CN114304377A - Preparation method of potato residue feed - Google Patents
Preparation method of potato residue feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN114304377A CN114304377A CN202111615855.1A CN202111615855A CN114304377A CN 114304377 A CN114304377 A CN 114304377A CN 202111615855 A CN202111615855 A CN 202111615855A CN 114304377 A CN114304377 A CN 114304377A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of feed preparation, in particular to a preparation method of potato residue feed, and provides the following scheme aiming at the problem that the preparation cost is high because the raw materials are still mixed by adopting a plurality of nutritional additives in the preparation process of the current feed preparation technology, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: s1: raw material preparation, S2: strain activation, S3: solid state fermentation, S4: preparing a feed, S5: measurement and detection, S6: the invention aims to increase the utilization rate of waste and reduce cost and environmental pollution by preparing the by-product potato residue in the preparation raw materials, and simultaneously adopts an automatic grading method and selectively transports according to graded packaged feed, thereby reducing feed loss caused by the transportation process and reducing loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a potato residue feed.
Background
At present, China is the first country of potato production in the world, the strategy of potato staple food processing has been started in 2015, potatoes are promoted to be processed into starch raw materials and staple foods such as steamed bread, noodles and rice flour, and meanwhile, potato residues which are byproducts of the potatoes are generated. The nutritional ingredients of the potato residue mainly comprise: starch, hemicellulose, cellulose, pectin, free amino acids, ash, polypeptides, oligopeptides and the like have high moisture content and are not easy to store and transport, so the starch, the hemicellulose, the cellulose, the pectin, the free amino acids, the ash, the polypeptides, the oligopeptides and the like are not well utilized, and are usually directly discharged or buried, which not only wastes resources, but also causes environmental pollution. But the obtained product is rich in available resources such as crude fiber, pectin, starch, etc., and has high value of reutilization, especially in preparation of animal feed after fermentation. The situation that increase is slowed down appears wholly in present poultry, breed trade, but in the long term under the drive of global population expansion and the continuous development of global economy, people's living standard's improvement, dietary structure also changes, and to the proportion of improving gradually of the ingestion of meat product, global meat products demand still has great development space to drive the corresponding increase of fodder trade, consequently how to adopt the recovery to prepare the fodder has become a present big trade new development.
However, the existing feed preparation technology still adopts a mode of mixing various nutritional additives for raw materials in the preparation process, so that the preparation cost is high, and therefore, a potato residue feed preparation method is provided for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the preparation cost is high and the like caused by the fact that various nutritional additives are still mixed in the raw materials in the preparation process of the existing feed preparation technology, and provides a preparation method of potato residue feed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the potato residue feed comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials: selecting raw materials required for preparing the potato residue feed, and preparing a culture medium;
s2: activating strains: putting the selected strains into the prepared culture medium for culturing to obtain a culture with vigorous activity and enough inoculation quantity;
s3: solid state fermentation: carrying out amplification culture on strains in the residual culture medium after detection is stopped, and adding a potato residue substrate for solid state fermentation;
s4: preparing a feed: taking out the fermented product, drying, and crushing after drying to obtain potato residue feed;
s5: measurement and detection: determining the content of crude protein and crude fiber of the feed prepared after the crushing is finished by professional technicians, and detecting other data;
s6: and (3) subsequent treatment: automatically grading the prepared potato residue feed, and transporting according to grading;
preferably, in S1, a professional selects potato pulp, wheat bran, corn gluten meal and lactobacillus plantarum as raw materials, and prepares an MRS medium as a carrier of lactobacillus plantarum, wherein the preparation of the MRS medium is prepared by mixing casein peptone 10g, beef extract 5g, yeast extract 5g, glucose 5g, tween 801ml, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2g, sodium acetate 5g, diamine citrate 2g, magnesium sulfate 0.2g, manganese sulfate 0.05g, agar 15.0g, and distilled water 1L, and performing autoclaving for 20min, and the selected raw material ratio is potato pulp solid fermentation substrate: fresh potato residues: wheat bran: corn protein powder is 8: 1: 1, before use, the wheat bran and the corn protein powder are crushed by a hammer mill;
preferably, in S2, the ampoule bottle is opened, a pipette gun is used to suck 0.3 to 0.5ml of liquid culture medium and add the liquid culture medium into the ampoule bottle, the ampoule bottle is vibrated until the object in the ampoule bottle is suspended, the vibration is stopped, after the treatment, all the bacteria liquid is transferred into the prepared culture medium, when the bacteria liquid is transferred, the bacteria liquid is simultaneously transferred into 10 culture mediums by using an averaging method, after the transfer, 9 culture mediums are randomly selected by a professional technician for intermittent detection, and when the detection is performed, a random system is adopted until the concentration of the prepared zymogen liquid is 7 × 108 to 8 × 108CFU/ml, the detection is stopped;
preferably, in S3, performing amplification culture on the strains in the remaining culture medium after the detection is stopped, wherein the culture temperature is 28-37 ℃ and the culture time is 5-14 days when the amplification culture is performed, and after the amplification culture is completed, inoculating the potato residue substrate to the culture medium to perform solid state fermentation, wherein the solid state fermentation condition is that the amount of the strains is 4%, the fermentation temperature is 33 ℃, the fermentation time is 60 hours, and after the fermentation is completed, storing the potato residue substrate in an environment of-20 ℃;
preferably, in S4, the fermented product is taken out and dried, wherein hot air at 60-80 ℃ is used for drying for 3-4h, and after the drying is completed, a high-speed universal pulverizer is used for pulverizing to obtain the feed, wherein the pulverization is monitored manually in real time, the prepared feed is observed and touched to determine whether secondary pulverization is needed, and the secondary pulverization is manually determined and processed again until the prepared feed meets the requirements;
preferably, in S5, the feed prepared after the pulverization is subjected to the measurement of crude protein and crude fiber content by a professional technician, wherein the measurement is performed by a random sampling method, and the sample volume is: the total volume of the prepared feed is 1: 500, recording the crude protein and crude fiber content data of the prepared feed after the determination is completed, comparing the recorded data with the existing data, calculating the improvement rate of the crude protein and crude fiber content of the prepared feed, and detecting the feed prepared after the pulverization is completed by a professional technician, wherein a random sampling method is adopted during the detection, and the sample volume is as follows: the total volume of the prepared feed is 1: 5000, detecting contents comprise internal and external friction coefficients among granular particles of the granular particles, hygroscopicity, the volume mass of the granular particles, the particle size of the granular particles, the surface smoothness of the granular particles and the moisture content of the granular particles, recording detection data after detection is finished, and comparing the recorded data with the existing data;
preferably, in S6, the prepared fodder is automatically classified in a vibration machine, and all the fodder is packed by classification after automatic classification, wherein large and light granules (easily floating on the upper part of the granule pile or floating to the edge) are transported for a distance greater than 10km, and small and heavy granules (piled on the lower part) are transported for a distance less than 10 km.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the preparation method adopts the byproduct potato residue in the raw materials, so that the utilization rate of waste is increased, and the cost and the environmental pollution are reduced.
2. And an automatic grading method is adopted, and selective transportation is carried out according to graded packaged feed, so that feed loss caused by the transportation process is reduced, and loss is reduced.
The invention aims to increase the utilization rate of waste and reduce cost and environmental pollution by adopting the byproduct potato residue in the preparation raw materials, and meanwhile, the invention adopts an automatic grading method and selectively transports according to graded packaged feed, thereby reducing feed loss caused by the transportation process and reducing loss.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of the potato residue feed provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, the preparation method of the potato residue feed comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials: selecting potato residues, wheat bran, corn protein powder and lactobacillus plantarum as raw materials by professionals, and preparing an MRS culture medium as a carrier of the lactobacillus plantarum, wherein the MRS culture medium is prepared by mixing 10g of casein peptone, 5g of beef extract, 5g of yeast extract, 5g of glucose, 801ml of tween, 2g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5g of sodium acetate, 2g of diamine citrate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate, 0.05g of manganese sulfate, 15.0g of agar and 1L of distilled water, and carrying out high-pressure sterilization for 20min, wherein the selected raw material ratio is a solid fermentation substrate of the potato residues: fresh potato residues: wheat bran: corn protein powder is 8: 1: 1, before use, the wheat bran and the corn protein powder are crushed by a hammer mill;
s2: activating strains: opening an ampoule bottle, sucking 0.4ml of liquid culture medium by using a pipette gun, adding the liquid culture medium into the ampoule bottle, vibrating until an object in the ampoule bottle is suspended, stopping vibrating, transferring all bacterial liquid into the prepared culture medium after treatment, simultaneously moving the bacterial liquid into 10 culture media by adopting an averaging method when the bacterial liquid is moved, randomly selecting 9 culture media by a professional technician after moving for intermittent detection, and stopping detection by adopting a random system when the detection is carried out until the concentration of the prepared zymogen liquid is 8 multiplied by 108 CFU/ml;
s3: solid state fermentation: carrying out amplification culture on strains in the residual culture medium after detection is stopped, wherein the culture temperature is 28 ℃ and the culture time is 8 days when the amplification culture is carried out, and after the amplification culture is finished, inoculating a potato residue substrate to carry out solid state fermentation, wherein the solid state fermentation condition is that the amount of the strains is 4%, the fermentation temperature is 33 ℃, the fermentation time is 60 hours, and after the fermentation is finished, storing the strains in a-20 ℃ environment;
s4: preparing a feed: taking out the fermented product for drying treatment, wherein the drying treatment is carried out by adopting hot air at 65 ℃, the drying time is 3h, after the drying treatment is finished, a high-speed universal grinder is adopted for grinding treatment to prepare the feed, wherein the grinding treatment is carried out by manual real-time monitoring, the prepared feed is judged whether to be subjected to secondary grinding or not by adopting observation and touch, and the secondary grinding is finished and judged again by manual until the prepared feed meets the requirements;
s5: measurement and detection: and (3) determining the content of crude protein and crude fiber of the feed prepared after the crushing is finished by a professional technician, wherein a random sampling method is adopted during determination, and the sample volume is as follows: the total volume of the prepared feed is 1: 500, recording the crude protein and crude fiber content data of the prepared feed after the determination is completed, comparing the recorded data with the existing data, calculating the improvement rate of the crude protein and crude fiber content of the prepared feed, and detecting the feed prepared after the pulverization is completed by a professional technician, wherein a random sampling method is adopted during the detection, and the sample volume is as follows: the total volume of the prepared feed is 1: 5000, detecting contents comprise internal and external friction coefficients among granular particles of the granular particles, hygroscopicity, the volume mass of the granular particles, the particle size of the granular particles, the surface smoothness of the granular particles and the moisture content of the granular particles, recording detection data after detection is finished, and comparing the recorded data with the existing data;
s6: and (3) subsequent treatment: the prepared feed is placed in a vibrating machine for automatic grading, after which all the feed is packed by grading, where large and light pellets (apt to float on the upper part of the pellet pile or to the edge) are transported over a distance of more than 10km, and small and heavy pellets (piled on the lower part) are transported over a distance of less than 10 km.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1, the preparation method of the potato residue feed comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials: selecting potato residues, wheat bran, corn protein powder and lactobacillus plantarum as raw materials by professionals, and preparing an MRS culture medium as a carrier of the lactobacillus plantarum, wherein the MRS culture medium is prepared by mixing 10g of casein peptone, 5g of beef extract, 5g of yeast extract, 5g of glucose, 801ml of tween, 2g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5g of sodium acetate, 2g of diamine citrate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate, 0.05g of manganese sulfate, 15.0g of agar and 1L of distilled water, and carrying out high-pressure sterilization for 20min, wherein the selected raw material ratio is a solid fermentation substrate of the potato residues: fresh potato residues: wheat bran: corn protein powder is 8: 1: 1, before use, the wheat bran and the corn protein powder are crushed by a hammer mill;
s2: activating strains: opening an ampoule bottle, sucking 0.5ml of liquid culture medium by using a pipette gun, adding the liquid culture medium into the ampoule bottle, vibrating until an object in the ampoule bottle is suspended, stopping vibrating, transferring all bacterial liquid into the prepared culture medium after treatment, simultaneously moving the bacterial liquid into 10 culture media by adopting an averaging method when the bacterial liquid is moved, randomly selecting 9 culture media by a professional technician after moving for intermittent detection, and stopping detection by adopting a random system when the detection is carried out until the concentration of the prepared zymogen liquid is 8 multiplied by 108 CFU/ml;
s3: solid state fermentation: carrying out amplification culture on strains in the residual culture medium after detection is stopped, wherein the culture temperature is 37 ℃ and the culture time is 14 days when the amplification culture is carried out, and after the amplification culture is finished, inoculating a potato residue substrate to carry out solid state fermentation, wherein the solid state fermentation condition is that the amount of the strains is 4%, the fermentation temperature is 33 ℃, the fermentation time is 60 hours, and after the fermentation is finished, storing the strains in an environment at-20 ℃;
s4: preparing a feed: taking out the fermented product for drying treatment, wherein the drying treatment is carried out by adopting hot air at 80 ℃, the drying time is 4h, after the drying treatment is finished, a high-speed universal grinder is adopted for grinding treatment to prepare the feed, wherein the grinding treatment is carried out by manual real-time monitoring, the prepared feed is judged whether to be subjected to secondary grinding or not by adopting observation and touch, and the secondary grinding is finished and judged again by manual work until the prepared feed meets the requirements;
s5: measurement and detection: and (3) determining the content of crude protein and crude fiber of the feed prepared after the crushing is finished by a professional technician, wherein a random sampling method is adopted during determination, and the sample volume is as follows: the total volume of the prepared feed is 1: 500, recording the crude protein and crude fiber content data of the prepared feed after the determination is completed, comparing the recorded data with the existing data, calculating the improvement rate of the crude protein and crude fiber content of the prepared feed, and detecting the feed prepared after the pulverization is completed by a professional technician, wherein a random sampling method is adopted during the detection, and the sample volume is as follows: the total volume of the prepared feed is 1: 5000, detecting contents comprise internal and external friction coefficients among granular particles of the granular particles, hygroscopicity, the volume mass of the granular particles, the particle size of the granular particles, the surface smoothness of the granular particles and the moisture content of the granular particles, recording detection data after detection is finished, and comparing the recorded data with the existing data;
s6: and (3) subsequent treatment: the prepared feed is placed in a vibrating machine for automatic grading, after which all the feed is packed by grading, where large and light pellets (apt to float on the upper part of the pellet pile or to the edge) are transported over a distance of more than 10km, and small and heavy pellets (piled on the lower part) are transported over a distance of less than 10 km.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 1, the preparation method of the potato residue feed comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials: selecting potato residues, wheat bran, corn protein powder and lactobacillus plantarum as raw materials by professionals, and preparing an MRS culture medium as a carrier of the lactobacillus plantarum, wherein the MRS culture medium is prepared by mixing 10g of casein peptone, 5g of beef extract, 5g of yeast extract, 5g of glucose, 801ml of tween, 2g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5g of sodium acetate, 2g of diamine citrate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate, 0.05g of manganese sulfate, 15.0g of agar and 1L of distilled water, and carrying out high-pressure sterilization for 20min, wherein the selected raw material ratio is a solid fermentation substrate of the potato residues: fresh potato residues: wheat bran: corn protein powder is 8: 1: 1, before use, the wheat bran and the corn protein powder are crushed by a hammer mill;
s2: activating strains: opening an ampoule bottle, sucking 0.3ml of liquid culture medium by using a pipette gun, adding the liquid culture medium into the ampoule bottle, vibrating until an object in the ampoule bottle is suspended, stopping vibrating, transferring all bacterial liquid into the prepared culture medium after treatment, simultaneously moving the bacterial liquid into 10 culture media by adopting an averaging method when the bacterial liquid is moved, randomly selecting 9 culture media by a professional technician after moving for intermittent detection, and stopping detection by adopting a random system when the detection is carried out until the concentration of the prepared zymogen liquid is 7 multiplied by 108 CFU/ml;
s3: solid state fermentation: carrying out amplification culture on strains in the residual culture medium after detection is stopped, wherein the culture temperature is 28 ℃ and the culture time is 5 days when the amplification culture is carried out, and after the amplification culture is finished, inoculating a potato residue substrate to carry out solid state fermentation, wherein the solid state fermentation condition is that the amount of the strains is 4%, the fermentation temperature is 33 ℃, the fermentation time is 60 hours, and after the fermentation is finished, storing the strains in a-20 ℃ environment;
s4: preparing a feed: taking out the fermented product for drying treatment, wherein the drying treatment is carried out by adopting hot air at 60 ℃, the drying time is 3h, after the drying treatment is finished, a high-speed universal grinder is adopted for grinding treatment to prepare the feed, wherein the grinding treatment is carried out by manual real-time monitoring, the prepared feed is judged whether to be subjected to secondary grinding or not by adopting observation and touch, and the secondary grinding is finished and judged again by manual until the prepared feed meets the requirements;
s5: measurement and detection: and (3) determining the content of crude protein and crude fiber of the feed prepared after the crushing is finished by a professional technician, wherein a random sampling method is adopted during determination, and the sample volume is as follows: the total volume of the prepared feed is 1: 500, recording the crude protein and crude fiber content data of the prepared feed after the determination is completed, comparing the recorded data with the existing data, calculating the improvement rate of the crude protein and crude fiber content of the prepared feed, and detecting the feed prepared after the pulverization is completed by a professional technician, wherein a random sampling method is adopted during the detection, and the sample volume is as follows: the total volume of the prepared feed is 1: 5000, detecting contents comprise internal and external friction coefficients among granular particles of the granular particles, hygroscopicity, the volume mass of the granular particles, the particle size of the granular particles, the surface smoothness of the granular particles and the moisture content of the granular particles, recording detection data after detection is finished, and comparing the recorded data with the existing data;
s6: and (3) subsequent treatment: the prepared feed is placed in a vibrating machine for automatic grading, after which all the feed is packed by grading, where large and light pellets (apt to float on the upper part of the pellet pile or to the edge) are transported over a distance of more than 10km, and small and heavy pellets (piled on the lower part) are transported over a distance of less than 10 km.
Example four
Referring to fig. 1, the preparation method of the potato residue feed comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials: selecting potato residues, wheat bran, corn protein powder and lactobacillus plantarum as raw materials by professionals, and preparing an MRS culture medium as a carrier of the lactobacillus plantarum, wherein the MRS culture medium is prepared by mixing 10g of casein peptone, 5g of beef extract, 5g of yeast extract, 5g of glucose, 801ml of tween, 2g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5g of sodium acetate, 2g of diamine citrate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate, 0.05g of manganese sulfate, 15.0g of agar and 1L of distilled water, and carrying out high-pressure sterilization for 20min, wherein the selected raw material ratio is a solid fermentation substrate of the potato residues: fresh potato residues: wheat bran: corn protein powder is 8: 1: 1, before use, the wheat bran and the corn protein powder are crushed by a hammer mill;
s2: activating strains: opening an ampoule bottle, sucking 0.4ml of liquid culture medium by using a pipette gun, adding the liquid culture medium into the ampoule bottle, vibrating until an object in the ampoule bottle is suspended, stopping vibrating, transferring all bacterial liquid into the prepared culture medium after treatment, simultaneously moving the bacterial liquid into 10 culture media by adopting an averaging method when the bacterial liquid is moved, randomly selecting 9 culture media by a professional technician after moving for intermittent detection, and stopping detection by adopting a random system when the detection is carried out until the concentration of the prepared zymogen liquid is 7.5 multiplied by 108 CFU/ml;
s3: solid state fermentation: carrying out amplification culture on strains in the residual culture medium after detection is stopped, wherein the culture temperature is 30 ℃ and the culture time is 7 days when the amplification culture is carried out, and after the amplification culture is finished, inoculating a potato residue substrate to carry out solid state fermentation, wherein the solid state fermentation condition is that the amount of the strains is 4%, the fermentation temperature is 33 ℃, the fermentation time is 60 hours, and after the fermentation is finished, storing the strains in a-20 ℃ environment;
s4: preparing a feed: taking out the fermented product for drying treatment, wherein the drying treatment is carried out by adopting hot air at 70 ℃, the drying time is 3h, after the drying treatment is finished, a high-speed universal grinder is adopted for grinding treatment to prepare the feed, wherein the grinding treatment is carried out by manual real-time monitoring, the prepared feed is judged whether to be subjected to secondary grinding or not by adopting observation and touch, and the secondary grinding is finished and judged again by manual until the prepared feed meets the requirements;
s5: measurement and detection: and (3) determining the content of crude protein and crude fiber of the feed prepared after the crushing is finished by a professional technician, wherein a random sampling method is adopted during determination, and the sample volume is as follows: the total volume of the prepared feed is 1: 500, recording the crude protein and crude fiber content data of the prepared feed after the determination is completed, comparing the recorded data with the existing data, calculating the improvement rate of the crude protein and crude fiber content of the prepared feed, and detecting the feed prepared after the pulverization is completed by a professional technician, wherein a random sampling method is adopted during the detection, and the sample volume is as follows: the total volume of the prepared feed is 1: 5000, detecting contents comprise internal and external friction coefficients among granular particles of the granular particles, hygroscopicity, the volume mass of the granular particles, the particle size of the granular particles, the surface smoothness of the granular particles and the moisture content of the granular particles, recording detection data after detection is finished, and comparing the recorded data with the existing data;
s6: and (3) subsequent treatment: the prepared feed is placed in a vibrating machine for automatic grading, after which all the feed is packed by grading, where large and light pellets (apt to float on the upper part of the pellet pile or to the edge) are transported over a distance of more than 10km, and small and heavy pellets (piled on the lower part) are transported over a distance of less than 10 km.
EXAMPLE five
Referring to fig. 1, the preparation method of the potato residue feed comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials: selecting potato residues, wheat bran, corn protein powder and lactobacillus plantarum as raw materials by professionals, and preparing an MRS culture medium as a carrier of the lactobacillus plantarum, wherein the MRS culture medium is prepared by mixing 10g of casein peptone, 5g of beef extract, 5g of yeast extract, 5g of glucose, 801ml of tween, 2g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5g of sodium acetate, 2g of diamine citrate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate, 0.05g of manganese sulfate, 15.0g of agar and 1L of distilled water, and carrying out high-pressure sterilization for 20min, wherein the selected raw material ratio is a solid fermentation substrate of the potato residues: fresh potato residues: wheat bran: corn protein powder is 8: 1: 1, before use, the wheat bran and the corn protein powder are crushed by a hammer mill;
s2: activating strains: opening an ampoule bottle, sucking 0.5ml of liquid culture medium by using a pipette gun, adding the liquid culture medium into the ampoule bottle, vibrating until an object in the ampoule bottle is suspended, stopping vibrating, transferring all bacterial liquid into the prepared culture medium after treatment, simultaneously moving the bacterial liquid into 10 culture media by adopting an averaging method when the bacterial liquid is moved, randomly selecting 9 culture media by a professional technician after moving for intermittent detection, and stopping detection by adopting a random system when the detection is carried out until the concentration of the prepared zymogen liquid is 8 multiplied by 108 CFU/ml;
s3: solid state fermentation: carrying out amplification culture on strains in the residual culture medium after detection is stopped, wherein the culture temperature is 37 ℃ and the culture time is 12 days when the amplification culture is carried out, and after the amplification culture is finished, inoculating a potato residue substrate to carry out solid state fermentation, wherein the solid state fermentation condition is that the amount of the strains is 4%, the fermentation temperature is 33 ℃, the fermentation time is 60 hours, and after the fermentation is finished, storing the strains in an environment at-20 ℃;
s4: preparing a feed: taking out the fermented product for drying treatment, wherein the drying treatment is carried out by adopting hot air at 66 ℃, the drying time is 3h, after the drying treatment is finished, a high-speed universal grinder is adopted for grinding treatment to prepare the feed, wherein the grinding treatment is carried out by manual real-time monitoring, the prepared feed is judged whether to be subjected to secondary grinding or not by adopting observation and touch, and the secondary grinding is finished and judged again by manual until the prepared feed meets the requirements;
s5: measurement and detection: and (3) determining the content of crude protein and crude fiber of the feed prepared after the crushing is finished by a professional technician, wherein a random sampling method is adopted during determination, and the sample volume is as follows: the total volume of the prepared feed is 1: 500, recording the crude protein and crude fiber content data of the prepared feed after the determination is completed, comparing the recorded data with the existing data, calculating the improvement rate of the crude protein and crude fiber content of the prepared feed, and detecting the feed prepared after the pulverization is completed by a professional technician, wherein a random sampling method is adopted during the detection, and the sample volume is as follows: the total volume of the prepared feed is 1: 5000, detecting contents comprise internal and external friction coefficients among granular particles of the granular particles, hygroscopicity, the volume mass of the granular particles, the particle size of the granular particles, the surface smoothness of the granular particles and the moisture content of the granular particles, recording detection data after detection is finished, and comparing the recorded data with the existing data;
s6: and (3) subsequent treatment: the prepared feed is placed in a vibrating machine for automatic grading, after which all the feed is packed by grading, where large and light pellets (apt to float on the upper part of the pellet pile or to the edge) are transported over a distance of more than 10km, and small and heavy pellets (piled on the lower part) are transported over a distance of less than 10 km.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the embodiment is that, S2: activating strains: opening an ampoule bottle, sucking 0.4ml of liquid culture medium by using a pipette gun, adding the liquid culture medium into the ampoule bottle, vibrating until an object in the ampoule bottle is suspended, stopping vibrating, transferring all the bacteria liquid into the prepared culture medium after treatment, simultaneously moving the bacteria liquid into 10 culture media by adopting an averaging method when the bacteria liquid is moved, randomly selecting 9 culture media by a professional technician after moving for intermittent detection, stopping detection by adopting a random system when the detection is carried out until the concentration of the prepared zymogen liquid is 7.5 multiplied by 108CFU/ml, and keeping the balance the same as the implementation benefit.
Comparative example No. two
The difference from the embodiment is that, S3: solid state fermentation: and performing amplification culture on the strains in the residual culture medium after detection is stopped, wherein the culture temperature is 32 ℃ and the culture time is 13 days when the amplification culture is performed, and after the amplification culture is completed, the potato residue substrate is inoculated to perform solid state fermentation, wherein the solid state fermentation condition is that the amount of the strains is 4%, the fermentation temperature is 33 ℃, the fermentation time is 60 hours, and after the fermentation is completed, the strains are stored in an environment of-20 ℃, and the rest is the same as the embodiment.
Comparative example No. three
The difference from the embodiment is that, S4: preparing a feed: and taking out the fermented product for drying treatment, wherein the drying treatment is carried out by adopting hot air at 78 ℃, the drying time is 3.5h, after the drying treatment is finished, a high-speed universal pulverizer is adopted for pulverizing treatment to prepare the feed, wherein the pulverization treatment is carried out by manual real-time monitoring, the prepared feed is judged whether to be subjected to secondary pulverization by adopting observation and touch, the secondary pulverization is finished and judged again by manual until the prepared feed meets the requirements, and the rest is the same as the implementation benefit.
Examples of the experiments
The potato residue feed preparation methods of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth examples were tested, and the following results were obtained:
the preparation methods of the potato residue feed prepared in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment and the fifth embodiment have the advantages that the cost is obviously reduced compared with the existing method, and the first embodiment is the best embodiment.
Detection reporting
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of potato residue feed, which is used for preparing raw materials by adopting a byproduct potato residue, so that the utilization rate of waste is increased, the cost and the environmental pollution are reduced, and meanwhile, an automatic grading method is adopted, and the feed is selectively transported according to graded packaged feed, so that the feed loss caused by the transportation process is reduced, and the loss is reduced.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the potato residue feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials: selecting raw materials required for preparing the potato residue feed, and preparing a culture medium;
s2: activating strains: putting the selected strains into the prepared culture medium for culturing to obtain a culture with vigorous activity and enough inoculation quantity;
s3: solid state fermentation: carrying out amplification culture on strains in the residual culture medium after detection is stopped, and adding a potato residue substrate for solid state fermentation;
s4: preparing a feed: taking out the fermented product, drying, and crushing after drying to obtain potato residue feed;
s5: measurement and detection: determining the content of crude protein and crude fiber of the feed prepared after the crushing is finished by professional technicians, and detecting other data;
s6: and (3) subsequent treatment: and automatically grading the prepared potato residue feed, and transporting according to grading.
2. The method for preparing potato pulp feed of claim 1, wherein in S1, a professional selects potato pulp, wheat bran, corn gluten meal and lactobacillus plantarum as raw materials, and prepares MRS medium as a carrier of lactobacillus plantarum, wherein the MRS medium is prepared by mixing casein peptone 10g, beef extract 5g, yeast extract 5g, glucose 5g, tween 801ml, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2g, sodium acetate 5g, diamine citrate 2g, magnesium sulfate 0.2g, manganese sulfate 0.05g, agar 15.0g, and distilled water 1L, and autoclaving for 20 min.
3. The method of preparing potato pulp feed of claim 2, wherein the selected ratios of raw materials are potato pulp solid state fermentation substrate: fresh potato residues: wheat bran: corn protein powder is 8: 1: 1, before use, the wheat bran and the corn protein powder are crushed by a hammer mill.
4. The method for preparing potato pulp feed of claim 1, wherein in S2, the ampoule bottle is opened, 0.3-0.5ml of liquid culture medium is sucked by a pipette and added into the ampoule bottle, the ampoule bottle is shaken until the object in the ampoule bottle is suspended, and the shaking is stopped, and after the treatment is finished, all the bacterial liquid is transferred into the prepared culture medium.
5. The preparation method of the potato residue feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the bacterial liquid is moved to 10 culture mediums simultaneously by an even division method, 9 culture mediums are randomly selected by professional technicians for intermittent detection after the movement, and the detection is stopped by a random system until the concentration of the prepared zymogen liquid is 7 x 108-8 x 108 CFU/ml.
6. The preparation method of the potato residue feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S3, the strain in the residual culture medium after the detection is stopped is subjected to scale-up culture at 28-37 ℃ for 5-14 days, and the potato residue substrate is inoculated to the culture medium for solid-state fermentation under conditions of 4% strain amount, 33 ℃ fermentation temperature and 60 hours, and is stored at-20 ℃ after the fermentation is completed.
7. The preparation method of the potato residue feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S4, fermented products are taken out and dried, wherein hot air at 60-80 ℃ is adopted for drying for 3-4h, a high-speed universal grinder is adopted for grinding after the drying is finished to prepare the feed, the grinding is monitored manually in real time, whether secondary grinding is needed or not is judged by observing and touching the prepared feed, and the secondary grinding is finished and judged again manually until the prepared feed meets the requirements.
8. The method for preparing potato pulp feed of claim 1, wherein in step S5, the feed prepared after pulverization is subjected to measurement of crude protein and crude fiber contents by a professional technician, wherein the measurement is performed by a random sampling method, and the sample volume is: the total volume of the prepared feed is 1: and 500, recording the data of the crude protein and crude fiber content of the prepared feed after the measurement is finished, comparing the recorded data with the existing data, and calculating the improvement rate of the crude protein and crude fiber content of the prepared feed.
9. The method for preparing potato pulp feed of claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the feed prepared after the pulverization is detected by a professional technician, wherein the detection is performed by a random sampling method, and the sample volume is as follows: the total volume of the prepared feed is 1: 5000, detecting contents comprise internal and external friction coefficients among granular particles of the granular particles, hygroscopicity, the volume mass of the granular particles, the particle size of the granular particles, the surface smoothness of the granular particles and the moisture content of the granular particles, recording detection data after detection is finished, and comparing the recorded data with the existing data.
10. The potato pulp feed preparation method of claim 1, wherein the prepared feed is automatically classified in a vibration machine and all the feed is packed by classification after automatic classification in S6, wherein large and light pellets are transported over a distance of more than 10km and small and heavy pellets are transported over a distance of less than 10 km.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101361520A (en) * | 2008-07-26 | 2009-02-11 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Potato pulp energy fermentation feed capable of replacing bran and preparation method thereof |
| CN103749966A (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2014-04-30 | 河北农业大学 | Potato pulp fermented feed and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101361520A (en) * | 2008-07-26 | 2009-02-11 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Potato pulp energy fermentation feed capable of replacing bran and preparation method thereof |
| CN103749966A (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2014-04-30 | 河北农业大学 | Potato pulp fermented feed and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 萨仁呼等: "植物乳杆菌固态发酵马铃薯渣制备生物饲料的研究", 粮食与饲料工业, no. 3, pages 31 - 95 * |
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