CN114303794A - Shiitake culture medium and shiitake cultivation method - Google Patents
Shiitake culture medium and shiitake cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a mushroom culture medium and a mushroom cultivation method. The raw materials of the mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 27-42% of walnut wood, 30-40% of phoenix tree wood, 5-15% of tea seed cake, 20-30% of bran, 1-2% of gypsum, 1-2% of lime, 0.1-0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.1-0.5% of potassium salt. The mushroom culture medium provided by the invention is used for cultivation, the fruiting yield of the first two tides of mushrooms can be obviously improved, and the biotransformation rate of the first two tides is improved. The mushroom culture medium is suitable for industrial production and mushroom growers. In addition, the mushroom culture medium provided by the invention can shorten the fruiting time, improve the turnover rate of mushroom planting and also contribute to improving the quality and economic benefit of mushroom planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of edible mushrooms, in particular to a mushroom culture medium and a mushroom cultivation method.
Background
Lentinus edodes belongs to Basidiomycetes, Agaricales, Tricholomataceae and Lentinus edodes, and is a rare edible fungus with a long-standing name. Shiitake has been cultivated for over 800 years. The region distribution of the artificial cultivation of the mushroom is extremely wide.
The cultivation raw materials used for planting the mushrooms comprise sawdust, bran, corn flour, gypsum, lime and the like as main materials, wherein the sawdust is commonly used in broad-leaf tree species, the common broad-leaf tree species comprise fruit trees and fagaceae tree species, and the formula for cultivating the mushrooms by using the apple trees and the bran as main materials is lower and the yield is limited. Taking the preparation of 2.3 kg of mushroom sticks as an example, the low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag filler with the folding diameter of 15 cm is selected, the material height is 42-44 cm, the water content is 58%, the dry material weight is 0.966 kg, the yield of two tides is generally within the range of 500-600 g in the manual mushroom planting process, the biotransformation rate is about 60%, the yield is low, the planting benefit of the mushrooms is seriously restricted, and the method has important significance for improving the existing formula of the mushrooms and realizing the yield increase. At present, a large amount of sawdust, bran, crop leftovers and the like are used for planting the lentinus edodes, the used resources are rich and large, the biotransformation rate of the lentinus edodes fungus sticks is seriously restricted by the formulation problem of farmers or enterprises at present, the resource utilization rate and the benefit are influenced, and the method is very important for improving the formulation to realize the yield increase and the income increase of the lentinus edodes cultivation.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mushroom culture medium and a mushroom cultivation method to solve the technical problems.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides a mushroom culture medium, wherein the raw materials of the mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 27-42% of walnut wood, 30-40% of phoenix tree wood, 5-15% of tea seed cake, 20-30% of bran, 1-2% of gypsum, 1-2% of lime, 0.1-0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.1-0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the dry materials comprise the following raw materials based on the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 42% of walnut wood, 30% of phoenix tree wood, 5% of tea seed cake, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the dry materials comprise the following raw materials based on the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 37% of walnut wood, 30% of phoenix tree wood, 10% of tea seed cake, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the dry materials comprise the following raw materials based on the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 32% of walnut wood, 30% of phoenix tree wood, 15% of tea seed cake, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the dry materials comprise the following raw materials based on the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 27% of walnut wood, 40% of phoenix tree wood, 10% of tea seed cake, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the dry materials comprise the following raw materials based on the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 32% of walnut wood, 30% of phoenix tree wood, 10% of tea seed cake, 25% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the magnesium salt is selected from at least one of magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, and magnesium carbonate; the potassium salt is at least one selected from potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.
In one embodiment, the moisture content of the mushroom medium is 50-60% based on 100% of the total weight of the mushroom medium;
preferably, the moisture content of the mushroom medium is 58%.
The invention also provides a method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms by using the shiitake mushroom culture medium, which comprises the following steps: crushing the dried mushroom culture medium raw materials, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content, bagging and sterilizing, then inoculating mushroom strains on sterilized mushroom sticks, culturing the mushroom sticks for 95 days, performing puncturing and oxygen aeration operation on the mushroom sticks during the culture period, fruiting the mature mushroom sticks, culturing the mushrooms for 15-20 days after the first tide of fruiting is finished, and performing second tide of fruiting the mushroom sticks after water injection is performed on the mushroom sticks after the first tide of fruiting is finished.
In one embodiment, the temperature of the culture is 23-26 ℃.
In one embodiment, the cultivation method further comprises subjecting the stick to a puncture aeration treatment during cultivation.
According to the invention, through various formula collocation experiments, the proportion of the raw materials of the mushroom culture medium is changed, the two-tide yield of the mushrooms can be effectively improved, the fruiting period of the mushrooms is shortened, the formula nutrition collocation is reasonable, and the economic benefit of mushroom planting can be improved.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the mushroom culture medium provided by the invention is scientific and reasonable in nutrition collocation, and the fruiting yield of the first two tides of mushrooms can be obviously improved and the biotransformation rate of the first two tides of mushrooms can be improved by adopting the mushroom culture medium provided by the invention for cultivation. The mushroom culture medium is suitable for industrial production and mushroom growers. In addition, the mushroom culture medium provided by the invention can shorten the fruiting time, improve the turnover rate of mushroom planting, and is reasonable in nutrition collocation of nutrition such as formula nutrition carbon and nitrogen sources, thereby being beneficial to improving the yield and economic benefit of mushroom planting.
The mushroom culture medium has wide raw material sources and convenient material acquisition, and is favorable for reducing the production cost of mushroom cultivation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 shows the number of buds formed in the first tide;
FIG. 2 is a statistical chart of fruiting yield of examples and comparative examples;
FIG. 3 shows the fruiting cycle of two seasons;
FIG. 4 is a statistical chart of biotransformation efficiency.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a mushroom culture medium, wherein the raw materials of the mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 27-42% of walnut wood, 30-40% of phoenix tree wood, 5-15% of tea seed cake, 20-30% of bran, 1-2% of gypsum, 1-2% of lime, 0.1-0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.1-0.5% of potassium salt.
The invention obtains the two-tide high-yield mushroom culture medium formula by controlling the mushroom culture medium formula and the adding proportion of various raw and auxiliary materials in the formula. The biotransformation rate is within 59% -78%, the fruiting period is shortened from 65 days to 52 days, and the actual production proves that the yield of the mushroom cultured by the mushroom culture medium provided by the invention is obviously improved, the biotransformation rate is high, the number of buds generated in the first tide is moderate, and the economic benefit is obviously improved compared with the existing mushroom formula.
The invention selects soft phoenix tree and hard walnut as wood chip raw materials (carbon source materials), the mushroom hypha can decompose the soft wood phoenix tree to obtain an energy source in the early growth stage of the culture stage, the hard wood walnut can be decomposed in the fruiting stage to provide a carbon source required by the growth of fruiting bodies, and the addition of the walnut is beneficial to the increase of the yield of the second tide of the mushroom.
Specifically, phoenix tree belongs to the family of phoenix tree of the genus phoenix of the order malvales, and is a deciduous tree. The trunk is straight, smooth and high in branching; the bark is green or grey green, smooth and not easy to crack. The phoenix tree has the advantages of high growth speed, long service life, light and soft wood, thick wood, good cyclic planting and convenient material taking. Part of phoenix tree is added in the formula of the culture medium, which is beneficial to decomposing wood chips by mushroom hypha in the culture stage to obtain the nutrition for hypha growth.
The walnut tree belongs to the walnut family, and is a tree which grows on hills and hilly lands with the elevation of 400 plus 1800 m, and is favored by fertile and moist sandy loam which is commonly seen in deep soil layers at two sides of valleys in mountain areas. The walnut wood is firm and is a good hardwood material. The walnut can be used for planting edible fungi. The shiitake mushroom is used as saprophytic bacteria, and partial hard wood is added into the culture medium, so that the yield of the shiitake mushroom is increased.
The tea seed cake is also called tea bran and tea cake, and is the residue cake of oil camellia seeds after oil extraction. The tea seed cake is rich in protein, so that the tea seed cake can be used as a high-efficiency organic fertilizer. According to the invention, the tea seed cake with a certain proportion is added into the formula, so that the yield of the shiitake mushrooms is improved to a certain extent.
Wheat bran, also called wheat bran, is the seed coat sieved after grinding wheat flour. Bran is rich in fiber, aleurone, and some minerals and vitamins.
The hyphae need to accumulate a large amount of protein in the vegetative growth stage, and tea seed cakes and bran added in the formula are used as nitrogen sources to provide trace elements for hyphae growth, so that the accumulation of the protein content in the hyphae is facilitated, and the fruiting yield is improved.
The gypsum can be gypsum and/or anhydrite, the gypsum is calcium sulfate dihydrate, and the anhydrite is anhydrous calcium sulfate.
Lime is calcium oxide, also known as quicklime or lime. The calcium source is supplemented by the addition of gypsum and lime.
The magnesium salt and potassium salt as inorganic salt nutrient elements are helpful for the growth and the strengthening of hypha and have auxiliary effects on the growth of sporocarp and the fruiting yield.
The culture medium provided by the invention has a simple and efficient formula, is suitable for industrial production and mushroom growers, and can improve the yield and shorten the mushroom fruiting period. The raw materials of the culture medium are green, environment-friendly and pollution-free, and the method is favorable for realizing the utilization of agricultural wastes and developing agricultural circular economy.
The invention discovers that the problems of low yield of two-tide shiitake mushroom and high production cost in the conventional shiitake mushroom formula can be solved by adopting the raw materials of the formula.
In one embodiment, the dry materials comprise the following raw materials based on the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 42% of walnut wood, 30% of phoenix tree wood, 5% of tea seed cake, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the dry materials comprise the following raw materials based on the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 37% of walnut wood, 30% of phoenix tree wood, 10% of tea seed cake, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the dry materials comprise the following raw materials based on the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 32% of walnut wood, 30% of phoenix tree wood, 15% of tea seed cake, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the dry materials comprise the following raw materials based on the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 32% of walnut wood, 30% of phoenix tree wood, 10% of tea seed cake, 25% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the magnesium salt is selected from at least one of magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, and magnesium carbonate; the potassium salt is at least one selected from potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.
Optionally, the magnesium salt is a mixture of magnesium carbonate and magnesium sulfate; optionally, the magnesium salt is magnesium sulfate.
Optionally, the potassium salt is a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate. In other embodiments, the magnesium salt and the potassium salt may be selected according to actual production needs, and are not limited to the listed types.
In one embodiment, the moisture content of the mushroom medium is 50-60% based on the total weight of the mushroom medium taken as 100%. Preferably, the moisture content of the mushroom medium is 58%. When the water content of the mushroom culture medium is in the range, the fruiting yield of the first two tides of mushrooms is high, and the biotransformation rate is high.
The invention also provides a method for cultivating mushrooms by using the mushroom culture medium, which comprises the following steps: crushing the dried mushroom culture medium raw materials, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content, bagging and sterilizing, then inoculating mushroom strains on sterilized mushroom sticks, culturing the mushroom sticks for 95 days, performing puncturing and oxygen aeration operation on the mushroom sticks during the culture period, fruiting the mature mushroom sticks, culturing the mushrooms for 15-20 days after the first tide of fruiting is finished, and performing second tide of fruiting the mushroom sticks after water injection is performed on the mushroom sticks after the first tide of fruiting is finished.
The Lentinus edodes strain is No. 2 Heqi of Shandong Qihe Biotech Co., Ltd. However, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
In other embodiments, the shiitake mushroom strain can also be selected from shiitake mushroom 939, 937, 135-5, L-26, 868, 931, Wuxiang I, shiitake mushroom 241-4, shiitake mushroom 303, shiitake mushroom 808, Shenxiang 215, shiitake mushroom 9608, shiitake mushroom SD-1 or Luzhou 7579, and the shiitake mushroom can also be cultivated by adopting the culture medium provided by the invention.
In one embodiment, the temperature of the above incubation is 23-26 ℃. The culture temperature can be adaptively adjusted according to the type of the strain to be cultured, and is not limited to the culture temperature provided by the present invention.
In one embodiment, the cultivation method further comprises a step of performing a pricking and oxygen introducing treatment on the fungus stick during the cultivation. So that the fungus stick has plump tumor formation and good color conversion degree. After the fungus sticks are mature, the fungus sticks are frozen and then discharged from the fungus shed for fruiting, and watering is carried out after the fungus sticks are put on the shelf, so that the fungus sticks can be subjected to fruiting after absorbing enough moisture. And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 15-20 days after the first tide of fruiting is finished, and injecting water into the mushroom sticks after the first tide of fruiting is finished to obtain a second tide of fruiting.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a mushroom culture medium, wherein raw materials of the mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent:
42% of walnut wood, 30% of phoenix tree wood, 5% of tea seed cake, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 0.5% of monopotassium phosphate.
The method for cultivating the shiitake mushrooms by adopting the shiitake mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
pulverizing walnut, phoenix tree and tea seed biscuit into 3-10mm granules, mixing with bran, gypsum, lime, magnesium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stirring, adjusting water content of the culture medium to 58%, and adjusting pH of the culture medium to 8.
And (3) bagging by using a horizontal semi-automatic bagging machine, wherein the fungus stick is selected from a low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag filler with the folding diameter of 15 cm, the material height is 42-44 cm, and the weight of the fungus stick is about 2.3 kg.
The prepared mushroom sticks were then sterilized at 117 ℃ for 12 hours using an autoclave. Inoculating the sterilized mushroom sticks to No. 2 Qihe mushroom varieties with the inoculation amount of 30-40 g/stick, placing the inoculated mushroom sticks in a culture greenhouse to culture for 95 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and carrying out pricking and oxygen introducing operation on the mushroom sticks in the period of time, so that the mushroom sticks are full in nodulation and good in chroma of the mushroom sticks. After the fungus sticks are mature, the fungus sticks are frozen and then discharged from the fungus shed for fruiting, and watering is carried out after the fungus sticks are put on the shelf, so that the fungus sticks absorb enough moisture for fruiting.
And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 15-20 days after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, injecting water into the mushroom sticks after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, discharging a second tide of mushrooms, and counting the fruiting yields and fruiting days of the first and second tides.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a mushroom culture medium, wherein raw materials of the mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent:
37% of walnut wood, 30% of phoenix tree wood, 10% of tea seed cake, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 0.5% of monopotassium phosphate.
The method for cultivating the shiitake mushrooms by adopting the shiitake mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
pulverizing walnut, phoenix tree and tea seed biscuit into 3-10mm granules, mixing with bran, gypsum, lime, magnesium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stirring, adjusting water content of the culture medium to 58%, and adjusting pH of the culture medium to 8.
And (3) bagging by using a horizontal semi-automatic bagging machine, wherein the fungus stick is selected from a low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag filler with the folding diameter of 15 cm, the material height is 42-44 cm, and the weight of the fungus stick is about 2.3 kg.
The prepared mushroom sticks were then sterilized at 117 ℃ for 12 hours using an autoclave. Inoculating the sterilized mushroom sticks to No. 2 Qihe mushroom varieties with the inoculation amount of 30-40 g/stick, placing the inoculated mushroom sticks in a culture greenhouse to culture for 95 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and carrying out pricking and oxygen introducing operation on the mushroom sticks in the period of time, so that the mushroom sticks are full in nodulation and good in chroma of the mushroom sticks. After the fungus sticks are mature, the fungus sticks are frozen and then discharged from the fungus shed for fruiting, and watering is carried out after the fungus sticks are put on the shelf, so that the fungus sticks absorb enough moisture for fruiting.
And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 15-20 days after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, injecting water into the mushroom sticks after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, discharging a second tide of mushrooms, and counting the fruiting yields and fruiting days of the first and second tides.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a mushroom culture medium, wherein raw materials of the mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent:
32% of walnut wood, 30% of phoenix tree wood, 15% of tea seed cake, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 0.5% of monopotassium phosphate.
The method for cultivating the shiitake mushrooms by adopting the shiitake mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
pulverizing walnut, phoenix tree and tea seed biscuit into 3-10mm granules, mixing with bran, gypsum, lime, magnesium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stirring, adjusting water content of the culture medium to 58%, and adjusting pH of the culture medium to 8.
And (3) bagging by using a horizontal semi-automatic bagging machine, wherein the fungus stick is selected from a low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag filler with the folding diameter of 15 cm, the material height is 42-44 cm, and the weight of the fungus stick is about 2.3 kg.
The prepared mushroom sticks were then sterilized at 117 ℃ for 12 hours using an autoclave. Inoculating the sterilized mushroom sticks to No. 2 Qihe mushroom varieties with the inoculation amount of 30-40 g/stick, placing the inoculated mushroom sticks in a culture greenhouse to culture for 95 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and carrying out pricking and oxygen introducing operation on the mushroom sticks in the period of time, so that the mushroom sticks are full in nodulation and good in chroma of the mushroom sticks. After the fungus sticks are mature, the fungus sticks are frozen and then discharged from the fungus shed for fruiting, and watering is carried out after the fungus sticks are put on the shelf, so that the fungus sticks absorb enough moisture for fruiting.
And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 15-20 days after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, injecting water into the mushroom sticks after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, discharging a second tide of mushrooms, and counting the fruiting yields and fruiting days of the first and second tides.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a mushroom culture medium, wherein raw materials of the mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent:
27% of walnut wood, 40% of phoenix tree wood, 10% of tea seed cake, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 0.5% of monopotassium phosphate.
The method for cultivating the shiitake mushrooms by adopting the shiitake mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
pulverizing walnut, phoenix tree and tea seed biscuit into 3-10mm granules, mixing with bran, gypsum, lime, magnesium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stirring, adjusting water content of the culture medium to 58%, and adjusting pH of the culture medium to 8.
And (3) bagging by using a horizontal semi-automatic bagging machine, wherein the fungus stick is selected from a low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag filler with the folding diameter of 15 cm, the material height is 42-44 cm, and the weight of the fungus stick is about 2.3 kg.
The prepared mushroom sticks were then sterilized at 117 ℃ for 12 hours using an autoclave. Inoculating the sterilized mushroom sticks to No. 2 Qihe mushroom varieties with the inoculation amount of 30-40 g/stick, placing the inoculated mushroom sticks in a culture greenhouse to culture for 95 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and carrying out pricking and oxygen introducing operation on the mushroom sticks in the period of time, so that the mushroom sticks are full in nodulation and good in chroma of the mushroom sticks. After the fungus sticks are mature, the fungus sticks are frozen and then discharged from the fungus shed for fruiting, and watering is carried out after the fungus sticks are put on the shelf, so that the fungus sticks absorb enough moisture for fruiting.
And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 15-20 days after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, injecting water into the mushroom sticks after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, discharging a second tide of mushrooms, and counting the fruiting yields and fruiting days of the first and second tides.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a mushroom culture medium, wherein raw materials of the mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent:
32% of walnut wood, 30% of phoenix tree wood and 10% of tea seed cake, 25% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 0.5% of monopotassium phosphate.
The method for cultivating the shiitake mushrooms by adopting the shiitake mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
mixing walnut, phoenix tree, tea seed cake, bran, gypsum, lime, magnesium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stirring, regulating water content of the culture medium to 58%, and regulating pH of the culture medium to 8.
And (3) bagging by using a horizontal semi-automatic bagging machine, wherein the fungus stick is selected from a low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag filler with the folding diameter of 15 cm, the material height is 42-44 cm, and the weight of the fungus stick is about 2.3 kg.
The prepared mushroom sticks were then sterilized at 117 ℃ for 12 hours using an autoclave. Inoculating the sterilized mushroom sticks to No. 2 Qihe mushroom varieties with the inoculation amount of 30-40 g/stick, placing the inoculated mushroom sticks in a culture greenhouse to culture for 95 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and carrying out pricking and oxygen introducing operation on the mushroom sticks in the period of time, so that the mushroom sticks are full in nodulation and good in chroma of the mushroom sticks. After the fungus sticks are mature, the fungus sticks are frozen and then discharged from the fungus shed for fruiting, and watering is carried out after the fungus sticks are put on the shelf, so that the fungus sticks absorb enough moisture for fruiting.
And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 15-20 days after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, injecting water into the mushroom sticks after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, discharging a second tide of mushrooms, and counting the fruiting yields and fruiting days of the first and second tides.
Comparative example 1
The raw materials of the mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent:
77% of apple wood, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium carbonate and 0.5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The method for cultivating the shiitake mushrooms by adopting the shiitake mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
crushing the raw material apple wood dry material (crushing into particles of 3-10 mm), mixing with bran, gypsum and lime, stirring, adjusting the water content of the culture medium to 58%, and adjusting the pH of the culture medium to 8.
And (3) bagging by using a horizontal semi-automatic bagging machine, wherein the fungus stick is selected from a low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag filler with the folding diameter of 15 cm, the material height is 42-44 cm, and the weight of the fungus stick is about 2.3 kg.
The prepared mushroom sticks were then sterilized at 117 ℃ for 12 hours using an autoclave. Inoculating the sterilized mushroom sticks to No. 2 Qihe mushroom varieties with the inoculation amount of 30-40 g/stick, placing the inoculated mushroom sticks in a culture greenhouse to culture for 95 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and carrying out pricking and oxygen introducing operation on the mushroom sticks in the period of time, so that the mushroom sticks are full in nodulation and good in chroma of the mushroom sticks. After the fungus sticks are mature, the fungus sticks are frozen and then discharged from the fungus shed for fruiting, and watering is carried out after the fungus sticks are put on the shelf, so that the fungus sticks absorb enough moisture for fruiting.
And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 15-20 days after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, injecting water into the mushroom sticks after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, discharging a second tide of mushrooms, and counting the fruiting yields and fruiting days of the first and second tides.
Comparative example 2
The raw materials of the mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent:
77% of walnut, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium carbonate and 0.5% of monopotassium phosphate.
The method for cultivating the shiitake mushrooms by adopting the shiitake mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
crushing the dry walnut material (crushed into particles of 3-10 mm), mixing with bran, gypsum and lime, stirring, adjusting the water content of the culture medium to 58%, and adjusting the pH of the culture medium to 8.
And (3) bagging by using a horizontal semi-automatic bagging machine, wherein the fungus stick is selected from a low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag filler with the folding diameter of 15 cm, the material height is 42-44 cm, and the weight of the fungus stick is about 2.3 kg.
The prepared mushroom sticks were then sterilized at 117 ℃ for 12 hours using an autoclave. Inoculating the sterilized mushroom sticks to No. 2 Qihe mushroom varieties with the inoculation amount of 30-40 g/stick, placing the inoculated mushroom sticks in a culture greenhouse to culture for 95 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and carrying out pricking and oxygen introducing operation on the mushroom sticks in the period of time, so that the mushroom sticks are full in nodulation and good in chroma of the mushroom sticks. After the fungus sticks are mature, the fungus sticks are frozen and then discharged from the fungus shed for fruiting, and watering is carried out after the fungus sticks are put on the shelf, so that the fungus sticks absorb enough moisture for fruiting.
And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 15-20 days after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, injecting water into the mushroom sticks after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, discharging a second tide of mushrooms, and counting the fruiting yields and fruiting days of the first and second tides.
Comparative example 3
The raw materials of the mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent:
77% of phoenix tree, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium carbonate and 0.5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The method for cultivating the shiitake mushrooms by adopting the shiitake mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
pulverizing the dried Firmiana platanifolia (pulverized into 3-10mm particles), mixing with testa Tritici, Gypsum Fibrosum, and lime, adjusting water content of the culture medium to 58%, and adjusting pH of the culture medium to 8.
And (3) bagging by using a horizontal semi-automatic bagging machine, wherein the fungus stick is selected from a low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag filler with the folding diameter of 15 cm, the material height is 42-44 cm, and the weight of the fungus stick is about 2.3 kg.
The prepared mushroom sticks were then sterilized at 117 ℃ for 12 hours using an autoclave. Inoculating the sterilized mushroom sticks to No. 2 Qihe mushroom varieties with the inoculation amount of 30-40 g/stick, placing the inoculated mushroom sticks in a culture greenhouse to culture for 95 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and carrying out pricking and oxygen introducing operation on the mushroom sticks in the period of time, so that the mushroom sticks are full in nodulation and good in chroma of the mushroom sticks. After the fungus sticks are mature, the fungus sticks are frozen and then discharged from the fungus shed for fruiting, and watering is carried out after the fungus sticks are put on the shelf, so that the fungus sticks absorb enough moisture for fruiting.
And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 15-20 days after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, injecting water into the mushroom sticks after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, discharging a second tide of mushrooms, and counting the fruiting yields and fruiting days of the first and second tides.
Experimental example 1
The method comprises the following steps of inoculating, warehousing and culturing in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-3, carrying out ex-warehouse, shelving and fruiting after culturing for 95 days, recording the state of each group of fungus sticks in the culturing stage, and evaluating the color change of the fungus sticks in the culturing stage of each group of formula fungus sticks as follows:
table 1: long speed comparison of culture Processes in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-3
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | |
| Time of full bag | 35 days | 35 days | 36 days | 35 days | 35 days | For 38 days | 39 days | 37 days |
As can be seen from Table 1, the different formulations of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-3 affect the growth rate, wherein the bag filling time of the shiitake sticks of examples 1, 2, 4 and 5 is 35 days, and the growth rate is faster. Next, the full-bag time of example 3 was 36 days, the full-bag time of comparative example 3 was 37 days, the full-bag time of comparative example 1 was 38 days, and the full-bag time of comparative example 2 was 39 days.
Table 2: color conversion evaluation of fungus stick during culture in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | |
| Evaluation of color conversion | Good color conversion | Good color conversion | Good color conversion | Good color conversion | Good color conversion | Color change in general | Color change in general | Color change in general |
As can be seen from table 2: by adopting the formula of adding walnut wood, phoenix tree and tea seed cakes in the examples 1-5, the color conversion degree of the mushroom sticks is good, which shows that the addition of the components is beneficial to the hypha to form better mycoderm, can effectively prevent the mixed bacteria from infecting the sticks, protect the sticks, reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, reduce the water evaporation of the sticks and the like. Compared with the experimental example, the color change of the comparative example is poor, and the quality of the fungus stick is general.
Experimental example 2
And (3) taking the mature mushroom sticks of the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-3 to be put on a shelf for fruiting, and recording the fruiting yields of the first and second tides, the fruiting bud amount of the first tide and the fruiting days.
As shown in figure 1, the bud number of the first-tide fruiting in the examples and the comparative examples is 40-52, and the bud number can be well controlled by the formula in the examples, as can be seen from figure 1. The bud number of the comparative examples 1 to 3 is 65 to 85, and the amount of the mushroom buds is more than that of the mushroom buds of the examples 1 to 5, so that the artificial bud thinning is increased, and simultaneously, a large amount of water and nutrition can be taken away by redundant mushroom buds to influence the yield.
As shown in FIG. 2, the first and second-tide yields of examples 1-5 are significantly higher than those of comparative examples 1-3, especially the first two-tide yield reaches 753 g, as shown in FIG. 2; secondly, in example 3, the yield of the first two tides in example 3 reaches 717 g; in example 1, the yield of fruiting in the first two tide reaches 688 g; example 4 the first two-tide fruiting yield reaches 663 g; example 5 the first two times of fruiting yield reaches 637 g; whereas the first two tides yield of comparative example 1 was 571 grams, the first two tides yield of comparative example 2 was 606 grams, and the first two tides yield of comparative example 3 was 593 grams. The mushroom culture medium and the cultivation method provided by the invention can obviously improve the fruiting yield of the first two tides.
The fruiting cycle is shown in figure 3. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the days for fruiting in examples 1-5 were all within the range of 52-63 days, which is shorter than the control. Wherein, the shortest fruiting period provided by the example 2 is 52 days. The fruiting periods of the comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 are respectively 66 days, 65 days and 66 days, which are longer than those of the experimental examples.
Experimental example 3
The experimental examples were conducted by calculation and analysis of the biotransformation efficiency of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3. The biotransformation efficiency is an index representing the nutrients (dry matter) consumed by the culture medium during the mushroom production process, and means the ratio of the amount of the substance per unit amount of the culture medium (air-dried) to the amount of the culture medium consumed after the culture of the produced fruit body. If 0.6 kg of air-dried material is left after 1 kg of dried material is produced in one production period, the biological conversion rate of the production is 40 percent, and is not related to the quantity of produced mushroom products; that is, the secondary production consumes 40% of the material (nutrients) regardless of the amount of the mushroom it produces.
Bioconversion As shown in FIG. 4, it can be seen from FIG. 4 that the bioconversion rates of examples 1-5 were in the range of 66% -78%, which is significantly higher than those of comparative examples 1-3. The biotransformation efficiency of example 2 was as high as 78%, that of example 3 was 74%, that of example 1 was 71%, that of example 4 was 69%, that of example 5 was 66%, that of comparative example 1 was 59%, that of comparative example 2 was 63%, and that of comparative example 3 was 61%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The mushroom culture medium is characterized in that raw materials of the mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 27-42% of walnut wood, 30-40% of phoenix tree wood, 5-15% of tea seed cake, 20-30% of bran, 1-2% of gypsum, 1-2% of lime, 0.1-0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.1-0.5% of potassium salt.
2. The mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials, based on 100% of the total dry materials of the mushroom culture medium: 42% of walnut wood, 30% of phoenix tree wood, 5% of tea seed cake, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.5% of potassium salt.
3. The mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials, based on 100% of the total dry materials of the mushroom culture medium: 37% of walnut wood, 30% of phoenix tree wood, 10% of tea seed cake, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.5% of potassium salt.
4. The mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials, based on 100% of the total dry materials of the mushroom culture medium: 32% of walnut wood, 30% of phoenix tree wood, 15% of tea seed cake, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.5% of potassium salt.
5. The mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials, based on 100% of the total dry materials of the mushroom culture medium: 27% of walnut wood, 40% of phoenix tree wood, 10% of tea seed cake, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.5% of potassium salt.
6. The mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the dry materials comprise the following raw materials, based on 100% of the total dry materials of the mushroom culture medium: 32% of walnut wood, 30% of phoenix tree wood, 10% of tea seed cake, 25% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 0.5% of magnesium salt and 0.5% of potassium salt.
7. Mushroom medium according to any one of the claims 1-6, characterized in that the magnesium salts are selected from at least one of magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate and magnesium carbonate; the potassium salt is at least one selected from potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.
8. The mushroom medium according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the water content of the mushroom medium is 50 to 60% based on 100% by weight of the mushroom medium;
preferably, the moisture content of the mushroom medium is 58%.
9. A cultivation method of shiitake mushroom using the shiitake mushroom culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of: crushing the dried mushroom culture medium raw materials, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content, bagging and sterilizing, then inoculating mushroom strains on sterilized mushroom sticks, culturing the mushroom sticks for 95 days, performing puncturing and oxygen aeration operation on the mushroom sticks during the culture period, fruiting the mushroom sticks after the mushroom sticks are mature, culturing the mushrooms for 15-20 days after the first step of fruiting is finished, and performing water injection on the mushroom sticks after the mushroom culture is finished, and then performing a second step of fruiting;
preferably, the temperature of the culture is 23-26 ℃.
10. The method for cultivating shiitake mushroom according to claim 9, wherein the mushroom stick is subjected to a puncture aeration treatment during the cultivation.
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