CN109880855A - A kind of Silaging method for improving stalk anaerobic fermentation and producing methane quantity - Google Patents
A kind of Silaging method for improving stalk anaerobic fermentation and producing methane quantity Download PDFInfo
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- CN109880855A CN109880855A CN201910331255.9A CN201910331255A CN109880855A CN 109880855 A CN109880855 A CN 109880855A CN 201910331255 A CN201910331255 A CN 201910331255A CN 109880855 A CN109880855 A CN 109880855A
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- stalk
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
The present invention is a kind of Silaging method of raising stalk anaerobic fermentation production methane quantity.Method includes the following steps: the stalk just gathered in be crushed to the length of 0.5-3.0cm；Then additives for ensiling A is sprayed to smashed stalk, and stirred evenly, obtain ensiling stock；Uniform ensiling stock layering will be modulated and be loaded on horizental silo: every layer of filling step are as follows: the stalk of filling 30-60cm thickness, compacting, and additives for ensiling B is uniformly sprayed on surface on it；It is sealed after ensiling stock filling, forms anaerobic environment, (5-25 DEG C) closed preservation 30-90 days, obtain ensiling stalks under natural temperature；The additives for ensiling is that A is calper calcium peroxide solution, and the additives for ensiling B is ammonia spirit.The present invention can prevent stalk mildew, rot, and reduce the loss of nutrients in stalk, effectively improve stalk anaerobic fermentation gas production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural solid waste recovery energy fields, and in particular to a kind of raising stalk anaerobic fermentation production natural pond
The Silaging method of tolerance.
Background technique
China's agricultural crop straw produces 900000000 tons per year, but stalk comprehensive utilization, still in the primary stage, industrialization level is low, skill
Art basis is relatively weak.Except part stalk is used as feed, fertilizer returning to the field, in addition to life fuel, most of stalk arbitrarily stacked or
It abandons, not only results in waste of resources, pollution can be also brought to environment.It is having for stalk recovery energy using stalk Biogas
Efficacious prescriptions method, however the lignocellulosic stalk complexity of stalk is stablized, the cellulose and hemicellulose such as without pre-processing, in stalk
Element is difficult efficiently to be utilized by microorganism.It is produced after biogas mostly uses stalk to mix with feces of livestock and poultry currently with stalk and carries out anaerobism hair
Ferment, but fermentation efficiency is low, straw utilization rate is not high, and the stalk amount handled is limited.The study found that can in the fresh stalk just harvested
Dissolubility sugared content is high, and degree of lignification is low, but during natural air drying, and since the physiological respiration of plant acts on, stalk can be into
One step is lignified, reduces the soluble sugar content of stalk, and lignin, hemicellulose and content of cellulose further increase,
Make the more complicated stabilization of structure, is more unfavorable for continuous utilization.Therefore, retain the soluble component in fresh stalk as far as possible, and
The structure that its lignin and cellulose and hemicellulose are mutually wound effectively is destroyed, is to improve stalk anaerobic fermentation to produce methane quantity
It is crucial.This problem has certain research at present, and Liu Bin etc., which is disclosed, prepares biogas and life using the wet dry combined ferment of energy grass
The method (CN103060388A) of organic fertilizer is produced, Sun Yongming etc. discloses a kind of raising energy grass and prepares the two of biological flue gas efficiency
Opposite induction method (CN102321674A), Yang Fuyu etc. is open to have invented a kind of method for improving energy grass anaerobic fermentation gas production amount
(CN103468749A), it opens the disclosure such as stamen and has invented a kind of straw ensiling method for producing biogas based on high-efficiency fermenting
(CN107574118A).These current existing methods are concentrated mainly on by adding fermentation accelerant (such as lactic acid bacteria, cellulose
Enzyme etc.) or fermentation inhibitor (such as acid, or the molysite with acidity etc.), the structure of stalk itself is destroyed during ensiling
To improve its producing methane through anaerobic fermentation efficiency, but current Silaging method can be lost excessive organic component (soluble sugar, can
Soluble proteins, fat etc.), and there are limitations to lignocellulosic structure complicated in stalk is destroyed.Therefore, it is suitable to find
Silaging method, reduce the loss of organic principle in stalk, the complexity of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in effectively broken stalk
Structure, and do not generate secondary pollution, effectively improves the subsequent producing methane through anaerobic fermentation efficiency of stalk, it is final realize stalk it is efficient,
Inexpensive resource utilization is crucial.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, propose that a kind of raising stalk anaerobic fermentation produces biogas
The Silaging method of amount.The Silaging method is using calper calcium peroxide and ammonium hydroxide as additives for ensiling, effectively killing aerobic bacteria, mould etc.
Miscellaneous bacteria prevents stalk mildew, rots, reduces the loss of nutrients in stalk, while effectively destroying the wood of stalk in ensilage
Matter cellulose labyrinth, can effectively improve stalk anaerobic fermentation gas production.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of Silaging method for improving stalk anaerobic fermentation and producing methane quantity, comprising the following steps:
(1) stalk just gathered in is crushed to the length of 0.5-3.0cm；
(2) additives for ensiling A is sprayed to smashed stalk, and stirred evenly, obtain ensiling stock；The ensiling adds
Adding agent is the calper calcium peroxide solution that A is 2-10wt%, and the additive amount of calper calcium peroxide solution is 15-50mL/kg stalk；
(3) uniform ensiling stock layering will be modulated and be loaded on horizental silo: every layer of filling step are as follows: filling 30-60cm
Thick stalk, compacting, and additives for ensiling B is uniformly sprayed on surface on it；
When ensiling stock after layer-by-layer compacting is higher by ensiling entrance of cellar 30-50cm, the filling of stalk is completed, it is complete with plastic cloth
All standing horizental silo, and the dirt bed of covering 15-30cm is sealed outside plastic cloth, anaerobic environment is formed, in natural temperature
Under (5-25 DEG C) closed preservation 30-90 days, obtain ensiling stalks；
The additives for ensiling B is the ammonia spirit that concentration is 10-20wt%, and the additive amount of ammonium hydroxide is 50-150ml/
Kg ensiling stock.
In the layer-by-layer compacting, the number of plies is 5~12 layers.
The stalk is corn stover, broomcorn straw, wheat straw or straw.
The stalk just gathered in is the fresh stalk of milk stage, dough stage or full ripe stage.
The application for the ensiling stalks that the Silaging method that the raising stalk anaerobic fermentation produces methane quantity obtains, as anaerobism
The raw material of fermentation methane production.
Compared with prior art, method provided by the invention has the advantage that
(1) present invention is a kind of based on the Silaging method for improving stalk anaerobic fermentation production methane quantity, proposes to utilize peroxidating
Calcium and ammonium hydroxide can be effectively suppressed the plant respiration of green stalk, reduce the damage of soluble sugar in stalk as additives for ensiling
It loses, it is further lignified to avoid stalk.Compared with natural air drying stalk, using Silaging method of the invention, stalk can be made
Middle soluble sugar content improves 40-140%, and content of lignin reduces 10-50%.
(2) the additives for ensiling calper calcium peroxide in the present invention and ammonia, which act synergistically, can effectively kill harmful bacteria, and ammonium hydroxide
In the presence of the hydrolysis that can delay calper calcium peroxide, the calcium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide for slowly releasing it still may be used in the ensiling middle and later periods
The excessive breeding of effective lactic acid bacteria inhibiting, reduces the loss of organic principle.
(3) the used additives for ensiling calper calcium peroxide of the present invention and ammonium hydroxide, effectively destroy the lignin in stalk,
To break the labyrinth that lignin and cellulose and hemicellulose are mutually wound, and the ordered crystal structure of cellulose meets with
To destruction, make cellulose in stalk and hemicellulose in the utilization susceptible to hydrolysis of subsequent marsh gas fermentation processes, and then improves biogas
Yield.Compared with air-dried stalk, the Silaging method of acquisition of the invention can make the crystallinity of stalk reduce 10-30%, produce biogas
Amount improves 30%-75%.
(4) additives for ensiling that the present invention uses not only does not inhibit to make after the completion of ensiling to subsequent biogas fermentation
With the additive amount of subsequent nutrient can be reduced instead.Because nitrogen content is extremely low in stalk, however nitrogen is that anaerobe must
The nutrient needed, the ammonium hydroxide that ensilage adds are also used as the nitrogen source of subsequent biogas fermentation, have promotion to make anaerobic fermentation
With, while being also beneficial to maintain the stabilization of biogas fermentation system pH.
(5) biogas fermentation is carried out using the ensiling stalks that the Silaging method obtains as raw material, can not only obtains biogas, fermented
Biogas residue afterwards is free of harmful chemical, can be used as good green organic manure and imposes on farmland, realizes the cyclic utilization of waste,
Secondary pollution will not be generated, ecological agricultural model is easily formed, economic benefit and environmental benefit dramatically increase.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the natural air drying stalk under 500 times；
Fig. 2 is scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the obtained ensiling stalks of embodiment 1 under 500 times.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is further described.But protection scope of the present invention, which must not believe that, only limits to
In following specific embodiments.It is made on the basis of not departing from present inventive concept any to improve, simple deduce or replace on an equal basis
Scheme is changed, category protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The invention proposes a kind of Silaging method for improving straw methane fermentation yield, the present invention can be real by the following method
It applies:
The dough stage corn stalk powder newly gathered in: being broken to the length of 0.5-3cm by ensiling stalks preparation, then to after crushing
Corn stover in spray concentration be 8wt% calper calcium peroxide solution, calper calcium peroxide solution additive amount be the fresh stalk of 40mL/kg, stir
Ensiling stock is obtained after mixing uniformly；
Then ensiling is stocked up and fill cellar: horizental silo is 2.5 meters deep, and every filling 40cm is thick, is tamped with stone pestle, and on ensilage
The ammonia spirit that a concentration is 15wt% is uniformly sprayed on surface, and the additive amount of ammonia spirit is 80mL/kg ensiling stock, then
Continue to repeat one layer new of filling according to the order of " filling-compacting-sprinkling " on herein, until the stalk after compacting
Beyond entrance of cellar 30cm, entrance of cellar covers upper plastic cloth, and the soil of the upper 20cm thickness of covering is sealed on plastic cloth, in natural epidemic disaster in booth
It is saved 35 days for (5-25 DEG C) under degree, obtains ensiling stalks.
Application effect: stalk is mixed with biogas slurry inoculum according to 1:10 mass ratio, and inoculum comes from biogas fermentation
(total solid of inoculation biogas slurry is 3.88% to the biogas slurry of tank discharge, and volatile solid content is 65.06%), then to adjust in total solid
The pH to 7.2 for saving mixture, 37 DEG C at a temperature of carry out anaerobic fermentation 30 days, gas is collected with draining water gathering of gas law, it is daily to survey
Fixed output quota tolerance, per dry matter cumulative gas production is 546mL/g (TS), under identical fermentation condition, the nature of same time harvesting
The cumulative gas production for air-drying corn stover is 321mL/g (TS).Compared with the natural air drying stalk of same time harvesting, by this reality
Apply the implementation of example, soluble sugar content improves 62.3% in ensiling stalks, and content of lignin reduces 43.9%, stalk it is wooden
Cellulosic structure also destroys (see the comparison of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) by effective.Crystallinity reduces 29%, and biogas output improves
70%.
Embodiment 2:
The milk stage corn stalk powder newly gathered in: being broken to the length of 0.5-3cm by ensiling stalks preparation, then to after crushing
Corn stover in spray concentration be 7wt% calper calcium peroxide solution, calper calcium peroxide solution additive amount be the fresh stalk of 30mL/kg, stir
Ensiling stock is obtained after mixing uniformly；
Then ensiling is stocked up and fill cellar: horizental silo is 2.7 meters deep, and every filling 50cm is thick, is tamped with stone pestle, and on ensilage
The ammonia spirit that a concentration is 18wt% is uniformly sprayed on surface, and the additive amount of ammonia spirit is 60mL/kg ensiling stock, then
Continue to repeat one layer new of filling according to the order of " filling-compacting-sprinkling " on herein, until the stalk after compacting
Beyond entrance of cellar 40cm, entrance of cellar covers upper plastic cloth, and the soil of the upper 30cm thickness of covering is sealed on plastic cloth, in natural epidemic disaster in booth
It is saved 40 days for (5-25 DEG C) under degree, obtains ensiling stalks.
Application effect: stalk is mixed with biogas slurry inoculum according to 1:10 mass ratio, and inoculum comes from biogas fermentation
(total solid of inoculation biogas slurry is 3.88% to the biogas slurry of tank discharge, and volatile solid content is 65.06%), then to adjust in total solid
The pH to 7.2 for saving mixture, 37 DEG C at a temperature of carry out anaerobic fermentation 30 days, gas is collected with draining water gathering of gas law, it is daily to survey
Fixed output quota tolerance, per dry matter cumulative gas production is 435mL/g (TS), under identical fermentation condition, the nature of same time harvesting
The cumulative gas production for air-drying corn stover is 316mL/g (TS).Compared with the natural air drying stalk of same time harvesting, by this reality
The implementation of example is applied, soluble sugar content improves 138.6% in ensiling stalks, and content of lignin reduces 19.2%, crystallinity drop
Low 14%, biogas output improves 38%.
Embodiment 3
The full ripe stage corn stalk powder newly gathered in: being broken to the length of 0.5-3cm by ensiling stalks preparation, then to after crushing
Corn stover in spray concentration be 4wt% calper calcium peroxide solution, calper calcium peroxide solution additive amount be the fresh stalk of 50mL/kg, stir
Ensiling stock is obtained after mixing uniformly；
Then ensiling is stocked up and fill cellar: horizental silo is 2.5 meters deep, and every filling 30cm is thick, is tamped with stone pestle, and on ensilage
The ammonia spirit that a mass percentage concentration is 10wt% is uniformly sprayed on surface, and the additive amount of ammonia spirit is 130mL/kg ensiling
Stock, then herein on continue to repeat one layer new of filling according to the order of " filling-compacting-sprinkling ", until pressure
For stalk after reality beyond entrance of cellar 50cm, entrance of cellar covers upper plastic cloth, and the soil progress of the upper 30cm thickness of covering is close on plastic cloth
Envelope saves 60 days for (5-25 DEG C) under natural temperature, obtains ensiling stalks.
Application effect: stalk is mixed with biogas slurry inoculum according to 1:10 mass ratio, and inoculum comes from biogas fermentation
(total solid of inoculation biogas slurry is 3.88% to the biogas slurry of tank discharge, and volatile solid content is 65.06%), then to adjust in total solid
The pH to 7.2 for saving mixture, 37 DEG C at a temperature of carry out anaerobic fermentation 30 days, gas is collected with draining water gathering of gas law, it is daily to survey
Fixed output quota tolerance, per dry matter cumulative gas production is 436mL/g (TS), under identical fermentation condition, the nature of same time harvesting
The cumulative gas production for air-drying corn stover is 307mL/g (TS).Compared with the natural air drying stalk of same time harvesting, by this reality
The implementation of example is applied, soluble sugar content improves 42.6% in ensiling stalks, and content of lignin reduces 24.7%, and crystallinity reduces
24%, biogas output improves 42%.
Embodiment 4
Other steps are the wheat straw that the corn stover of full ripe stage is changed to wheat full ripe stage with embodiment 3, difference, are obtained
To the per dry matter biogas output 417mL/g (TS) of ensiling stalks, and the unit of the wheat stalk of control group natural air drying is dry
Substance biogas output is 300mL/g (TS), and by the implementation of the present embodiment, biogas output improves 39%.
Embodiment 5
Other steps are the broomcorn straw that the corn stover of stage of wax ripeness is changed to stage of wax ripeness with embodiment 1, difference, are obtained
To the per dry matter biogas output 515mL/g (TS) of ensiling stalks, and the unit of the broomcorn straw of control group natural air drying is dry
Substance biogas output is 312mL/g (TS), and by the implementation of the present embodiment, biogas output improves 65%.
Embodiment 6
Other steps are the straw that the corn stover of full ripe stage is changed to rice full ripe stage with embodiment 3, difference, are obtained
To the per dry matter biogas output 401mL/g (TS) of ensiling stalks, and the unit of the broomcorn straw of control group natural air drying is dry
Substance biogas output is 297mL/g (TS), and by the implementation of the present embodiment, biogas output improves 35%.
The present invention carries out ensiling to stalk by the way that calper calcium peroxide reagent is added, and plays the role of three aspects: one, calper calcium peroxide energy
The further physiological respiration effect of green fresh stalk is prevented, respiration will lead to the soluble organic fraction in stalk and be converted to more
For complicated lignin, hemicellulose or cellulose；Two, calper calcium peroxide can be hydrolyzed into calcium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide, and hydrolyze compared with
To be slow, so having good long-acting sterilization effect, harmful miscellaneous bacteria in stalk can be killed, reducing harmful bacteria has stalk
The degradation of machine ingredient, while preventing stalk from going mouldy；Three, the addition of calper calcium peroxide not only plays the role of additives for ensiling,
Due also to stalk long-term (tens days, much larger than the time of general hydrothermal pretreatment) is immersed in calper calcium peroxide medium, it can be to straw
The structure of stalk is effectively destroyed, and when subsequent anaerobic ferment for methane, cellulose inside stalk, these are more difficult for hemicellulose
Just to be become prone to hydrolyze by the component of microbial hydrolytic.
Unaccomplished matter of the present invention is well-known technique.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Silaging method for improving stalk anaerobic fermentation and producing methane quantity, it is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
(1) stalk just gathered in is crushed to the length of 0.5-3.0cm；
(2) additives for ensiling A is sprayed to smashed stalk, and stirred evenly, obtain ensiling stock；The additives for ensiling
The calper calcium peroxide solution for being 2-10wt% for A, the additive amount of calper calcium peroxide solution are 15-50mL/kg stalk；
(3) uniform ensiling stock layering will be modulated and be loaded on horizental silo: every layer of filling step are as follows: filling 30-60cm thickness
Stalk, compacting, and additives for ensiling B is uniformly sprayed on surface on it；
When ensiling stock after layer-by-layer compacting is higher by ensiling entrance of cellar 30-50cm, the filling of stalk is completed, is covered completely with plastic cloth
Lid horizental silo, and the dirt bed of covering 15-30cm is sealed outside plastic cloth, forms the anaerobic environment, (5- under natural temperature
25 DEG C) closed preservation 30-90 days, obtain ensiling stalks；
The additives for ensiling B is the ammonia spirit of 10-20wt%, and the additive amount of ammonium hydroxide is 50-150ml/kg ensiling stock.
2. the Silaging method that stalk anaerobic fermentation produces methane quantity is improved as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described is layer-by-layer
In compacting, the number of plies is 5~12 layers.
3. the Silaging method that stalk anaerobic fermentation produces methane quantity is improved as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the stalk
For corn stover, broomcorn straw, wheat straw or straw.
4. the Silaging method that stalk anaerobic fermentation produces methane quantity is improved as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the rigid receipts
The stalk cut is the fresh stalk of milk stage, dough stage or full ripe stage.
5. the ensiling stalks that the Silaging method for improving stalk anaerobic fermentation production methane quantity as described in claim 1 obtains are answered
With it is characterized in that the raw material as producing methane through anaerobic fermentation.
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