CN103315196A - Method for bundling and ensiling rice straws - Google Patents
Method for bundling and ensiling rice straws Download PDFInfo
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- CN103315196A CN103315196A CN2013102689442A CN201310268944A CN103315196A CN 103315196 A CN103315196 A CN 103315196A CN 2013102689442 A CN2013102689442 A CN 2013102689442A CN 201310268944 A CN201310268944 A CN 201310268944A CN 103315196 A CN103315196 A CN 103315196A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for bundling and ensiling rice straws. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: immediately collecting the rice straws after rice is harvested, inoculating lactic acid bacteria, compressing the straws into square grass blocks and bundling by using straw banders; piling up the bundled grass blocks in a silage pit or a lew with a cement ground; tamping a gap between the adjacent two square grass blocks by a packing material after piling up each layer; orderly piling up upwards, covering and sealing by a plastic film after piling up, and storing for at least one month, and transferring ensiled silage materials to normal storage, wherein the weight of the inoculum concentration of the lactic acid bacteria accounts for 0.5-1.0% of the weight of the rice straws.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of rice straw ensilage, is a kind of a kind of approach of crops straw stalk feed utilization, belongs to the Agriculture Ecological Environment Protection field.
Background technology
In recent years, along with crop yield improves year by year, Rural Urbanization Development and life of farmers level further promote, the agricultural crop straw generation significantly increases, meanwhile, stalk progressively descends as the proportion of utilization of bavin firewood, excessive stalk abandoned is at the edge of a field, roadside or irrigation canals and ditches, by the river course, or burned by the edge of a field, give ecological environment and life, property safety has been brought great hidden danger, and on the other hand, reduce owing to ploughing, aquaculture development, southern plant-eating animal more and more depends on the supply of northern roughage, and then affect plant-eating animal and develop in a healthy way, therefore, how coordinating the excessive contradiction with the roughage wretched insufficiency of stalk, is pendulum one of problem demanding prompt solution in face of agricultural environment and herding production work person.
For stalk, special south rice straw ensiling or microbiological fermented feed utilize problem, and China governments at all levels have all given great attention, and have dropped into a large amount of manpower and materials, have carried out targetedly scientific research, and have formed a collection of patented technology and practical technique.
Publication number is the CN200810017434.7 patent, a kind of ensiling store method of agricultural crop straw is provided, and is the harvesting season crops, behind the straw chopping with fresh crops, be transported in the storage warehouse, pile up, compacting is with the sealing of EPDM rubberized fabric, make it under the condition of airtight anoxia, by the fermentation of anaerobism lactic acid bacteria, suppress the breeding of various miscellaneous bacterias, thereby obtain fresh-keeping and storing.The ensiling agricultural crop straw can keep freshness more than 90% and 80%～90% nutrition, and can deposit 2～3 years.
Publication number CN102885198A patent, a kind of breathing bag little storage banana straw feed and preparation method have been invented, this patent combines the highly active breathing bag of a kind of assurance microorganism, in bag, efficiently finish little storage omnidistance, transport storage period, also be little storage fermentation sync period, solved the primary condition of large-scale industrial production and transportation.
Publication number CN102630860A patent, the quick ensiling complex microorganism additive of a kind of maize straw, formed by aspergillus oryzae, plant lactobacillus, plant lactobacillus and streptococcus lactis mixing, the step of its using method is as follows: 1) dark green maize straw is carried out pulverization process, make the maize straw powder; 2) will be added in the stalk of pulverizing by the organic carrier that corn flour and wheat bran mix, and mix and make the moisture content of mixed material to remain on 65-70%, as the ensiling raw material; 3) above-mentioned complex microorganism additive evenly is sprayed in the above-mentioned ensiling raw material, spray simultaneously the inorganic additive that is mixed by salt, urea and water, compacted density is 550-650kg/m3, and fermentation temperature is 25-30 ℃, and airtight compacting anaerobic fermentation got final product in 24-26 days.
Publication number is the CN102715350A patent, proposes a kind of production method of straw feed, and step is as follows: be particulate material with crushed stalk 1); 2) the part stalk particle is carried out ammonification with ammoniacal liquor or urea liquid and process, obtain ammoniated straw; 3) in part stalk particle raw material, add plant lactobacillus and carry out the ensiling processing, obtain ensiling stalks; 4) stalk after the part ammonification and corn cob granule are added water and mix, add lactic acid or acetum pH is adjusted to 5-6, add fermenting agent and also mix, make the straw degradative enzyme after the fermentation bent; 5) ammoniated straw, ensiling stalks and straw degradative enzyme song are mixed, add zymocyte liquid, obtain moisture stalk fermentation thing after the fermentation; 6) with after fermentate drying or the granulation, obtain straw feed.Advantage of the present invention is: adopt efficient cellulignin degradation bacteria to make the straw degradative enzyme bent, improve the nutrient content in degradation efficiency and the feed; Material fermentation equipment needed thereby is simple, easy and simple to handle, has reduced the cost of feed making.
Publication number is the patent of CN102805206A, invent a kind of rice wheat straw and immediately reclaimed the method for fermented feed utilization, comprised farm tractor, straw bundle chartered plane, straw ensiling zymotic fluid automatic spraying device, coating machine on the apparatus structure of the method design.According to the paddy and wheat growth characteristic, in time gather in the paddy and wheat solid grouting later stage, the stalk of generation adopted this device to collect coating in 3-5 days; During collection, farm tractor moves in the field, drive the straw bundle chartered plane and collect stalk, straw ensiling zymotic fluid automatic spraying device carries out zymotic fluid sprinkling inoculation by straw bundle chartered plane zymotic fluid dispensing port to becoming gradually large straw bundle in the banding machine simultaneously, as straw bundle diameter 50cm, launch with the straw bundle binding and by the Straw bale dispensing port; After straw bundle is launched, in 2-3 hour, be transported to hiding-place, use coating machine with straw bundle coating sealing silage fermentation, as the ensilage of Livestock.The present invention has realized simple and easy, low-cost, instant collection, the fodder utilization to stalk resource.
Publication number is that the patented invention of CN102370103A is a kind of rice straw ensilage method, and the method comprises: the bluish yellow rice straw that (1) will just gather in is cut into the segment of 8-10cm; (2) rice straw that cuts is stacked in the horizental silo, and 100 cubes of every stackings are carried out compacting once, spray simultaneously the ensiling lactic acid bacteria fermenting agent, continues up to stack rice straw after the been sprayed and continues to spray the ensiling lactic acid bacteria fermenting agent, until horizental silo is piled with; (3) ensiling complete after, around ensiling heap, spread plastic sheeting and seal, simultaneously ensiling stalks is carried out compaction treatment, behind the ensiling integral sealing, press sandbag.
Publication number is the patent of CN101480233, processing and the Silaging method of the whole stalk standard of the bright stalk of a kind of corn round bale have been invented, that the whole stalk employing of the bright stalk of corn of new results is alternately mated formation end to end, make the standard round bale of shape, specification and elasticity with standard after compressing, tie up, cut with special-purpose machinery mode and method in accordance with regulations again, then sealed type storage, as with plastic bag sealing, wrap up in bag sealing or cave dwelling sealing, after storing fermentation, become ensilage.The specification of standard ensiling round bale is diameter ￠ 400～600mm, length 700～900mm, elasticity 2.5～4.5; Sealing means has plastic bag sealing, wraps up in bag sealing and cave dwelling sealing; Banking system is vertical vertical display, and dense arrangement is also piled up and is the multilayer stocking and storing.
The patent of publication number CN2507559 has been invented a kind of straw forage and has been suppressed bag storing machine, and this equipment is smashed the parts such as device, auger type squeezer, pack device and formed by hammer slice type.The auger type squeezer is positioned at dead astern or the below that hammer slice type is smashed device, and two axial lines is parallel.Pack device is positioned at the front end of squeezer outbound course.The utility model can be used for the forage grass ensiling and ammonification, saccharification are processed.During work, no matter fresh and dried forage grass feeds from feeding mouth, through pulverizing, compression exhaust, stores in the polybag of directly packing into.
The described rice straw silage of above patent or little storage all need crushed stalk is processed, compacting, bag storage sealing or environmental sealing, because Rice in Southern China Mai Lunzuoqu, during rice harvesting, crossed the wheat Suitable Sowing Period, therefore, requirement is rush-harvested and rush-plant, the no matter seasonal or arrangement of labour, all be difficult to the time and the labour that guarantee that crushed stalk will spend, publication number is the method that CN101480233 has proposed the corn ensilage, need to manually mat formation, when cutting seals with packed sealing or cave dwelling, need vertical vertical display, both time-consumingly also take a lot of work, be difficult to realize at short notice a large amount of straw ensiling targets.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: need crushing straw and the time-consuming expensive shortcoming of taking a lot of work packed or the plastic wraps sealing for present rice straw silage or little storage, the invention provides a kind of method of rice straw ensilage.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of method of rice straw ensilage, it is characterized in that: behind rice harvesting, collect immediately rice straw, the inoculating lactic acid microbial inoculum, utilize straw baler, tie up after stalk is compressed into square careless piece, the Stalk Block of tying up is piled up in the lew on horizental silo or cement ground, whenever pile up one deck, with inserts the slit between the adjacent square careless piece is tamped, upwards pile up successively, pile up complete rear the covering with plastic sheeting and seal, at least stored 1 month, the ensiling material that finishes ensiling changes normal storage over to; Described agent of lactic acid bacteria inoculum concentration is the 0.5-1.0% of rice straw weight.
In the present invention: the described rice straw of collecting immediately, refer to adopt Integration Equipment when rice harvesting, synchronously rice straw to be collected immediately, or adopt collecting machine, carry out straw field pickup in 3 days behind rice harvesting and collect.
In the present invention: describedly stalk is compressed into square careless piece refers to: it is 0.3-0.5 ton/cubic meter that stalk is compressed to density, or during compression, from the bundling stalk, have liquid to flow out till; Tied up by the rope made of hemp or straw rope after being compressed into square careless piece, the volume of square careless piece is 50～100cm * 50～100cm * 50～100cm.
In the present invention: described inserts refers to that fineness is by the milk cow of being rich in carbohydrate or the sheep feed in 20 order apertures.
In the present invention: described milk cow or sheep feed refer to rice chaff or wheat bran or vinasse.
In the present invention: pile up and completely cover sealing with plastic sheeting and refer to afterwards: in horizental silo, pile up and the ensiling entrance of cellar is sealed with plastic sheeting after complete; Or in the lew on cement ground, pile up and careless piece heap periphery and top are sealed with plastic sheeting after complete.
In the present invention: after ensiling finished, the pH value of ensiling material reached 4.0-4.5, and lactic acid content reaches 1.2%-1.5%.
The invention has the advantages that: still keep yellowish green rice straw after will gathering in, directly realized quick, the easy compacting sealing of stalk by compression, binding method, rice straw is broken into square careless piece, be convenient to pile up, and can reduce the space of grass interblock when piling up, utilize filler to fill the slit of careless interblock, further reduce voidage in the ensiling material, accelerate material anaerobic fermentation and acid production process, reduce the loss of digestible nutrient in the rice straw.In addition, the present invention utilizes existing compression bundling machine equipment, can greatly shorten the needed time of rice straw silage, improved efficient, reduced because of the packed or issuable secondary pollution risk of plastic wraps, adopted and pile up the sealing ensiling, increased the adaptability of rice straw silage to site requirements, reduce cost, also improved the success rate of rice straw silage simultaneously.
Technology indicators of overall performance of the present invention is with the advantage of similar technology comparison: will compress without the rice straw of pulverizing, pile up ensiling, compare with the ensiling of bundling plastic sheeting parcel, can reduce 100-150 yuan/ton of cost, compare with pulverizing compacting packing and ensiling, can shorten for 2/3 time, and can reduce 10-100 yuan/ton of cost, compare with processing and the Silaging method of the whole stalk standard of the bright stalk of corn round bale, the mechanical compress convenient operation, square careless piece is easily piled up sealing, increases the filler filling and can improve silage effect, accelerate ensiling acidifying process and the loss that reduces the ensiling material.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
When the harvesting paddy rice, adopt rice harvesting and rice straw bundling Integration Equipment, carry out stalk and do not land collection, simultaneously large straw bundle is continual sprays inoculation to the agent of lactic acid bacteria automatic spraying device to becoming gradually in the straw baler, inoculum concentration is 0.5% of rice straw weight, it is 0.3-0.5 ton/cubic meter that last stalk is compressed to density, specification is the square careless piece of 50 cm * 50 cm * 50 cm, then tie up, pile up being transported in the horizental silo in square careless piece 2-3 hour after tying up, whenever pile up one deck, use less than 20 purpose rice chaff the slit between the adjacent square careless piece is tamped, pile up finish after, with plastic sheeting horizental silo is covered sealing, stored 2 months, ensiling this moment material pH value reaches 4.0-4.5, lactic acid content reaches 1.2%-1.5%, finishes ensilage, then carries out normal storage.
Embodiment 2
Before the harvesting, make up first the lew that contains the cement flooring.When the harvesting paddy rice, rice harvesting adopts the straw field pickup machine to carry out straw field pickup and collects in post-job 3 days, simultaneously large straw bundle is continual sprays inoculation to the agent of lactic acid bacteria automatic spraying device to becoming gradually in the straw baler, inoculum concentration is 1.0% of rice straw weight, last stalk has been compressed to till the liquid outflow, the formation specification is the square careless piece of 100cm * 100 cm * 100 cm, then tie up, pile up being transported in horizental silo or the lew in the Stalk Block 2-3 after tying up hour, whenever pile up one deck, with vinasse the slit between the adjacent square careless piece tamped, pile up finish after, seal with plastic sheeting at careless piece heap periphery and top, stored 1 month, ensiling this moment material pH value reaches 4.0-4.5, and lactic acid content reaches 1.2%-1.5%, finish ensilage, then carry out normal storage.
Embodiment 3
Material after embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 normal storage is being lacked the basic feed of feed season (winter) as milk cow or sheep; when feeding, the material after the normal storage is pulverized, then mixed concentrate; make the TRM material, be re-used as the overwintering feed of milk cow or sheep.
Above each embodiment is not to unique restriction of the present invention, as long as under the enlightenment of claim, in conjunction with the basic general knowledge of this area, implements same or analogous method and carries out ensiling, all falls into protection category of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the method for a rice straw ensilage, it is characterized in that: behind rice harvesting, collect immediately rice straw, the inoculating lactic acid microbial inoculum, utilize straw baler, tie up after stalk is compressed into square careless piece, the Stalk Block of tying up is piled up in the lew on horizental silo or cement ground, whenever pile up one deck, with inserts the slit between the adjacent square careless piece is tamped, upwards pile up successively, pile up complete rear the covering with plastic sheeting and seal, at least stored 1 month, the ensiling material that finishes ensiling changes normal storage over to; Described agent of lactic acid bacteria inoculum concentration is the 0.5-1.0% of rice straw weight.
2. the method for a kind of rice straw ensilage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described rice straw of collecting immediately, refer to adopt Integration Equipment when rice harvesting, synchronously rice straw to be collected immediately, or the employing collecting machine, carry out straw field pickup in 3 days behind rice harvesting and collect.
3. the method for a kind of rice straw ensilage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: describedly stalk is compressed into square careless piece refers to: it is 0.3-0.5 ton/cubic meter that stalk is compressed to density, or when compression, from the bundling stalk, have liquid to flow out till; Tied up by the rope made of hemp or straw rope after being compressed into square careless piece, the volume of square careless piece is 50～100cm * 50～100cm * 50～100cm.
4. the method for a kind of rice straw ensilage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described inserts refers to that fineness is by the milk cow of being rich in carbohydrate or the sheep feed in 20 order apertures.
5. the method for a kind of rice straw ensilage according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described milk cow or sheep feed refer to rice chaff or wheat bran or vinasse.
6. the method for described a kind of rice straw ensilage one of according to claim 1-5 is characterized in that: pile up and completely cover sealing with plastic sheeting and refer to afterwards: pile up in horizental silo and the ensiling entrance of cellar is sealed with plastic sheeting after complete; Or in the lew on cement ground, pile up and careless piece heap periphery and top are sealed with plastic sheeting after complete.
7. the method for a kind of rice straw ensilage according to claim 6 is characterized in that: after ensiling finished, the pH value of ensiling material reached 4.0-4.5, and lactic acid content reaches 1.2%-1.5%.
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| CN201310268944.2A CN103315196B (en) | 2013-07-01 | 2013-07-01 | Method for bundling and ensiling rice straws |
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| CN201310268944.2A CN103315196B (en) | 2013-07-01 | 2013-07-01 | Method for bundling and ensiling rice straws |
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Cited By (8)
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| CN104171301A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2014-12-03 | 南宁学院 | Manufacture method of silage |
| CN104839439A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-08-19 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Processing method of kenaf silage |
| CN105325689A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-02-17 | 西北民族大学 | Residue-vegetable compressing, bagging and stacking type silage production technology |
| CN109123096A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-04 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of method of two-stage method production straw feed |
| CN109329592A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-15 | 鲍源 | A kind of Silaging method of rice straw feed |
| CN109619270A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of preparation method of dry rice straw fermented feed |
| CN109880855A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-06-14 | 河北工业大学 | A kind of Silaging method for improving stalk anaerobic fermentation and producing methane quantity |
| CN111084282A (en) * | 2020-02-03 | 2020-05-01 | 河南科技学院 | Wrapped ammoniated wheat straw and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104171301A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2014-12-03 | 南宁学院 | Manufacture method of silage |
| CN104839439A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-08-19 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Processing method of kenaf silage |
| CN104839439B (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2018-02-27 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of processing method of bluish dogbane ensilage |
| CN105325689A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-02-17 | 西北民族大学 | Residue-vegetable compressing, bagging and stacking type silage production technology |
| CN109123096A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-04 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of method of two-stage method production straw feed |
| CN109329592A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-15 | 鲍源 | A kind of Silaging method of rice straw feed |
| CN109619270A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of preparation method of dry rice straw fermented feed |
| CN109880855A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-06-14 | 河北工业大学 | A kind of Silaging method for improving stalk anaerobic fermentation and producing methane quantity |
| CN111084282A (en) * | 2020-02-03 | 2020-05-01 | 河南科技学院 | Wrapped ammoniated wheat straw and preparation method thereof |
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