KR20030039402A - The livestock feeds and the method of livestock feeds production using edible mushroom mycelia - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided are livestock feeds and a method for producing the same by directly processing edible mushroom mycelia to livestock feeds or by mixing the edible mushroom mycelia with conventional livestock feeds. CONSTITUTION: A method for producing livestock feeds comprises the steps of: preparing a culture medium by mixing sawdust and nutritional additives; inserting the medium into a bottle then sterilizing it; inoculating edible mushroom to culture its mycelia; heat-drying the cultured medium to moisture content of 14-16%; and pulverizing or nonpulverizing the medium, and followed by packing it.

Description

The livestock feeds and the method of livestock feeds production using edible mushroom mycelia}

The present invention relates to a method for producing a livestock feed containing the mycelial medium of edible mushrooms as a main component, and more specifically, to a regular livestock feed used in the livestock industry, the edible mushroom mycelium medium is used as a feed or a regular livestock feed It relates to a method of producing a livestock feed characterized in that it is blended in and feed.

Conventionally, various additives have been developed as livestock feeds, and recently, livestock feed development using food waste, farm by-products, etc. has been actively developed, but there is no way to utilize mushrooms as feed for livestock.

Mushrooms are generally composed of fruiting bodies with mycelia, the nutrient organs, and spores, the reproductive organs. It is easy to think that the fresh fruit part of the fruit we use for food is all mushrooms, but in fact, fruiting is only a short period in the mushroom's life, and spores are difficult to absorb.

On the other hand, mycelium, which is a substance of mushrooms, is parasitic or by-product of white mold in organic matters such as humus or old wood, and most of the year has little utilization and research.

However, according to the report, the mycelium contains about four times more nutrients than fruiting bodies, and in particular, it contains balanced nutrients such as proteins, amino acids, various vitamins, minerals, and various enzymes. In addition, the mystery of mushrooms is hidden in the mycelium because it contains about 50 to 60 times more in the mycelium as a medicinal ingredient. (Excerpted from the 1992 Pharmaceutical Newspaper, "Academic Information for National Pharmacists") It is pointed out that the mycelium is richer than the fruiting bodies we eat. In short, the mycelium we can not eat is a nutritious mass.

However, even though the mycelium contains a large amount of nutrients, it is not properly used and is generally used as compost for vegetable and fruit growing farmers or treated as waste.

In addition, artificial cultivation of edible mushrooms has been greatly expanded due to the mass production of pure culture spawns such as mushrooms, shiitake, elders, wood, grass, etc., and domestic mushroom cultivation has exceeded 70,000 M / T. The remaining byproducts are a huge resource.

On the other hand, with the concern about the spread of mad cow disease worldwide and the outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in Korea, interest in healthy livestock raising is increasing, and functional feed development for this is progressing. In the case of mushrooms, amino acids, manittes, trehalose, etc. are a lot of vitamins and enzymes, such as vitamin B ₂ and D are present, it is an alkaline food that is no less than normal vegetables. In addition, the medicinal value, such as anti-cancer effect, anti-hypertension effect, skin beauty effect in a number of mushrooms has been gradually revealed, the utilization of mushrooms as a livestock feed has become a challenge.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing livestock feed, characterized in that the edible mushroom mycelium medium is processed and blended with a common livestock feed used in the livestock industry.

In order to solve the above problems, the cultivation of edible mushroom medium by using the farming by-products such as sawdust, wood, rice straw, as a culture medium for mushroom cultivation, inoculating edible mushroom bacteria through inoculation and sterilization, cultivating mycelia under certain conditions It is intended to produce a variety of blended feed so as to be suitable for livestock feed by using as a raw material or by processing the mycelium medium remaining after fruiting body harvest.

Hereinafter, the preferred embodiment of the present invention according to the material of the mushroom medium will be described in detail.

As a first embodiment, a method of manufacturing livestock feed using sawdust as a medium.

First process (medium production stage)

In the present invention, the medium is an important ground for providing an environment for mycelial growth, and the sawdust used for mushroom cultivation is a function of a support for allowing aeration of the medium and a source of a material for mushroom growth such as lignin present in wood. Becomes

Commonly used wood materials include prunus oak, oyster oak, poplar, chestnut, mulberry, walnut, conifer, cinnamon, plum, oak, persimmon, plum, apricot, beech, cherry, peach, Hardwoods such as oak, tangerine, pear, cherry, apple, fig, dwarf and maple are used and conifers such as pine, fir and pine. In addition, leaves and stems of various grains such as barley straw, rice straw, straw, corn leaf, corn stem, ball leaf (large), sorghum leaf (large) and the like are used. The medium material is made of sawdust as a mechanical device to form the optimal nutritional conditions to help the growth and ignition of mushrooms by mixing nutrients and moisture (65% ~ 70%). The nutrients to be added are soybeans (peanut peeling), jelly, rice bran, bran, jangyubak, soybean meal.

The blending ratio of nutritional additives consistent with the object of the present invention is as follows.

Sawdust ------------------------ 40-50%

Degreasing rice -------------------- 10-20%

Bran, Wheat Pear --------------- 10-20%

Ink ------------------------ 1-5%

Corn flour starch ----------- 3-10%

Soybean meal, rapeseed meal, protected fat, etc .---------- 4- 5%

Molasses ------------------------ 5%

Fishmeal ------------------------ 5%

Grass vinegar or vegetable or green grass leaf extract --- 1%

Activated Carbon ---------------------- 1%

Zeolite ------------------ 1%

Phosphate, calcium -------------------- 0.5%

Second Process (Sterilization Sterilization after Entering Hospital)

This step is a step of mechanically filling the prepared medium in a uniform container.

At this time, the material of the bottle may be a basket, a polypropylene container, a pot bottle, etc., and the filling of the material is to soften the bottom and the center of the cultivation bottle and to harden the bottle mouth to prevent water evaporation in the medium.

After the bottle is sealed, the lid is sealed and sterilized in a sterilized boiler room at a pressure of 1.0-1.2kg / cm ² , at a temperature of 121 ° C. for about 60-70 minutes, or again at 100 ° C. for 4 hours to 7 hours. In order to eradicate bacterium such as actinomycetes, bacteria, yeast, nucoa bacteria and nurspoa bacteria through autoclaving.

The high pressure, high temperature sterilized medium container is rapidly cooled to inhibit the growth of various bacteria, and transferred to a clean room.

3rd process (mycelium culture stage)

This step is a step of culturing mycelium by aseptic inoculation of edible mushroom bacteria in the sterilized medium. Mushrooms that can be inoculated include Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus eryngii, shiitake bacteria, Shiitake bacteria, Saccharactus, Encephalomycetes, Staphylococcus aureus, Leaf fungus, Taste fungi, Mantis pneumoniae, Age germ, White fungus, Golden ear fungus, Cloud Choose any of the mushrooms.

The inoculation amount of the spawn is inoculated at 10 g / bottle to 15 g / bottle and inoculated at a temperature of 19 ° C. to 20 ° C.

The inoculated medium is transferred to the culture chamber, and ventilated for 15 minutes every 7-8 hours at room temperature 18 ℃ -25 ℃ state, the mycelium is cultured on the medium.

4th process (mixed feed manufacturing step)

When the mycelium is spread in the medium in the third step, the container is collected and cut or decollected, and the mycelium medium is transferred to a hot air drying chamber at 80-100 degrees. At this time, if the drying room temperature is dried at a high temperature of about 250-300 degrees, the mycelium medium may burn black and nutrients may be destroyed. The hot air-dried mycelium medium is gradually transported to a conveyor belt, when heat is dissipated and the moisture content is 14-16%, it is packaged for feeding and supplied to the feed.

On the other hand, the fruiting body formed by culturing in the third step may be used as a feed or the remaining mycelium medium harvested and mixed with other conventional feed. The mycelia collected in the same manner as described above is transferred to a drying chamber at 80-100 ℃ Dry until the moisture content is 14-16%.

When blending the dried mycelium medium with other conventional feed, the blending ratio of the feed can be variously adjusted according to the type and size of breeding livestock.

* Example of the mixing ratio of mycelium medium feed

Medium Feed 30%, Combined Feed 70%

Medium Feed 50%, Compound Feed 50%

Medium Feed 70%, Combined Feed 30%

The blended feed compounded with the mycelium medium feed is packaged and taken out.

The second embodiment is a method of using solid wood or the like for the medium material.

First process (medium production stage)

This step is to prepare a medium using wood,

Prunus oak, oyster, hawthorn, poplar, chestnut, cinnamon, plum, apricot, persimmon, plum, apricot, apple, pear, beech, cherry, peach, oak, tangerine, fig Hardwood logs, such as trees and warp trees, and softwoods such as pine trees and fir trees are used.

The wood is dried to a level of 65% -70% moisture and cut into lengths of 30 cm.

2nd process (after sterilization step)

The solid wood prepared in the first step is granulated in a polypropylene vinyl container made of a heat resistant resin. The wood is to supply nutrients to promote the growth and germination of mushroom mycelia.

Nutritional supplements are provided to promote growth and germination consistent with the object of the present invention.

Chaff, sawdust -------------------- 30%

Degreasing rice bran ---------------------- 10-20%,

Starch -------------------------- 18%

Soybean Meal ----------------------- 5%

Rapeseed ------------------------ 4-5%

Grass Vinegar or Vegetable or Green Vine Leaf Extract --- 1%

Activated Carbon ------------------------ 1%

Zeolite -------------------- 1%

Cookie Crumbs -----------------

Calcium Phosphate --------- 0.5%

Molasses -------------------------- 5%

After stirring the nutrient additives evenly and evenly applied to the side or top of the wood, cover the cover of the polypropylene vinyl container. The sealed media logs are sterilized in a sterilized boiler room at a pressure of 1.0kg / cm ² , maintained at a temperature of 121 ° C., at high temperature for 60-70 minutes, or after sterilization at 100 ° C. for 4 hours to 7 hours, It is quenched to create conditions unreasonable for the growth of various bacteria.

3rd step (mycelium culture step)

After transferring the sterile medium prepared in the second step to a sterile chamber, the medium is inoculated with mushroom bacteria on the top and side of the medium and open the vinyl at a temperature of 18-20 ℃.

Mushroom bacteria inoculate 10g each one mushroom bacteria in one container, depending on the type of medium wood.

In case of hardwood, cloud mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii, Echinacea, Shiitake fungus, S. mushroom fungus, Enoki mushroom, Moth fungus, Leaf fungus fungus, Flax fungus fungus Etc. are suitable, and in the case where the log is a chipwood, willows (plows), enoki mushrooms, and bokyong bacteria are preferred.

The inoculated media logs are transferred to the incubation chamber, and after being ventilated for 15 minutes every 7-8 hours at room temperature of 18 ° C.-25 ° C., the mycelia are cultured on the logs.

4th step (mixed feed manufacturing step)

When the wood cultured in the third step is yellow and the smell of mushrooms is oozing, the medium wood is completely mycelium state, the polypropylene vinyl is peeled off and the medium wood is crushed into a grinder.

The pulverized product is put into a drier and dried until the water content of the mycelium becomes about 14-16% at a temperature of about 80 ° C-100 ° C.

At this time, if the drying room temperature is performed at a high temperature of about 250 ° C. to 300 ° C., nutrients in the mycelium are destroyed, and toxins are generated due to carbonization of the mycelium. If the medium is contaminated with mold, sterilize for 40 minutes to 50 minutes at a temperature of 121 ℃, and pulverized in the same manner as above.

The wood pulverized product produced through the above process is packed out in a predetermined amount and used as livestock feed. The fruiting body is harvested from the wood medium, and the feed can be made by grinding only the remaining wood.

On the other hand, the pulverized product can be used in combination with other conventional livestock feed, it can be flexibly adjusted according to the type, size of the livestock.

* Example of the mixing ratio of mycelium medium feed

Medium Feed 30%, Combined Feed 70%

Medium Feed 50%, Compound Feed 50%

Medium Feed 70%, Combined Feed 30%

The blended feed compounded with the mycelium medium feed is packaged and taken out.

The third embodiment is a method of using a crest, corn, barley, dense, etc. as the medium material.

First step (medium production process)

Immerse crests in 5-10 hours to contain 65% -70% water. The water-containing crests and the like are bundled with a binder to make a bundle about 20 cm in length, and the bundles are piled up in about 3 m to about 1 m in height and completely covered with vinyl. When the load bundle heats and the temperature of the center rises to about 65-70 degrees Celsius, it is easy to breed bacteria such as streptomyces, which are thermophilic microorganisms, so that the bundle is reversed or reloaded to facilitate ventilation.

2nd process (granulation process)

In the second step, vinyl is placed on the bottom surface of the fungus in the grower, and the medium prepared in the first step is granulated to a thickness of about 20 cm. After standing, water for 2-3 days with an automatic hose at room temperature of about 20 degrees Celsius, and after the room temperature is raised to 30-40 degrees, watering again to maintain sufficient moisture.

3rd process (mycelium culture process)

This process is to supply other auxiliary nutrients to the top of the crest granulated in the second step to promote the growth and development of mushroom mycelia. Nutrients that can be used as additives vary widely, but it is desirable to use materials suitable for animal feed.

Nutritional supplements are provided to promote growth and germination consistent with the object of the present invention.

Chaff, sawdust --------------------- 40-50%

Degreasing rice bran ---------------------- 10-20%

Bran ------------------------ 10-20%

Ink -------------------------- 1% -5%

Grass Vinegar or Vegetable or Green Vine Leaf Extract-1%

Activated Carbon ------------------------ 1%

Zeolite -------------------- 1%

Corn flour starch ------------ 3-10%

Soybean meal, rapeseed meal, protected fat, etc .---------- 4-5%

Phosphate, Calcium ---------------------- 0.5%

Molasses -------------------------- 5%

Fish Meal ------------------------- 5%

The materials are sufficiently stirred in an automatic mixer while maintaining 65% -70% moisture. The mixed nutrient additive is evenly applied on the top of the granulated crest of the second step by about 2-5 cm and completely covered with vinyl. The coated medium was maintained for 6-7 hours at 60-70 degrees Celsius, and then maintained for 2-3 days at 50% -55% moisture content. At this time, in order to induce aerobic fermentation, it is better to control the temperature through natural ventilation, such as opening and closing the window, and be careful not to tear the vinyl when the hole is formed in the coated vinyl.

Seeds are seeded at a temperature of 20-25 degrees Celsius in the natural state in the medium. The inoculation method is lightly spread evenly on all four sides of the medium with a vinyl coating, about 8 to 10 pounds of spawn per square foot is used. At this time, inoculated with alcohol-gloveed gloves to prevent invasion of germs, it is necessary to spray mushroom dust 3% in the cultivator immediately before inoculation to control mushroom flies.

4-5 days after the spawn inoculation, the temperature is maintained at 20 degrees Celsius, and then slightly elevated to 20 degrees in the state of about 20 degrees to 25 degrees, mushroom mycelia inoculated at the bottom of the medium is rampant.

4th stage (mixed feed manufacturing stage)

When the wood cultivated in the third step is yellow and the mushroom smell is oozing, the medium wood is completely mycelium state and transferred to the hot air drying room until the moisture content is 14-16% at 80-100 degrees Celsius. Dried, crushed by machine, packed and taken out.

Meanwhile, only the mycelium medium remaining after harvesting the fruiting body in the third step is dried by the same process as above, and the dried mycelium medium may be crushed by a machine and blended with other feeds. The blending ratio of mycelial feed can be adjusted variously according to the type and size of breeding livestock.

* Example of the mixing ratio of mycelium medium feed

Medium Feed 30%, Combined Feed 70%

Medium Feed 50%, Compound Feed 50%

Medium Feed 70%, Combined Feed 30%

The blended feed compounded with the mycelium medium feed is packaged and taken out.

The present invention develops and provides a mushroom mycelium medium for a new purpose of livestock feed, and in particular, by providing a mycelial medium as a feed to livestock farms after fruiting, which has not been previously utilized, by reducing feed expenses by 20% -50% You can reduce your expenses.

In addition, it is possible to improve foreign currency saving and farm household income by replacing feeds that have been dependent on imports.

In addition, the nutrients and medicinal components contained in the mushroom mycelium are effective in the prevention of livestock diseases and healthy meat breeding.

Claims (8)

Preparing an edible mushroom medium by blending nutritional additives into sawdust; Germicidal sterilization after entering the medium; Inoculating a kind of edible fungus bacteria on the sterile medium to culture the mycelia; Drying the cultured mycelium medium by hot air drying and packaging the animal feed by a predetermined unit without grinding or pulverizing in a 14% -16% moisture content state; a livestock feed manufacturing method comprising: Cutting the wood about 30cm in length to prepare an edible mushroom medium; Placing the wood medium in a polypropylene container or the like, applying a nutritional additive to seal the microorganism, and then sterilizing the microorganism; Inoculating a kind of edible mushroom bacteria on the sterile wood medium and culturing mycelium; Drying the mycelium medium cultured wood logs hot-air-dried in a state of 14-16% moisture content, and packaging the pulverized mycelium medium in a livestock feed for each unit; Livestock feed production method comprising a. Preparing a edible mushroom medium by immersing grain by-products such as rice straw, corn stalks, barley straw, dense for a predetermined time; Granulating the medium to a thickness of about 20 cm and maintaining sufficient moisture through watering after granulation; Culturing the mycelia by inoculating a kind of edible fungus on a sterile medium by sterilizing various bacteria after completely coating the granulated medium with vinyl; Drying the cultured mycelium medium by hot air drying and pulverizing it in a 14% -16% water content state, and packaging the pulverized mycelium medium with livestock feed for each predetermined unit; a livestock feed manufacturing method comprising: According to claim 3, Livestock feed manufacturing method, characterized in that evenly applied to the top of the straw straw granulated rice nutrient additive in the mycelium culture step. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the infested mycelium medium is dried at a temperature of 80-100 ° C. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein only the mycelium medium remaining after harvesting the fruiting body from the cultured mushroom is used as a livestock feed in the same manner as above. Edible mushroom mycelium livestock feed, characterized in that produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 The livestock feed according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the mycelial medium product and the existing livestock feed are blended in various weight ratios according to the type and growth stage of the livestock.