materials obtained in the step c for fermentation, wherein the stacking height is 0.5-1m, the stacking width is 1.5-4m, the water content is 55-65%, the stacking temperature is 50-65 ℃, and the fermentation is carried out for 3-5 days;
e. after fermentation, adding insect-resist agent, mixing uniformly, bagging the obtained materials, and filling 60-75% of the total volume of each bag;
f. and sealing the bag, and sterilizing at high temperature to obtain the morchella nutrition bag.
By adopting the scheme, the main material is subjected to stacking fermentation after coarse powder, the coarse powder is favorable for full fermentation and degradation of materials, and starch in wheat grains can be released and degraded, so that the nutritional ingredients in the nutrition bag can be quickly and effectively utilized.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the amino acid additive includes at least one of glutamic acid, lysine, valine, glycine, and proline.
By adopting the scheme, the amino acids are added into the nutrient substances, so that the growth of morchella is facilitated, the flavor is improved, and the sugar content is increased.
According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the nutrient bag for morchella disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention, the insect-repellent agent includes at least one of acetamiprid and abamectin.
By adopting the scheme, the insect-resist agent which is environment-friendly, low in toxicity and capable of effectively preventing insects and simultaneously does not influence the yield of the morchella is selected, and the improvement of the yield of the morchella is facilitated.
The invention also provides a planting method of the morel, and the nutrition bag for the morel provided by the invention is used for supplementing nutrition; wherein one side of the length direction of the nutrition bag for the morchella is broken to form an opening, and the side of the nutrition bag for the morchella, which is provided with the opening, is placed on the ground on which the morchella is sown and compacted.
By adopting the scheme, the nutrient bag for the morchella provided by the invention is used for planting the morchella, so that the nutrient components in the nutrient bag are fully utilized by the morchella, and the yield of the morchella is improved.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the method for preparing the nutrient bag for morchella esculenta further comprises the steps of planting morchella esculenta in a greenhouse, wherein each bed is 1-1.5m wide and 20-30mm high; when the nutrient bags for the morchella are used for supplementing nutrients, 2 rows of nutrient bags for the morchella are uniformly placed on each ridge bed in the width direction, and the length direction of each row of nutrient bags for the morchella is parallel to the width direction of the ridge bed; the distance between every two nutrient bags for morchella in each row is 40-50 cm.
By adopting the scheme, the greenhouse is utilized for planting, the nutrition bags are reasonably arranged, the nutrition bags can be fully utilized for morchella, and the yield is increased. And the growth of the morchella is not influenced by weather, and the morchella can be planted out of season.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the greenhouse temperature of the nutrient bag for morchella is maintained at 10-18 ℃.
By adopting the scheme, the environment temperature in the greenhouse is favorable for growth of morchella esculenta.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the opening of the nutrition bag for morel has a length of 8-12cm and a width of 1-1.5 cm.
By adopting the scheme, experiments show that the opening with the length is beneficial to the extension of hyphae and the utilization of nutrition.
The invention has the advantages of
By adopting the nutrition bag for morchella and the morchella planting method provided by the invention to carry out greenhouse planting on morchella in Minzhou village in Liuhu town of Yumen city in Jiugao province in Gansu province, the yield and the fruit body quality of morchella can be obviously improved, wherein the yield per mu can reach more than 400 jin, the morchella is uniform in fruiting, the mushroom shape is regular and mellow, the mushroom quality is thick, and the commodity rate reaches more than 95%.
Detailed Description
For purposes of the following detailed description, it is to be understood that the application may assume various alternative variations and step sequences, except where expressly specified to the contrary. Moreover, other than in any operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing, for example, quantities of ingredients used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties to be obtained by the present application. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
The terminology used in the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The expression "at least one" of an expression, for example, modifies an entire list of elements when preceding or following the list of elements, without modifying individual elements of the list.
Further, the terms "comprises" or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
As used herein, "about" or "approximately" includes the recited value and means, for example, within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., limitations of the measurement system). All ratios of components refer to weight percent (wt.%), unless otherwise specified; unless otherwise indicated, all parameter ranges disclosed include the endpoints and all values therebetween.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, terms have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art, but if different, the definition of the present invention shall control; unless otherwise specified, the test methods are all conventional methods; unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and test materials used in the present invention are all available commercially.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below.
The invention provides a nutrition bag for morchella, which comprises the raw materials of wheat seeds, corncobs, hardwood sawdust, quicklime, calcined gypsum, oil residue, an amino acid additive, an insect repellent and a leavening agent; wherein the mass ratio of the wheat seeds, the corncobs and the hardwood sawdust is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2: 1.6-2.2; the mass of the quicklime, the calcined gypsum, the oil residue and the amino acid additive is respectively 2-5%, 1-3%, 4-7% and 1-3% of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the mass of the corncobs and the mass of the hardwood sawdust; the fermentation agent is 0.4-1% of the sum of the wheat seeds, the corncobs and the hardwood sawdust, and comprises 45-60% of zymophyte and 40-55% of enzyme preparation in percentage by mass.
Specifically, the wheat seeds, the corncobs and the hardwood sawdust are high in proportion and are main materials in the materials of the nutrition bag, wherein the corncobs refer to parts obtained by threshing corn cobs, and the hardwood sawdust is sawdust of hardwood trees such as oak, rosewood and pine. The oil residue in the ingredients refers to oil residue formed after oil extraction of plants such as sesame, rapeseed, flax and the like; the amino acid additive is amino acid with certain function on growth of Morchella esculenta, such as alanine, histidine, arginine, tryptophan, tyrosine, etc. The insect-resist agent can be special insect-resist agent for fungi, such as insect-resist agent containing dinotefuran, acetamiprid, permethrin, avermectin, etc.; the dosage of the insect-resist agent is added according to the recommended dosage of the selected insect-resist agent variety. The fermentation bacteria can include one or more of yeast, lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Actinomycetes, acetic acid bacteria, Aspergillus niger, etc.; the enzyme preparation can comprise cellulase, amylase, ligninase, hemicellulase, phytase and the like, and can be selected from fertilizer-grade or industrial-grade enzyme so as to reduce the cost. It should be noted that other additives such as vitamins can also be added into the nutrition bag. The specific addition amount of the quicklime is changed according to the pH value of soil of the planting land, and the addition amount is reduced when the pH value is higher.
By adopting the scheme, the nutrition bag for the morchella is provided, the ratio of corncobs to hardwood sawdust is high, the using amount of wheat grains is reduced, the cost is reduced, the leavening comprises zymophyte and enzyme preparation, the leavening is utilized to ferment materials, the materials are decomposed, the absorption and utilization of the morchella on nutrition components are facilitated, and the effective utilization of the nutrition bag in the planting process is improved.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of wheat seeds, corncobs and hardwood sawdust is 1:1: 2; the weight of the oil residue is 5% of the sum of the weight of the wheat seeds, the corn cobs and the hardwood sawdust.
According to the test, the nutrition bag obtained according to the proportion has good yield increasing effect on the planting of morel strains under the condition of low cost.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the fermentation tubes comprise 15-30% by mass of lactic acid bacteria, 20-35% by mass of yeast and 35-55% by mass of actinomycetes; the enzyme preparation comprises 55-70% of cellulase and 30-45% of amylase by mass percent.
Specifically, actinomycetes are used for carrying out primary decomposition and low molecular weight on materials; the cellulase and the amylase decompose starch and cellulose in the material to reduce the molecular weight; the lactobacillus and the yeast further decompose the saccharides to form application substances such as vitamins, amino acids, proteins and the like. Wherein, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 100000U/g, and the enzyme activity of the amylase is 10000-20000U/g.
By adopting the scheme, the fermentation of materials is facilitated, and the nutrient substances in the nutrition bag can be fully absorbed and utilized by morchella.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the nutrient bag for morchella comprises the following steps:
a. pulverizing semen Tritici Aestivi, corncob, and hardwood sawdust to particle size of 0.5-1.5mm, and mixing;
b. mixing quicklime, calcined gypsum, oil residue, an amino acid additive and water, wherein the mass of the water is 1.3-1.5 times of the mass of the sum of the mass of wheat seeds, corncobs and hardwood sawdust, uniformly mixing, spraying the mixture on the material obtained in the step a, and uniformly stirring;
c. c, adding water into the leavening agent for dissolving, uniformly spraying the leavening agent on the material obtained in the step b, and uniformly stirring;
d. c, stacking the materials obtained in the step c for fermentation, wherein the stacking height is 0.5-1m, the stacking width is 1.5-4m, the water content is 55-65%, the stacking temperature is 50-65 ℃, and the fermentation is carried out for 3-5 days;
e. after fermentation, adding insect-resist agent, mixing uniformly, bagging the obtained materials, and filling 60-75% of the total volume of each bag;
f. and sealing the bag, and sterilizing at high temperature to obtain the morchella nutrition bag.
Concretely, wheat seeds, corncobs and hardwood sawdust are roughly crushed into the particle size of about 0.5-1.5mm and then mixed; in the process of pile-building fermentation, the temperature and the moisture of a material pile are measured regularly every day, and when the temperature of the material pile rises to over 65 ℃, the material pile is turned over to reduce the temperature; and when the moisture is less than 55%, water is sprayed to supplement the moisture.
The nutrition bag can be made of newspaper, kraft paper, plastic film, etc., and has a height of 18-25cm and a diameter of 6-10 cm. The insect-proof agent is added after fermentation to prevent the effective components of the insect-proof agent from being influenced in the fermentation process and reduce the effect of the insect-proof agent. The bag mouth is tightly tied by a rope or is sealed by a tying machine. After the bagging is finished, performing high-temperature sterilization treatment, and performing sterilization treatment in a sterilization cabinet; after sterilization, the nutrition bag is placed and cooled to normal temperature for reuse, and before use, the nutrition bag is kept closed to ensure the sterility.
By adopting the scheme, the main material coarse powder is subjected to stacking fermentation, the coarse powder is favorable for full fermentation and degradation of materials, and starch in wheat grains can be released and degraded, so that the nutritional ingredients in the nutrition bag can be quickly and effectively utilized.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the amino acid additive comprises at least one of glutamic acid, lysine, valine, glycine, proline.
Specifically, glutamic acid can promote growth of morchella, lysine and proline can improve drought resistance of morchella, valine can improve flavor of morchella, and glycine can improve oxidation resistance of morchella cells and increase sugar content.
By adopting the scheme, the amino acids are added into the nutrient substances, so that the growth of morchella is facilitated, the flavor is improved, and the sugar content is increased.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the insect repellent comprises at least one of acetamiprid and abamectin.
Specifically, pests easily bite in the growth process of the morchella esculenta, so that the yield is reduced, and the damage of the pests to the morchella esculenta can be prevented by adding the insect-resist agent. The acetamiprid is a high-efficiency pesticide, has the advantages of broad spectrum, low toxicity and low residue, the abamectin has better environmental affinity and is easy to decompose, and tests show that the two pesticides have less influence on the growth of morchella. The acetamiprid with the effective component content of 10 percent and the abamectin insecticide product with the effective component content of 10 percent are added in the amount of 0.05 to 0.1 percent of the main material content.
By adopting the scheme, the insect-resist agent which is environment-friendly, low in toxicity and capable of effectively preventing insects and simultaneously does not influence the yield of the morchella is selected, and the improvement of the yield of the morchella is facilitated.
The invention also provides a planting method of the morel, and the nutrition bag for the morel provided by the invention is used for supplementing nutrition; wherein one side of the length direction of the nutrition bag for the morchella is broken to form an opening, and the side of the nutrition bag for the morchella, which is provided with the opening, is placed on the ground on which the morchella is sown and compacted.
Specifically, the morchella can be planted in a field in season or out-of-season in a greenhouse. In the planting process, the plants need to be cleaned, including plowing and loosening the soil, killing insects and sterilizing. Then sowing for 8-15 days, and supplementing nutrition by using a morchella nutrition bag after hypha grows; the damage mode of one side of the nutrient bag for morchella can be a hole punching or an incision, but the nutrient bag can not be infected by attention. The nutrition bag is placed for 30-60 days, and when the substantial primordium of the morchella sporocarp is formed, the bag is removed, and the nutrition bag is removed.
By adopting the scheme, the nutrient bag for the morchella provided by the invention is used for planting the morchella, so that the nutrient components in the nutrient bag are fully utilized by the morchella, and the yield of the morchella is improved.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises planting morchella in the greenhouse and on the ridge beds, wherein each ridge bed is 1-1.5m wide and 20-30mm high; when the nutrient bags for the morchella are used for supplementing nutrients, 2 rows of nutrient bags for the morchella are uniformly placed on each ridge bed in the width direction, and the length direction of each row of nutrient bags for the morchella is parallel to the width direction of the ridge bed; the distance between every two nutrient bags for morchella in each row is 40-50 cm.
Specifically, the length of the bed is determined according to the field, and the interval between the two beds is preferably 25-30 cm. The planting time can be determined according to the needs, such as sowing at the beginning of 2 months, collecting from the middle ten days of 5 months to the beginning of 6 months and ending the growth period, or sowing at 4 months and collecting from 7 months to 8 months and ending the growth period; or sowing in 10 months, and collecting in 1-2 months of the second year to finish the growth period. In the planting process of morchella esculenta, field management such as spraying pipes is required to keep soil and environment at proper humidity, for example, the soil moisture is 50-60%, the air humidity is controlled at 75-90%, and the temperature is kept at 8-22 ℃ in a greenhouse. And when the sporocarps grow to be changed from gray to yellow and a small amount of white spore powder appears on the surfaces of the sporocarps, harvesting in time to obtain the morchella esculenta.
By adopting the scheme, the greenhouse is utilized for planting, the nutrition bags are reasonably arranged, the nutrition bags can be fully utilized for morchella, and the yield is increased. And the growth of the morchella is not influenced by weather, and the morchella can be planted out of season.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the greenhouse temperature is maintained at 10-18 ℃.
Specifically, temperature regulation and control measures should be established in the greenhouse, heat preservation is carried out when the environment is low, and temperature reduction is carried out when the environment is high. Particularly, when the greenhouse is hot in the daytime, the greenhouse can be ventilated and shaded, and when the temperature is low at night, an insulating layer is covered on the outside, so that the temperature of the greenhouse is maintained at 10-18 ℃.
By adopting the scheme, the environment temperature in the greenhouse is favorable for growth of morchella esculenta.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the opening of the nutrition bag for morchella is 8-12cm long and 1-1.5cm wide.
In particular, the nutrition bag can be cut by a clean knife or can be torn by hand. The mycelium can extend into the nutrition bag through the opening to utilize the nutrient components.
By adopting the scheme, experiments show that the opening with the length is beneficial to the extension of hyphae and the utilization of nutrition.
The present invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to examples, and specific implementations of the present invention are not limited to these examples.
Example 1
Provides a nutrition bag for morchella, which is prepared from the raw materials of wheat seeds, corncobs, hardwood sawdust, quicklime, calcined gypsum, oil residue, amino acid additive, insect-resist agent and leavening agent; wherein the mass ratio of the wheat seeds, the corncobs and the hardwood sawdust is 1:1: 2; the mass of the quicklime, the calcined gypsum, the oil residue and the amino acid additive is respectively 3%, 2%, 5% and 3% of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the mass of the corncobs and the mass of the hardwood sawdust; the mass of the leaven is 0.6 percent of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the corn cobs and the hardwood sawdust, and the leaven comprises 50 percent of zymophyte and 50 percent of enzyme preparation.
Wherein the zymocyte comprises 30 percent of lactobacillus, 30 percent of microzyme and 40 percent of actinomycetes in percentage by mass; the enzyme preparation comprises 70 percent of cellulase and 30 percent of amylase by mass percent; the amino acid additive comprises glutamic acid, lysine and proline; the insect-repellent agent comprises acetamiprid.
The preparation method of the nutrition bag for morchella comprises the following steps:
a. pulverizing wheat seed, corn cob and hardwood sawdust to particle size of 0.5-1mm, and mixing;
b. mixing quicklime, calcined gypsum, oil residue, an amino acid additive and water, wherein the mass of the water is 1.4 times of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the mass of the corncobs and the mass of the hardwood sawdust, spraying the mixture on the material obtained in the step a after uniform mixing, and uniformly stirring;
c. c, adding water into the leavening agent for dissolving, uniformly spraying the leavening agent on the material obtained in the step b, and uniformly stirring;
d. c, stacking the materials obtained in the step c for fermentation, wherein the stacking height is 0.5-1m, the stacking width is 1.5-4m, the water content is 55-65%, the stacking temperature is 50-65 ℃, and the fermentation is carried out for 3 days;
e. after fermentation, adding insect-resist agent, mixing uniformly, bagging the obtained materials, and filling 60-75% of the total volume of each bag;
f. and sealing the bag, and sterilizing at high temperature to obtain the morchella nutrition bag.
Example 2
The difference between the provided nutrition bag for morchella esculenta and the raw materials and the preparation method thereof in reference to example 1 is that:
the mass of the quicklime, the calcined gypsum and the amino acid additive is respectively 2 percent, 3 percent and 2 percent of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the mass of the corncobs and the mass of the hardwood sawdust; the mass of the leaven is 1 percent of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the corn cobs and the hardwood sawdust, and the leaven comprises 60 percent of zymophyte and 40 percent of enzyme preparation.
Wherein the zymocyte comprises 20 percent of lactobacillus, 20 percent of microzyme and 55 percent of actinomycetes in percentage by mass; the enzyme preparation comprises 60 percent of cellulase and 40 percent of amylase by mass percent; the amino acid additive comprises lysine, valine and proline; the insect repellent comprises abamectin.
In the preparation method of the nutrition bag for morchella esculenta, wheat seeds, corncobs and hardwood sawdust are crushed to the particle size of 1-1.5mm in the step a; the mass of water in the step b is 1.5 times of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the mass of the corncobs and the mass of the hardwood sawdust; and d, fermenting for 5 days.
Example 3
The difference between the provided nutrition bag for morchella esculenta and the raw materials and the preparation method thereof in reference to example 1 is that:
the mass ratio of wheat seeds, corncobs and hardwood sawdust is 0.8:1: 1.6; the mass of the quicklime, the calcined gypsum, the oil residue and the amino acid additive is respectively 3%, 1%, 6% and 1% of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the mass of the corncobs and the mass of the hardwood sawdust; the mass of the leaven is 0.4 percent of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the corn cobs and the hardwood sawdust, and the leaven comprises 45 percent of zymophyte and 55 percent of enzyme preparation.
Wherein the zymocyte comprises 30 percent of lactobacillus, 35 percent of microzyme and 35 percent of actinomycetes in percentage by mass; the enzyme preparation comprises 55 percent of cellulase and 45 percent of amylase by mass percent; the amino acid additive comprises glycine, valine and proline; the insect-resist agent comprises acetamiprid and abamectin.
In the preparation method of the nutrition bag for morchella esculenta, wheat seeds, corncobs and hardwood sawdust are crushed to the particle size of 0.8-1.3mm in the step a; the mass of water in the step b is 1.3 times of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the corn cobs and the hardwood sawdust; and d, fermenting for 4 days.
Example 4
The difference between the provided nutrition bag for morchella esculenta and the raw materials and the preparation method thereof in reference to example 1 is that:
the mass ratio of wheat seeds, corncobs and hardwood sawdust is 1:1.2: 2.2; the mass of the quicklime, the calcined gypsum, the oil residue and the amino acid additive is respectively 4%, 2%, 7% and 2% of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the mass of the corncobs and the mass of the hardwood sawdust; the mass of the leaven is 0.8 percent of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the corn cobs and the hardwood sawdust, and the leaven comprises 55 percent of zymophyte and 45 percent of enzyme preparation.
Wherein the zymocyte comprises 15 percent of lactobacillus, 30 percent of microzyme and 50 percent of actinomycetes in percentage by mass; the enzyme preparation comprises 65 percent of cellulase and 35 percent of amylase by mass percent; the amino acid additive comprises glutamic acid and valine; the insect-resist agent comprises acetamiprid and abamectin.
In the preparation method of the nutrition bag for morchella esculenta, wheat seeds, corncobs and hardwood sawdust are crushed to the particle size of 1-1.5mm in the step a; the mass of water in the step b is 1.4 times of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the corn cobs and the hardwood sawdust; and d, fermenting for 4 days.
Example 5
The difference between the provided nutrition bag for morchella esculenta and the raw materials and the preparation method thereof in reference to example 1 is that:
the mass ratio of wheat seeds, corncobs and hardwood sawdust is 1.2:0.8: 1.8; the mass of the quicklime, the calcined gypsum, the oil residue and the amino acid additive is respectively 5%, 3%, 4% and 3% of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the mass of the corncobs and the mass of the hardwood sawdust; the mass of the leaven is 0.6 percent of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the corn cobs and the hardwood sawdust, and the leaven comprises 50 percent of zymophyte and 50 percent of enzyme preparation.
Wherein the zymocyte comprises 25 percent of lactobacillus, 25 percent of microzyme and 45 percent of actinomycetes in percentage by mass; the enzyme preparation comprises 65 percent of cellulase and 35 percent of amylase by mass percent; the amino acid additive comprises glutamic acid, glycine and proline; the insect repellent comprises abamectin.
In the preparation method of the nutrition bag for morchella esculenta, wheat seeds, corncobs and hardwood sawdust are crushed to the particle size of 0.8-1.3mm in the step a; the mass of water in the step b is 1.5 times of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the mass of the corncobs and the mass of the hardwood sawdust; and d, fermenting for 5 days.
Example 6
The morchella is planted in a greenhouse and on ridge beds, wherein each ridge bed is 1m wide and 20mm high.
When the nutrition bag for the morchella obtained in the embodiment 1 to 5 is used for supplementing nutrition, one side of the length direction of the nutrition bag for the morchella is broken to form an opening, and the length of the opening on the nutrition bag for the morchella is 8 to 12cm, and the width of the opening is 1 to 1.5 cm; placing the side, with the opening, of the nutrition bag for morchella on the ground where the morchella is sown and compacting.
2 rows of nutrient bags for morchella are uniformly placed in each ridge bed in the width direction, and the length direction of each row of nutrient bags for morchella is parallel to the width direction of the ridge bed; the distance between every two nutrient bags for morchella in each row is 50 cm.
The temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 10-18 ℃.
Example 7
Providing a morchella planting method, specifically referring to example 6, and the difference is that each ridge bed is 1.2m wide and 25mm high; the distance between every two nutrient bags for morchella in each row is 45 cm.
Example 8
Providing a morchella planting method, specifically referring to example 6, and the difference is that each ridge bed is 1.5m wide and 30mm high; the distance between every two nutrient bags for morchella in each row is 40 cm.
By adopting the morchella planting method provided by the embodiments 6-8 of the invention, morchella planting is carried out in the Minzhou village of the lake town of Yumen city, Jiquan, Gansu province, and the yield and the quality of fruiting bodies of morchella are found to be remarkably improved, wherein the yield is that 280kg of fresh mushrooms can be harvested in a greenhouse with the actual planting area of 400 square meters, the yield per mu is about 410 jin 470 jin, and the number of the original bases of morchella in unit area after the nutrition bag is used is improved by 3-5 times compared with the nutrition bag without material fermentation. And the morchella is regular in fruiting, regular and mellow in mushroom shape, and high in mushroom quality, and the commodity rate reaches over 95%.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is a more particular description of the invention than is possible with reference to the specific embodiments, and the invention should not be construed as limited to those descriptions. Various changes in form and detail, including simple deductions or substitutions, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A nutrition bag for morchella is characterized in that the raw materials comprise wheat seeds, corncobs, hardwood sawdust, quicklime, calcined gypsum, amino acid additives, insect-resist agents and leavening agents; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the mass ratio of the wheat seeds, the corncobs and the hardwood sawdust is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2: 1.6-2.2;
the mass of the quicklime, the calcined gypsum, the oil residue and the amino acid additive is respectively 2-5%, 1-3%, 4-7% and 1-3% of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the mass of the corncobs and the mass of the hardwood sawdust;
the fermentation agent is 0.4-1% of the sum of the wheat seeds, the corncobs and the hardwood sawdust by mass, and comprises 45-60% of zymophyte and 40-55% of enzyme preparation by mass percent.
2. The nutrition bag for morchella as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the wheat seeds, the corncobs and the hardwood sawdust is 1:1: 2; the weight of the oil residue is 5% of the sum of the weight of the wheat seeds, the weight of the corncobs and the weight of the hardwood sawdust.
3. The nutrition bag for morchella as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation tubes comprise 15-30% by mass of lactic acid bacteria, 20-35% by mass of yeast and 35-55% by mass of actinomycetes; the enzyme preparation comprises 55-70% of cellulase and 30-45% of amylase by mass percent.
4. The nutrition bag for morel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the nutrition bag for morel comprises the following steps:
a. pulverizing the wheat seeds, the corncobs and the hardwood sawdust to the particle size of 0.5-1.5mm, and uniformly mixing;
b. mixing the quick lime, the calcined gypsum, the oil residue, the amino acid additive and the amino acid additive with water, wherein the mass of the water is 1.3-1.5 times of the sum of the mass of the wheat seeds, the mass of the corncobs and the mass of the hardwood sawdust, spraying the mixture on the material obtained in the step a after uniform mixing, and uniformly stirring;
c. c, adding water into the leavening agent for dissolving, uniformly spraying the leavening agent on the material obtained in the step b, and uniformly stirring;
d. c, stacking the materials obtained in the step c for fermentation, wherein the stacking height is 0.5-1m, the stacking width is 1.5-4m, the water content is kept at 60-65%, the stacking temperature is 50-65 ℃, and the fermentation is carried out for 3-5 days;
e. after fermentation is finished, adding the insect-resist agent, uniformly mixing, bagging the obtained materials, and filling 60-75% of the total volume of each bag;
f. and sealing the bag, and performing high-temperature sterilization treatment to obtain the morchella nutrition bag.
5. The nutrition bag for morchella as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the amino acid additive comprises at least one of glutamic acid, lysine, valine, glycine, proline.
6. The nutrition bag for morchella as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the insect repellent comprises at least one of acetamiprid and abamectin.
7. A method for planting morchella esculenta, comprising supplementing nutrients with the nutrient bag for morchella esculenta according to any one of claims 1 to 6; wherein
And (2) one side of the length direction of the nutrient bag for the morchella is damaged to form an opening, and the side, provided with the opening, of the nutrient bag for the morchella is placed on the ground where the morchella is sowed and compacted.
8. The morchella planting method according to claim 7, further comprising planting the morchella in a greenhouse and on ridge beds, wherein each ridge bed is 1-1.5m wide and 20-30mm high;
when the nutrient bags for the morchella are used for supplementing nutrition, 2 rows of the nutrient bags for the morchella are uniformly placed on each ridge bed in the width direction, and the length direction of each row of the nutrient bags for the morchella is parallel to the width direction of the ridge bed; the distance between every two toadstool nutrition bags in each row is 40-50 cm.
9. The morchella planting method according to claim 8, wherein the greenhouse temperature is maintained at 10-18 ℃.
10. The method for planting morchella as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the opening of the nutrition bag for morchella has a length of 8 to 12cm and a width of 1 to 1.5 cm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115530008A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2022-12-30 | 段双路 | Greenhouse cultivation method for morchella esculenta |
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