CN113348964A - Cloth bag cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivars - Google Patents
Cloth bag cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivars Download PDFInfo
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- CN113348964A CN113348964A CN202110756888.1A CN202110756888A CN113348964A CN 113348964 A CN113348964 A CN 113348964A CN 202110756888 A CN202110756888 A CN 202110756888A CN 113348964 A CN113348964 A CN 113348964A
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 241001313710 Dictyophora indusiata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000004281 Eucalyptus maculata Species 0.000 description 16
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 16
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 16
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 5
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001313708 Dictyophora phalloidea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010053759 Growth retardation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000000588 Hericium erinaceus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 240000000599 Lentinula edodes Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001715 Lentinula edodes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001527087 Panax vietnamensis Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010692 aromatic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/50—Inoculation of spawn
Abstract
The invention provides a cloth bag cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivars, belonging to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly stirring the matrix, and adjusting the pH and the humidity; the matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 95 parts of eucalyptus sawdust, 4-4.5 parts of fresh sweet potato granules, 0.5-1 part of calcium carbonate and 0.1-0.2 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; (2) filling the substrate into a deep-color sailcloth bag and inserting a short rod; (3) naturally cooling after disinfection; (4) taking out the short rods for inoculation; (5) culturing the strain to maturity. The deep canvas strain bag is used, so that the strain can grow well, the stress resistance is improved, and the deep canvas strain bag is simple and convenient to fill, can be repeatedly used and is environment-friendly. The matrix of the invention has reasonable component ratio and lower cost, and meets the requirements of bamboo fungus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a cloth bag cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivars.
Background
Dictyophora indusiata, also known as Dictyophora indusiata, bamboo fungus and bamboo ginseng, is a well-known edible fungus in Dictyophora of Bidentiales, namely Dictyophora indusiata, Hericium erinaceus, Lentinus edodes and Tremella, and is a well-known precious edible fungus. The dictyophora indusiata is a wild plant, and the growth condition is quite harsh, so that the dictyophora indusiata cannot grow easily and difficultly. With the increase of the demand of bamboo fungus in the market, the wild bamboo fungus is far from meeting the demand, so that the bamboo fungus is mainly bred in an artificial seed production and cultivation mode at present.
The existing cultivation container for dictyophora indusiata cultivars mainly uses sealed glass bottles or polypropylene plastic bags. However, the dictyophora indusiata is an aerobic fungus, hyphae grows slowly, sufficient oxygen is needed in the fungus cultivation process, gas exchange cannot be carried out in a closed severe environment, fresh air cannot enter the hyphae growth requirement, hyphae metabolites and CO2And waste gas cannot be discharged, so that the capability of hyphae for resisting high temperature and other natural disasters is greatly weakened, the problems of growth retardation, easy ageing of hyphae, poor stress resistance and the like are shown, and the hyphae cannot grow normally. Meanwhile, the humidity inside the cultivation container is uneven, the death rate of thalli at the bottom is higher, the glass bottles are difficult to charge, the broken slag is difficult to treat, and the polypropylene bag belongs toThe non-degradable plastic is discarded after use, which not only increases the operation cost, but also causes pollution to the environment.
The existing culture method has unreasonable substrate proportion, is easy to be polluted by other bacteria and quickly occupies the substrate, and limits the growth of the bamboo fungus; nutrient substances are unbalanced, and hypha germination cannot be well promoted; the components have short action time, and can lose efficacy in the later growth stage of hypha, so that the fertility can not be effectively exerted, and the hypha has insufficient nutrition and slow growth in the later stage.
Therefore, the technical personnel in the field need to solve the problem of how to provide a cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivar which is economical, environment-friendly, simple in process and beneficial to strain growth.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a cloth bag cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivars, which can reduce cost, is convenient to operate, and enables the dictyophora indusiata cultivars to germinate rapidly, and has high survival rate and good stress resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cloth bag cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivars comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly stirring the matrix, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.5 and the humidity to 60-65%; the matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 95 parts of sawdust, 4-4.5 parts of fresh sweet potato granules, 0.5-1 part of light calcium carbonate and 0.1-0.2 part of monopotassium phosphate.
(2) Putting the substrate into a cloth bag, and inserting a short rod in the middle of the cloth bag;
(3) sterilizing the packaged matrix, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) taking out the short stalk, and inoculating the stock seed of the bamboo fungus;
(5) and (4) cultivating and managing the cultivated species after the inoculation until the cultivated species are mature.
Preferably, in the step (1), the particle size of the fresh sweet potato granules is 0.15-0.25cm, and the sawdust is eucalyptus sawdust.
Preferably, in the step (2), the cloth bag is a dark-color sailcloth bag with the length of 55-60cm and the width of 35-40cm, and each bag is filled with 3-4 kg of matrix.
Preferably, the length of the short rod is equal to the width of the strain bag, and the diameter of the short rod is 3-4 cm.
Preferably, in the step (3), the sterilization is performed for 4 to 6 hours under the condition of normal pressure and 100 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (4), the inoculation method is that holes are formed after the short rods are taken out, and the holes are filled with bamboo fungus stock seeds, and each bag is filled with 40-45 g.
Preferably, in the step (4), the grain size of the dictyophora raw seeds is 2.5-3 cm.
Preferably, in the step (5), the cultivation temperature is 15-26 ℃, the air humidity is 90% -95%, and after the cultivated species are cultivated for 35-40 days, when white hyphae grow over the strain bags, the cultivation is mature.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
1. the air exchange can be carried out by using the canvas bag, so that fresh air is fully supplied, and CO generated by metabolism is removed in time2When waste gas is used, the humidity of the substrate in the bag is uniform, the strain is not easy to rot, the survival rate is high, the stress resistance is good, and dark culture is not required to be considered in the dark color bag.
2. The invention utilizes the holes formed by the short rods to lead the next step of disinfection to be more thorough, and then the original seeds are put into the holes, thus leading the hyphae to have sufficient development space and leading the bag bottom to grow uniformly.
3. The sailcloth bag is simple and convenient to fill and can be repeatedly used, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the process cost is reduced, and the ecological environment is protected.
4. The matrix has low cost, reasonable proportion and sufficient nutrition, eucalyptus sawdust is loose and is easy to decompose, and the eucalyptus sawdust is rich in carbon, nitrogen and other nutrient elements and aromatic oil, so that the pollution of mixed bacteria and mould can be inhibited, the growth of dictyophora is facilitated, and the cultivation time is shortened; the fresh sweet potato granules contain nutrient components such as starch, protein, mineral substances, vitamins and the like; the light calcium carbonate can adjust the pH value of the substrate and provide calcium ions required by the strain; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate can make the bamboo fungus hypha grow strongly.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A cloth bag cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivars comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly stirring the matrix, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.5 and the humidity to 60-65%; the matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 95 parts of eucalyptus sawdust, 4.5 parts of fresh sweet potato granules with the particle size of 0.15-0.25cm, 0.5 part of light calcium carbonate and 0.1 part of monopotassium phosphate;
(2) filling the matrix into deep-color canvas bags with length of 55cm and width of 35cm, filling 3 kg of matrix in each bag, and inserting a short rod with width equal to the width of the bag and diameter of 3cm in the middle of the cloth bag;
(3) sterilizing the packaged matrix at 100 deg.C for 4 hr under normal pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) inoculating, taking out the short rods to form holes, and filling the holes with bamboo fungus stock seeds with the particle size of 2.5cm, wherein each bag is filled with 40g of the stock seeds;
(5) culturing the cultivated species at 15 deg.C and 90-95% air humidity for 35 days until white hypha grows over the strain bag, and culturing to maturity.
Comparative example 1
The polypropylene bag culture method of dictyophora indusiata cultivars comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly stirring the matrix, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.5 and the humidity to 60-65%; the matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 95 parts of corncob core bran, 4.0-4.5 parts of wheat bran, 0.5 part of light calcium carbonate and 0.1 part of monopotassium phosphate;
(2) putting the substrate into a bagging machine, filling the substrate into polypropylene bags with the length of 38cm and the width of 16cm by adopting a semi-manual and semi-mechanical method, filling 0.5 kg of substrate into each bag, and installing a breathable cover on each bag opening;
(3) sterilizing the packaged matrix at 100 deg.C for 4 hr under normal pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) inoculating, placing 2.5 cm-sized stock Dictyophora Indusiata into polypropylene bags, and filling 5g of stock Dictyophora Indusiata into each bag;
(5) culturing the cultivated species in the dark in a culture room for 20 days at the temperature of 15 ℃ and the air humidity of 90-95%, and culturing in natural light for 15 days until white hyphae grow over the strain bags, thus obtaining the mature cultured strain.
Cost calculation and comparison were performed using a sailcloth bag and a polypropylene bag:
the inorganic components are mainly used for adjusting the pH value and supplementing trace elements, wherein the light calcium carbonate is used for 25 yuan per bag in the market, 25 kg is contained in each bag, the conversion is 0.5 yuan/jin, the light calcium carbonate accounts for 0.5-1% of the matrix, the highest dosage is less than 1 jin in each 100 jin of culture matrix, and the cost is less than 2 yuan per mu according to 400 jin of culture matrix. The market of the monopotassium phosphate is 3.0 yuan/jin, the monopotassium phosphate accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the matrix, the dosage of each 100 jin of culture matrix is less than 0.2 jin, and the cost of each mu is less than 2.4 yuan calculated according to 400 jin of culture matrix. Therefore, the proportion of the cost of the two is less than 1% of the total cost, so that the cost is not taken as a calculation cost factor, and only organic matter is taken as a cost calculation factor. The unit price of the corn cob core bran and the peanut shell bran is 700 yuan/ton, and 0.35 yuan/jin in market; 1.50 Yuan wheat bran/jin in the market; the unit price of the eucalyptus sawdust is 500 yuan/ton, and 0.25 yuan/jin; sweet potato 1.50 yuan/jin. The cultivated species required for planting 1 mu of dictyophora phalloidea are cultivated, 800 polypropylene bags are used, 100 large cloth bags are used, and the cost is compared below.
(1) The cost of the substrate. The corn cob core bran required by the conventional method is 95 jin of 380 jin, 380 jin multiplied by 0.35 yuan/jin equals 133.00 yuan, 4.5 jin of 18 jin of wheat bran, 18 jin multiplied by 1.50 yuan/jin equals 27 yuan, and 160 yuan in total; 95 portions of eucalyptus sawdust required by the method are 380 jin, 380 jin multiplied by 0.25 yuan/jin is 95.00 yuan, 4.5 portions of sweet potato granules are 18 jin, 18 jin multiplied by 1.50 yuan/jin is 27 yuan, and 122 yuan in total; saves 38 yuan, and reaches 23.8 percent.
(2) Material costs. Each polypropylene strain bag is 0.13 yuan (specification is 16cm multiplied by 38cm), each set of air cover is 0.12 yuan, and the total number is 200 yuan; the large cloth bags only need 100, the cloth bags are thrown into the cloth bags for 400 yuan once, the cloth bags can be repeatedly used for 4 times, the cost is converted into 100 yuan, the used short rods can be repeatedly used for 10 times, and the 100 pieces of cloth bags can be used for 1 time according to 20 yuan, 2 yuan each time and 102 yuan in total. Saving 98 yuan.
(3) Labor costs. 1.5 workers are used for filling the substrate and installing the air cap for 800 bags, 1.5 workers are used for inoculating 800 bags, the total number of the workers is 3, and each worker is 600 yuan according to 200 yuan; and the labor required from bagging to inoculation of 100 big cloth bag breeding is only 1.5 workers for 300 yuan. The labor is saved by 300 yuan.
The common cost of cultivating the cultivars by the conventional method is 960 yuan, while the cost required by cultivating 1 mu of cultivars by the method is 524 yuan, the cost per mu is saved by 435 yuan, which is 45% lower than that of the conventional method.
Comparative example 2
A cloth bag cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivars comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly stirring the matrix, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.5 and the humidity to 60-65%; the matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 95 parts of eucalyptus sawdust, 0.5 part of light calcium carbonate and 0.1 part of monopotassium phosphate;
(2) filling the matrix into deep-color canvas bags with length of 55cm and width of 35cm, filling 3 kg of matrix in each bag, and inserting a short rod with width equal to the width of the bag and diameter of 3cm in the middle of the cloth bag;
(3) sterilizing the packaged matrix at 100 deg.C for 4 hr under normal pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) inoculating, taking out the short rod to form a hole, filling the hole with 2.5 cm-sized stock Dictyophora Indusiata (Vent. Ex pers) Fisch, and filling 40-45g per bag;
(5) culturing the cultivated species at 15 deg.C and 90-95% air humidity for 35 days until white hypha grows over the strain bag, and culturing to maturity.
Cost calculation and comparison were performed using a sailcloth bag and a polypropylene bag:
(1) the cost of the substrate. The corn cob core bran required by the conventional method is 95 jin of 380 jin, 380 jin multiplied by 0.35 yuan/jin equals 133 yuan, 4.5 jin of 18 jin of wheat bran, 18 jin multiplied by 1.50 yuan/jin equals 27 yuan, and 160 yuan in total; the method needs 95 jin of eucalyptus sawdust, 380 jin multiplied by 0.25 yuan/jin equal to 95 yuan. Saves 65 yuan.
(2) Material costs. Each polypropylene strain bag is 0.13 yuan (specification is 16cm multiplied by 38cm), each set of air cover is 0.12 yuan, and the total number is 200 yuan; the large cloth bags only need 100, the cloth bags are thrown into the cloth bags for 400 yuan once, the cloth bags can be repeatedly used for 4 times, the cost is converted into 100 yuan, the used short rods can be repeatedly used for 10 times, and the 100 pieces of cloth bags can be used for 1 time according to 20 yuan, 2 yuan each time and 102 yuan in total. Saving 98 yuan.
(3) Labor costs. 1.5 workers are used for filling the substrate and installing the air cap for 800 bags, 1.5 workers are used for inoculating 800 bags, the total number of the workers is 3, and each worker is 600 yuan according to 200 yuan; and the labor required from bagging to inoculation of 100 big cloth bag breeding is only 1.5 workers for 300 yuan. The labor is saved by 300 yuan.
The common cost of 1 mu of cultivated strains cultured by the conventional method is 960 yuan, while the cost required by 1 mu of cultivated strains cultured by the canvas bag is 497 yuan, so that the cost per mu is saved by 463 yuan, which is 48% lower than that of the conventional method.
Comparative example 3
A cloth bag cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivars comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly stirring the matrix, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.5 and the humidity to 60-65%; the matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 92.5 parts of eucalyptus sawdust, 6.5-7.0 parts of fresh sweet potato granules with the grain size of 0.15-0.25cm, 0.5 part of light calcium carbonate and 0.1 part of monopotassium phosphate;
(2) filling the matrix into deep-color canvas bags with length of 55cm and width of 35cm, filling 3 kg of matrix in each bag, and inserting a short rod with width equal to the width of the bag and diameter of 3cm in the middle of the cloth bag;
(3) sterilizing the packaged matrix at 100 deg.C for 4 hr under normal pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) inoculating, taking out the short rod to form a hole, filling the hole with 2.5 cm-sized stock Dictyophora Indusiata (Vent. Ex pers) Fisch, and filling 40-45g per bag;
(5) culturing the cultivated species at 15 deg.C and 90-95% air humidity for 35 days until white hypha grows over the strain bag, and culturing to maturity.
Cost calculation and comparison were performed using a sailcloth bag and a polypropylene bag:
(1) the cost of the substrate. The corn cob core bran required by the conventional method is 92.5 jin, 370 jin multiplied by 0.35 yuan/jin equals 129.50 yuan, 7 jin of wheat bran is 28 jin, 28 jin multiplied by 1.50 yuan/jin equals 42 yuan, and the total amount is 171.5 yuan; 92.5 jin of eucalyptus sawdust required by the method, 370 jin multiplied by 0.25 yuan/jin equal to 92.50 yuan, 7 jin of sweet potatoes multiplied by 0.50 yuan/jin equal to 42 yuan, and 134.5 yuan in total; the 37 yuan is saved, and the yield reaches 21.6 percent.
(2) Material costs. Each polypropylene strain bag is 0.13 yuan (specification is 16cm multiplied by 38cm), each set of air cover is 0.12 yuan, and the total number is 200 yuan; the large cloth bags only need 100, the cloth bags are thrown into the cloth bags for 400 yuan once, the cloth bags can be repeatedly used for 4 times, the cost is converted into 100 yuan, the used short rods can be repeatedly used for 10 times, and the 100 pieces of cloth bags can be used for 1 time according to 20 yuan, 2 yuan each time and 102 yuan in total. Saving 98 yuan.
(3) Labor costs. 1.5 workers are used for filling the substrate and installing the air cap for 800 bags, 1.5 workers are used for inoculating 800 bags, the total number of the workers is 3, and each worker is 600 yuan according to 200 yuan; and the labor required from bagging to inoculation of 100 big cloth bag breeding is only 1.5 workers for 300 yuan. The labor is saved by 300 yuan.
The common cost of culturing strains for 1 mu by adopting the conventional method is 971.50 yuan, while the cost required by culturing strains for 1 mu by adopting the canvas bag is 536.50 yuan, the cost per mu is saved by 435 yuan, which is 44.8% lower than that of the conventional method.
Comparative example 4
A cloth bag cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivars comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly stirring the matrix, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.5 and the humidity to 60-65%; the matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90 parts of eucalyptus sawdust, 9-9.5 parts of fresh sweet potato granules with the grain size of 0.15-0.25cm, 0.5-1 part of light calcium carbonate and 0.1-0.2 part of monopotassium phosphate;
(2) filling the matrix into deep-color canvas bags with length of 55cm and width of 35cm, filling 3 kg of matrix in each bag, and inserting a short rod with width equal to the width of the bag and diameter of 3cm in the middle of the cloth bag;
(3) sterilizing the packaged matrix at 100 deg.C for 4 hr under normal pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) inoculating, taking out the short rod to form a hole, filling the hole with 2.5 cm-sized stock Dictyophora Indusiata (Vent. Ex pers) Fisch, and filling 40-45g per bag;
(5) culturing the cultivated species at 15 deg.C and 90-95% air humidity for 35 days until white hypha grows over the strain bag, and culturing to maturity.
Cost calculation and comparison were performed using a sailcloth bag and a polypropylene bag:
(1) the cost of the substrate. The corn cob core bran required by the conventional method is 90 jin, 360 jin multiplied by 0.35 yuan/jin equal to 126 yuan, 9.5 jin of wheat bran is 38 jin, 38 jin multiplied by 1.50 yuan/jin equal to 57 yuan, and 183 yuan in total; 90 jin of eucalyptus sawdust required by the method, 360 jin multiplied by 0.25 yuan/jin equal to 90 yuan, 9.5 jin of sweet potato 38 jin, 38 jin multiplied by 1.50 yuan/jin equal to 57 yuan, and 152 yuan in total; saves 31 yuan, and reaches 16.9 percent.
(2) Material costs. Each polypropylene strain bag is 0.13 yuan (specification is 16cm multiplied by 38cm), each set of air cover is 0.12 yuan, and the total number is 200 yuan; the large cloth bags only need 100, the cloth bags are thrown into the cloth bags for 400 yuan once, the cloth bags can be repeatedly used for 4 times, the cost is converted into 100 yuan, the used short rods can be repeatedly used for 10 times, and the 100 pieces of cloth bags can be used for 1 time according to 20 yuan, 2 yuan each time and 102 yuan in total. Saving 98 yuan.
(3) Labor costs. 1.5 workers are used for filling the substrate and installing the air cap for 800 bags, 1.5 workers are used for inoculating 800 bags, the total number of the workers is 3, and each worker is 600 yuan according to 200 yuan; and the labor required from bagging to inoculation of 100 big cloth bag breeding is only 1.5 workers for 300 yuan. The labor is saved by 300 yuan.
The common cost of 1 mu of cultivated strains cultured by the conventional method is 980 yuan, while the cost required by 1 mu of cultivated strains cultured by the canvas bag is 554 yuan, so that the cost per mu is saved by 426 yuan, which is 43.5% lower than that of the conventional method.
Comparative examples 2 to 4 mainly change the ratio of eucalyptus sawdust to fresh sweet potato granules, and the results are found 35 days after the test: comparative example 2 hypha only grows to half a bag, more foreign bacteria appear outside the bags of comparative example 3 and comparative example 4, and the analysis is that 95 parts of eucalyptus sawdust, 4-4.5 parts of fresh sweet potato granules with the grain size of 0.15-0.25cm, 0.5-1 part of light calcium carbonate and 0.1-0.2 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are selected as ideal proportions because excessive sweet potato nutrient substances overflow.
Cultivation yield contrast test
First, technical requirements
Two cultivars with the same weight and the same culture days are adopted to carry out a bamboo fungus yield comparison test under the conditions of equal area, equal matrix, equal time and the same management level.
1. Selecting 100 kg of cultivated species of a canvas bag and a polypropylene bag which are cultivated for 40 days respectively;
2. cutting cultivation test plots of 200 square meters on the same plot;
3. adopting the same standard cultivation measures on each land, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 80cm, the width of the ridge ditch is 40cm, and the height of the ridge is 30 cm;
4. uniformly sowing eucalyptus sawdust which is the same in weight and size and is piled and retted in each land as a culture medium, wherein 1 ton of eucalyptus sawdust is used in each land;
5. sowing seeds in the same day of 3 months every year, uniformly managing the seeds during the sowing period, and counting the yield to 30 days of 9 months.
Second, test results
1. The first fruiting time is compared, and the strain cultured by the cloth bag is 3-5 days earlier;
2. comparing the weight of the fresh bamboo fungus produced in the whole harvesting period of 30 days after 9 months, wherein the average harvesting amount of the bag strains is 255.3 jin, the average harvesting amount of the polypropylene bag strains is 230.0 jin, the comparison amount is 25.3 jin more, the wood conversion rate in the current year is 12.8 percent and 11.5 percent respectively, and the conversion rate is improved by 1.3 percent.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A cloth bag cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivars is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) uniformly stirring the matrix, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.5 and the humidity to 60-65%;
wherein the matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 95 parts of sawdust, 4-4.5 parts of fresh sweet potato granules, 0.5-1 part of light calcium carbonate and 0.1-0.2 part of monopotassium phosphate;
(2) putting the substrate into a cloth bag, and inserting a short rod in the middle of the cloth bag;
(3) sterilizing the packaged matrix, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) taking out the short stalk, and inoculating the stock seed of the bamboo fungus;
(5) and (4) cultivating and managing the cultivated species after the inoculation until the cultivated species are mature.
2. The cloth bag cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivar according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the fresh sweet potato granules in step (1) is 0.15-0.25cm, and the sawdust is eucalyptus sawdust.
3. The cloth bag cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivars according to claim 1, wherein the cloth bag in step (2) is a dark-color sailcloth bag, and each bag is filled with 3-4 kg of matrix.
4. The method for bag cultivation of Dictyophora indusiata cultivars according to claim 3, wherein the diameter of the short rod is 3-4 cm.
5. The bag cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivar according to claim 1, wherein the sterilization in step (3) is performed under normal pressure and at 100 ℃ for 4-6 h.
6. The cloth bag cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivar according to claim 1, wherein the inoculation in step (4) is to form holes after taking out the short stems, and fill the holes with stock dictyophora indusiata, and each bag is filled with 40-45 g.
7. The cloth bag cultivation method of Dictyophora indusiata cultivars according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of Dictyophora indusiata stock in step (4) is 2.5-3 cm.
8. The cloth bag cultivation method of dictyophora indusiata cultivar according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), the cultivation temperature is 15-26 ℃, the air humidity is 90% -95%, and after cultivation for 35-40 days, when white hyphae grow over the cloth bag, the cultivation is mature.
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