CN105993585A - Method for fungal bed cultivation of dictyophora by using coix seed straw fermented material - Google Patents
Method for fungal bed cultivation of dictyophora by using coix seed straw fermented material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105993585A CN105993585A CN201610313520.7A CN201610313520A CN105993585A CN 105993585 A CN105993585 A CN 105993585A CN 201610313520 A CN201610313520 A CN 201610313520A CN 105993585 A CN105993585 A CN 105993585A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for fungal bed cultivation of dictyophora by using a coix seed straw fermented material. According to the method, a mixture of coix seed straws and sawdust of pine and Chinese fir trees is used as a main material for culture, and a mode of culturing with birch raw materials is replaced, so that the problems of damages to resources caused by the dictyophora industry and pollution to the environment caused by randomly stacking and burning straws are solved; and by adopting a fungal bed cultivation mode, culture materials are directly put on a fungal bed, inoculating strains, and spawn running management is performed directly for producing mushrooms, so that a modern scientific management mode is realized, not only the labor quantity is reduced but also the usage amount of strains is reduced, and moreover, the culture period is shortened, diseases and insect pests are reduced at the same time, the product quality and yield are significantly improved, and the production effectiveness is improved. The method disclosed by the invention is simple and feasible, and is low in cost and good in using effects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, the method for a kind of seed of Job's tears stalk fermentation material bacterium bed cultivation Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam.
Background technology
Dictyophora rubrovalvata (Dictyophora rubrovolvata), also known as knit gold Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam, be subordinate to Phallaceae (Phallaceae), Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam belong to (Dictyophora) fungus.This bacterium unique flavor, has higher edible, health value, for one of edible fungi that Guizhou is most characteristic.The eighties in last century Guizhou relevant technical personnel have just carried out domesticating and cultivating, and carry out Demonstration And Extension up to now knitting gold, the Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam industry in Guizhou always along in order to timber be major ingredient, fertile soil be traditional cultivation in raw material pattern of covering, production is widely present problems with:
1, culturing raw material source is special, and forest and ecology are caused serious threat.
Planting material is based on broad leaf tree logs such as smoothbark birches, and every square metre needs about 50 kilograms of log, causes the destruction to the forest reserves；Covering is woodsy fertile soil on mountain, and every square metre of cultivated area needs fertile soil 0.3 ~ 0.5 cubic metre, heavy damage massif ecological environment.
2, cultivation in raw material, pest and disease damage is serious, have impact on Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam yield.
Using timber cultivation in raw material, mycelium growth vigor is weak, is frequently subjected to the harm of the worms such as antibacterial, Trichoderma spp., the invasion of the ghost miscellaneous bacterias such as umbrella, and acarid, Limax, Limax, mushroom fly, and the pest and disease damage caused causes the underproduction or total crop failure.
3, production cycle length, booth utilization rate are low.
During Dictyophora indusiata Cultivation, terminate from being seeded into harvesting, need the time of 18 months altogether, plus self the problem such as continuous cropping obstacle, be required for every year changing milpa, make booth can only single use, increase cost.
3, strain demand is big, cultivation cost is high, inefficiencies.
Bacterium speed and the resistance to pest and disease damage is sent out in order to improve, production increases application rate, every square metre of application rate is 8 ~ 10 bottles, and about 4 ~ 5kg strain accounts for about the 25% of gross investment, plus other materials, booth etc., the investment of every square metre is about about 70 yuan, and the dry Dictyophora Indusiata yield of every square metre is 0.3kg, is 380 yuan/kg according to current reservation price, income is 114 yuan, and input-output ratio is about 163%.
These problems, have manifested the crux of the Guizhou Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam original backwardness of industry planting technology, in actual production, suffer from the factor impacts such as natural conditions, behavior adjustment management be lack of standardization, cause production efficiency low, occur that total crop failure is the most of common occurrence.Causing Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam industrial scale intensive degree low, wide market but cannot obtain significant economic and social benefits.
2013, applicant declares and obtains the patent of invention method (ZL 201310733418.9) of bag soil covering culture Dictyophora rubrovalvata " the corn straw fermentation material grog bacterium rod take off " of mandate, " pine China fir sawdust fermentation material grog bacterium rod takes off the method (201310732378.6) of bag soil covering culture Dictyophora rubrovalvata " and the method (201310733750.5) of bag soil covering culture Dictyophora rubrovalvata " the weed tree sawdust fermentation material grog bacterium rod take off ", establish Dictyophora rubrovalvata corn straw, pine China fir sawdust and weed tree sawdust bacterium rod cultivation technique, achieve the unified fermentation of substrate material, unified bacterium, concentrate fruiting, shorten the fruiting phase simultaneously, improve benefit, it is suitable for industrial and annual to produce.Technology disclosed in this patent uses the cultivation of bacterium bed, simple, can carry out popularization and application in tradition planting base at present, form complementation with the cultivation of bacterium rod industrial and annual.Bacterium bed, bacterium rod cultivation technique carry out complementary application, beneficially Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam industry innovation, and the healthy and rapid development promoting Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam industry is had positive effect.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: the method that a kind of seed of Job's tears stalk fermentation material bacterium bed cultivation Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam is provided, solve existing Dictyophora rubrovalvata cultivation technique to fall behind and produced problem in the cultivation of fermentation material bacterium rod, realize substituting stuff cultivation, decrease artificial, decrease strain usage amount, shorten cultivation period, reduce pest and disease damage, improve product quality and yield, raising productivity effect, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
The present invention is achieved in that the method for seed of Job's tears stalk fermentation material bacterium bed cultivation Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam, comprises the steps:
1) substrate material formula: calculate by every mu of consumption, including major ingredient 10000～14000kg, Testa Tritici 1700～1900kg, Calx 250～350kg, Gypsum Fibrosum 120～180kg, fermenting agent 700～800kg；Major ingredient is seed of Job's tears stalk and pine China fir sawdust mixture；
2) windrow fermentation: according to above-mentioned both substrate material formula, after each component mix homogeneously, builds up width >=1.5m, height >=1.2m, the long buttress shape heap body not limited；Every day monitors heap temperature, carries out the 1st turning when temperature reaches more than 55 DEG C；And continue to build heap, when temperature reaches more than 60 DEG C, when beginning to decline, carry out the 2nd turning；Continue to build heap, when temperature reaches again more than 60 DEG C, after keeping 2～3 days, carry out the 3rd turning；Continue to build heap, within 5～7 days, when temperature drops to about 45～55 DEG C, spread substrate material mixing out cooling, fermentation ends, it is thus achieved that the substrate material after fermentation；
3) bacterium bed makes: be laid on bacterium bed by the substrate material after fermentation, and tiling thickness is 18～22cm, and be passed through steam carrying out pasteurization, i.e. temperature is to keep 8～10h at 58～62 DEG C, is cooled to 45～50 DEG C and keeps 3～4 days；The water content of regulation substrate material is 58～62%, and flattens charge level, and Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam three-class strain is broken into the big bulk of 3-6cm, bunch planting, and inoculum concentration is 1.5kg/；
4) hair tube reason: after planting carrying out humiture, ventilation and illumination and control, air themperature is 15～28 DEG C, and material temperature is 23～25 DEG C and is, humidity is 60～65%, and ventilation combines temperature and is controlled, and lucifuge is cultivated；
5) earthing: when mycelia eats full 1/2 base material, it is 1～2cm the most native for covering particle diameter, thickness 2～3cm, and spun lacing swashs mycelia to autochthonal length in spraying base；After mycelia climbs out of soil face, cover particle diameter≤0.5cm fine earth, thickness 0.5～1cm, and spray the surface spun lacing former base of sharp formation；
6) management of producing mushroom: in former base differential period, uses mushroom shed day and night temperature and reaches 15～20 DEG C, and to stimulate former base to break up, bed surface humidity is 60～65%, air humidity 75～85%, and intensity of illumination is 100～200lux or scattered light；Carrying out management of producing mushroom when former base length to diameter 2～3cm spherical, use the temperature in mushroom shed and be maintained at 22～24 DEG C, bed surface humidity is 60～65%, air humidity 85～95 %, until button maturation forms sporophore.
Seed of Job's tears stalk described in step 1) is 1.5～3:1 with the mixing quality ratio of pine China fir sawdust.
Fermenting agent described in step 1) is lactic acid bacteria and fiber degradation microbial inoculum, carries out the mixed liquor mixed, living bacteria count >=10 by the volume ratio of 1:16Individual.
Described Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam is Dictyophora rubrovalvata, Cultivation of Dictyophora, Dictyophora echino-volvata Zane or short-skirted veiled lady.
Step 1) use the Testa oryzae of equivalent or bean cake to substitute Testa Tritici.
Cover soil material in step 5) is the vegetable garden soil of the degree of depth >=10cm, and the pulverized limestone mulch film adding 1% before using seals 3～5 days.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, compared with prior art, the present invention uses seed of Job's tears stalk and pine China fir sawdust mixture as the major ingredient of cultivation, instead of the mode of Betula cultivation in raw material, solves Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam industry and to environment, the destruction of resource and arbitrarily stacking and crop straw burning are brought pollution；Use the mode that bacterium bed is cultivated, compost is directly gone to bed, connect strain, directly hair tube reason fruiting, achieve the Scientific Management Model of modernization, not only decrease artificial quantity but also decrease strain usage amount and also shorten cultivation period, reduce pest and disease damage simultaneously, significantly improve product quality and yield, raising productivity effect.The present invention is simple, with low cost, and using effect is good.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiments of the invention: the method for seed of Job's tears stalk fermentation material bacterium bed cultivation Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam, in December, 2013 starts to be collected the raw material of 667 preparing, wherein seed of Job's tears stalk 7 tons, 5 tons of China fir sawdust of pine, Testa Tritici 1800kg, Calx 300kg, Gypsum Fibrosum 150kg, buying living bacteria count is 1010Lactic acid bacteria and Fibrolytic bacteria be respectively 75g.On January 5th, 2014, raw material was all got all the ready, and seed of Job's tears stalk is cut into the segment of about 8cm.
1) substrate material formula: on January 6th, 2014, by the material of above-mentioned collection mix homogeneously on spacious smooth ground, then by lactic acid bacteria and fiber degradation microbial inoculum mixed dissolution in 750kg water, and be uniformly sprayed in base material, finally regulation moisture pinches material with strength to 60%(hands, has water to overflow but will not fall down between webs)；
2) windrow fermentation: on January 7th, 2014, the substrate material that will prepare, builds up the buttress shape heap body of wide 1.5m, high 1.2m, long 12m；Monitoring heap temperature, January 13 every day, the mean temperature of heap body reaches 58 DEG C, now carries out the 1st turning, continues to build heap；January 16, heap temperature reaches more than 60 DEG C, and period maximum temperature reaches 66 DEG C；January 19, temperature starts slowly to decline and carries out the 2nd turning, continues to build heap；January 22, when heap temperature rises to again more than 60 DEG C, period maximum temperature reaches 68 DEG C, and degree/day started slowly to decline and carried out January 22, the 3rd turning；January 30, heap temperature drops to about 50 DEG C, stirring cooling fermentation ends；
3) bacterium bed makes: January 31, by the substrate material after fermentation, tiles on bacterium bed, and thickness is 20cm；Being passed through steam on February 1 and carry out pasteurization, i.e. temperature 58～62 DEG C of holding 10h, be cooled to about 48 DEG C and keep 3 days, pasteurization on February 5 terminates；According to the dry and wet degree of material, with the addition of the lime water about 500kg of 1%, the water content of regulation base material reaches about 60% (hands pinches material with strength, has water to overflow but will not fall down between webs)；Leveling charge level, and Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam three-class strain is broken into the bulk of table tennis size (3-6cm), bunch planting, inoculum concentration is 1000kg/667 (the saline bottle three-class strain of 500ml 1200 bottles)；
4) hair tube reason: after planting, bacterium bed bacteria developing period carries out humiture, ventilation and illumination and controls, and period seals booth, lucifuge carries out sending out bacterium, bacterium bed temperature 20 therein～24 DEG C, and air themperature 18～30 DEG C, temperature of shed is higher than 30 DEG C, opens canopy ventilation 1h；Period carries out spray form water in February 18 and March 3 respectively, controls bacterium bed with air humidity, bed surface humidity 60～65%, air humidity 65 about %；
5) earthing: March 10, i.e. sowing about 30 days, when mycelia covers with 1/2 bed surface, it is 1～2cm the most native for now covering particle diameter, thickness about 2cm, and spun lacing swashs mycelia to autochthonal length in spraying a-idyne；March 25, mycelia climbs out of soil face, now covers particle diameter≤0.5cm fine earth, thickness about 0.5cm, and sprays one-time surface spun lacing and swash mycelia knot and form former base；
6) management of producing mushroom: after fine earth covers, carries out the differentiation management of former base, and booth closes daytime opens increase thermal stimulation former base differentiation night, in making canopy, the temperature difference reaches more than 15 DEG C, and spray form water in air, on ground or on bacterium bed, makes bed surface humidity 60～65%, air humidity 75～85%, April 5, start that former base occurs, former base such as Semen Sesami size, close and numerous it is layered on bacterium bed surface, former base stops after occurring directly spraying water to bed surface, and printing opacity of now windowing makes scattered light enter in canopy；April 13, about 40～the spherical bamboo egg of former base long great achievement diameter 2～3cm of 50%, now carry out management of producing mushroom, opening daytime and close night, keeping temperature of shed is 22～24 DEG C, allows button grow continuously and healthily, bed surface humidity 60～65%, air humidity about 90%, until May 20, button maturation starts broken shell and forms sporophore；
Starting, from May 20, fresh mushroom of gathering, Lu Luxu gathers at the beginning of 9 months, wherein adopts mushroom June and peaks the phase, and the fresh mushroom collection capacity of the highest 1 day is about 228kg, and plucking time is generally the morning, pinches volva on the other hand during harvesting, and another hands pocket knife is cut off from the base portion of volva.Gather 3 wheat harvesting periods altogether, collect fresh Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam 2443kg(altogether containing volva), dry and obtain dry Dictyophora Indusiata 209kg(without volva).
The performance evaluation of the present invention:
(1) production cycle was shortened to 8 months by traditional 18 months
Tradition plantation, collects the most then and gets the raw materials ready, and the beginning of spring in next year is sowed, and counts day from sowing, until Second Year fruiting mid-August terminates, lasts 18 months；The inventive method starts to fruiting at the beginning of 9 months to terminate from windrow in January, lasts 8 months altogether.
(2) pest and disease damage has been alleviated or avoided
Tradition plantation usually causes grasserie because of mismanagement, and the harm of the worms such as substantial amounts of acarid, Limax, Limax occurs, causes the underproduction or total crop failure, does not finds related diseases insect pest in the present embodiment.
(3) biological transformation ratio is brought up to 16% by traditional 12%
Owing to, in the present invention, substrate material is nutritious, collocation is reasonable, according to the biological transformation ratio computational methods of other edible fungi, it is known that the biological transformation ratio of embodiment is about 16%；Material 50kg is used in tradition plantation every square metre, and converting as siccative is about 30kg, gathers fresh mushroom average out to 3.6kg, and biological transformation ratio is 12%.
(4) improve productivity effect
Tradition every square metre of planting cost of plantation is about 70 yuan, and 667 need investment about 4.7 ten thousand yuan, dry Dictyophora Indusiata 200kg；The embodiment of the present invention is planted 667 and invests 3.6 ten thousand yuan altogether, dry Dictyophora Indusiata 209kg.Calculate according to the 380 yuan/kg of reservation price of 2014, traditional cultivation method mu net profit 2.9 ten thousand yuan, cultivation mu net profit 4.3 ten thousand yuan of fermenting, new method remarkable benefit.
Claims (6)
1. the method for a seed of Job's tears stalk fermentation material bacterium bed cultivation Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps:
1) substrate material formula: calculate by every mu of consumption, including major ingredient 10000～14000kg, Testa Tritici 1700～1900kg, Calx 250～350kg, Gypsum Fibrosum 120～180kg, fermenting agent 700～800kg；Major ingredient is seed of Job's tears stalk and pine China fir sawdust mixture；
2) windrow fermentation: according to above-mentioned both substrate material formula, after each component mix homogeneously, builds up width >=1.5m, height >=1.2m, the long buttress shape heap body not limited；Every day monitors heap temperature, carries out the 1st turning when temperature reaches more than 55 DEG C；And continue to build heap, when temperature reaches more than 60 DEG C, when beginning to decline, carry out the 2nd turning；Continue to build heap, when temperature reaches again more than 60 DEG C, after keeping 2～3 days, carry out the 3rd turning；Continue to build heap, within 5～7 days, when temperature drops to about 45～55 DEG C, spread substrate material mixing out cooling, fermentation ends, it is thus achieved that the substrate material after fermentation；
3) bacterium bed makes: be laid on bacterium bed by the substrate material after fermentation, and tiling thickness is 18～22cm, and be passed through steam carrying out pasteurization, i.e. temperature is to keep 8～10h at 58～62 DEG C, is cooled to 45～50 DEG C and keeps 3～4 days；The water content of regulation substrate material is 58～62%, and flattens charge level, and Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam three-class strain is broken into the big bulk of 3-6cm, bunch planting, and inoculum concentration is 1.5kg/；
4) hair tube reason: after planting carrying out humiture, ventilation and illumination and control, air themperature is 15～28 DEG C, and material temperature is 23～25 DEG C and is, humidity is 60～65%, and ventilation combines temperature and is controlled, and lucifuge is cultivated；
5) earthing: when mycelia eats full 1/2 base material, it is 1～2cm the most native for covering particle diameter, thickness 2～3cm, and spun lacing swashs mycelia to autochthonal length in spraying base；After mycelia climbs out of soil face, cover particle diameter≤0.5cm fine earth, thickness 0.5～1cm, and spray the surface spun lacing former base of sharp formation；
6) management of producing mushroom: in former base differential period, uses mushroom shed day and night temperature and reaches 15～20 DEG C, and to stimulate former base to break up, bed surface humidity is 60～65%, air humidity 75～85%, and intensity of illumination is 100～200lux or scattered light；Carrying out management of producing mushroom when former base length to diameter 2～3cm spherical, use the temperature in mushroom shed and be maintained at 22～24 DEG C, bed surface humidity is 60～65%, air humidity 85～95 %, until button maturation forms sporophore.
The method of seed of Job's tears stalk fermentation material bacterium bed the most according to claim 1 cultivation Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam, it is characterised in that: the seed of Job's tears stalk described in step 1) is 1.5～3:1 with the mixing quality ratio of pine China fir sawdust.
The method of seed of Job's tears stalk fermentation material bacterium bed the most according to claim 1 cultivation Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam, it is characterised in that: the fermenting agent described in step 1) is lactic acid bacteria and fiber degradation microbial inoculum, carries out the mixed liquor mixed, living bacteria count >=10 by the volume ratio of 1:16Individual.
The method of seed of Job's tears stalk fermentation material bacterium bed the most according to claim 1 cultivation Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam, it is characterised in that: described Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam is Dictyophora rubrovalvata, Cultivation of Dictyophora, Dictyophora echino-volvata Zane or short-skirted veiled lady.
The method of seed of Job's tears stalk fermentation material bacterium bed the most according to claim 1 cultivation Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam, it is characterised in that: step 1) use the Testa oryzae of equivalent or bean cake to substitute Testa Tritici.
The method of seed of Job's tears stalk fermentation material bacterium bed the most according to claim 1 cultivation Caulis Bambusae In Taeniam, it is characterised in that: the cover soil material in step 5) is the vegetable garden soil of the degree of depth >=10cm, and the pulverized limestone mulch film adding 1% before using seals 3～5 days.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106576918A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-04-26 | 安龙县农望种植农民专业合作社 | Cultivation method of dictyophora rubrovolvata |
| CN108901609A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-11-30 | 成都万宏源科技有限公司 | Utilize giant panda excrement and the new technology of discarded bamboo cultivation dictyophora phalloidea |
| CN111296178A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-19 | 贵州福瑞斯新能源科技有限公司 | Method for producing oyster mushrooms by coix seed straws |
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| CN103704024A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-09 | 贵州省农作物品种资源研究所 | Method for cultivating dictyophora rubrovolvata through fermented and decomposed mixed saw dust in bag-removing and earth-covering mode |
| CN103936502A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-07-23 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for preparing and using miscanthus matrix for culturing agaricus bisporus |
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| CN101960962A (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2011-02-02 | 镇江市京口区瑞京农业科技示范园 | Method for culturing bamboo fungi by using maize straws |
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| CN106576918A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-04-26 | 安龙县农望种植农民专业合作社 | Cultivation method of dictyophora rubrovolvata |
| CN108901609A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-11-30 | 成都万宏源科技有限公司 | Utilize giant panda excrement and the new technology of discarded bamboo cultivation dictyophora phalloidea |
| CN111296178A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-19 | 贵州福瑞斯新能源科技有限公司 | Method for producing oyster mushrooms by coix seed straws |
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