CN102630860A - Maize straw quick ensiling complex microorganism additive and use method thereof - Google Patents
Maize straw quick ensiling complex microorganism additive and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102630860A CN102630860A CN2012101379707A CN201210137970A CN102630860A CN 102630860 A CN102630860 A CN 102630860A CN 2012101379707 A CN2012101379707 A CN 2012101379707A CN 201210137970 A CN201210137970 A CN 201210137970A CN 102630860 A CN102630860 A CN 102630860A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a maize straw quick ensiling complex microorganism additive which comprises the following components of aspergillus oryzaze, plant lactic acid bacteria, and a mixture of plant lactic acid bacteria and lactic streptococci. A use method comprises the following steps : 1) smashing green maize straws to prepare maize straw powder; 2) adding an organic carrier which is formed by mixing maize powder and bran into the smashed maize straw powder, uniformly mixing the materials until the water content rate of the mixture keeps 65-70%, and taking the mixture as an ensiling raw material; and 3) uniformly spraying a complex microorganicm additive in the ensiling raw material, and simultaneously, spraying an inorganic additive formed by mixing salt, urea and water into the ensiling raw material wherein the compacted density is 550-650kg/m<3>, the fermentation temperature is 25-30 DEG C, and the closed compacted anaerobic fermentation is carried out for twenty-four to twenty-six days. The maize straw quick ensiling complex microorganism additive and the use method have the advantages that the use effect of the ensiling microorganism additive is improved, the quality of ensiled feed is improved, the time for ensiling the maize straws is shortened, and the ensiling production effect can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of stalk is the microbial fermentation additive of substrate, relates to the preparation and the method for using thereof of the quick ensiling complex microorganism additive of a kind of maize straw especially.
Background technology
Ensiling is that dark green stalk secluding air is carried out airtight preservation, makes anaerobe fermentation produce organic acid and causes ensilage inner acidic environment then, suppresses other growth of aerobic microorganisms, thereby reaches the purpose of preserving dark green straw nutrition.If the proper preservation of ensilage ability can be satisfied annual feed demand, reduce the use of grain feed.Therefore, agricultural crop straw through alleviating the not enough situation of animal husbandry concentrated feed after the ensiling processing, reduces feeding cost as a kind of resource.
That dark green corn straw silage generally need add is inorganic, organic additive and microbe additive, and inorganic additive comprises salt, urea etc.; Organic additive comprises corn flour, wheat bran, rice bran etc., can be used as the startup nutriment of microbiological anaerobic fermentation; Microbe additive generally comprises the fungi of the plain enzyme of eccrine fiber and the bacterium of secretion lactic acid, and this bacterioid generally includes Bacillus acidi lactici, streptococcus, sheet coccus etc.
At present, the ensiling technology is employed in animal husbandry is produced, but still comes with some shortcomings; Reason is in ensilage; Several kinds of microorganisms grow in same environment, and some microorganism shows mutual inhibition, yet not all complex microorganism additive can both be brought into play good effect; Cause ensiling early stage aerobic microbiological breed Shengs, produce acid phase PH and underspeed slow and cause the nutriment loss seriously, make that ensiling is undesirable even fail.Therefore, the composition of microorganism compound additive and the key factor that concrete method for using is the ensiling technology to improve the ensiling success rate, shorten the ensiling time on the other hand, enhance productivity.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to above-mentioned existing problems; Quick ensiling complex microorganism additive of a kind of maize straw and method for using thereof are provided, so that improve microoganism additives for ensiling result of use, raising ensilage quality, shortening corn straw silage required time, raising ensiling production efficiency.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
The quick ensiling complex microorganism additive of a kind of maize straw; By aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae; L201), plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus; CGMCC.155), plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum, ACCC11016) and streptococcus lactis (Lactococcus lactis ACCC11093) mix to form.
Said aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae; L201), plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum; CGMCC.155), plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum; ACCC11016) and streptococcus lactis (Lactococcus lactis, percentage by weight ACCC11093) is respectively 10%, 60%, 20% and 10%.
The method for using of the quick ensiling complex microorganism additive of a kind of said maize straw is a raw material with dark green maize straw,, sprays complex microorganism additive then and carries out anaerobic fermentation as organic carrier with corn flour, wheat bran, and concrete steps are following:
1) dark green maize straw is carried out pulverization process, make the maize straw powder;
2) will be added in the stalk of pulverizing by the organic carrier that corn flour and wheat bran mix, and mix and make the moisture content of mixed material to remain on 65-70%, as the ensiling raw material;
3) above-mentioned complex microorganism additive evenly is sprayed in the above-mentioned ensiling raw material, sprays the inorganic additive that is mixed by salt, urea and water simultaneously, compacted density is 550-650kg/m
3, fermentation temperature is 25-30 ℃, airtight compacting anaerobic fermentation got final product in 24-26 days.
Said dark green maize straw powder particle diameter is 0.5-1.0cm.
The weight ratio of corn flour and wheat bran is 4:1 in the said organic carrier.
The percentage by weight of maize straw powder and organic carrier is in the said ensiling raw material: maize straw powder 95%, organic carrier 5%.
The addition of said complex microorganism additive is the 2-3% of ensiling raw material weight.
The purity of urea is 75% in the said inorganic additive; Salt and purity are that the gross weight of 75% urea and the weight ratio of water are 1:10.
Said inorganic additive sprinkling amount is the 6-10% of the weight of ensiling raw material.
In anaerobic fermentation process; Aerobic bacteria activation phase aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae, L201), performance is effect mainly; The bacterial classification that initial phase of acidifying and mid-term play a major role is plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus; CGMCC.155) and plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum, ACCC11016), later stage streptococcus lactis (Lactococcus lactis; ACCC11093) work, glucose and pentose obtain the utilization of three kinds of lactic acid bacterias in whole fermentation process.The acting as of the control of fermentation condition and the performance of four kinds of Institute of Micro-biology makes the high-grade maize straw silage provides solution.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1) the present invention can make the ensiling raw material get into fast and produce the sour phase; Shift to an earlier date 3-5 days than general ensilage; The combinations of three kinds of lactic acid bacterias is used can effectively avoid secondary fermentation, and the bacterial classification in this complex microorganism additive can play degradation to the part cellulose in the raw material, makes that fibrous matter obtains utilizing in the fermented feed; The use of three kinds of good ensiling lactic acid bacterias makes the pH value attenuating time shorten the lactic acid run-up;
2) the present invention can make the ensilage lactic acid content reach more than the 2mg/g in 24-26 days, and acetic acid content is not higher than 0.25mg/g simultaneously, and butyric acid content is not higher than 0.02mg/g;
3) four kinds of bacterial strains that the present invention relates to do not have antagonism; Used aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae; L201) be excellent species; Be the liquid fermentation CMC enzyme activity of substrate and PFA enzyme activity peak value place can reach 180U/mL respectively and more than the 210U/mL (U/mL is an enzyme activity unit, and it is an enzyme activity unit that the hydrolysis of cellulase per minute catalytic substrate generates 1 μ g glucose) with the stalk, consume in the ensilage part oxygen in earlier stage and produce cellulase in ensiling; Promptly no longer active subsequently, the inner anaerobic state that gets into fast of ensilage.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The quick ensiling complex microorganism additive of a kind of maize straw; By aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae; L201), plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus, CGMCC.155), plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum, ACCC11016) and streptococcus lactis (Lactococcus lactis; ACCC11093) mix composition; Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae, L201), plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum, CGMCC.155), plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum; ACCC11016) and streptococcus lactis (Lactococcus lactis, percentage by weight ACCC11093) is respectively 10%, 60%, 20% and 10%.
The preparation method of said complex microorganism additive, step is following:
1) activation of aspergillus oryzae, two kind of plant lactic acid bacterias and streptococcus lactis
The plane activation medium of formulated rice aspergillus; This plane activation medium is to comprise potato (stripping and slicing, well-done use filtered through gauze among every 1000ml; Getting filtrating) 200g, glucose 20g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3g, magnesium sulfate 1.5g, agar 20g, surplus be distilled water, PH is 7.0; Aspergillus oryzae is inoculated in the activation medium of above-mentioned plane, and soak time is 36h;
Prepare the plane activation medium of two kind of plant lactic acid bacterias and streptococcus lactis; This plane activation medium is that every 1000ml comprises that beef extract 10g, peptone 10g, glucose 20g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2g, citric acid diamines 2g, sodium acetate 5g, magnesium sulfate 0.58g, manganese sulfate 0.25g, tween (80) 1ml, agar 20g, surplus are distilled water, PH6.0-6.5; Two kind of plant lactic acid bacterias and streptococcus lactis are inoculated in respectively in the activation medium of above-mentioned plane, and soak time is 24h;
2) the seed enlarged culture of aspergillus oryzae, two kind of plant lactic acid bacterias and streptococcus lactis
The composition of the seed enlarged culture base of aspergillus oryzae and corresponding plane activation medium and compound method are basic identical but do not add agar; Aspergillus oryzae after the activation is inserted in this seed enlarged culture base; Under 37 ℃, 160r/min shakes cultivation, incubation time is 36-54h;
The composition of the seed enlarged culture base of two kind of plant lactic acid bacterias and streptococcus lactis and corresponding plane activation medium and compound method are basic identical but do not add agar; Two kind of plant lactic acid bacterias after the activation and streptococcus lactis are inserted respectively in this seed enlarged culture base; Under 37 ℃, 160r/min shakes cultivation, incubation time is 18-24h;
3) above-mentioned four kinds of bacterium liquid that make are mixed by weight percentage, can make complex microorganism additive.
The method for using of this complex microorganism additive, step is following:
1) dark green maize straw is carried out pulverization process, powder particle diameter is 0.5-1.0cm, makes the maize straw powder;
2) will be added into by the organic carrier that corn flour and wheat bran mix in the stalk of pulverizing; The weight ratio of corn flour and wheat bran is 4:1 in the organic carrier; The percentage by weight of maize straw powder and organic carrier is maize straw powder 95%, organic carrier 5%; Mix and make the moisture content of mixed material to remain on 65-70%, as the ensiling raw material;
3) complex microorganism additive that makes evenly is sprayed in the above-mentioned ensiling raw material, the addition of complex microorganism additive is 2% of an ensiling raw material weight; Spray the inorganic additive that mixes by salt, urea and water simultaneously; The purity of urea is 75% in the inorganic additive; Salt and purity are that the gross weight of 75% urea and the weight ratio of water are 1:10; Inorganic additive sprinkling amount be the ensiling raw material weight 8%, compacted density is 550-650kg/m
3, fermentation temperature is 30 ℃, airtight compacting anaerobic fermentation can make ensilage in 24 days.
Detect and show: prepared ensilage moisture content is 67%, and PH is 3.5, and color is between dark green and glassy yellow, and quality is soft, rubs inadhesion with hand, has aroma and the fragrant smell that mixes of acid.Wherein lactic acid content is 20.94mg/g, acetate 0.25mg/g, butyric acid 0.02mg/g.
Embodiment 2:
The composition of this complex microorganism additive and preparation method and embodiment 1 are identical.
The method for using of this complex microorganism additive and embodiment 1 are basic identical, and difference is:
The addition of complex microorganism additive is 3% of an ensiling raw material weight; Fermentation temperature is 25 ℃, airtight compacting anaerobic fermentation 26 days.
Detect and show: prepared ensilage moisture content is 69%, and PH is 3.5, and color is between dark green and glassy yellow, and quality is soft, rubs inadhesion with hand, has aroma and the fragrant smell that mixes of acid.Wherein lactic acid content is 21.73mg/g, acetate 0.21mg/g, butyric acid 0.02mg/g.
Claims (9)
1. quick ensiling complex microorganism additive of maize straw; It is characterized in that: by aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae; L201), plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus; CGMCC.155), plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum, ACCC11016) and streptococcus lactis (Lactococcus lactis ACCC11093) mix to form.
2. according to the quick ensiling complex microorganism additive of the said maize straw of claim 1; It is characterized in that: said aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae; L201), plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum; CGMCC.155), plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum, ACCC11016) and streptococcus lactis (Lactococcus lactis, percentage by weight ACCC11093) is respectively 10%, 60%, 20% and 10%.
3. method for using of the quick ensiling complex microorganism additive of maize straw according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: with dark green maize straw is raw material;, spray complex microorganism additive then and carry out anaerobic fermentation as organic carrier with corn flour, wheat bran, concrete steps are following:
1) dark green maize straw is carried out pulverization process, make the maize straw powder;
2) will be added in the stalk of pulverizing by the organic carrier that corn flour and wheat bran mix, and mix and make the moisture content of mixed material to remain on 65-70%, as the ensiling raw material;
3) above-mentioned complex microorganism additive evenly is sprayed in the above-mentioned ensiling raw material, sprays the inorganic additive that is mixed by salt, urea and water simultaneously, compacted density is 550-650kg/m
3, fermentation temperature is 25-30 ℃, airtight compacting anaerobic fermentation got final product in 24-26 days.
4. according to the method for using of the quick ensiling complex microorganism additive of the said maize straw of claim 3, it is characterized in that: said dark green maize straw powder particle diameter is 0.5-1.0cm.
5. according to the method for using of the quick ensiling complex microorganism additive of the said maize straw of claim 3, it is characterized in that: the weight ratio of corn flour and wheat bran is 4:1 in the said organic carrier.
6. according to the method for using of the quick ensiling complex microorganism additive of the said maize straw of claim 3, it is characterized in that: the percentage by weight of maize straw powder and organic carrier is in the said ensiling raw material: maize straw powder 95%, organic carrier 5%.
7. according to the method for using of the quick ensiling complex microorganism additive of the said maize straw of claim 3, it is characterized in that: the addition of said complex microorganism additive is the 2-3% of ensiling raw material weight.
8. according to the method for using of the quick ensiling complex microorganism additive of the said maize straw of claim 3, it is characterized in that: the purity of urea is 75% in the said inorganic additive; Salt and purity are that the gross weight of 75% urea and the weight ratio of water are 1:10.
9. according to the method for using of the quick ensiling complex microorganism additive of the said maize straw of claim 3, it is characterized in that: said inorganic additive sprinkling amount is the 6-10% of the weight of ensiling raw material.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103315196A (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2013-09-25 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for bundling and ensiling rice straws |
| CN103392948A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-11-20 | 中国农业大学 | Microbial fermentation method for steam-exploded corn straw |
| CN103540536A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-01-29 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Protein-producing microbial agent as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104489316A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-08 | 民勤县祥和农牧科技有限责任公司 | Feed for fast fattening of small-tailed han sheep and processing method thereof |
| CN107927353A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-04-20 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | It is a kind of suitable for lactic acid bacteria agent of green watermifoil ensiling and its preparation method and application |
| CN108813152A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-16 | 内蒙古农业大学 | A kind of caragana microphylla base solid state fermentation feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN112335779A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-02-09 | 宜宾学院 | Mixed silage of alpinia japonica and sweet sorghum and preparation method thereof |
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2012
- 2012-05-07 CN CN2012101379707A patent/CN102630860A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103392948A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-11-20 | 中国农业大学 | Microbial fermentation method for steam-exploded corn straw |
| CN103392948B (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2014-10-15 | 中国农业大学 | Microbial fermentation method for steam-exploded corn straw |
| CN103315196A (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2013-09-25 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for bundling and ensiling rice straws |
| CN103315196B (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2014-12-10 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for bundling and ensiling rice straws |
| CN103540536A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-01-29 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Protein-producing microbial agent as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103540536B (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2016-06-08 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | One is laid eggs white microbiobacterial agent and its preparation method and application |
| CN104489316A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-08 | 民勤县祥和农牧科技有限责任公司 | Feed for fast fattening of small-tailed han sheep and processing method thereof |
| CN107927353A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-04-20 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | It is a kind of suitable for lactic acid bacteria agent of green watermifoil ensiling and its preparation method and application |
| CN107927353B (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2021-03-23 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Lactobacillus inoculant suitable for ensiling of myriophyllum viridis as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN108813152A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-16 | 内蒙古农业大学 | A kind of caragana microphylla base solid state fermentation feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN112335779A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-02-09 | 宜宾学院 | Mixed silage of alpinia japonica and sweet sorghum and preparation method thereof |
| CN113333361A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-03 | 四川智献新能源科技有限公司 | A dwarf lilyturf seedling belt cleaning device for dwarf lilyturf seedling fermentation fodder |
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Application publication date: 20120815 |