CN103650921B - Method for cultivating dictyophora rubrovolvata in bacteria stick bag-removing soil-covering mode through pine and China fir sawdust fermentation materials and sterilized materials - Google Patents
Method for cultivating dictyophora rubrovolvata in bacteria stick bag-removing soil-covering mode through pine and China fir sawdust fermentation materials and sterilized materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating dictyophora rubrovolvata in a bacteria stick bag-removing soil-covering mode through pine and China fir sawdust fermentation materials and sterilized materials. The method comprises the steps of (1) preprocessing of raw materials, (2) material stacking and fermentation, (3) bacteria stick cultivation, (4) bag-removing and soil-covering cultivation, (5) fruiting management and (6) harvesting. According to the method, pine and China fir sawdust fermentation cultivation is achieved, dictyophora rubrovolvata cultivation is changed into pine and China fir sawdust fermentation material cultivation from birch raw material cultivation, damage caused by dictyophora rubrovolvata industries to resources and pollution caused by random straw stacking and straw incineration to the environment are avoided, bacteria stick bag-removing soil-covering cultivation is achieved, distributed planting of the dictyophora rubrovolvata is changed into saving type planting comprising united fermentation and concentrated fruiting, and a modern scientific management mode is achieved. The workshop-style management mode of the dictyophora rubrovolvata is changed into a factory-like, standardized and anniversary production and business mode. Therefore, production efficiency is improved, the cost is reduced, and the foundation is laid for sustainable development of the Zhijin Dictyophora industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, the method for the de-bag soil covering culture Dictyophora rubrovalvata of especially a kind of loose China fir sawdust fermentation material grog bacterium rod.
Background technology
Dictyophora rubrovalvata (
dictyophora rubrovolvatam. Zang et al.), Phallaceae (
phallaceae), dictyophora phalloidea belong to (
dictyophora) fungi.For one of edible mushroom that Guizhou is most characteristic, be all in critical role in the whole nation.From the eighties in last century domesticating and cultivating success since, Dictyophora indusiata Cultivation pattern, all with birch log for planting material, be split into wide 6 ~ 10cm, thick 3 ~ 4cm, the wood particle of long 20 ~ 25cm, after boiling, in the booth of vegetation structure, adopt the cropping pattern of the two-layer bacterial classification of two-layer material, make wide 50 ~ 60cm wide, the bacterium bed that length is not limit, utilize humus soil to cover, pine needle draining, natural conditions temperature and humidity control, plantation dispersion, extensive management, doctrine, the usually underproduction or total crop failure because of arid or flood weather.Due to the felling of trees, the destruction of environment, production efficiency low, managerial extensive, makes the fast transformation of dictyophora phalloidea Industry Development Pattern become the only way out.
So, Dictyophora rubrovalvata substitutes the searching of planting material, the innovation of culture technique, probing into of intensive management pattern, and become the technical bottleneck of restriction Zhijin dictyophora phalloidea industry development, the tackling key problem about correlation technique is extremely urgent.China's Forest Resources is enriched, and national forest land area is 30378.19 ten thousand hectares, and area of woods is 19333.00 ten thousand hectares, and it is 145.54 billion cubic meters that live standing tree is always accumulated, and management volume is 133.63 billion cubic meters.Wherein pine, China fir trees are the forest resources that China enriches the most, and its timber reserves accounts for the over half of total accumulation, and in industrial or agricultural material, larch fir accounts for again more than 60% of total flow, can produce the wood chip of more than 1,000 ten thousand tons according to statistics every year.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: the method that the de-bag soil covering culture Dictyophora rubrovalvata of a kind of loose China fir sawdust fermentation material grog bacterium rod is provided, it solve dictyophora phalloidea industry and problem to environment is dealt with improperly to the destruction of resource and loose China fir sawdust, and improve the production efficiency of dictyophora phalloidea, reduce production cost, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
The present invention is achieved in that the method for the de-bag soil covering culture Dictyophora rubrovalvata of loose China fir sawdust fermentation material grog bacterium rod, comprises the steps:
1) pre-treatment of raw material: collect without mould loose China fir sawdust, be the limewash of 2% with mass percent concentration, pull after the ratio being 1:2 soaks 24-48 hour in material water volume ratio, and with clear water rinse water to outflow not muddy, drain away the water, obtain pretreated loose China fir sawdust for subsequent use;
2) windrow fermentation: calculate according to parts by weight, by pretreated 80 parts, loose China fir sawdust and 13 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of fermenting agents, 0.5 part of land plaster, add urea and regulate the C/N of compound than being 30-40:1, fully adding water to water content after mixing is 60-65%; Compound heap is made fermentation bed and carries out heat-preservation ventilating fermentation, when heap temperature reaches more than 60 DEG C, maintain after 24 hours, carry out first time turning, and add 0.5 part of land plaster and 0.5 part of superphosphate, fully after mixing, continue to build heap fermentation; When heap temperature reaches more than 60 DEG C again, keep after 48 hours, carry out second time turning, and add 0.5 part of superphosphate, fully after mixing, again build heap fermentation; After this, every turning in 3-4 days once, turning 3-5 time, until when heap temperature drops to less than 40 DEG C or normal temperature, cooling that fermentation material is scattered, fermentation ends, obtains loose China fir sawdust fermentation material; The loose China fir sawdust fermentation material color obtained is sepia, and tool earth is fragrant, without ammonia, the peculiar smell such as smelly, sour, and the more white hypha of appearance in material, matter is soft;
3) bacterium rod is cultivated: calculate by weight, by step 2) the loose China fir sawdust fermentation material 96 parts that obtains and 2 parts of analysis for soybean powder, 1 part of land plaster, 0.9 part of white sugar, 0.1 part of KH
2pO
4and after 60-65 part water fully mixes, load in knuckle bacterium bag and carry out sterilizing, then adopt two-sided punching inoculation method, access bacterial classification block, put outer bag and move on to and send out in bacterium room, at 24-26 DEG C, lucifuge is cultivated and is sent out a bacterium; Send out bacterium and terminate rear acquisition Dictyophora rubrovalvata bacterium rod;
4) de-bag soil covering culture: the deep layer vegetable garden soil first excavating below 10cm, cross 2cm sieve, being mixed into 5kg lime by every cubic metre and spraying mass percent concentration is the formalin 1L of 0.5%, and plastic covering membrane stack is after 3-5 days, after the sieve of 1cm, get the fine earth of 1cm sieve as overburden soil, do not cross the thick soil of 1cm sieve as base soil, and add water in overburden soil and base soil, make its water content be 60-65%; Meanwhile, collect without going mouldy the dry and soft pin that falls then, by 1L/m
3amount evenly spray the formalin that mass percent concentration is 0.5%, sealing 3-5 days; Within 2-3 days in advance, by fruiting booth leveling sterilization, after the de-bag of bacterium rod, end to end tight yaw, on level land, covers the overburden soil of thick layer 4-5cm and the pine needle of thick layer 1-2cm, is made into fruiting bacterium bed;
5) management of producing mushroom: between bacterium bed bacteria developing period, control temperature is 24-26 DEG C, air humidity nature, lucifuge, each ventilation sooner or later 30 minutes every day; After 15-20 days, mycelia grows native face, increases air humidity to 75-85% simultaneously, and keeps pine needle to be in moisture state to bed surface sprinkling water smoke, control nocturnal temperature is 15-20 DEG C, and day temperature is 24-28 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 100 ~ 200lux, sooner or later each ventilation 1 hour, stimulates the differentiation of former base; After 7-10 days, former base is grown up and is formed little button, and now indoor air humidity should be down to 65-70%, temperature remains on 23-25 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is constant, and bacterium bed surface moisture is still for keeping pine needle to be in moisture state, and ventilate 3-4 time every day, each time is 1 hour; After 25 ~ 30d, button maturation starts broken shell and forms fruit body;
6) gather: commodity button gathers pinnacle phase button, and plucking time is 10-12 point in the morning, hold button on the other hand during harvesting, button is cut off from base portion by another hand pocket knife; Fruit body Harvest time is spreading in skirt process after broken shell, but end of must gathering before the self-dissolving phase, plucking time is the morning, and pinch volva on the other hand during harvesting, another hand pocket knife is cut off from the base portion of volva.In button and fruit body recovery process, try not to destroy the button of mycelia below and surrounding.
In step 2) in, when compound heap is made fermentation bed, bottom stockpile, spread stalk or straw mat that thick layer 2-3cm prewets.In order to ventilation.
In step 3), send out in bacterium process, the reduction of fractions to a common denominator at noon every day 30 minutes, sprout at bacterial classification and in material feeding process, observe the pollution condition of bacterium rod, and remove the bacterium rod polluted in time.General whole process need carries out three times and removes contamination, and removes contamination for the last time when each vaccination mycelia is connected.
Step 2) in fermenting agent be more than nature stack retting February loose China fir sawdust natural microorganisms flora, specifically refer to: directly gather the sawdust without insect pest within the loose cedar sawdust heap surface to 10cm of field nature stack retting more than 12 months, direct use does not need other activation; Or it is 60 ~ 65% that the moisture that added water by the fresh loose China fir sawdust that collection comes is adjusted to water content, then natural composting, every 15d turning once, water content is between 60 ~ 65% all to want adjusting water content to ensure during each turning, and namely composting can be used as the fermentation of loose China fir sawdust natural microorganisms flora for loose cedar sawdust after 2 months.
Sterilizing described in step 3) is divided into autoclaving or normal-pressure sterilization; Autoclaved temperature is 121 DEG C, pressure 0.15Mpa, and the time is 2-3 hour; The temperature of the sterilizing of normal pressure is 95-105 DEG C, time 8-12 hour.
The described C/N regulating fermentation material with urea, specifically refers to: the addition of urea is according to formula
calculate.Wherein, y is that urea adds percentage, C
1for loose China fir sawdust phosphorus content 44.8%, χ
1for loose China fir sawdust addition 80%, C
2for wheat bran phosphorus content 44.74%, χ
2for wheat bran addition 13%, N
1for loose China fir sawdust nitrogen content 0.13%, N
2be urea nitrogen content 46.2% for wheat bran nitrogen content 2.2%, K is fermentation material target C/N, N.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, compared with prior art, present invention achieves the training of loose China fir sawdust fermentation material, make Dictyophora rubrovalvata cultivate the transformation of being cultivated to loose China fir sawdust fermentation material by birch cultivation in raw material, solve dictyophora phalloidea industry to the destruction of resource with stack arbitrarily and burn loose China fir sawdust and bring pollution to environment; Achieve the de-bag soil covering culture of bacterium rod, Dictyophora rubrovalvata is planted by distributing and sends out bacterium to unified, concentrate the economizing type of fruiting to change; Achieve modern Scientific Management Model.Dictyophora rubrovalvata is changed to the production management planning in batch production, standardization, anniversary by the management mode of small workshop mode.Thus improve production efficiency, reduce cost, for the sustainable development of Zhijin dictyophora phalloidea industry is laid a good foundation.The present invention is simple, with low cost, and result of use is good.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention 1: the method for the de-bag soil covering culture Dictyophora rubrovalvata of loose China fir sawdust fermentation material grog bacterium rod, comprises the steps:
1) pre-treatment of raw material: collect without mould loose China fir sawdust, be the limewash of 2% with mass percent concentration, pull after the ratio being 1:2 soaks 48 hours in material water volume ratio, and with clear water rinse water to outflow not muddy, drain away the water, obtain pretreated loose China fir sawdust for subsequent use;
2) windrow fermentation: calculate according to parts by weight, by pretreated 80 parts, loose China fir sawdust and 13 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of fermenting agents, 0.5 part of land plaster, add urea and regulates the C/N of compound than being 35:1, adding water to water content after fully mixing is 60-65%, compound heap is made high 1.5m, the turtleback shape fermentation bed of wide 1.2m, length 6.0m by concrete floor, and bottom stockpile, spreads the straw mat that thick layer 2-3cm prewets, in order to ventilation, and be that the wooden stick of 3-4cm makes a call to 1 ventilation hole at the horizontal and vertical interval 50cm of heap body with diameter, covered with sunshade net heat-preservation ventilating, and insert thermometer, the temperature of body is once piled in observation in every 12 hours, when heap temperature reaches more than 60 DEG C, maintain after 24 hours, carry out first time turning, during turning, outer layered material is toward varus, interior layered material turns over outward, and add 0.5 part of land plaster and 0.5 part of superphosphate, fully after mixing, again heap fermentation is built to fermentation material according to the method for building heap, when heap temperature reaches again more than 60 DEG C, keep after 48 hours, carry out second time turning, during turning, outer layered material is toward varus, interior layered material turns over outward, and add 0.5 part of superphosphate, after abundant mixing, same method builds heap fermentation again, tend to be steady due to the temperature of piling body after second time turning and reach the fermentation megathermal period, after this every turning in 3 days once, in fermentation process, pine China fir sawdust heap body maximum temperature reaches 67.7 DEG C, maintain more than 55 DEG C before third time turning always, temperature declines gradually afterwards, be down within 40 DEG C after 4th turning, find that there is slight insect pest during third time turning, now spray the dichlorvos 20L of 0.5, fermentation was by the 25th day, and during fermentation, heap temperature is about 35 DEG C, cooling of being scattered by fermentation material, fermentation ends, and acquisitions color is sepia, and tool earth is fragrant, without ammonia, the peculiar smell such as smelly, sour, expected the loose China fir sawdust fermentation material that the more white hypha of interior appearance, matter are soft,
The concrete preparation of fermenting agent is: directly gather the sawdust without insect pest within the loose cedar sawdust heap surface to 10cm of field nature stack retting more than 12 months, direct use does not need other activation;
3) bacterium rod is cultivated: calculate by weight, by step 2) the loose China fir sawdust fermentation material 96 parts that obtains and 2 parts of analysis for soybean powder, 1 part of land plaster, 0.9 part of white sugar, 0.1 part of KH
2pO
4and after 60-65 part water fully mixes, load in 17x55x0.007cm polypropylene knuckle bacterium bag, totally 900 bags, carry out autoclaving, sterilising temp is 121 DEG C, and pressure is 0.15Mpa, and the time is 3 hours; When being cooled to below 30 DEG C, adopt two-sided punching inoculation method, namely first 3 holes are evenly made a call in the one side of bacterium rod, aperture is 2-3cm, hole depth is the half of bacterium rod diameter, more mutually staggers at the another side of bacterium rod, makes a call to 4 holes, then the bacterial classification block that access is similar with inoculation mouth size, puts outer bag and moves on in a bacterium room; At 24-26 DEG C, lucifuge is cultivated and is sent out bacterium; Send out in bacterium process, the reduction of fractions to a common denominator at noon every day 30 minutes, after 2-3d, bacterial classification is sprouted, observe the pollution condition of bacterium rod and remove 21 contaminated bacterium rods, after 10-15 days, mycelia material feeding, carries out second time blowdown, removes contaminated bacteria rod 51, after 40-50 days, each vaccination mycelia is connected, now remove contamination for the last time, remove contaminated bacteria rod 16, now bacterium rod is cultivated and is terminated to take off a bag earthing, finally, 812 bacterium rods are obtained altogether;
4) de-bag soil covering culture: the deep layer vegetable garden soil first excavating below 10cm, cross 2cm sieve, being mixed into 5kg lime by every cubic metre and spraying mass percent concentration is the formalin 1L of 0.5%, and plastic covering membrane stack is after 3-5 days, after the sieve of 1cm, got the fine earth of 1cm sieve as overburden soil, do not cross the thick soil of 1cm sieve as base soil, and to add water to soil moisture content be 60-65%; Meanwhile, collect without going mouldy the dry and soft pin that falls then, by 1L/m
3amount evenly spray the formalin that mass percent concentration is 0.5%, sealing 3-5 days; After above-mentioned cultured bacterium bag 270 de-bags, 3 bags of parallel in banks in fruiting canopy, end to end close-packed arrays, and cover the overburden soil of thick layer 4-5cm and the pine needle of thick layer 1-2cm, be made into out wide 40cm mushroom bacterium bed, between bacterium bed, stay the passageway of 20cm; Fruiting booth is for rising 3.5m, shoulder height 2.0m, wide 8-10m, the long steel-framed structural greenhouse do not limit, wherein film is 12 PEP black and white reflective membranes, open the door in front and back, canopy both sides have far from 30-50cm place, ground can have fly net in the ventilation strip of freedom retractable, apart from 150cm place, ground, has the square printing opacity mouth of 30cm, spacing is that 2 ~ 3m can free switch, there is water smoke lance system in canopy, mushroom producing room, have the intelligence control system of temp. and humidity, intensity of illumination and ventilation, mushroom producing multi-layer shelf has water smoke automatic sprinkling system, 2-3 days in advance by fruiting booth leveling sterilization;
5) management of producing mushroom: between bacterium bed bacteria developing period, control temperature is 24-26 DEG C, air humidity nature, lucifuge, each ventilation sooner or later 30 minutes every day; After 15-20 days, mycelia grows native face, increases air humidity to 75-85% simultaneously, and keeps pine needle to be in moisture state to bed surface sprinkling water smoke, and open ventilation strip, increase day and night temperature, controlling nocturnal temperature is 18 DEG C; Note daytime preventing high temperature, temperature is too high can stronger ventilation time or spray the water-atomization cooling of about 5s, temperature of shed is made to remain on about 24 DEG C, intensity of illumination is 100 ~ 200lux(or light in fruiting canopy is advisable when can see the word on newspaper clearly apart from the distance of about 10cm), sooner or later each ventilation 1 hour, stimulates the differentiation of former base; After 7 days, former base starts to be formed, indoor air humidity is down to 65%, temperature remains on 23-25 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is constant, and bacterium bed surface moisture is still for keeping pine needle to be in moisture state, suitable increase ventilation frequency, every day ventilates 3-4 time, and each time is 1 hour, promotes growth and the broken shell of button, suppress the generation of damage by disease and insect, make button grow consistent also fruiting unified; After 25 ~ 30d, button maturation starts broken shell and forms fruit body;
6) gather: commodity button gathers pinnacle phase button, and plucking time is 10-12 point in the morning, hold button on the other hand during harvesting, button is cut off from base portion by another hand pocket knife; Fruit body Harvest time is spread in skirt process after broken shell, but end of must gathering before the self-dissolving phase, plucking time is the morning, volva is pinched on the other hand during harvesting, another hand pocket knife is cut off from the base portion of volva, in button and fruit body recovery process, try not to destroy the button of mycelia below and surrounding.
Adopt the method for embodiment 1, start at the beginning of 3 months to build heap fermentation, late March inoculated and cultured bacterium rod, the first tenday period of a month in May take off bag earthing, and early July starts to pluck, and pluck mid-September first batch and terminate.Adopt fresh bamboo egg 48.3kg altogether, dry dictyophora phalloidea 3.34kg.
Embodiments of the invention 2: the method for the de-bag soil covering culture Dictyophora rubrovalvata of loose China fir sawdust fermentation material grog bacterium rod, comprises the steps:
1) pre-treatment of raw material: collect without mould loose China fir sawdust, be the limewash of 2% with mass percent concentration, pull after the ratio being 1:2 soaks 24 hours in material water volume ratio, and with clear water rinse water to outflow not muddy, drain away the water, obtain pretreated loose China fir sawdust for subsequent use;
2) windrow fermentation: calculate according to parts by weight, by pretreated 80 parts, loose China fir sawdust and 13 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of fermenting agents, 0.5 part of land plaster, add urea and regulates the C/N of compound than being 35:1, adding water to water content after fully mixing is 60-65%; Compound heap is made high 1.5m, the turtleback shape fermentation bed of wide 1.2m, length 6.0m by concrete floor, and bottom stockpile, spreads the straw mat that thick layer 2-3cm prewets, in order to ventilation; And be that the wooden stick of 3-4cm makes a call to 1 ventilation hole at the horizontal and vertical interval 50cm of heap body with diameter, covered with sunshade net heat-preservation ventilating, and insert thermometer, the temperature of body is once piled in observation in every 12 hours, when heap temperature reaches more than 60 DEG C, maintain after 24 hours, carry out first time turning, during turning, outer layered material is toward varus, interior layered material turns over outward, and add 0.5 part of land plaster and 0.5 part of superphosphate, fully after mixing, again heap fermentation is built to fermentation material according to the method for building heap; When heap temperature reaches again more than 60 DEG C, keep after 48 hours, carry out second time turning, during turning, outer layered material is toward varus, interior layered material turns over outward, and add 0.5 part of superphosphate, after abundant mixing, same method builds heap fermentation again, tends to be steady and reach the fermentation megathermal period due to the temperature of piling body after second time turning, after this every 3d turning once, in fermentation process, stalk heap body maximum temperature reaches 67.7 DEG C, maintains more than 55 DEG C before third time turning always, temperature declines gradually afterwards, has been down within 40 DEG C after the 4th turning; Find that there is slight insect pest during third time turning, now spray the dichlorvos 20L of 0.5; Fermentation was by the 25th day, and during fermentation, heap temperature is about 35 DEG C, cooling of being scattered by fermentation material, fermentation ends, and acquisitions color is sepia, and tool earth is fragrant, without ammonia, the peculiar smell such as smelly, sour, expected the loose China fir sawdust fermentation material that the more white hypha of interior appearance, matter are soft;
The concrete preparation of fermenting agent is: it is 60 ~ 65% that the moisture that added water by the fresh loose China fir sawdust that collection comes is adjusted to water content, then natural composting, every 15d turning once, water content is between 60 ~ 65% all to want adjusting water content to ensure during each turning, and namely composting can be used as the fermentation of loose China fir sawdust natural microorganisms flora for loose cedar sawdust after 2 months;
3) bacterium rod is cultivated: calculate by weight, by step 2) the loose China fir sawdust fermentation material 96 parts that obtains and 2 parts of analysis for soybean powder, 1 part of land plaster, 0.9 part of white sugar, 0.1 part of KH
2pO
4and after 60-65 part water fully mixes, load in 17x55x0.007cm polypropylene knuckle bacterium bag, totally 900 bags, carry out autoclaving, sterilising temp is 121 DEG C, and pressure is 0.15Mpa, and the time is 3 hours; When being cooled to below 30 DEG C, adopt two-sided punching inoculation method, namely first 3 holes are evenly made a call in the one side of bacterium rod, aperture is 2-3cm, hole depth is the half of bacterium rod diameter, more mutually staggers at the another side of bacterium rod, makes a call to 4 holes, then the bacterial classification block that access is similar with inoculation mouth size, puts outer bag and moves on in a bacterium room; At 24-26 DEG C, lucifuge is cultivated and is sent out bacterium; Send out in bacterium process, the reduction of fractions to a common denominator at noon every day 30 minutes, after 2-3d, bacterial classification is sprouted, observe the pollution condition of bacterium rod and remove 21 contaminated bacterium rods, after 10-15 days, mycelia material feeding, carries out second time blowdown, removes contaminated bacteria rod 51, after 40-50 days, each vaccination mycelia is connected, now remove contamination for the last time, remove contaminated bacteria rod 16, now bacterium rod is cultivated and is terminated to take off a bag earthing, finally, 812 bacterium rods are obtained altogether;
4) de-bag soil covering culture: the deep layer vegetable garden soil first excavating below 10cm, cross 2cm sieve, being mixed into 5kg lime by every cubic metre and spraying mass percent concentration is the formalin 1L of 0.5%, and plastic covering membrane stack is after 3-5 days, after the sieve of 1cm, get the fine earth of 1cm sieve as overburden soil, do not cross the thick soil of 1cm sieve as base soil, and to add water to soil moisture content be that namely 60%(pinch with hand can be agglomerating, can scatter when falling on the ground), meanwhile, collect without going mouldy the dry and soft pin that falls then, by 1L/m
3amount evenly spray the formalin that mass percent concentration is 0.5%, sealing 3-5 days, after above-mentioned cultured bacterium bag 270 de-bags, plantation is at wide 40cm, high 20cm, in the plastics Turnround basket of long 60cm, bottom paving one deck leaves the film of draining air-vent, repave the base soil of thick layer 5 ~ 6cm, then the end to end tight bag bacterium rod yaw that will take off is on level land, every basket of 3 bacterium rods, cover the overburden soil of thick layer 4 ~ 5cm and the pine needle of thick layer 1 ~ 2cm, be made into portable plastics Turnround basket fruiting bacterium bed, and be sent on mushroom producing room layer frame, layer frame two parallel in banks, the operation road that 80cm is wide is stayed between row, before moving into mushroom producing room, 2 days in advance to mushroom producing room disinfection,
5) management of producing mushroom: between bacterium bed bacteria developing period, control temperature is 24-26 DEG C, air humidity nature, lucifuge, each ventilation sooner or later 30 minutes every day; After 15-20 days, mycelia grows native face, increases air humidity to 75-85% simultaneously, and keeps pine needle to be in moisture state to bed surface sprinkling water smoke, and open ventilation strip, increase day and night temperature, controlling nocturnal temperature is 18 DEG C; Note daytime preventing high temperature, temperature is too high can stronger ventilation time or spray the water-atomization cooling of about 5s, temperature of shed is made to remain on about 24 DEG C, intensity of illumination is 100 ~ 200lux(or fruiting indoor light is advisable when can see the word on newspaper clearly apart from the distance of about 10cm), sooner or later each ventilation 1 hour, stimulates the differentiation of former base; After 7 days, former base starts to be formed, indoor air humidity is down to 65%, temperature remains on 23-25 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is constant, and bacterium bed surface moisture is still for keeping pine needle to be in moisture state, suitable increase ventilation frequency, every day ventilates 3-4 time, and each time is 1 hour, promotes growth and the broken shell of button, suppress the generation of damage by disease and insect, make button grow consistent also fruiting unified; After 25 ~ 30d, button maturation starts broken shell and forms fruit body;
6) gather: commodity button gathers pinnacle phase button, and plucking time is 10-12 point in the morning, hold button on the other hand during harvesting, button is cut off from base portion by another hand pocket knife; Fruit body Harvest time is spread in skirt process after broken shell, but end of must gathering before the self-dissolving phase, plucking time is the morning, volva is pinched on the other hand during harvesting, another hand pocket knife is cut off from the base portion of volva, in button and fruit body recovery process, try not to destroy the button of mycelia below and surrounding.
Adopt embodiment 2, late March inoculated and cultured bacterium rod, the first tenday period of a month in May take off bag earthing, and early July starts to pluck, and pluck mid-September first batch and terminate.Adopt fresh bamboo egg 52.7kg altogether, dry dictyophora phalloidea 2.8kg.
Embodiments of the invention 3: the method for the de-bag soil covering culture Dictyophora rubrovalvata of loose China fir sawdust fermentation material grog bacterium rod, comprises the steps:
1) pre-treatment of raw material: collect without mould loose China fir sawdust, be the limewash of 2% with mass percent concentration, pull after the ratio being 1:2 soaks 48 hours in material water volume ratio, and with clear water rinse water to outflow not muddy, drain away the water, obtain pretreated loose China fir sawdust for subsequent use;
2) windrow fermentation: calculate according to parts by weight, by pretreated 80 parts, loose China fir sawdust and 13 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of fermenting agents, 0.5 part of land plaster, add urea and regulates the C/N of compound than being 35:1, adding water to water content after fully mixing is 60-65%; Compound heap is made high 1.5m, the turtleback shape fermentation bed of wide 1.2m, length 6.0m by concrete floor, and bottom stockpile, spreads the straw mat that thick layer 2-3cm prewets, in order to ventilation; And be that the wooden stick of 3-4cm makes a call to 1 ventilation hole at the horizontal and vertical interval 50cm of heap body with diameter, covered with sunshade net heat-preservation ventilating, and insert thermometer, the temperature of body is once piled in observation in every 12 hours, when heap temperature reaches more than 60 DEG C, maintain after 24 hours, carry out first time turning, during turning, outer layered material is toward varus, interior layered material turns over outward, and add 0.5 part of land plaster and 0.5 part of superphosphate, fully after mixing, again heap fermentation is built to fermentation material according to the method for building heap; When heap temperature reaches again more than 60 DEG C, keep after 48 hours, carry out second time turning, during turning, outer layered material is toward varus, interior layered material turns over outward, and add 0.5 part of superphosphate, after abundant mixing, same method builds heap fermentation again, tends to be steady and reach the fermentation megathermal period due to the temperature of piling body after second time turning, after this every 3d turning once, in fermentation process, stalk heap body maximum temperature reaches 67.7 DEG C, maintains more than 55 DEG C before third time turning always, temperature declines gradually afterwards, has been down within 40 DEG C after the 4th turning; Find that there is slight insect pest during third time turning, now spray the dichlorvos 20L of 0.5; Fermentation was by the 25th day, and during fermentation, heap temperature is about 35 DEG C, cooling of being scattered by fermentation material, fermentation ends, and acquisitions color is sepia, and tool earth is fragrant, without ammonia, the peculiar smell such as smelly, sour, expected the loose China fir sawdust fermentation material that the more white hypha of interior appearance, matter are soft;
The concrete preparation of fermenting agent is: directly gather the sawdust without insect pest within the loose cedar sawdust heap surface to 10cm of field nature stack retting more than 12 months, direct use does not need other activation;
3) bacterium rod is cultivated: calculate by weight, by step 2) the loose China fir sawdust fermentation material 96 parts that obtains and 2 parts of analysis for soybean powder, 1 part of land plaster, 0.9 part of white sugar, 0.1 part of KH
2pO
4and after 60-65 part water fully mixes, load in 17x55x0.007cm polypropylene knuckle bacterium bag, totally 900 bags, carry out autoclaving, sterilising temp is 121 DEG C, and pressure is 0.15Mpa, and the time is 3 hours; When being cooled to below 30 DEG C, adopt two-sided punching inoculation method, namely first 3 holes are evenly made a call in the one side of bacterium rod, aperture is 2-3cm, hole depth is the half of bacterium rod diameter, more mutually staggers at the another side of bacterium rod, makes a call to 4 holes, then the bacterial classification block that access is similar with inoculation mouth size, puts outer bag and moves on in a bacterium room; At 24-26 DEG C, lucifuge is cultivated and is sent out bacterium; Send out in bacterium process, the reduction of fractions to a common denominator at noon every day 30 minutes, after 2-3d, bacterial classification is sprouted, observe the pollution condition of bacterium rod and remove 21 contaminated bacterium rods, after 10-15 days, mycelia material feeding, carries out second time blowdown, removes contaminated bacteria rod 51, after 40-50 days, each vaccination mycelia is connected, now remove contamination for the last time, remove contaminated bacteria rod 16, now bacterium rod is cultivated and is terminated to take off a bag earthing, finally, 812 bacterium rods are obtained altogether;
4) de-bag soil covering culture: the deep layer vegetable garden soil first excavating below 10cm, cross 2cm sieve, being mixed into 5kg lime by every cubic metre and spraying mass percent concentration is the formalin 1L of 0.5%, and plastic covering membrane stack is after 3-5 days, after the sieve of 1cm, get the fine earth of 1cm sieve as overburden soil, do not cross the thick soil of 1cm sieve as base soil, and to add water to soil moisture content be that namely 60%(pinch with hand can be agglomerating, can scatter when falling on the ground), meanwhile, collect without going mouldy the dry and soft pin that falls then, by 1L/m
3amount evenly spray the formalin that mass percent concentration is 0.5%, sealing 3-5 days, after above-mentioned cultured bacterium bag 270 de-bags, plantation is at wide 40cm, high 20cm, in the plastic pallet of long 125cm, draining air-vent aperture is left in bottom, repave the base soil of thick layer 5-6cm, then the end to end tight bag bacterium rod yaw that will take off is on level land, each pallet 6 bacterium rods, cover the overburden soil of thick layer 4-5cm and the pine needle of thick layer 1-2cm, be made into portable plastics Turnround basket fruiting bacterium bed, and be sent on mushroom producing room layer frame, layer frame two parallel in banks, the operation road that 80cm is wide is stayed between row, before moving into mushroom producing room, 2 days in advance to mushroom producing room disinfection,
5) management of producing mushroom: between bacterium bed bacteria developing period, control temperature is 24-26 DEG C, air humidity nature, lucifuge, each ventilation sooner or later 30 minutes every day; After 15-20 days, mycelia grows native face, increases air humidity to 75-85% simultaneously, and keeps pine needle to be in moisture state to bed surface sprinkling water smoke, and open ventilation strip, increase day and night temperature, controlling nocturnal temperature is 18 DEG C; Note daytime preventing high temperature, temperature is too high can stronger ventilation time or spray the water-atomization cooling of about 5s, temperature of shed is made to remain on about 24 DEG C, intensity of illumination is that 100 ~ 200lux(or fruiting indoor light are advisable when can see the word on newspaper clearly apart from the distance of about 10cm), sooner or later each ventilation 1 hour, stimulates the differentiation of former base; After 7 days, former base starts to be formed, indoor air humidity is down to 65%, temperature remains on 23-25 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is constant, and bacterium bed surface moisture is still for keeping pine needle to be in moisture state, suitable increase ventilation frequency, every day ventilates 3-4 time, and each time is 1 hour, promotes growth and the broken shell of button, suppress the generation of damage by disease and insect, make button grow consistent also fruiting unified; After 25 ~ 30d, button maturation starts broken shell and forms fruit body;
6) gather: commodity button gathers pinnacle phase button, and plucking time is 10-12 point in the morning, hold button on the other hand during harvesting, button is cut off from base portion by another hand pocket knife; Fruit body Harvest time is spread in skirt process after broken shell, but end of must gathering before the self-dissolving phase, plucking time is the morning, volva is pinched on the other hand during harvesting, another hand pocket knife is cut off from the base portion of volva, in button and fruit body recovery process, try not to destroy the button of mycelia below and surrounding.
Adopt embodiment 3, late March inoculated and cultured bacterium rod, the first tenday period of a month in May take off bag earthing, and early July starts to pluck, and pluck mid-September first batch and terminate.Adopt fresh bamboo egg 48.9.0kg altogether, dry dictyophora phalloidea 3.06kg.
Claims (4)
1. a method for the de-bag soil covering culture Dictyophora rubrovalvata of loose China fir sawdust fermentation material grog bacterium rod, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1) pre-treatment of raw material: collect without mould loose China fir sawdust, be the limewash of 2% with mass percent concentration, pull after the ratio being 1:2 soaks 24-48 hour in material water volume ratio, and with clear water rinse water to outflow not muddy, drain away the water, obtain pretreated loose China fir sawdust for subsequent use;
2) windrow fermentation: calculate according to parts by weight, by pretreated 80 parts, loose China fir sawdust and 13 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of fermenting agents, 0.5 part of land plaster, add urea and regulate the C/N of compound than being 30-40:1, fully adding water to water content after mixing is 60-65%; Compound heap is made fermentation bed and carries out heat-preservation ventilating fermentation, when heap temperature reaches more than 60 DEG C, maintain after 24 hours, carry out first time turning, and add 0.5 part of land plaster and 0.5 part of superphosphate, fully after mixing, continue to build heap fermentation; When heap temperature reaches more than 60 DEG C again, keep after 48 hours, carry out second time turning, and add 0.5 part of superphosphate, fully after mixing, again build heap fermentation; After this, every turning in 3-4 days once, turning 3-5 time altogether, until when heap temperature drops to below 40 DEG C, cooling that fermentation material is scattered, fermentation ends, obtains loose China fir sawdust fermentation material; Described fermenting agent is loose China fir sawdust natural microorganisms flora more than nature stack retting February, specifically refer to: directly gather the sawdust without insect pest within the loose cedar sawdust heap surface to 10cm of field nature stack retting more than 12 months, direct use does not need other activation; Or it is 60 ~ 65% that the moisture that added water by the fresh loose China fir sawdust that collection comes is adjusted to water content, then natural composting, every 15d turning once, water content is between 60 ~ 65% all to want adjusting water content to ensure during each turning, and namely composting can be used as the fermentation of loose China fir sawdust natural microorganisms flora for loose cedar sawdust after 2 months;
3) bacterium rod is cultivated: calculate by weight, by step 2) the loose China fir sawdust fermentation material 96 parts that obtains and 2 parts of analysis for soybean powder, 1 part of land plaster, 0.9 part of white sugar, 0.1 part of KH
2pO
4and after 60-65 part water fully mixes, load in knuckle bacterium bag and carry out sterilizing, then adopt two-sided punching inoculation method, access bacterial classification block, put outer bag and move on to and send out in bacterium room, at 24 ~ 26 DEG C, lucifuge is cultivated and is sent out a bacterium; Send out bacterium and terminate rear acquisition Dictyophora rubrovalvata bacterium rod;
4) de-bag soil covering culture: the deep layer vegetable garden soil first excavating below 10cm, cross 2cm sieve, being mixed into 5kg lime by every cubic metre and spraying mass percent concentration is the formalin 1L of 0.5%, and plastic covering membrane stack is after 3-5 days, after the sieve of 1cm, get the fine earth of 1cm sieve as overburden soil, do not cross the thick soil of 1cm sieve as base soil, and add water in overburden soil and base soil, make its water content be 60-65%; Meanwhile, collect without going mouldy the dry and soft pin that falls then, by 1L/m
3amount evenly spray the formalin that mass percent concentration is 0.5%, sealing 3-5 days; Within 2-3 days in advance, by fruiting booth leveling sterilization, after the de-bag of bacterium rod, end to end tight yaw, on level land, covers the overburden soil of thick layer 4-5cm and the pine needle of thick layer 1-2cm, is made into fruiting bacterium bed;
5) management of producing mushroom: between bacterium bed bacteria developing period, control temperature is 24-26 DEG C, air humidity nature, lucifuge, each ventilation sooner or later 30 minutes every day; After 15-20 days, mycelia grows native face, increases air humidity to 75-85% simultaneously, and keeps pine needle to be in moisture state to bed surface sprinkling water smoke, control nocturnal temperature is 15-20 DEG C, and day temperature is 24-28 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 100 ~ 200lux, sooner or later each ventilation 1 hour, stimulates the differentiation of former base; After 7-10 days, former base is grown up and is formed little button, and now indoor air humidity is down to 65-70%, temperature remains on 23-25 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is constant, and bacterium bed surface moisture is still for keeping pine needle to be in moisture state, and ventilate 3-4 time every day, each time is 1 hour; After 25 ~ 30d, button maturation starts broken shell and forms fruit body;
6) gather: commodity button gathers pinnacle phase button, and plucking time is 10-12 point in the morning, hold button on the other hand during harvesting, button is cut off from base portion by another hand pocket knife; Fruit body Harvest time is spreading in skirt process after broken shell, but end of must gathering before the self-dissolving phase, plucking time is the morning, and pinch volva on the other hand during harvesting, another hand pocket knife is cut off from the base portion of volva.
2. the method for the de-bag soil covering culture Dictyophora rubrovalvata of loose China fir sawdust fermentation material grog bacterium rod according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 2) in, when compound heap is made fermentation bed, bottom stockpile, spread stalk or straw mat that thick layer 2-3cm prewets.
3. the method for the de-bag soil covering culture Dictyophora rubrovalvata of loose China fir sawdust fermentation material grog bacterium rod according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 3), send out in bacterium process, ventilate noon every day 30 minutes, sprout at bacterial classification and in material feeding process, observe the pollution condition of bacterium rod, and removing the bacterium rod polluted in time.
4. the method for the de-bag soil covering culture Dictyophora rubrovalvata of loose China fir sawdust fermentation material grog bacterium rod according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the sterilizing described in step 3) is divided into autoclaving or normal-pressure sterilization; Autoclaved temperature is 121 DEG C, pressure 0.15Mpa, and the time is 2-3 hour; The temperature of the sterilizing of normal pressure is 95-105 DEG C, 8 ~ 12 hours time.
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