CN110367040B

CN110367040B - Method for planting dictyophora phalloidea in under-forest layered ridge furrows

Info

Publication number: CN110367040B
Application number: CN201910765216.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋杰; 梁俊峰; 潘雪玉; 陈彬; 禹飞
Original assignee: Research Institute of Tropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Research Institute of Tropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2019-08-19
Filing date: 2019-08-19
Publication date: 2021-12-03
Anticipated expiration: 2039-08-19
Also published as: CN110367040A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting echinocandin fungus in a layered ridge bed under a forest, which comprises the following steps: selecting forest stands with canopy density of 50% -75% to carry out weeding and land leveling work; taking agilawood and litchi wood chips, and mixing the raw materials according to the weight ratio of 1.5-2.5: 1, adding quicklime, watering, and exposing in the sun for 5-9 days; adding Gypsum Fibrosum powder and testa Tritici, watering, stacking for the second time, and continuously insolating for 5-9 days; turning and adding gypsum powder and wheat bran again, watering, and stacking for 5-9 days to obtain mixed wood; laying mixed wood on the ground, breaking off the strains into blocks, uniformly placing the blocks on the mixed wood, watering, and spraying urea; continuously laying mixed wood, placing blocky strains, watering, spraying urea, and repeating for 1-4 times; placing the mixed wood, spraying the surface with the chlorthalonil, and paving the fructus amomi waste on the surface layer; digging a ditch and erecting a sunshade; in the hypha growth period, the water content of the soil of the whole ridge is kept between 55 and 60 percent; after the fruiting body begins to form, adjusting the water content of the soil of the whole ridge to 20-25% until the bamboo fungus breaks buds and opens skirt.

Description

Method for planting dictyophora phalloidea in under-forest layered ridge furrows

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of echinocandin fungus planting, in particular to an under-forest layered ridge echinocandin fungus planting method.

Background

Dictyophora echinovolvata is an edible fungus, is rich in nutrition and aromatic in flavor, and is mostly distributed in broad-leaved forest in the south of China. Nowadays, the echinocandin fungus becomes a high-grade food material in the market and is widely accepted by the public. The common planting technology of the dictyophora phalloidea mainly comprises the step of sowing strains by arranging a depression surface or a hole sowing method, however, the common dictyophora phalloidea belongs to a zone from subtropical to tropical, the average air temperature is high, the annual precipitation amount is abundant, the common depression or low hole sowing is easy to be flushed and buried by soil, and the dictyophora phalloidea is not easy to germinate and grow mushrooms.

The forest area of Guangdong province is wide, the number of economic forests for artificial planting is large, such as agilawood, litchi, amomum villosum and the like, a large amount of agarwood, litchi pruning waste wood, amomum villosum waste and the like are not fully utilized every year, and the waste wood and waste can be just applied to planting of dictyophora echinovolvata.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a method for planting dictyophora phalloidea in a forest by layering ridge ridges.

The invention discloses a method for planting echinocandin fungus in under-forest layered ridge plots, which comprises the following steps:

preparation before planting:

selecting forest stands with 50% -75% canopy density for weeding and land leveling 10-20 days before planting;

wood treatment:

taking sufficient agilawood and litchi wood chips, and mixing the wood chips and the litchi wood chips according to the weight ratio of 1.5-2.5: 1, adding quicklime, watering until the humidity is 60-65%, uniformly stirring, and exposing in the sun for 5-9 days;

then adding gypsum powder and wheat bran, stirring well, watering until the humidity is 60-65%, stacking for the second time, and continuously insolating for 5-9 days;

turning over and adding Gypsum Fibrosum powder and testa Tritici again, stirring, watering until humidity is 60-65%, and stacking for 5-9 days to obtain mixed wood;

sowing:

laying mixed wood with width of 15-20cm and thickness of 3-7cm on flat ground, breaking strain into blocks, uniformly placing on the mixed wood, watering, and spraying urea;

continuously laying mixed wood with the thickness of 3-5cm on the basis of the upper layer, placing blocky strains, watering, spraying urea, and repeating for 1-4 times;

finally, placing mixed wood with the thickness of 2.5-3.5 cm, spraying the chlorothalonil on the surface, and paving the fructus amomi waste on the surface layer to be used as a protective layer;

digging a ditch and erecting a sunshade:

excavating water diversion channels on two sides of the whole ridge, and erecting sunshades;

managing under forest:

in the hypha growth period, the water content of the soil of the whole ridge is kept between 55 and 60 percent;

after the fruiting body begins to form, adjusting the water content of the soil of the whole ridge to 20-25% until the bamboo fungus breaks buds and opens skirt.

In one embodiment, the selecting forest stands with canopy density of 50% -75% for weeding and land leveling comprises: selecting forest stands which are far away from pollution sources, convenient for water conservancy facilities, higher than 2m in forest trees and 50% -75% of canopy density to carry out weeding and land leveling work.

In one embodiment, the amount of the wood chips of agilawood and litchi is 1.5-2.5: 1, adding quicklime, and mixing the materials in a ratio of: taking sufficient agilawood and litchi wood chips, and mixing the materials in a ratio of 2: 1, adding quicklime accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the mixture, watering until the humidity is 60-65 percent, uniformly stirring, and exposing in the sun for 7 days.

In one embodiment, the adding of the gesso and the wheat bran and the stirring are performed uniformly, and comprises: adding Gypsum Fibrosum powder 1% and testa Tritici 10% of the total weight of the mixture, and stirring.

In one embodiment, the process of turning and adding the gypsum powder and the wheat bran again and stirring uniformly comprises the following steps: turning and adding gypsum powder 1 wt% and wheat bran 10 wt% of the mixture again, and stirring.

In one embodiment, the concentration of urea is 1%.

In one embodiment, the concentration of chlorfenapyr is 0.1%.

In one embodiment, the secondary stacking, with continued exposure for 5-9 days, comprises: secondary stacking, and continuously insolating for 7 days;

stacking for 5-9 days to obtain mixed wood, wherein the mixed wood comprises the following steps: stacking for 7 days to obtain mixed wood.

In one embodiment, the setting up of a sunshade comprises: based on the tree trunk or the stone pile, a sunshade shed with the height of 1.5-2.5m is erected.

In one embodiment, further comprising harvesting: after the bamboo fungus buds are broken and the fungus skirt is opened, the fungus cap is taken off, the fungus tray is removed, the fungus stalk and the fungus skirt are left, and the bamboo fungus is refrigerated, stored or dried in the sun and packaged.

The method for planting the echinocandin dictyophora in the under-forest layered ridge plots has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the layered ridge-bed planting method can increase the growth amount of strains in ridge beds and quickly reach the fruiting condition.

(2) Ridge bed planting does benefit to the drainage very much, effectively avoids the depression or the risk that low-order bunch planting is washed away the cover by earth, and ridge bed has effectively increased the area of fruiting, increases the output of fruiting.

(3) The method develops a new mode for utilizing the waste materials of the economic plants such as the agilawood, the litchi, the amomum villosum and the like in the Guangdong region, reasonably utilizes the high-quality resources in the region and saves the cost.

(4) The bamboo fungus bred by the medicinal plant materials such as agilawood, amomum villosum and the like can improve the value of the bamboo fungus.

(5) The forest land space is fully utilized, the growth period of the bamboo fungus is short, the effect is fast, and the income of forest farmers can be obviously increased.

(6) The cultivation of bamboo fungus under forest can increase soil fertility, promote the growth of forest trees and is beneficial to ecological environment protection.

For a better understanding and practice, the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the laying of seed and mixed wood.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fructus amomi protective layer.

Figure 3 is a schematic view of a sunshade.

Fig. 4 is an overall effect diagram after the sunshade is erected.

The reference numbers illustrate: 1-strain 2-mixed wood 3-fructus amomi protective layer

4-sunshade 5-tree trunk or stone pile 6-integral effect

Detailed Description

The terms of orientation of up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom, and the like, referred to or as may be referred to in this specification, are defined relative to the configuration shown in the figures, and are relative concepts. Therefore, it may be changed according to different positions and different use states. Therefore, these and other directional terms should not be construed as limiting terms.

The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.

The terminology used in the present disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used in this disclosure and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

s1, preparation before planting:

and selecting forest stands with 50% -75% of canopy density for weeding and land leveling 10-20 days before planting.

In one embodiment, forest stands with a forest stand height of more than 2m and a canopy density of 50% -75% away from pollution sources, water conservancy facility convenience, and forest trees can be preferably selected for weeding and land leveling.

S2, wood treatment:

s21, taking sufficient agilawood and litchi wood chips, and mixing the wood chips and the litchi wood chips according to the weight ratio of 1.5-2.5: 1, adding quicklime, watering until the humidity is 60-65%, stirring uniformly, and exposing in the sun for 5-9 days.

In one embodiment, sufficient wood and litchi chips are preferably taken, according to a 2: 1, adding quicklime accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the mixture, watering until the humidity is 60-65 percent, uniformly stirring, and exposing in the sun for 7 days.

S22, adding gypsum powder and wheat bran, uniformly stirring, watering until the humidity is 60-65%, stacking for the second time, and continuously exposing for 5-9 days.

In one embodiment, it is preferable to add 1% of gesso and 10% of wheat bran based on the total weight of the mixture at this time, the mass ratio of the gesso to the wheat bran is 1:10, and stir them uniformly.

In one embodiment, the secondary stacking is continued for 7 days.

S23, turning and adding the gypsum powder and the wheat bran again, stirring uniformly, watering until the humidity is 60-65%, and stacking for 5-9 days to obtain mixed wood.

In one embodiment, preferably, the mixture is turned and added again with 1% of gesso and 10% of wheat bran, the mass ratio of gesso to wheat bran being 1:10, and stirred uniformly.

In one embodiment, preferably 7 days of stacking, a mixed wood is obtained.

Please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2.

S3, sowing:

s31, paving mixed wood with the width of 15-20cm and the thickness of 3-7cm on a flat ground, breaking strains into blocks, uniformly placing the blocks on the mixed wood, watering, and spraying urea.

In one embodiment, mixed wood 15-20cm wide and 5cm thick is laid on a flat ground, the length being adjusted according to the woodland conditions.

S32, continuously paving mixed wood with the thickness of 3-5cm on the basis of the upper layer, placing blocky strains, watering, spraying urea, and repeating for 1-4 times.

In one embodiment, preferably, it is repeated 3 times.

S33, finally placing mixed wood with the thickness of 2.5-3.5 cm, spraying the surface with the chlormycete cleaner, and paving the fructus amomi waste on the surface layer to be used as a protective layer.

In one embodiment, the concentration of urea is 1%.

In one embodiment, the concentration of chlorfenapyr is 0.1%.

Please refer to fig. 3 and 4.

S4, digging a ditch and erecting a sunshade:

and (4) excavating water diversion channels on two sides of the whole ridge, and erecting sunshade sheds.

And water diversion channels are dug on two sides of the whole ridge, so that drainage in rainy seasons is facilitated.

In one embodiment, preferably, depending on the woodland situation, a sunshade of 1.5-2.5m height, preferably 2m height, is erected, length and width being appropriate for the ground, based on the tree trunk or the stone pillar.

The sunshade can be a sunshade net.

S5, managing under the forest:

s51, in the hypha growth period, keeping the water content of the soil of the whole ridge to be 55-60%;

s52, after fruiting bodies begin to form, adjusting the water content of the soil of the whole ridge to 20-25% until the bamboo fungus buds are broken and the skirt is opened.

S6, harvesting:

after the bamboo fungus buds are broken and the fungus skirt is opened, the fungus cap is taken off, the fungus tray is removed, the fungus stalk and the fungus skirt are left, and the bamboo fungus is refrigerated, stored or dried in the sun and packaged.

In addition, it should be noted that the steps S1-S6 may not be performed in strict chronological order, for example, the pre-planting preparation of S1 and the treatment of the wood of S2 may be performed simultaneously or alternately to save time.

In order to prove the effectiveness of the under-forest layered ridge-furrow echinocandin planting method, the following actual planting is carried out:

planting case 1

S01, preparation before planting:

selecting big red sour branch forest land of a Baisheng garden forest farm in Yangjiang city, wherein the tree spacing is 2m, the forest land is far away from a pollution source, water conservancy facilities are convenient, the tree size is higher than 2m, the canopy closure degree is 75%, and weeding and land leveling work are carried out 14 days before planting.

S02, wood treatment:

s021, taking sufficient agilawood and litchi sawdust, and mixing the raw materials in a ratio of 2: 1, adding quicklime accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the mixture, watering until the humidity is 60-65 percent, uniformly stirring, and exposing in the sun for 7 days.

S022, adding gypsum powder and wheat bran accounting for 1% of the total weight of the mixture, uniformly stirring, watering until the humidity is 60-65%, stacking for the second time, and continuously exposing for 7 days.

S023, turning over and adding gypsum powder accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the mixture and wheat bran accounting for 10 percent of the total weight of the mixture again, stirring uniformly, watering until the humidity is 60-65 percent, and stacking for 7 days to obtain the mixed wood.

S03, sowing:

and (2) cultivating the dictyophora phalloidea in 2 months (the average air temperature is higher in Guangdong year, the optimal planting time of the dictyophora phalloidea is 2-4 months per year) in 031.2018 years, planting one row of trees in each row, paving mixed wood with the width of 20cm and the thickness of 5cm on a flat ground, adjusting the length according to the condition of the forest land, breaking the strains into blocks, uniformly placing the blocks on the mixed wood, watering, and spraying a proper amount of urea with the concentration of 1%.

S032, continuously paving mixed wood with the thickness of 5cm on the basis of the upper layer, placing blocky strains, watering, spraying urea, and repeating for 3 times.

S033, finally placing mixed wood with the thickness of 3cm, spraying a proper amount of 1% chlorothalonil on the surface, and paving the fructus amomi waste on the surface layer to serve as a protective layer.

S04, digging a ditch and erecting a sunshade:

water channels are dug on two sides of the whole ridge, and a sunshade net with the height of 2m is built in the forest as a sunshade.

S05, managing under forest:

s051, in the hypha growth period, adopting a water spraying management measure to keep the water content of the soil of the whole ridge between 55 and 60 percent;

s052, after fruiting bodies begin to form, adopting water spraying management measures, and adjusting the water content of the soil of the whole ridge to 20-25% until the bamboo fungus breaks buds and opens skirts.

S06, harvesting:

and 4, in the middle ten days of 2018 and 10, the harvest season of Dictyophora echinovolvata is adopted, and the Dictyophora echinovolvata can be picked when the mouth of a Dictyophora echinovolvata fungus egg is broken and the cap of a fungus is exposed. After the bamboo fungus buds are broken and the fungus skirt is opened, the fungus cap is taken off, the fungus tray is removed, the fungus stalk and the fungus skirt are left, and the bamboo fungus is refrigerated, stored or dried in the sun and packaged.

Statistics show that the acre yield of the dictyophora echinovolvata in the planting case is 58.4kg, and the fruiting rate and the total yield of the dictyophora echinovolvata in the planting case are obviously higher than those of the existing planting method.

Planting case 2

S10, preparation before planting:

selecting a famous commercial white region litchi forest land with the tree spacing of 2.5m, keeping away from a pollution source, facilitating water conservancy facilities, being higher than 2m in forest land and 50% in canopy closure degree, and weeding and land leveling in 14 days before planting.

S20, wood treatment:

s201, taking sufficient agilawood and litchi wood chips, and mixing the agilawood and litchi wood chips according to the ratio of 2: 1, adding quicklime accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the mixture, watering until the humidity is 60-65 percent, uniformly stirring, and exposing in the sun for 7 days.

S202, adding gypsum powder and wheat bran accounting for 1% of the total weight of the mixture, uniformly stirring, watering until the humidity is 60-65%, stacking for the second time, and continuously exposing for 7 days.

S203, turning and adding gypsum powder accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the mixture and wheat bran accounting for 10 percent of the total weight of the mixture again, stirring uniformly, watering until the humidity is 60-65 percent, and stacking for 7 days to obtain mixed wood.

S30, sowing:

s301.2017, cultivating in 2 months, planting one row of trees in each row, laying mixed wood with width of 20cm and thickness of 5cm on a flat ground, adjusting the length according to the condition of the forest land, breaking the strains into blocks, uniformly placing the blocks on the mixed wood, watering, and spraying urea with concentration of 1%.

S302, continuously paving mixed wood with the thickness of 5cm on the basis of the upper layer, placing blocky strains, watering, spraying urea, and repeating for 3 times.

S303, finally placing mixed wood with the thickness of 3cm, spraying a proper amount of 1% chlorothalonil on the surface, and paving the fructus amomi waste on the surface layer to serve as a protective layer.

S40, digging a ditch and erecting a sunshade:

diversion channels are dug on two sides of the whole ridge, and sunshade nets with the height of 2.5m are erected in the forest as sunshades.

S50, managing under forest:

s501, in the hypha growth period, adopting a water spraying management measure to keep the water content of the soil of the whole ridge between 55 and 60 percent;

s502, after fruiting bodies begin to form, water spraying management measures are adopted, the water content of soil of the whole ridge is adjusted to be 20-25%, and the bamboo fungus is broken into buds and opened into skirts.

S60, harvesting:

harvesting season of Dictyophora echinovolvata in 4 middle ten days to 10 last ten days of 2017, and picking when the Dictyophora echinovolvata fungus eggs are broken and the fungus caps are exposed. After the bamboo fungus buds are broken and the fungus skirt is opened, the fungus cap is taken off, the fungus tray is removed, the fungus stalk and the fungus skirt are left, and the bamboo fungus is refrigerated, stored or dried in the sun and packaged.

According to statistics, the acre yield of the dictyophora echinovolvata in the planting case is 52.4kg, and the fruiting rate and the total yield of the planting case are obviously higher than those of the existing planting method.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The method for planting the dictyophora echinovolvata in the under-forest layered ridge plots is suitable for planting the dictyophora echinovolvata in the Guangdong region and comprises the following steps:

preparation before planting:

wood treatment:

then adding gypsum powder accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the mixture and wheat bran accounting for 10 percent of the total weight of the mixture, uniformly stirring, watering until the humidity is 60-65 percent, stacking for the second time, and continuously exposing for 5-9 days;

turning over, adding Gypsum Fibrosum powder 1% and testa Tritici 10% of the mixture, stirring, watering to humidity of 60-65%, and stacking for 5-9 days to obtain mixed wood;

sowing:

digging a ditch and erecting a sunshade:

excavating water diversion channels on two sides of the whole ridge, and erecting sunshades; the set-up sunshade comprises: setting up a sunshade shed with the height of 1.5-2.5m based on the tree trunk or the stone pile;

managing under forest:

2. The under-forest layered ridge acanthopanax dictyophora planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that forest stands which are far away from pollution sources, convenient for water conservancy facilities, higher than 2m in forest trees and 50% -75% in canopy density are selected for weeding and land leveling.

3. The understory layered ridge acanthopanax bamboo fungus planting method according to claim 1, wherein sufficient agilawood and litchi wood chips are taken according to a ratio of 2: 1, adding quicklime accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the mixture, watering until the humidity is 60-65 percent, uniformly stirring, and exposing in the sun for 7 days.

4. The understory layered ridge echinocandis planting method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the concentration of urea is 1%.

5. The understory layered ridge echinocandin planting method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the concentration of chlorfenapyr is 0.1%.

6. The understory layered ridge echinocandis planting method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein secondary stacking is performed, and exposure is continued for 7 days;

stacking for 7 days to obtain mixed wood.

7. The understory layered ridge echinocandis planting method according to any one of claims 1-3, further comprising harvesting: after the bamboo fungus buds are broken and the fungus skirt is opened, the fungus cap is taken off, the fungus tray is removed, the fungus stalk and the fungus skirt are left, and the bamboo fungus is refrigerated, stored or dried in the sun and packaged.