CN108990702A - A kind of facility cultivation technique of Stropharia rugoso-annulata and cowpea crop rotation - Google Patents
A kind of facility cultivation technique of Stropharia rugoso-annulata and cowpea crop rotation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108990702A CN108990702A CN201810915027.1A CN201810915027A CN108990702A CN 108990702 A CN108990702 A CN 108990702A CN 201810915027 A CN201810915027 A CN 201810915027A CN 108990702 A CN108990702 A CN 108990702A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
Abstract
The invention discloses the facility cultivation techniques of a kind of Stropharia rugoso-annulata and cowpea crop rotation, belong to technical field of edible fungi cultivation, specifically include: Compost fermentation, build mushroom shed, ridge-up bed build, sowing, mycelia manage and protect, mushroom growing and harvesting step；After each compost component of the present invention separates compost fermentation, it is layered stone, ensure that the nutrient and oxygen supply during mycelia and fruit body development, whole fruiting is uniform, and cultivating rate is stablized, and total output is high, quality is good, and crop cycle is short, by solving continuous cropping obstacle with cowpea crop rotation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of edible fungi cultivation, in particular to the facilityization of a kind of Stropharia rugoso-annulata and cowpea crop rotation is planted
Training technology.
Background technique
Stropharia rugoso-annulata category Basidiomycotina layer guiding principle Agaricales Strophariaceae Stropharia, since its is beautiful in colour, smell is clear
Perfume, exquisiteness is tender and crisp, taste is soft, smooth palatable, both can eat raw or dry, quite by consumer's favorable comment.Stropharia rugoso-annulata fructification
Containing quite high protein and to substances such as the advantageous polysaccharide of human health, mineral element, vitamins, there is very high battalion
Value and healthcare function are supported, there is the full nutrition health food of " meat or fish in element ".
Stropharia rugoso-annulata is generally cultivation with straw or wood sawdust or both mixture at present in the cultivation extensively of many countries
Material, though existing field production technology can successfully harvest fructification, there are following disadvantages: 1, the period is long:
The shortest time takes 4 months and starts to harvest, longest for 6 months；2, fruiting difficulty is big: mycelium is in nutrient growth to life
It is easy failure in reproductive growth transition process, is difficult to grow fructification, even if kind comes out, annual output is also extremely unstable, serious to make
About Stropharia rugoso-annulata being widely applied and commercially produces；3, culture material utilization rate is low: culture material mixes latter fermentation, respectively
The rotten degree of raw material is difficult to control, and nutrients release is not thorough.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the facility cultivation technique of a kind of Stropharia rugoso-annulata and cowpea crop rotation, each compost group
After separating compost fermentation, it is layered stone, the nutrient and oxygen supply during mycelia and fruit body development is ensure that, integrally goes out
Mushroom is uniform, and cultivating rate is stablized, and total output is high, and quality is good, and crop cycle is short, by solving continuous cropping obstacle with cowpea crop rotation.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention has the technical scheme that
A kind of facility cultivation technique of Stropharia rugoso-annulata and cowpea crop rotation, comprising the following steps:
S1, Compost fermentation: compost component is used as after stalk, corncob, rice hulls difference compost fermentation；
S2, it builds mushroom shed: deep ploughing to harvested cowpea field, cowpea stalk is ploughed under into underground, keeps 7~10d or so, with
After build greenhouse, and cover one layer of plastic foil and shading net to canopy bottom, fill one group of atomizer every a meter ampere in canopy；
S3, ridge-up bed are built: 20~40cm of deep ploughing, bedding, the wide 100~150cm of furrow, the long 40m of furrow, stay gutter, furrow between furrow
Face is trimmed to intermediate slightly higher curvature of the spinal column type, and then sprinkling quick lime to furrow face is shown in white；
S4, sowing: the stone when material temperature is down to 25 DEG C or less, and in spread culture material sow walnut size strain,
Then cover the soil in a small amount of gutter；
S5, mycelia are managed and protected: keeping overburden layer wet, the field planting of observation mycelia and bacterium germination situation are replenished in time inoculation and eliminate
Miscellaneous bacteria；
S6, mushroom growing, harvesting: being frequently stirred compost, when discovery has the fructification of white soya bean size to occur, keeps earthing
Layer and stalk are wet, after 5~7d, can harvest；
S7, cowpea plantation, harvesting: after hickory chick harvests, shading net is removed, soil deeptillage carries out Asparagus Bean Breeding and adopts
Knock off work.
Further, every 100 parts of composts are grouped as by the group of following mass parts: 40~60 parts of stalk, corncob 20~
30 parts, 20~30 parts of rice hulls.
Further, in the step S1, straw compost fermentation includes the following steps:
It 1) is in mass ratio, that 1:1000 is uniformly mixed as spray solution with sterile water by zymophyte；
2) stalk, is layered on field, so that it is suctioned moisture using a small amount of multiple spray mode, and be inoculated with top fermentation bacterium；
3) stalk of damping, is piled into 2~4m of bottom width, the trapezoidal heap of high 1~2m, material heap surface is in plane, is beaten in material heap
There is gas vent, and covered with plastic cloth, material heap temperature is monitored by thermometer；
4), when material temperature reaches 55 DEG C, has white powder high temperature streptomyces spectabilis to occur in material, first time turning；
5), when material temperature rises to 55 DEG C or more, 2~3d is kept, until stalk has a large amount of powdery albefaction objects, no ammonia at dark brown
Smelly and material tart flavour, i.e. fermentation ends.
Further, the zymophyte is made of streptomyces spectabilis, burkholderia.
Further, the stalk is one of rice straw, corn stover, sesame stalk, wheat stalk.
Further, in the step S1, corncob compost fermentation includes the following steps:
1) corncob, is laid in field, rolls and is ground out repeatedly, then repeatedly watering, keeps corncob wet；
2) corncob, is piled into 2~4m of bottom width, the trapezoidal heap of high 1~2m, material heap surface is in plane, after cover plastic foil；
3), ferment 4~5d, until corncob is dark brown, no ammonia odor and material tart flavour, i.e. fermentation ends.
Further, in the step S1, rice hulls compost fermentation includes the following steps: to pile rice hulls into a pile, more
Secondary watering keeps it wet, then covers 4~5d of plastics film fermentation, spare.
Further, the step S4, the stone when material temperature is down to 25 DEG C or less spread the straw of 2.5~3.5cm thickness first
Stalk, on the corncob stirred evenly and rice hulls mixture, arranged smooth, width is consistent, then breaks into strain
Walnut size, by pan feeding, every three row of furrow sowing completes first layer after planting, is then covered with the stalk of 2.5~3.5cm thickness, on
The mixture of the corncob and rice hulls that stir evenly carries out second layer sowing, finally, the stalk for spreading 1~2cm thickness is covered
Lid, and take the native stalks mulching in a small amount of gutter.Stalk is loose fluffy soft, excessively ventilative to easily cause water loss, therefore the present invention
Soil in gutter of top layer's covering containing quick lime, is conducive to the holding of compost moisture and nutrient, can also completely cut off the external world
Pollution of the microorganism to fermented and cultured material in air, and the quick lime in soil with sprinkling water dissolve after penetrate into culture
The pH value of compost is adjusted in material, maintains the state of its acid partial neutral, is conducive to the growth and development of Stropharia rugoso-annulata；Secondly, covering
Soil generates gravity and Pressure stimulation to mycelia, promotes its differentiation to generate fruit body primordium, cultivating rate is high, good mushroom type.
Further, 9~12cm of spacing between the strain.
Further, the step S2 planting site topography is flat, stabilization of having abundant water resources, and soil property is sandy soil, and pH value is
Neutral or meta-alkalescence.Sandy soil refers to that silt content is more, and grained matte, seepage velocity is fast, and water retention property is poor, and venting capability is good
Soil, soil temperature luffing is big, and daytime soil warming is fast, at night cooling it is also fast, therefore, advantageously form the morning and evening temperature difference, sooner or later
The temperature difference is conducive to greatly the development of fruit body primordium and the formation of fructification；Secondly, aeration is good, oxygen is sufficient, is conducive to aerobic
Property microorganism activity, organic matter decomposition is fast, in soil nonhazardous substance exist, continuous cropping may be implemented；But due to sand soil
In contain the more grains of sand, moisture is easy to be lost, therefore the present invention is kept the skin wet at any time by the way that spraying facility is arranged in greenhouse,
The moisture content of sandy soil is improved, and can be to avoid support water, waterlogging and perched water.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. combining the temperature in 9~November of Hubei province locality and 0 DEG C of humidity condition and minimum winter daily mean temperature attached
Closely, in Stropharia rugoso-annulata bacterium growth course, a series of management methods for meeting its growth rhythm are implemented, and have by greenhouse
Effect reduces environmental change and grows caused devastating impact to it, by solving continuous cropping obstacle, whole fruiting with cowpea crop rotation
Uniformly, cultivating rate is stablized, and total output is high, and quality is good, and crop cycle is short, has method science, and planting type meets our province weather
Feature such as can be widely applied at the distinguishing features.
2. each component separates compost fermentation, controllable difference compost moisture contents, fermentation temperature and fermentation time, thus
The attenuation degree for controlling different composts is conducive to kill pest and disease damage, promotes beneficial microbe breeding, accelerates the catalysis of compost
It decomposing, better Releasing nutrient, heap produces good compost, and compost quality of the invention is soft, no agglomeration, no ammonia taste,
Without sour taste, no musty, mycelia material feeding speed is fast, conducive to the Growth and Differentiation of Stropharia rugoso-annulata mycelia and fructification, to a certain extent
Shorten cultivation period；And the compost after fermenting contains high activity beneficial microbe and its active metabolite, growing to it has
Facilitation, shows as that mycelium growth vigor is prosperous, anti-miscellaneous bacteria ability is strong；Secondly each component separately ferments, and forms in composting process
The microbial flora for being conducive to itself fermentation, improves the microbe species and quantity of compost, resists external microbe invasion
Ability is strong, reduces the generation of disease.
3. being inoculated with streptomyces spectabilis and burkholderia as zymophyte, streptomyces spectabilis has high-cellulose enzyme activity
Property, it can be the carbohydrate of oligosaccharides and small molecule, such as glucose, cellobiose, trisaccharide, glucose conduct by cellulose degradation
The most suitable carbon source of Stropharia rugoso-annulata can significantly promote mycelia growth, while stalk cellulose dispersion and de- fibrillation make its softening, are convenient for
Arrange closer when stone；Secondly, streptomyces spectabilis can produce some antibacterial materials such as prodigiosin, have extremely strong suppression true
Bacterium, bacterium and insecticidal activity, to disease common in Stropharia rugoso-annulata planting process such as mite class, ant, mushroom mosquito and pathogenic microorganism
There is stronger control efficiency.Burkholderia has high chitinase and chitosan enzyme activity, and streptomyces spectabilis fermentation generates
Oligosaccharides can induce burkholderia and generate chitinase, chitosan enzyme etc., by chitin in disease fungus cell wall
It is the oligose fragment that 4 saccharide residues are constituted with degradation of chitosan, therefore can inhibit terrible umbrella during Hypha Growth of Stropharia Rugosa-annulata, naked
Lid mushroom etc. competes the sprouting of miscellaneous bacteria, resists the infection of pathogen, further increases the beneficial microorganisms content such as streptomyces spectabilis,
Accelerate course of fermentation.
4. process can be saved by the way of being layered stone, it is easy to operate, it is suitable for continuous operation；Secondly, mixing is uniform,
Retain water and nutrients, stalk softness flexible after compost fermentation are in rarefaction, repave corncob, rice hulls mixture, form " three
Mingzhi's formula " structure, corncob, rice hulls partially can be penetrated into directly in stalk, and mixing is uniform, and nutrient supply is sufficient, and stalk
It can keep corncob, the water content of rice hulls and nutrient；And be not necessarily to be stirred, the rarefaction of compost is maintained,
Gas permeability is maintained, oxygen supply and temperature are suitable, are conducive to the development of mycelia and fructification；On the other hand, each component compost is not interfered
The microbial flora of itself afterwards is conducive to maintain original yeastiness, sustained release nutrient, and resists invading for external microbe
It attacks, reduces living contaminants.
5. initial stage mycelia is grown in high-moisture corncob, rice hulls mixture layer using layering stone, corncob is rich
Containing pentosan, cellulose, followed by lignin and minerals, rice hulls rich in cellulose, pentosan, lignin, silica,
Phosphorus, potassium are with some microelements such as calcium, manganese, iron, copper etc., carbohydrate needed for being supplied to mycelium germination, minerals, salt and wet
Degree, compared to stalk, corncob, rice hulls, corncob, rice hulls mixture bacterium germination are most fast, and rice hulls decompose the silicon of release
The disease resistance ability that Stropharia rugoso-annulata can be enhanced, cellulase, paint can be activated by decomposing the microelements such as calcium, manganese, iron, the copper of release
Enzyme, manganese peroxidase enzymatic activity, later period mycelia grow into corncob, rice hulls and stalk mixture layer, start to eat to stalk
Material, the carbohydrate that prior fermentation generates can be such that mycelia mushrooms out, and cellulose-decomposing ability is strong, form benign cycle, final mycelia
Mushroom out and be paved with entire stalk layer, but at this point, due to organic matter and oxygen consumption, microbiological contamination probability greatly improves, and this hair
Bright streptomyces spectabilis and Burkholder formula bacterium is all the strain excellent of antagonism pathogen, it is ensured that Stropharia rugoso-annulata health is raw
It is long, and its growth factor generated can promote the formation of fruit body primordium, final fruiting is fast, and fruiting is more, and mushroom total yield is also high.
6. hickory chick and cowpea crop rotation are conducive to improve soil property in canopy, inhibit continuous cropping diseases.Hickory chick happiness
It is wet, therefore can largely be irrigated in cultivation, to aggravate H in soil+With the elution of salinity, lead to soil acidification, hardened and secondary
Raw salination, is unfavorable for hickory chick continuous cropping；Cowpea is drought-enduring, and water requirement is little, therefore forms the plantation state of alternation of wetting and drying, soil
It falls after doing, permeability increases, and oxidation-reduction potential gradually rises, and the mineralising of organic matter and accumulation get a promotion, and can pass through
Cowpea absorbs nutrient to reduce the accumulation of upper earth nutrient and salinity during cultivating, alleviate soil acidification, secondly utilize cowpea fixed nitrogen
Characteristic reduces hickory chick and cultivates amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, and cowpea stubble in field, resolves into organic matter in the soil, can increase soil
Fertilizer efficiency further decreases soil acidity, improves ecological environment of soil, forms the environment for being suitable for the cultivation of lower stubble hickory chick；In addition, sheep
A large amount of profitable strains that hickory chick growth generation can also be used in the cultivation of tripe bacterium reside in soil and further breed, and improve soil
Matter inhibits the growth of soil harmful bacteria to solve the problems, such as that cowpea is not suitable for continuous cropping to inhibit continuous cropping diseases.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Obviously, described
Embodiment be only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiment of the present invention, ability
Domain those of ordinary skill every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, belongs to guarantor of the present invention
The range of shield.
One, embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of facility cultivation technique of Stropharia rugoso-annulata and cowpea crop rotation, comprising the following steps:
S1, Compost fermentation: compost component is used as after corn stover, corncob, rice hulls difference compost fermentation；Often
100 parts of composts are grouped as by the group of following mass parts: 40 parts of corn stover, 30 parts of corncob, 30 parts of rice hulls；
S2, build mushroom shed: selection topography is flat, stabilization of having abundant water resources, and soil property is sandy soil, and pH value is neutral or meta-alkali
Property cowpea field, deep plough to harvested cowpea field, cowpea stalk ploughed under into underground, keep 7~10d or so, then take on it
Greenhouse is built, is barricaded as being divided into the greenhouse of 1m between high 3m, width 8m, long 40m, sidebar using the hot galvanized steel pipe of 6* Φ 25, and covers one
Layer plastic foil and 2 layer of 8 needle shading net are to canopy bottom, the card slot clamping of canopy both sides, soil block compacting around canopy bottom, every a meter ampere in canopy
Fill one group of atomizer；
S3, ridge-up bed are built: on the soil for putting up mushroom shed, with rotary cultivator deep ploughing soil, ploughing deeply depth is 20cm, is then made
Furrow, the wide 100cm of furrow, the long 40m of furrow, and the gutter of 30cm, depth 10cm are stayed among every furrow, furrow face is trimmed to intermediate slightly higher
Curvature of the spinal column type, then with quick lime be sprayed to furrow face see it is white；
S4, sowing: the stone when material temperature is down to 25 DEG C or less, and in spread culture material sow walnut size strain,
Then cover the soil in a small amount of gutter, concrete operations are as follows: spreading the corn stover of 2.5cm thickness first, on the corn that stirs evenly
The mixture of core and husk, is arranged smooth, and width is consistent, and strain is then broken into walnut size, by pan feeding, every furrow three
Row sowing, strain spacing 9cm complete first layer after planting, are then covered with the corn stover of 2.5cm thickness, on the jade that stirs evenly
The mixture of meter Xin and husk carry out second layer sowing, finally, the corn stover for spreading 1cm thickness is covered, and take a small amount of row
The soil in ditch, is covered in corn stover, until can not see grass；
S5, mycelia are managed and protected: noticing that the control of temperature of shed and humidity, small water spray are poured, keep earthing wet, the megathermal period in autumn
Diligent watering, while mycelia field planting and bacterium germination situation are observed, inoculation and superseded miscellaneous bacteria is replenished in time；
S6, mushroom growing, harvesting: being frequently stirred compost, when discovery has the fructification of white soya bean size to occur, daily small water
Spray is poured, and is kept overburden layer and corn stover wet, after 5~7d, can be harvested；
S7, cowpea plantation, harvesting: after hickory chick harvests, shading net is removed, soil deeptillage carries out Asparagus Bean Breeding and adopts
Knock off work.
In the step S1, maize straw manure fermentation includes the following steps:
It 1) is in mass ratio, that 1:1000 is uniformly mixed as spray solution with sterile water by zymophyte；
2), the corn stover that screening length is 70~100cm is layered on field, and a small amount of repeatedly spray makes it suction moisture, and
It is inoculated with top fermentation bacterium, the zymophyte is made of streptomyces spectabilis, burkholderia；It is taken out with hand and arbitrarily extracts one corn stalk
Stalk is tightened, if having water droplet exudation and not line, just illustrates that water content is suitable；
3) stalk of damping, is piled into 2~4m of bottom width, the trapezoidal heap of high 1~2m when heap, stands one every 100cm
The bamboo pole of thick 5cm or so, after heap is good, double swerve bamboo pole forms gas vent, to prevent material heap center and bottom anoxic, then uses
Plastic cloth capping, and thermometer is inserted among material heap, temperature is monitored at any time；
4), when material temperature reaches 55 DEG C, has white powder high temperature streptomyces spectabilis to occur in material, first time turning is turned over
Also bamboo pole is inserted into when heap, after turning over, double swerve bamboo pole forms gas vent；
5), when material temperature rises to 55 DEG C or more, 2~3d is kept, until stalk has a large amount of powdery albefaction objects, no ammonia at dark brown
Smelly and material tart flavour, i.e. fermentation ends.
In the step S1, corncob compost fermentation includes the following steps:
S1, corncob is laid in field, is rolled and ground out repeatedly with automobile or the motor tricycle for having filled goods, with
Repeated multiple times watering afterwards keeps corncob wet；
S2, corncob piles to 2~4m of bottom width, the trapezoidal heap of high 1~2m, material heap surface is in plane, after cover plastic foil
Ferment 4~5d；
It S3, is dark brown, no ammonia odor and material tart flavour, i.e. fermentation ends to corncob.
In the step S1, rice hulls compost fermentation includes the following steps: rice hulls piling a pile, and repeatedly watering makes it
It is wet, it grabs one at random with hand and is held in the hand, webs have water droplet, but do not fall, i.e., water content is moderate, then cover plastic foil hair
4~5d of ferment.
Embodiment 2
A kind of facility cultivation technique of Stropharia rugoso-annulata and cowpea crop rotation, comprising the following steps:
S1, Compost fermentation: compost component is used as after sesame stalk, corncob, rice hulls difference compost fermentation；Often
100 parts of composts are grouped as by the group of following mass parts: 45 parts of sesame stalk, 27.5 parts of corncob, 27.5 parts of rice hulls；
S2, build mushroom shed: selection topography is flat, stabilization of having abundant water resources, and soil property is sandy soil, and pH value is neutral or meta-alkali
Property cowpea field, deep plough to harvested cowpea field, cowpea stalk ploughed under into underground, keep 7~10d or so, then take on it
Greenhouse is built, is barricaded as being divided into the greenhouse of 1m between high 3m, width 8m, long 40m, sidebar using pipe of cement, and covers one layer of plastic foil and 2 layers
8 needle shading nets are to canopy bottom, the card slot clamping of canopy both sides, soil block compacting around canopy bottom, fill one group of atomization spray every a meter ampere in canopy
Head；
S3, ridge-up bed are built: on the soil for putting up mushroom shed, with rotary cultivator deep ploughing soil, ploughing deeply depth is 25cm, is then made
Furrow, the wide 110cm of furrow, the long 40m of furrow, and the gutter of 35cm, depth 12cm are stayed among every furrow, furrow face is trimmed to intermediate slightly higher
Curvature of the spinal column type, then with quick lime be sprayed to furrow face see it is white；
S4, sowing: the stone when material temperature is down to 25 DEG C or less, and in spread culture material sow walnut size strain,
Then cover the soil in a small amount of gutter, concrete operations are as follows: spreading the sesame stalk of 3cm thickness first, on the corncob that stirs evenly
With the mixture of husk, arranged smooth, width is consistent, strain is then broken into walnut size, by pan feeding, every three row of furrow
Sowing, strain spacing 11cm complete first layer after planting, are then covered with the sesame stalk of 3cm thickness, on the corncob that stirs evenly
With the mixture of husk, second layer sowing is carried out, finally, the stalk for spreading 1cm thickness is covered, and takes a small amount of gutter
Soil covers in sesame stalk, until can not see grass；
S5, mycelia are managed and protected: noticing that the control of temperature of shed and humidity, small water spray are poured, keep earthing wet, the megathermal period in autumn
Diligent watering, while mycelia field planting and bacterium germination situation are observed, inoculation and superseded miscellaneous bacteria is replenished in time；
S6, mushroom growing, harvesting: being frequently stirred compost, when discovery has the fructification of white soya bean size to occur, daily small water
Spray is poured, and is kept overburden layer and sesame stalk wet, after 5~7d, can be harvested；
S7, cowpea plantation, harvesting: after hickory chick harvests, shading net is removed, soil deeptillage carries out Asparagus Bean Breeding and adopts
Knock off work.
In the step S1, sesame stalk, corncob, rice hulls compost fermentation step such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of facility cultivation technique of Stropharia rugoso-annulata and cowpea crop rotation, comprising the following steps:
S1, Compost fermentation: compost component is used as after rice straw, corncob, rice hulls difference compost fermentation；Often
100 parts of composts are grouped as by the group of following mass parts: 50 parts of rice straw, 25 parts of corncob, 25 parts of rice hulls；
S2, build mushroom shed: selection topography is flat, stabilization of having abundant water resources, and soil property is sandy soil, and pH value is neutral or meta-alkali
Property cowpea field, deep plough to harvested cowpea field, cowpea stalk ploughed under into underground, keep 7~10d or so, then take on it
Greenhouse is built, is barricaded as being divided into the greenhouse of 1m between high 3m, width 8m, long 40m, sidebar using the hot galvanized steel pipe of 6* Φ 25, and covers one
Layer plastic foil and 2 layer of 8 needle shading net are to canopy bottom, the card slot clamping of canopy both sides, soil block compacting around canopy bottom, every a meter ampere in canopy
Fill one group of atomizer；
S3, ridge-up bed are built: on the soil for putting up mushroom shed, with rotary cultivator deep ploughing soil, ploughing deeply depth is 30cm, is then made
Furrow, the wide 120cm of furrow, the long 40m of furrow, and the gutter of 40cm, depth 13cm are stayed among every furrow, furrow face is trimmed to intermediate slightly higher
Curvature of the spinal column type, then with quick lime be sprayed to furrow face see it is white；
S4, sowing: the stone when material temperature is down to 25 DEG C or less, and in spread culture material sow walnut size strain,
Then cover the soil in a small amount of gutter, concrete operations are as follows: spreading the rice straw of 3cm thickness first, on the corncob that stirs evenly
With the mixture of husk, arranged smooth, width is consistent, strain is then broken into walnut size, by pan feeding, every three row of furrow
Sowing, strain spacing 10cm complete first layer after planting, are then covered with the rice straw of 3cm thickness, on the corncob that stirs evenly
With the mixture of husk, second layer sowing is carried out, finally, the rice straw for spreading 2cm thickness is covered, and takes a small amount of gutter
Soil, cover on rice straw, until can not see grass；
S5, mycelia are managed and protected: noticing that the control of temperature of shed and humidity, small water spray are poured, keep earthing wet, the megathermal period in autumn
Diligent watering, while mycelia field planting and bacterium germination situation are observed, inoculation and superseded miscellaneous bacteria is replenished in time；
S6, mushroom growing, harvesting: being frequently stirred compost, when discovery has the fructification of white soya bean size to occur, daily small water
Spray is poured, and is kept overburden layer and rice straw wet, after 5~7d, can be harvested；
S7, cowpea plantation, harvesting: after hickory chick harvests, shading net is removed, soil deeptillage carries out Asparagus Bean Breeding and adopts
Knock off work.
In the step S1, rice straw, corncob, rice hulls compost fermentation step such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
A kind of facility cultivation technique of Stropharia rugoso-annulata and cowpea crop rotation, comprising the following steps:
S1, Compost fermentation: compost component is used as after wheat stalk, corncob, rice hulls difference compost fermentation；Often
100 parts of composts are grouped as by the group of following mass parts: 55 parts of wheat stalk, 22.5 parts of corncob, 22.5 parts of rice hulls；
S2, build mushroom shed: selection topography is flat, stabilization of having abundant water resources, and soil property is sandy soil, and pH value is neutral or meta-alkali
Property cowpea field, deep plough to harvested cowpea field, cowpea stalk ploughed under into underground, keep 7~10d or so, then take on it
Greenhouse is built, is barricaded as being divided into the greenhouse of 1m between high 3m, width 8m, long 40m, sidebar using the hot galvanized steel pipe of 6* Φ 25, and covers one
Layer plastic foil and 2 layer of 8 needle shading net are to canopy bottom, the card slot clamping of canopy both sides, soil block compacting around canopy bottom, every a meter ampere in canopy
Fill one group of atomizer；
S3, ridge-up bed are built: on the soil for putting up mushroom shed, with rotary cultivator deep ploughing soil, ploughing deeply depth is 35cm, is then made
Furrow, the wide 135cm of furrow, the long 40m of furrow, and the gutter of 40cm, depth 15cm are stayed among every furrow, furrow face is trimmed to intermediate slightly higher
Curvature of the spinal column type, then with quick lime be sprayed to furrow face see it is white；
S4, sowing: the stone when material temperature is down to 25 DEG C or less, and in spread culture material sow walnut size strain,
Then cover the soil in a small amount of gutter, concrete operations are as follows: spreading the wheat stalk of 3.5cm thickness first, on the corn that stirs evenly
The mixture of core and husk, is arranged smooth, and width is consistent, and strain is then broken into walnut size, by pan feeding, every furrow three
Row sowing, strain spacing 12cm complete first layer after planting, are then covered with the wheat stalk of 3.5cm thickness, on the jade that stirs evenly
The mixture of meter Xin and husk carry out second layer sowing, finally, the wheat stalk for spreading 2cm thickness is covered, and take a small amount of row
The soil in ditch, is covered on wheat stalk, until can not see grass；
S5, mycelia are managed and protected: noticing that the control of temperature of shed and humidity, small water spray are poured, keep earthing wet, the megathermal period in autumn
Diligent watering, while mycelia field planting and bacterium germination situation are observed, inoculation and superseded miscellaneous bacteria is replenished in time；
S6, mushroom growing, harvesting: being frequently stirred compost, when discovery has the fructification of white soya bean size to occur, daily small water
Spray is poured, and is kept overburden layer and wheat stalk wet, after 5~7d, can be harvested；
S7, cowpea plantation, harvesting: after hickory chick harvests, shading net is removed, soil deeptillage carries out Asparagus Bean Breeding and adopts
Knock off work.
In the step S1, wheat stalk, corncob, rice hulls compost fermentation step such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
A kind of facility cultivation technique of Stropharia rugoso-annulata and cowpea crop rotation, comprising the following steps:
S1, Compost fermentation: compost component is used as after rice straw, corncob, rice hulls difference compost fermentation；Often
100 parts of composts are grouped as by the group of following mass parts: 60 parts of rice straw, 20 parts of corncob, 20 parts of rice hulls；
S2, build mushroom shed: selection topography is flat, stabilization of having abundant water resources, and soil property is sandy soil, and pH value is neutral or meta-alkali
Property cowpea field, deep plough to harvested cowpea field, cowpea stalk ploughed under into underground, keep 7~10d or so, then take on it
Greenhouse is built, is barricaded as being divided into the greenhouse of 1m between high 3m, width 8m, long 40m, sidebar using bamboo, and covers one layer of plastic foil and 2 layer 8
Needle shading net is to canopy bottom, the card slot clamping of canopy both sides, soil block compacting around canopy bottom, fills one group of atomization spray every a meter ampere in canopy
Head；
S3, ridge-up bed are built: on the soil for putting up mushroom shed, with rotary cultivator deep ploughing soil, ploughing deeply depth is 40cm, is then made
Furrow, the wide 150cm of furrow, the long 40m of furrow, and the gutter of 50cm, depth 15cm are stayed among every furrow, furrow face is trimmed to intermediate slightly higher
Curvature of the spinal column type, then with quick lime be sprayed to furrow face see it is white；
S4, sowing: the stone when material temperature is down to 25 DEG C or less, and in spread culture material sow walnut size strain,
Then cover the soil in a small amount of gutter, concrete operations are as follows: spreading the rice straw of 3cm thickness first, on the corncob that stirs evenly
With the mixture of husk, arranged smooth, width is consistent, strain is then broken into walnut size, by pan feeding, every three row of furrow
Sowing, strain spacing 10cm complete first layer after planting, are then covered with the rice straw of 3cm thickness, on the corncob that stirs evenly
With the mixture of husk, second layer sowing is carried out, finally, the rice straw for spreading 2cm thickness is covered, and takes a small amount of gutter
Soil, cover on rice straw, until can not see grass；
S5, mycelia are managed and protected: noticing that the control of temperature of shed and humidity, small water spray are poured, keep earthing wet, the megathermal period in autumn
Diligent watering, while mycelia field planting and bacterium germination situation are observed, inoculation and superseded miscellaneous bacteria is replenished in time；
S6, mushroom growing, harvesting: being frequently stirred compost, when discovery has the fructification of white soya bean size to occur, daily small water
Spray is poured, and is kept overburden layer and rice straw wet, after 5~7d, can be harvested；
S7, cowpea plantation, harvesting: after hickory chick harvests, shading net is removed, soil deeptillage carries out Asparagus Bean Breeding and adopts
Knock off work.
In the step S1, rice straw, corncob, rice hulls compost fermentation step such as embodiment 1.
Two, experimental example
Comparative example 1: mixed culture material component, direct stone, with a thickness of 10cm, remaining operation is the same as embodiment 3；
Comparative example 2: compost component azymic, direct layering stone, remaining is the same as embodiment 3；
Comparative example 3: after mixed culture material component compost, direct stone, with a thickness of 10cm, remaining is the same as embodiment 3；
Comparative example 4: compost is used as after rice straw compost, layer thickness 10cm, remaining is the same as embodiment 3；
Comparative example 5: compost is used as after corncob compost, layer thickness 10cm, remaining is the same as embodiment 3；
Comparative example 6: compost is used as after rice hulls compost, layer thickness 10cm, remaining is the same as embodiment 3；
Comparative example 7: compost is made in mixing after rice straw, rice hulls compost, and layer thickness 10cm, remaining is the same as embodiment 3；
Comparative example 8: compost is made in mixing after rice straw, corncob compost, and layer thickness 10cm, remaining is the same as embodiment 3；
Comparative example 9: compost is made in mixing after rice hulls, corncob compost, and layer thickness 10cm, remaining is the same as embodiment 3；
After having picked Stropharia rugoso-annulata, in Statistical Comparison example 1~3 and every group of embodiment when the yield of Stropharia rugoso-annulata and maturation
Between, and the condition of Stropharia rugoso-annulata in every group of embodiment is observed, it the results are shown in Table 1.
Influence of 1 different disposal of table to the yield of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, maturation time and condition
| Kg/ mus of yield | Maturation time/d | Condition | |
| Comparative example 1 | 405~435 | 122~144 | Color and uniformity are low, cap poor appearance, and meat is thin |
| Comparative example 2 | 495~525 | 106~120 | Color and uniformity are low, and cap appearance is poor, and meat is relatively thin |
| Comparative example 3 | 530~573 | 110~125 | Color and uniformity are general, and cap appearance is preferable, and meat is relatively thin |
| Embodiment 1 | 610~638 | 102~110 | Color and uniformity are high, and cap appearance is good, and meat is relatively thin |
| Embodiment 2 | 629~645 | 92~104 | Color and uniformity are high, and cap appearance is good, and meat is thicker |
| Embodiment 3 | 644~682 | 91~97 | Color and uniformity are high, and cap appearance is good, and meat is thicker |
| Embodiment 4 | 636~662 | 95~106 | Color and uniformity are high, and cap appearance is good, and meat is thicker |
| Embodiment 5 | 625~650 | 105~114 | Color and uniformity are high, and cap appearance is good, and meat is thicker |
Influence of 2 different disposal of table to Hypha Growth of Stropharia Rugosa-annulata
| Mycelial growth rate/mmd-1 | The bacterium germination time/d | Mycelial growth potential | |
| Comparative example 4 | 2.13 | 65.3 | + |
| Comparative example 5 | 2.18 | 64.7 | ++ |
| Comparative example 6 | 2.19 | 63.6 | ++ |
| Comparative example 7 | 2.25 | 57.1 | ++ |
| Comparative example 8 | 2.30 | 55.6 | ++ |
| Comparative example 9 | 2.34 | 54.4 | +++ |
| Embodiment 3 | 2.44 | 51.2 | +++ |
In Examples 1 to 5, in the management process, in such a way that greenhouse plus compost component separate compost fermentation, and
It is layered stone, provides the most suitable growth environment for Stropharia rugoso-annulata, the Stropharia rugoso-annulata individual difference finally planted out is little, outside cap
It sees, meat is thicker, good in economic efficiency.Comparative example 1 compared with Example 3, direct stone, compost after mixed culture material component
Not fermented, nutrients release is slow, and Stropharia rugoso-annulata material feeding speed is relatively slow accordingly, and growth cycle is longer, and raw material components are harder, easily
Stropharia rugoso-annulata is scratched, leads to cap poor appearance, the Stropharia rugoso-annulata individual difference planted out is big, cap poor appearance, and meat is thin；Comparison
Compared with Example 3, compost component azymic, direct layering stone provides sufficient oxygen to example 2, and mycelia differentiation generates
The growth and development of fruit body primordium and subsequent fructification is preferable, shortens cultivation period compared to comparative example 1, but because of compost
Not fermented, nutrients release is slow, and Stropharia rugoso-annulata material feeding speed is relatively slow accordingly, and growth cycle is longer, and raw material components are harder, easily
Stropharia rugoso-annulata is scratched, leads to cap poor appearance, the Stropharia rugoso-annulata individual difference planted out is big, and meat is relatively thin, deficiency in economic performance；It is right
Compared with Example 3, direct stone after mixed culture material component compost fermentation ferments ratio 3 though providing certain nutrient
Compost rotten degree afterwards is different, and nutrients release difference is big, and is compacted after compost mixing, and gas permeability reduces, oxygen supply
Amount significantly reduces, and is unfavorable for the growth and development that mycelia differentiation generates fruit body primordium and subsequent fructification, therefore, although yield
It is still relatively high, but growth time is longer, the Stropharia rugoso-annulata individual difference planted out is big, and cap appearance is preferable, but meat is relatively thin；
Illustrate that compost component separates compost fermentation and can preferably provide nutrient and oxygen, shortens Stropharia rugoso-annulata growth time, improve
Yield.
As shown in Table 2, Stropharia rugoso-annulata mycelia equal energy normal growth on rice straw, corncob, rice hulls compost, but
Growth rate is fast in corncob, rice hulls mixed culture material, aerial hyphae is sturdy dense, average that 51.2d is only needed to cover with culture
Material illustrates that corncob, rice hulls mixed culture material are easy to be absorbed by Stropharia rugoso-annulata mycelia, facilitates mycelium germination and growth, can
Can be the reason is that corncob and rice hulls content of lignin be low, pentosan and content of cellulose are high, and cell wall is easily destroyed, cell
Content is easier to discharge, and nutriment is fully utilized, therefore using above-mentioned compost as seed layer, can shorten strain
The time of growth-delaying after access, mycelia growth is fast, and cultivation period is short；It secondly is rice straw, corncob mixed culture material.
Claims (10)
1. the facility cultivation technique of a kind of Stropharia rugoso-annulata and cowpea crop rotation, which comprises the following steps:
S1, Compost fermentation: compost component is used as after stalk, corncob, rice hulls difference compost fermentation；
S2, it builds mushroom shed: deep ploughing to harvested cowpea field, cowpea stalk is ploughed under into underground, 7~10d or so is kept, then takes
Greenhouse is built, and covers one layer of plastic foil and shading net to canopy bottom, canopy is interior to fill one group of atomizer every a meter ampere；
S3, ridge-up bed are built: 20~40cm of deep ploughing, bedding, the wide 100~150cm of furrow, the long 40m of furrow, stay gutter between furrow, furrow face is repaired
The whole curvature of the spinal column type slightly higher for centre, then sprinkling quick lime to furrow face is shown in white；
S4, sowing: the stone when material temperature is down to 25 DEG C or less, and in spread culture material sow walnut size strain, then
Cover the soil in a small amount of gutter；
S5, mycelia are managed and protected: keeping overburden layer wet, inoculation and superseded miscellaneous bacteria is replenished in time in the field planting of observation mycelia and bacterium germination situation；
S6, mushroom growing, harvesting: being frequently stirred compost, when discovery there is the fructification of white soya bean size to occur when, keep overburden layer and
Stalk is wet, after 5~7d, can harvest；
S7, cowpea plantation, harvesting: after hickory chick harvests, shading net is removed, soil deeptillage carries out Asparagus Bean Breeding and harvests work
Make.
2. facility cultivation technique as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that every 100 parts of composts are by following mass parts
Group is grouped as: 40~60 parts of stalk, 20~30 parts of corncob, 20~30 parts of rice hulls.
3. facility cultivation technique as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S1, straw compost fermentation packet
Include following steps:
It 1) is in mass ratio, that 1:1000 is uniformly mixed as spray solution with sterile water by zymophyte；
2) stalk, is layered on field, so that it is suctioned moisture using a small amount of multiple spray mode, and be inoculated with top fermentation bacterium；
3) stalk of damping, is piled into 2~4m of bottom width, the trapezoidal heap of high 1~2m, material heap surface is in plane, the row of being equipped in material heap
Stomata, and covered with plastic cloth, material heap temperature is monitored by thermometer；
4), when material temperature reaches 55 DEG C, has white powder high temperature streptomyces spectabilis to occur in material, first time turning；
5), when material temperature rises to 55 DEG C or more, keep 2~3d, until stalk at dark brown, has a large amount of powdery albefaction objects, no ammonia odor and
Expect tart flavour, i.e. fermentation ends.
4. facility cultivation technique as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the zymophyte is by streptomyces spectabilis, Bai Ke
Hall moral bacterium composition.
5. facility cultivation technique as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the stalk be rice straw, corn stover,
One of sesame stalk, wheat stalk.
6. facility cultivation technique as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S1, corncob compost fermentation
Include the following steps:
1) corncob, is laid in field, rolls and is ground out repeatedly, then repeatedly watering, keeps corncob wet；
2) corncob, is piled into 2~4m of bottom width, the trapezoidal heap of high 1~2m, material heap surface is in plane, after cover plastic foil；
3), ferment 4~5d, until corncob is dark brown, no ammonia odor and material tart flavour, i.e. fermentation ends.
7. facility cultivation technique as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S1, rice hulls compost fermentation
Include the following steps: rice hulls piling a pile, repeatedly watering keeps it wet, then covers 4~5d of plastics film fermentation, spare.
8. facility cultivation technique as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S4, when material temperature be down to 25 DEG C with
Stone when lower, first spread 2.5~3.5cm thickness stalk, on the corncob stirred evenly and rice hulls mixture, its is whole
Pat whole, width is consistent, and strain is then broken into walnut size, and by pan feeding, first layer sowing is completed in every three row of furrow sowing
Afterwards, be then covered with the stalk of 2.5~3.5cm thickness, on the corncob stirred evenly and rice hulls mixture, carry out the second layer broadcast
Kind, finally, the stalk for spreading 1~2cm thickness is covered, and take the native stalks mulching in a small amount of gutter.
9. facility cultivation technique as claimed in claim 1 or 8, which is characterized in that 9~12cm of spacing between the strain.
10. facility cultivation technique as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S2 planting site topography is flat, water
Source abundance is stablized, and soil property is sandy soil, and pH value is neutral or meta-alkalescence.
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