CN111296178A - Method for producing oyster mushrooms by coix seed straws - Google Patents
Method for producing oyster mushrooms by coix seed straws Download PDFInfo
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- CN111296178A CN111296178A CN202010225021.9A CN202010225021A CN111296178A CN 111296178 A CN111296178 A CN 111296178A CN 202010225021 A CN202010225021 A CN 202010225021A CN 111296178 A CN111296178 A CN 111296178A
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- 240000001462 Pleurotus ostreatus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 235000001603 Pleurotus ostreatus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 244000077995 Coix lacryma jobi Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012376 hot air sterilization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007685 Pleurotus columbinus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007354 Coix lacryma jobi Nutrition 0.000 claims 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 241000222350 Pleurotus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of edible fungi, in particular to a method for producing oyster mushrooms by using coix seed straws. The invention provides a method for producing oyster mushrooms by coix seed straws, which mainly comprises the steps of selecting a mother clock, preparing rotten materials, preparing a culture medium, expanding stock seeds, preparing production seeds, inoculating and culturing, managing fruiting, harvesting and the like. The method for producing the oyster mushroom by using the coix seed straws has strong pertinence and rich nutrition, and can improve the yield and the quality of the oyster mushroom; strong operability and low cost, and reduces the production period of the oyster mushroom; the oyster mushroom strain is not easy to degenerate in the production and inoculation process, the hypha grows fast, and the oyster mushroom has rich nutrition, good quality and remarkable economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an edible mushroom cultivation technology, in particular to a method for producing oyster mushrooms by coix seed straws.
Background
Pleurotus ostreatus (Pleurotus ostreatus), also known as Pleurotus ostreatus, oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus geesteranus, belongs to wood rot type saprophytic fungi, and is one of the edible fungi widely cultivated in China. The traditional Chinese medicine considers that the oyster mushroom is warm in nature and sweet in taste, has the effects of expelling wind and cold, relaxing tendons and activating collaterals, and can be used for treating diseases such as lumbocrural pain, deadlimb, tendon and collateral obstruction and the like; the protein polysaccharide in the oyster mushroom can effectively reduce cholesterol in serum, promote metabolism, reduce blood pressure and blood fat and increase the immunity of the organism. Due to the unique flavor and the function of enhancing the immune function of the human body, the health food is one of the favorite health foods.
At present, the yield of oyster mushrooms is the second place in the world for artificial cultivation of edible fungi. As the oyster mushroom belongs to wood rot type saprophytic bacteria, the culture medium mostly takes sawdust as the main component, and generally accounts for more than 85 percent of the total weight of the culture medium. In recent years, forest resources are increasingly deficient, the cultivation cost of oyster mushrooms is increased year by year under the influence of the market price of sawdust, and the enthusiasm and economic benefit of oyster mushroom cultivation are greatly influenced. At present, few crop straws such as corn, wheat, rice, sorghum and the like are utilized to completely replace sawdust in the market, but the yield and the quality of the produced oyster mushrooms are greatly reduced under the influence of a process method, the popularization is not general, and the development of new raw materials for oyster mushroom cultivation is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing oyster mushrooms by using coix seed straws, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the method for producing oyster mushrooms by using coix seed straws comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a mother seed: selecting a proper oyster mushroom mother seed for later use;
(2) preparing the rotten clinker: weighing Coicis semen straw, corn cob (or Coicis semen bran), and testa Tritici at a certain proportion, pulverizing, sieving with 30 mesh sieve, adding corn flour and appropriate amount of water, stirring, piling on ground, and covering with film for preservation; when the central temperature of the material pile is raised to 60-75 ℃, maintaining for 20-28 hours for turning, continuing stacking and fermenting, raising the central temperature of the material pile to 60-75 ℃ again, maintaining for 24-36 hours, turning for 1 time until the culture material is discolored and has no musty taste and odor, and holding by hand to break, thus obtaining the coix seed straw rotten material;
(3) preparing a culture medium: respectively weighing lime and fermented preservative acid according to a proportion, adding into a stirrer, adding coix seed straw rotten materials into the stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the oyster mushroom cultivation substrate;
(4) expanding the original species: selecting an oyster mushroom mother seed, taking a mixture of a broken oyster mushroom culture medium and a basic PDA culture medium as a culture medium, inoculating, and conventionally culturing in a wide-mouth bottle until hyphae in the wide-mouth bottle are full, wherein the culture medium containing the hyphae is a cultivated seed;
(5) preparing a production seed: selecting the cultivated species prepared in the step (4), taking a mixture of the crushed oyster mushroom cultivation substrate and the basic PDA culture medium as a culture medium, bagging, sterilizing, inoculating, and conventionally culturing until hyphae in the fungus bags are full, thus preparing the production species applicable to large-scale production;
(6) inoculating and culturing: under the aseptic condition, bagging the oyster mushroom culture medium prepared in the step (3) by using polyethylene plastic bags, sterilizing, then inoculating the production seeds prepared in the step (5), and culturing the inoculated fungus bags at the temperature of 22-28 ℃ until hyphae fully grow;
(7) and (3) fruiting management: transferring the fungus bags full of hyphae into a greenhouse, stacking the fungus bags into a fungus wall for culturing, perforating to promote germination, keeping the day temperature in the greenhouse at 16-20 ℃ and the day-night temperature difference at 8-12 ℃, irradiating by scattered light, keeping the relative humidity of air at 85-90%, ventilating and replenishing water in time, and removing rotten and polluted fungus sticks in time;
(8) harvesting: when the cap of the oyster mushroom fruiting body on the mushroom stick turns to flat from the inner roll, namely spores are not emitted, harvesting and then packaging in a grading manner.
Preferably, in the steps (2) and (3), the oyster mushroom cultivation substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-93 parts of coix seed straw, 5-10 parts of corncob or 5 parts of coix seed bran, 1-5 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of corn flour, 1-2 parts of lime, a proper amount of fermentation preservative acid and a proper amount of water.
Preferably, in the step (4), the culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-60% of broken oyster mushroom culture medium and the balance of basic PDA culture medium.
Preferably, in the step (5), the culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-95% of broken oyster mushroom culture medium and the balance of basic PDA culture medium.
Preferably, in the step (2), the coix seed straw, the corn cob (or coix seed bran), the wheat bran and the corn flour are all subjected to exposure in the sun for 4-7 days.
Preferably, in the step (6), the oyster mushroom cultivation substrate is sterilized by a dry hot air sterilization method, specifically, maintained in a sterilization cabinet at 100 ℃ for 10-15 hours.
Preferably, in step (6), the aseptic conditions are in an aseptic room, and ultraviolet lamps are used for sterilization, or potassium permanganate and formaldehyde are used for fumigation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method for producing oyster mushrooms by using the coix seed straws, the corncobs, the wheat bran, the corn flour and the like are used for completely replacing wood chips and used as a cultivation substrate raw material of the oyster mushrooms, various antibiotics, bactericides and the like do not need to be added, the pertinence on the growth of the oyster mushrooms is strong, the yield and the quality of the oyster mushrooms can be effectively improved, the operability is high, and the cost is low. The coix seed straw, the corncob (or coix seed bran), the wheat bran, the corn flour and the like are fermented and decomposed, so that the coix seed corn bran-corn flour is rich in nutrition. The adaptability of oyster mushroom strains to a production culture medium is improved by reasonably adjusting the component change of the culture medium in the process from the mother culture to the production culture of the oyster mushroom, the pertinence is strong, the period of producing the oyster mushroom is reduced, and the yield is improved; the oyster mushroom strain is not easy to degenerate in the production and inoculation process, the hypha grows fast, and the oyster mushroom has rich nutrition, good quality and remarkable economic benefit.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the method for producing oyster mushrooms by using coix seed straws comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a mother seed: selecting proper oyster mushroom mother seeds for later use.
(2) Preparing the rotten clinker: respectively exposing raw materials such as coix seed straw, corncob, wheat bran, corn flour and the like under the sun for 4 days; weighing coix seed straws, corncobs and wheat bran according to a proportion, crushing, sieving with a 30-mesh sieve, adding corn flour and a proper amount of water, stirring uniformly, stacking on the ground, and covering with a film for storage; and when the central temperature of the material pile is raised to 60 ℃, maintaining for 28 hours for pile turning, continuing to stack and ferment, maintaining for 36 hours when the central temperature of the material pile is raised to 60 ℃ again, and turning for 1 time until the culture material is discolored and has no musty taste and odor, and holding by hand to cut, thereby obtaining the coix seed straw rotten clinker.
(3) Preparing a culture medium: and respectively weighing lime and fermented preservative acid according to a proportion, adding the lime and the fermented preservative acid into a stirrer, adding the coix seed straw rotten materials into the stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the oyster mushroom culture medium.
(4) Expanding the original species: selecting an oyster mushroom mother seed, taking a mixture of a broken oyster mushroom culture medium and a basic PDA culture medium as a culture medium, inoculating, and conventionally culturing in a wide-mouth bottle until hyphae in the wide-mouth bottle are full, wherein the culture medium containing the hyphae is a cultivated seed; the culture medium in the step comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of broken oyster mushroom culture medium and the balance of basic PDA culture medium.
(5) Preparing a production seed: selecting the cultivated species prepared in the step (4), taking a mixture of a crushed oyster mushroom cultivation substrate and a basic PDA culture medium as a culture medium, bagging, sterilizing, inoculating, and conventionally culturing until hyphae in a fungus bag are full, thus preparing the production species applicable to large-scale production; the culture medium in the step comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70% of broken oyster mushroom culture medium and the balance of basic PDA culture medium.
(6) Inoculating and culturing: sterilizing the rest oyster mushroom culture medium prepared in the step (3) by adopting an ultraviolet lamp tube or fumigating by adopting potassium permanganate and formaldehyde in a sterile room, bagging and sterilizing the rest oyster mushroom culture medium prepared in the step (3) by using polyethylene plastic bags under the condition of forming sterility, inoculating the production seeds prepared in the step (5), and culturing the inoculated fungus bags at the temperature of 22 ℃ until hyphae fully grow; wherein the oyster mushroom culture medium is sterilized by a dry hot air sterilization method, and is specifically kept in a sterilization cabinet at 100 ℃ for 10 hours.
(7) And (3) fruiting management: and (3) transferring the fungus bags full of hyphae into a greenhouse, stacking the fungus bags into a fungus wall for culturing, opening holes to promote germination, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 16 ℃ in daytime, the temperature difference between day and night at 8 ℃, irradiating by scattered light, keeping the relative humidity of air at 85%, ventilating and replenishing water in time, and removing rotten and polluted fungus sticks in time.
(8) Harvesting: when the cap of the oyster mushroom fruiting body on the mushroom stick turns to flat from the inner roll, namely spores are not emitted, harvesting and then packaging in a grading manner.
Wherein, in the steps (2) and (3), the oyster mushroom culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of coix seed straws, 10 parts of corncobs, 5 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of lime, a proper amount of fermentation preservative acid and a proper amount of water.
Example 2:
the method for producing oyster mushrooms by using coix seed straws comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a mother seed: selecting proper oyster mushroom mother seeds for later use.
(2) Preparing the rotten clinker: respectively exposing raw materials such as coix seed straw, corncob, wheat bran, corn flour and the like under the sun for 5 days; weighing coix seed straws, corncobs and wheat bran according to a proportion, crushing, sieving with a 30-mesh sieve, adding corn flour and a proper amount of water, stirring uniformly, stacking on the ground, and covering with a film for storage; and when the central temperature of the material pile rises to 65 ℃, maintaining for 26 hours for pile turning, continuing to stack and ferment, maintaining for 32 hours when the central temperature of the material pile rises to 65 ℃ again, and turning for 1 time until the culture material is discolored and has no musty taste and odor, and holding by hand to cut, thereby obtaining the coix seed straw rotten clinker.
(3) Preparing a culture medium: and respectively weighing lime and fermented preservative acid according to a proportion, adding the lime and the fermented preservative acid into a stirrer, adding the coix seed straw rotten materials into the stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the oyster mushroom culture medium.
(4) Expanding the original species: selecting an oyster mushroom mother seed, taking a mixture of a broken oyster mushroom culture medium and a basic PDA culture medium as a culture medium, inoculating, and conventionally culturing in a wide-mouth bottle until hyphae in the wide-mouth bottle are full, wherein the culture medium containing the hyphae is a cultivated seed; the culture medium in the step comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of broken oyster mushroom culture medium and the balance of basic PDA culture medium.
(5) Preparing a production seed: selecting the cultivated species prepared in the step (4), taking a mixture of a crushed oyster mushroom cultivation substrate and a basic PDA culture medium as a culture medium, bagging, sterilizing, inoculating, and conventionally culturing until hyphae in a fungus bag are full, thus preparing the production species applicable to large-scale production; the culture medium in the step comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80% of broken oyster mushroom culture medium and the balance of basic PDA culture medium.
(6) Inoculating and culturing: sterilizing the rest oyster mushroom culture medium prepared in the step (3) by adopting an ultraviolet lamp tube or fumigating by adopting potassium permanganate and formaldehyde in a sterile room, bagging and sterilizing the rest oyster mushroom culture medium prepared in the step (3) by using polyethylene plastic bags under the condition of forming sterility, inoculating the production seeds prepared in the step (5), and culturing the inoculated fungus bags at 24 ℃ until hypha grows fully; wherein the oyster mushroom culture medium is sterilized by a dry hot air sterilization method, and is specifically kept in a sterilization cabinet at 100 ℃ for 12 hours.
(7) And (3) fruiting management: and (3) transferring the fungus bags full of hyphae into a greenhouse, stacking the fungus bags into a fungus wall for culturing, opening holes to promote germination, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 18 ℃ in daytime, the temperature difference between day and night at 10 ℃, irradiating by scattered light, keeping the relative humidity of air at 86%, ventilating and replenishing water in time, and removing rotten and polluted fungus sticks in time.
(8) Harvesting: when the cap of the oyster mushroom fruiting body on the mushroom stick turns to flat from the inner roll, namely spores are not emitted, harvesting and then packaging in a grading manner.
Wherein, in the steps (2) and (3), the oyster mushroom culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 88 parts of coix seed straws, 7 parts of corncobs, 2 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of corn flour, 1 part of lime, a proper amount of fermentation preservative acid and a proper amount of water.
Example 3:
the method for producing oyster mushrooms by using coix seed straws comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a mother seed: selecting proper oyster mushroom mother seeds for later use.
(2) Preparing the rotten clinker: respectively exposing raw materials such as coix seed straw, corncob, wheat bran, corn flour and the like under the sun for 6 days; weighing coix seed straws, corncobs and wheat bran according to a proportion, crushing, sieving with a 30-mesh sieve, adding corn flour and a proper amount of water, stirring uniformly, stacking on the ground, and covering with a film for storage; and when the central temperature of the material pile is raised to 70 ℃, maintaining for 24 hours for pile turning, continuing to stack and ferment, raising the central temperature of the material pile to 70 ℃ again, maintaining for 28 hours, and turning for 1 time until the culture material is discolored and has no musty taste and odor, and holding by hand to cut, thereby obtaining the coix seed straw rotten clinker.
(3) Preparing a culture medium: and respectively weighing lime and fermented preservative acid according to a proportion, adding the lime and the fermented preservative acid into a stirrer, adding the coix seed straw rotten materials into the stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the oyster mushroom culture medium.
(4) Expanding the original species: selecting an oyster mushroom mother seed, taking a mixture of a broken oyster mushroom culture medium and a basic PDA culture medium as a culture medium, inoculating, and conventionally culturing in a wide-mouth bottle until hyphae in the wide-mouth bottle are full, wherein the culture medium containing the hyphae is a cultivated seed; the culture medium in the step comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of broken oyster mushroom culture medium and the balance of basic PDA culture medium.
(5) Preparing a production seed: selecting the cultivated species prepared in the step (4), taking the mixture of the crushed oyster mushroom cultivation material powder and the basic PDA culture medium as a culture medium, bagging, sterilizing, inoculating, and conventionally culturing until hyphae in the fungus bags are full, thus preparing the production species applicable to large-scale production; the culture medium in the step comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 85% of broken oyster mushroom culture medium and the balance of basic PDA culture medium.
(6) Inoculating and culturing: sterilizing the rest oyster mushroom culture medium prepared in the step (3) by adopting an ultraviolet lamp tube or fumigating by adopting potassium permanganate and formaldehyde in a sterile room, bagging and sterilizing the rest oyster mushroom culture medium prepared in the step (3) by using polyethylene plastic bags under the condition of forming sterility, inoculating the production seeds prepared in the step (5), and culturing the inoculated fungus bags at 26 ℃ until hypha grows fully; wherein the oyster mushroom culture medium is sterilized by a dry hot air sterilization method, and is specifically kept in a sterilization cabinet at 100 ℃ for 14 hours.
(7) And (3) fruiting management: and (3) transferring the fungus bags full of hyphae into a greenhouse, stacking the fungus bags into a fungus wall for culturing, opening holes to promote germination, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 19 ℃ in daytime, the temperature difference between day and night at 11 ℃, irradiating by scattered light, keeping the relative humidity of air at 88%, ventilating and replenishing water in time, and removing rotten and polluted fungus sticks in time.
(8) Harvesting: when the cap of the oyster mushroom fruiting body on the mushroom stick turns to flat from the inner roll, namely spores are not emitted, harvesting and then packaging in a grading manner.
Wherein, in the steps (2) and (3), the oyster mushroom culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 93 parts of coix seed straws, 5 parts of corncobs, 1 part of wheat bran, 1 part of lime, a proper amount of fermentation preservative acid and a proper amount of water.
Example 4:
the method for producing oyster mushrooms by using coix seed straws comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a mother seed: selecting proper oyster mushroom mother seeds for later use.
(2) Preparing the rotten clinker: respectively exposing raw materials such as coix seed straw, corncob, wheat bran, corn flour and the like under the sun for 7 days; weighing coix seed straws, corncobs and wheat bran according to a proportion, crushing, sieving with a 30-mesh sieve, adding corn flour and a proper amount of water, stirring uniformly, stacking on the ground, and covering with a film for storage; and (3) when the central temperature of the material pile is increased to 75 ℃, maintaining for 20 hours, turning over the material pile, continuing stacking and fermenting, maintaining for 24 hours when the central temperature of the material pile is increased to 75 ℃ again, turning over the material pile for 1 time again until the culture material is discolored and has no musty taste and odor, and holding the material pile by hand to cut the material pile to obtain the coix seed straw rotten clinker.
(3) Preparing a culture medium: and respectively weighing lime and fermented preservative acid according to a proportion, adding the lime and the fermented preservative acid into a stirrer, adding the coix seed straw rotten materials into the stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the oyster mushroom culture medium.
(4) Expanding the original species: selecting an oyster mushroom mother seed, taking a mixture of a broken oyster mushroom culture medium and a basic PDA culture medium as a culture medium, inoculating, and conventionally culturing in a wide-mouth bottle until hyphae in the wide-mouth bottle are full, wherein the culture medium containing the hyphae is a cultivated seed; the culture medium in the step comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of broken oyster mushroom culture medium and the balance of basic PDA culture medium.
(5) Preparing a production seed: selecting the cultivated species prepared in the step (4), taking the mixture of the crushed oyster mushroom cultivation material powder and the basic PDA culture medium as a culture medium, bagging, sterilizing, inoculating, and conventionally culturing until hyphae in the fungus bags are full, thus preparing the production species applicable to large-scale production; the culture medium in the step comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 90% of broken oyster mushroom culture medium and the balance of basic PDA culture medium.
(6) Inoculating and culturing: sterilizing the rest oyster mushroom culture medium prepared in the step (3) by adopting an ultraviolet lamp tube or fumigating by adopting potassium permanganate and formaldehyde in a sterile room, bagging and sterilizing the rest oyster mushroom culture medium prepared in the step (3) by using polyethylene plastic bags under the condition of forming sterility, inoculating the production seeds prepared in the step (5), and culturing the inoculated fungus bags at the temperature of 28 ℃ until hyphae fully grow; wherein the oyster mushroom culture medium is sterilized by a dry hot air sterilization method, and is specifically kept in a sterilization cabinet at 100 ℃ for 15 hours.
(7) And (3) fruiting management: and (3) transferring the fungus bags full of hyphae into a greenhouse, stacking the fungus bags into a fungus wall for culturing, opening holes to promote germination, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 20 ℃ in daytime, keeping the temperature difference between day and night at 12 ℃, irradiating by scattered light, keeping the relative humidity of air at 90%, ventilating and replenishing water in time, and removing rotten and polluted fungus sticks in time.
(8) Harvesting: when the cap of the oyster mushroom fruiting body on the mushroom stick turns to flat from the inner roll, namely spores are not emitted, harvesting and then packaging in a grading manner.
Wherein, in the steps (2) and (3), the oyster mushroom culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 93 parts of coix seed straw, 5 parts of coix seed bran, 1 part of wheat bran, 1 part of lime, a proper amount of fermentation preservative acid and a proper amount of water.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific implementation described.
Claims (7)
1. The method for producing oyster mushroom by using coix seed straws comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a mother seed: selecting a proper oyster mushroom mother seed for later use;
(2) preparing the rotten clinker: weighing coix seed straws, corncobs (or coix seed bran) and wheat bran according to a proportion, crushing, sieving with a 20-50 mesh sieve, adding corn flour and a proper amount of water, stirring uniformly, stacking on the ground, and covering with a film for storage; when the central temperature of the material pile is raised to 60-75 ℃, maintaining for 20-28 hours for turning, continuing stacking and fermenting, raising the central temperature of the material pile to 60-75 ℃ again, maintaining for 24-36 hours, turning for 1 time until the culture material is discolored and has no musty taste and odor, and holding by hand to break, thus obtaining the coix seed straw rotten material;
(3) preparing a culture medium: respectively weighing lime and fermented preservative acid according to a proportion, adding into a stirrer, adding coix seed straw rotten materials into the stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the oyster mushroom culture medium;
(4) expanding the original species: selecting an oyster mushroom mother seed, taking a mixture of a broken oyster mushroom culture medium and a basic PDA culture medium as a culture medium, inoculating, and conventionally culturing in a wide-mouth bottle until hyphae in the wide-mouth bottle are full, wherein the culture medium containing the hyphae is a cultivated seed;
(5) preparing a production seed: selecting the cultivated species prepared in the step (4), taking a mixture of the crushed oyster mushroom cultivation material powder and the basic PDA culture medium as a culture medium, bagging, sterilizing, inoculating, and conventionally culturing until hyphae in the fungus bags are full, thus preparing the production species applicable to large-scale production;
(6) inoculating and culturing: under the aseptic condition, bagging the oyster mushroom culture medium prepared in the step (3) by using polyethylene plastic bags, sterilizing, then inoculating the production seeds prepared in the step (5), and culturing the inoculated fungus bags at the temperature of 22-28 ℃ until hyphae fully grow;
(7) and (3) fruiting management: transferring the fungus bags full of hyphae into a greenhouse, stacking the fungus bags into a fungus wall for culturing, perforating the fungus wall for promoting germination, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 16-20 ℃ in the daytime, keeping the temperature difference between day and night at 8-12 ℃, irradiating by scattered light, keeping the relative humidity of air at 85-90%, ventilating and replenishing water in time, and removing rotten and polluted fungus sticks in time;
(8) harvesting: when the cap of the oyster mushroom fruiting body on the mushroom stick turns to flat from the inner roll, namely spores are not emitted, harvesting and then packaging in a grading manner.
2. The method for producing oyster mushrooms by using coix seed straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the steps (2) and (3), the oyster mushroom cultivation substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-93 parts of coix seed straw, 5-10 parts of corncob or 5 parts of coix seed bran, 1-5 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of corn flour, 1-2 parts of lime, a proper amount of fermentation preservative acid and a proper amount of water.
3. The method for producing oyster mushroom according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-60% of broken oyster mushroom culture medium and the balance of basic PDA culture medium.
4. The method for producing oyster mushroom according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-90% of broken oyster mushroom culture medium and the balance of basic PDA culture medium.
5. The method for producing Pleurotus Ostreatus from Coix lacryma-jobi L.stalk as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the Coix lacryma-jobi L.stalk, corn cob (or Coix lacryma-jobi L.bran), wheat bran are all exposed to the sun for 4-7 days.
6. The method for producing oyster mushrooms by using the coix seed straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the oyster mushroom culture medium is sterilized by a dry hot air sterilization method, and is specifically kept in a sterilization cabinet at 100 ℃ for 10-15 hours.
7. The method for producing oyster mushroom according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the aseptic conditions are sterilization by ultraviolet lamp or fumigation by potassium permanganate or formaldehyde in an aseptic room.
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Application publication date: 20200619 |