CN101361520B - Potato pulp energy fermentation feed capable of replacing bran and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Potato pulp energy fermentation feed capable of replacing bran and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可替代麸皮的马铃薯渣能量发酵饲料及其该饲料的制备方法，本发明的饲料是以马铃薯渣为主要原料，添加麸皮、尿素、硫酸铵、磷酸二氢钠和硫酸镁等辅料，经酶解及多菌种固态发酵制备而成；制备方法包括：原料的前期处理、果胶酶和纤维素酶酶解、生产菌种的扩培、液体种子的制备、制备种曲、制备曲子、发酵和烘干；优点是采用该工艺发酵生产的马铃薯渣饲料粗蛋白含量＞18％，粗纤维＜10％，灰分＜5％，可达到《GB 10368-89饲料用小麦麸》一级小麦麸皮标准，不含龙葵素及可产生毒效应的其它微量元素，富含多种益生菌并具有良好风味，可替代麸皮作为禽畜饲养的能量饲料使用。The invention discloses a potato dregs energy fermented feed that can replace bran and a preparation method of the feed. The feed of the invention uses potato dregs as the main raw material, and adds bran, urea, ammonium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and Magnesium sulfate and other auxiliary materials are prepared by enzymolysis and multi-strain solid-state fermentation; the preparation method includes: pre-treatment of raw materials, pectinase and cellulase enzymolysis, expansion of production strains, preparation of liquid seeds, preparation of Planting koji, preparing koji, fermenting and drying; the advantage is that the crude protein content of the potato dregs feed produced by this process is >18%, crude fiber <10%, ash content <5%, which can reach the requirements of "GB 10368-89 Feed Wheat Bran "first-class wheat bran standard, does not contain solanin and other trace elements that may cause toxic effects, is rich in a variety of probiotics and has a good flavor, and can replace bran as energy feed for poultry and livestock.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of potato pulp energy fermentation feed of alternative wheat bran, the invention still further relates to a kind of preparation method of this fermented feed.
Background technology
Along with the development of feed industry and livestock breeding industry, the consumption of energy feed is increasing.Current, corn and wheat are as main energy feed, and the market demand is very large.Because international raw materials market presents the trend that rises steadily in recent years, causes domestic agricultural product price high gradually.In the animal products field, it is particularly outstanding that this phenomenon shows.Corn on the market and wheat bran begin to sell well, and cause the livestock product price constantly to raise up.
Potato residues is the accessory substance in the farina production process, wherein contains a large amount of celluloses, pectin etc. and can utilize composition, contains simultaneously partial starch and a small amount of protein, can be used as fermentation medium, has certain value of exploiting and utilizing.As the livestock and poultry energy feed, the wheat bran in the conventional feed can be replaced with the fermenting potato slag, the feeding cost of livestock and poultry can be effectively reduced.Both can realize the comprehensive utilization environmental contamination reduction that starch factory is produced, and can reduce again the use of the raw materials such as grain in the feed, thereby reduce the animal products production cost, be the effective way that solves " people and animals strive grain " problem.
At present, the technical research that relevant potato residues solid state fermentation prepares protein feed has obtained some impressive progresses, all discloses the concrete grammar that utilizes the potato residues solid state fermentation to prepare protein feed such as Chinese patent application 03134357.0 and 200510012227.9.Only added a small amount of urea and adopted kind of a bent preparation method such as patent application 03134357.0, although the crude protein content of its dry reaches 23.33%, crude fiber content is still very high, and its value is 18.67%; Patent application 200510012227.9 with the potato residues press dewatering after, with the form of the raw material auxiliary materials and mixing with certain proportion, inoculate a certain amount of bacterial classification and directly carry out solid state fermentation and prepare protein feed, but the crude protein content that uses this kind method fermenting potato slag to obtain only is 16.15%.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to reduce fermentation costs suitably improving under the prerequisite of fermenting potato slag nutritive value as far as possible, the potato residues fermentation is become the energy feed of alternative wheat bran.Another goal of the invention of the present invention also is to provide a kind of preparation method of this fermented feed.
Feed of the present invention is take the component of following weight proportion as raw material: potato residues 83%, wheat bran 12%, urea 3.5%, ammonium sulfate 1%, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4% and magnesium sulfate 0.1%, through pectase and cellulase degradation, be prepared from so that how strains solid fermented brewer's yeast, candida tropicalis, geotrichum candidum and lactobacillus acidophilus be; Above-mentioned potato residues calculates with water content 75%-80% raw material weight; Every kind of raw material proportion can be adjusted between ± 5% as the case may be in the actual production.
The preparation method of potato pulp energy fermentation feed of the present invention is as follows:
1, processes the early stage of raw material
Potato residues is carried out extrusion dehydration, make its moisture be down to 75%-80%.Potato residues adds a certain amount of fermentation auxiliary material after dehydration, concrete proportion scale is: potato residues 83%, wheat bran 12%, urea 3.5%, ammonium sulfate 1%, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4%, magnesium sulfate 0.1%, above-mentioned every kind of raw material proportion can be adjusted between ± 5% according to practical condition.
2, enzymolysis
The pectase of adding 0.01% and 0.1% cellulase in above-mentioned raw materials, enzyme activity is 10000U/g, enzymolysis time is 48h.
3, produce spreading cultivation of bacterial classification
The production bacterial classification that the present invention uses is brewer's yeast, candida tropicalis, geotrichum candidum and lactobacillus acidophilus.Brewer's yeast, candida tropicalis, geotrichum candidum are accessed respectively in PDA or the malt extract medium, and fermentation temperature is 28-30 ℃, cultivates activation in 1-3 days; Lactobacillus acidophilus is inoculated in the bacterial broth culture medium, cultivates activation in 1-2 days under 34-37 ℃ of condition.
4, produce the preparation of the liquid seeds of bacterial classification
(1) bacterial classification that above-mentioned activation is good is in brewer's yeast: candida tropicalis: the ratio of geotrichum candidum=2.0: 3.5: 4.5, and combined inoculation is in liquid seed culture medium, and shaking flask is cultivated 180r/min, and 28 ℃ of temperature are cultivated 24h.Also brewer's yeast, candida tropicalis, geotrichum candidum can be inoculated into respectively in the aforesaid liquid seed culture medium, mix with 2.0: 3.5: 4.5 ratio again during fermentation, directly as the liquid seeds of potato residues fermentation.This culture medium can be by glucose 5%, tryptone 1%, yeast extract 1%, MgSO
40.05% forms, and pH is 6.0.
(2) the lactobacillus acidophilus method that adopts solid, liquid to spread cultivation is carried out the preparation of spreading cultivation of bacterial classification and seed.Adopt broth bouillon or brewer's wort calcium carbonate culture-medium, carry out that bacterial classification spreads cultivation and the preparation of liquid seeds, temperature 34-37 ℃, cultivate 24h.
5, preparation kind of song
Wheat bran and water are pressed 1: 1 mixing, at pressure 1kg/cm
2Lower sterilization is after 30 minutes, and inoculation when being cooled to 40 ℃-50 ℃ accesses bacterial classification for producing the bacteria suspension of bacterium geotrichum candidum, candida tropicalis and brewer's yeast, bacteria suspension concentration 1 * 10
6Individual/ml, inoculum concentration 2% is cultivated 72h 28 ℃ of conditions.
6, preparation song
The preparation of song is with potato residues: wheat bran adds water to 65% after mixing in 6: 4 ratio, at pressure 1kg/cm
2Lower sterilization 30min, inoculation when being cooled to 40-50 ℃ after the taking-up, 0.5% kind of song of inoculum concentration, single bacterium or the inoculation of mixed bacterium, brewer's yeast: candida tropicalis: the geotrichum candidum inoculative proportion is 2.0: 3.5: 4.5, the koji tray of packing into, about thickness of feed layer 3cm, koji tray stacks mutually behind the loam cake antiseptic gauze, and temperature is at 28 ℃ and pH value nature, incubation time is 60-72h, treats that bent material covers with lawn and can finish to cultivate.
7, fermentation
After finishing the preparation of kind of song and liquid seeds, with kind of song and lactobacillus acidophilus liquid seeds respectively by 5% be inoculated into through process early stage and enzymolysis after material on carry out raw material fermentation; Perhaps with liquid seeds brewer's yeast, candida tropicalis, geotrichum candidum and lactobacillus acidophilus 2.0: 3.5: 4.5 in proportion: 1.0 combined inoculations to through process early stage and enzymolysis after material on carry out raw material fermentation, inoculum concentration is 10%.The kind song of inoculation or liquid seeds need to stir with supplementary material, and fermentation mode is solid-state facultative, and temperature is 28-30 ℃, and fermentation time is 60-72h.
8, oven dry
Behind the solid state fermentation, through 50-60 ℃ of drying, prepare the energy fermented feed.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, the potato dreg fodder crude protein content of this technique fermenting and producing＞18%, crude fibre＜10%, ash content＜5%, can reach " GB 10368-89 feed wheat bran " one-level wheat bran standard, do not contain solanine and can produce other trace element of toxic effect, be rich in multiple probio and have excellent flavor, complete alternative wheat bran uses as the energy feed of livestock rearing.
2, carry out the symbiosis solid state fermentation by access symbiosis respond well brewer's yeast, candida tropicalis, geotrichum candidum, lactobacillus acidophilus, increased the content of digestibility protein, have good palatability, nutritive value is higher and keeping quality is strong characteristics.
3, lignin and the pectin in the employing enzymic degradation potato residues becomes available material with the Substance Transformation that wherein is difficult for utilizing, and improves its effective energy value and utilization ratio, reaches the quality requirements of energy feed.
4, the present invention both can solve the problem of environmental pollution of potato in producing, and can solve again the problem of the cost up that present aquaculture causes because feed price goes up.
The specific embodiment
The raw material proportioning of [embodiment 1] feed of the present invention
Potato residues 83% wheat bran 12% urea 3.5%
Ammonium sulfate 1% sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4% magnesium sulfate 0.1%
[embodiment 2]
Potato residues 80% wheat bran 15% urea 3.5%
Ammonium sulfate 1% sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4% magnesium sulfate 0.1%
[embodiment 3]
Potato residues 85% wheat bran 10% urea 3.5%
Ammonium sulfate 1% sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4% magnesium sulfate 0.1%
The preparation of [embodiment 4] liquid seeds and song
1, produces spreading cultivation of bacterial classification
The production bacterial classification that the present invention uses is brewer's yeast, candida tropicalis, geotrichum candidum and lactobacillus acidophilus.Brewer's yeast, candida tropicalis, geotrichum candidum are accessed respectively in PDA or the malt extract medium, and fermentation temperature is 28-30 ℃, cultivates activation in 1-3 days; Lactobacillus acidophilus is inoculated in the bacterial broth culture medium, cultivates activation in 1-2 days under 34-37 ℃ of condition.
2, produce the liquid seeds preparation of bacterial classification
(1) bacterial classification that above-mentioned activation is good is in brewer's yeast: candida tropicalis: the ratio of geotrichum candidum=2.0: 3.5: 4.5, and combined inoculation is in liquid seed culture medium, and shaking flask is cultivated 180r/min, and 28 ℃ of temperature are cultivated 24h.Also brewer's yeast, candida tropicalis, geotrichum candidum can be inoculated into respectively in the aforesaid liquid seed culture medium, mix with 2.0: 3.5: 4.5 ratio again during fermentation, directly as the liquid seeds of potato residues fermentation.This culture medium can be by glucose 5%, tryptone 1%, yeast extract 1%, MgSO
40.05% forms, and pH is 6.0.
(2) the lactobacillus acidophilus method that adopts solid, liquid to spread cultivation is carried out the preparation of spreading cultivation of bacterial classification and seed.Adopt broth bouillon or brewer's wort calcium carbonate culture-medium, carry out spreading cultivation and the preparation of liquid seeds of bacterial classification, 37 ℃ of temperature are cultivated 24h.
3, preparation kind of song
Wheat bran and water are pressed 1: 1 mixing, at pressure 1kg/cm
2Lower sterilization is after 30 minutes, and inoculation when being cooled to 40-50 ℃ accesses bacterial classification for producing the bacteria suspension of bacterium geotrichum candidum, candida tropicalis and brewer's yeast, bacteria suspension concentration 1 * 10
6Individual/ml, inoculum concentration 2% is cultivated 72h 28 ℃ of conditions.
4, preparation song
The preparation of song is with potato residues: wheat bran adds water to 65% after mixing in 6: 4 ratio, at pressure 1kg/cm
2Lower sterilization 30min, inoculation when being cooled to 40-50 ℃ after the taking-up, 0.5% kind of song of inoculum concentration, single bacterium or the inoculation of mixed bacterium, brewer's yeast: candida tropicalis: the geotrichum candidum inoculative proportion is 2.0: 3.5: 4.5, the koji tray of packing into, about thickness of feed layer 3cm, koji tray stacks mutually behind the loam cake antiseptic gauze, and temperature is at 28 ℃ and pH value nature, incubation time is 60-72h, treats that bent material covers with lawn and can finish to cultivate.
The preparation method 1 of [embodiment 5] potato pulp energy fermentation feed
Moisture content is higher than 90% fresh potato slag carries out extrusion dehydration, make its moisture grand to 75%-80%.Ratio with potato residues 83%, wheat bran 12%, urea 3.5%, ammonium sulfate 1%, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4%, magnesium sulfate 0.1% is prepared burden, behind the pectase of adding 0.01% and 0.1% the enzymolysis 48h such as cellulase, with the liquid seeds of brewer's yeast, candida tropicalis, geotrichum candidum and lactobacillus acidophilus 2: 3.5: 4.5 in proportion: 1 access, inoculum concentration is 10%, stir with supplementary material, under 28-30 ℃ of condition, solid-state facultative fermentation 60-72h.After the fermentation, 50-60 ℃ of lower drying, prepare energy feed.
The preparation method 2 of [embodiment 6] potato pulp energy fermentation feed
Moisture content is higher than 90% fresh potato slag carries out extrusion dehydration, make its moisture grand to 75%-80%.Ratio with potato residues 83%, wheat bran 12%, urea 3.5%, ammonium sulfate 1%, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4%, magnesium sulfate 0.1% is prepared burden, the pectase of adding 0.01% and 0.1% the enzymolysis 48h such as cellulase.To plant song and lactobacillus acidophilus liquid seeds respectively by 5% inoculation, under 28-30 ℃ of condition, solid-state facultative fermentation 60-72h.After the fermentation, 50-60 ℃ of lower drying, prepare energy feed.
[embodiment 7] fermenting potato slag compares with the nutritional labeling of wheat bran
The main nutrient composition of potato dreg fodder and wheat bran relatively before and after table 1 fermentation
*More than be 100 gram measuring substance ingredients, "-" expression does not detect content.
Compare (seeing Table 1) by the Analysis of Nutritive Composition to the solid state fermentation potato residues, its protein content＞18%, crude fibre＜10%, ash content＜5%, reached country-level wheat bran standard (GB 10368-89 feed wheat bran standard), good palatability, the wheat bran that can substitute in traditional poultry and livestock feed uses.
Claims (3)
1. the potato pulp energy fermentation feed of an alternative wheat bran, it is characterized in that: raw material components and the weight proportion of this feed are: potato residues 83%, wheat bran 12%, urea 3.5%, ammonium sulfate 1%, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4% and magnesium sulfate 0.1%, above-mentioned potato residues calculates with water content 75%-80% raw material weight, and every kind of raw material proportion is adjusted between ± 5% as the case may be in the actual production;
The concrete preparation method of this feed is: the method comprises that processing in early stage, pectase and the cellulase degradation of raw material, production bacterial classification spread cultivation, the preparation of liquid seeds, fermentation, oven dry;
Raw material is processed in earlier stage: with the potato residues extrusion dehydration to water content 75%-80%; Add according to the above ratio the fermentation auxiliary material; The consumption of pectase is 0.01% in the enzymolysis process, and the consumption of cellulase is 0.1%, and enzymolysis time is 48h;
Produce spreading cultivation of bacterial classification: brewer's yeast, candida tropicalis, geotrichum candidum are accessed respectively in PDA or the malt extract medium, and fermentation temperature is 28-30 ℃, cultivates activation in 1-3 days; Lactobacillus acidophilus is inoculated in the bacterial broth culture medium, cultivates activation in 1-2 days under 34-37 ℃ of condition;
The liquid seeds preparation:
(1) bacterial classification that above-mentioned activation is good is in brewer's yeast: the ratio of candida tropicalis: geotrichum candidum=2.0:3.5:4.5, be inoculated in the liquid seed culture medium, shaking flask is cultivated 180r/min, 28 ℃ of temperature, cultivate 24h, the dry in this culture medium is by glucose 5%, tryptone 1%, yeast extract 1%, MgSO
40.05% forms, and pH is 6.0;
(2) lactobacillus acidophilus is adopted broth bouillon or brewer's wort calcium carbonate culture-medium, carries out spreading cultivation and the preparation of liquid seeds of bacterial classification, temperature 34-37 ℃, cultivates 24h and cultivates and finish;
Zymotechnique: with the liquid seeds of brewer's yeast, candida tropicalis, geotrichum candidum and lactobacillus acidophilus in proportion 2.0:3.5:4.5:1.0 be inoculated into through process early stage and enzymolysis after material on carry out raw material fermentation, inoculum concentration is 10%, the liquid seeds of inoculation needs to stir with supplementary material, fermentation mode is solid-state facultative, temperature is 28 ℃-30 ℃, and fermentation time is 60h-72h.
2. potato pulp energy fermentation feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the preparation section of this fermented feed also comprises preparation kind of a bent and preparation song;
Preparation kind of a bent operation is by the 1:1 mixing, at pressure 1 kg/cm with wheat bran and water
2Lower sterilization is after 30 minutes, and inoculation when being cooled to 40 ℃-50 ℃ accesses bacterial classification for producing the bacteria suspension of bacterium geotrichum candidum, candida tropicalis and brewer's yeast, bacteria suspension concentration 1 * 10
6Individual/ml, inoculum concentration 2% is cultivated 72h 28 ℃ of conditions;
The preparation section of song is with potato residues: wheat bran adds water to 65% after mixing in the ratio of 6:4, at pressure 1kg/cm
2Lower sterilization 30 min, inoculation when being cooled to 40-50 ℃ after the taking-up, 0.5% kind of song of inoculum concentration, single bacterium or the inoculation of mixed bacterium, brewer's yeast: candida tropicalis: the geotrichum candidum inoculative proportion is 2.0:3.5:4.5, the koji tray of packing into, thickness of feed layer 3cm, koji tray stacks mutually behind the loam cake antiseptic gauze, and temperature is at 28 ℃ and pH value nature, incubation time is 60-72h, treats that bent material covers with lawn and can finish to cultivate;
In the zymotechnique after finishing the preparation of song and liquid seeds, with inoculum concentration account for respectively 5% song and lactobacillus acidophilus liquid seeds replace liquid seeds be inoculated into through process early stage and enzymolysis after material on carry out raw material fermentation.
3. potato pulp energy fermentation feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the liquid seeds preparation technology of brewer's yeast that will be wherein, candida tropicalis, geotrichum candidum replaces with: the brewer's yeast that above-mentioned activation is good, candida tropicalis, geotrichum candidum are inoculated into respectively in the aforesaid liquid seed culture medium, mix with the ratio of 2.0:3.5:4.5 again during fermentation, directly as the liquid seeds of potato residues fermentation.
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| CN103271224A (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2013-09-04 | 吉首大学 | Method for producing single-cell protein feed by means of fermentation of sweet potato residues |
| CN103404694B (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2015-02-04 | 桐乡市乌镇明欣饲料厂 | Preparation method of glycolysis breast feed of Chinese herbal medicine for livestock and poultry |
| CN104171678B (en) * | 2014-08-03 | 2016-07-06 | 山东华垦生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of manufacture method of potato dreg fodder additive |
| CN105961836A (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2016-09-28 | 湖南细心信息科技有限公司 | Broiler feed |
| CN107183312B (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2020-02-11 | 江南大学 | Method for promoting drying and dehydration of potato pulp and application thereof |
| CN108157619A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-15 | 宁夏农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所(有限公司) | A kind of packed compound potato slag fermented type fully-mixed daily feed of functionality |
| CN110122659A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-16 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of process of fermenting potato slag |
| CN114304377A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-12 | 乌兰察布职业学院 | Preparation method of potato residue feed |
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| CN1480057A (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2004-03-10 | 兰州理工大学 | Method for converting potato pomace into high protein feed |
| CN1899079A (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2007-01-24 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院 | Method for preparing protein feed by solid fermenting potato slag |
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| CN1480057A (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2004-03-10 | 兰州理工大学 | Method for converting potato pomace into high protein feed |
| CN1899079A (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2007-01-24 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院 | Method for preparing protein feed by solid fermenting potato slag |
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| 徐兴军等.5种菌糖化发酵饲料对肉兔日粮中蛋白质利用率的影响.《高师理科学刊》.2006,第26卷(第4期),54-57. * |
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