CN114431077A - Mushroom culture medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Mushroom culture medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114431077A CN114431077A CN202210273686.6A CN202210273686A CN114431077A CN 114431077 A CN114431077 A CN 114431077A CN 202210273686 A CN202210273686 A CN 202210273686A CN 114431077 A CN114431077 A CN 114431077A
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- wood chips
- mushroom
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- miscellaneous
- tung
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The invention discloses a mushroom culture medium, which comprises the following main raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 kg of sawdust, 5-15 kg of wheat bran, 1-3 kg of corn flour, 0.1-0.3 kg of calcium superphosphate, 0.04-0.06 kg of urea, 0.7-0.9 kg of gypsum and 0.7-0.9 kg of brown sugar. The wood chips are miscellaneous wood chips or tung wood chips. The miscellaneous wood chips include Japanese pagodatree wood chips, aspen wood chips, garden burnet wood chips and cork oak wood chips. The mushroom cultivation medium has the technical effects that the mushroom cultivation medium prepared by taking the miscellaneous wood chips or the tung wood chips as the main raw material can reduce the production cost, fully utilizes the waste materials generated in the processing of the wilderness woods and wood products, reduces the cutting of the mountainous woods, and simultaneously produces mushrooms with the yield and the quality equivalent to those of oak chips. The mushroom cultivation medium taking the miscellaneous wood chips and the tung wood chips as main raw materials can produce mushroom products with the quality and the yield equivalent to those of the oak chips as the mushroom cultivation medium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shiitake cultivation, in particular to a shiitake cultivation medium and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The mushroom is commonly known as Chinese mushroom, is a famous edible and medicinal dual-purpose cultivation fungus, has a long cultivation history in China, is deeply loved by consumers due to rich nutritional value and medicinal value, and is now the edible fungus artificially cultivated in the second largest world. In 2014, the yield of the Chinese mushrooms is increased to 735 ten thousand tons (accounting for 21.2 percent of the total yield of edible mushrooms in the same period) in China, and the Chinese mushrooms are the first in the world; the mushrooms are also mushrooms consumed worldwide, are exported for many years, and according to customs data statistics, in 2015, the quantity of exported mushrooms in China is 9.74 million tons, the year-on-year ratio is increased by 9.0%, the amount is 14.49 hundred million dollars, the average unit price is 1.487 million dollars per ton, and the year-on-year ratio is increased by 15.1% and 5.7% respectively. China mostly sells dried mushrooms, and in recent years, certain fresh mushrooms are exported. The mushroom has three basic modes of cut-log cultivation, artificial mushroom wood cultivation and field cultivation, with the continuous improvement of substitute cultivation technology and the enhancement of forest protection consciousness of people, cut-log cultivation is very little in recent years, Chinese mushroom mainly comes from substitute cultivation, and main substitute cultivation for mushroom is broad-leaved tree sawdust, partial needle-leaved tree sawdust (such as willow, fir and red pine) and shavings, paper scraps, cotton seed hulls, waste cotton, beet pulp, straws, corn stalks, corn cobs, wheat straws, sorghum hulls, peanut hulls, rice hulls and the like.
Therefore, due to rapid development of industries and the gradual depletion of broadleaf forest resources, there is a need to actively explore ways to reduce or replace wood chips. On the other hand, as the living standard of people is improved, people hope that the nutritional value and the medicinal value of the shiitake mushroom can also be improved, so that research and development of a high-quality shiitake mushroom alternative culture medium are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mushroom culture medium to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the mushroom culture substrate comprises the following main raw materials in parts by weight:
50-70 kg of sawdust, 5-15 kg of wheat bran, 1-3 kg of corn flour, 0.1-0.3 kg of calcium superphosphate, 0.04-0.06 kg of urea, 0.7-0.9 kg of gypsum and 0.7-0.9 kg of brown sugar.
Preferably, the wood chips are miscellaneous wood chips or tung wood chips.
Preferably, the miscellaneous wood chips include locust wood chips, aspen wood chips, ulmus parvifolia wood chips and quercus suber wood chips.
Preferably, the main nutrient components of the tung wood chips are as follows: 0.81% of nitrogen, 42.88% of organic carbon, 56.31% of other organic carbon and 52.94% of carbon-nitrogen ratio; ② 2.38 percent of crude protein, 55.2 percent of crude fiber, 21.8 percent of lignin and 20.62 percent of others.
Preferably, the main nutrient components of the tung wood chips are as follows: 0.63% of nitrogen, 43.13% of organic carbon, 56.24% of other organic carbon and 68.46% of carbon-nitrogen ratio; ② 1.14 percent of crude protein, 51.4 percent of crude fiber, 16.7 percent of lignin and 30.76 percent of others.
A preparation method of a mushroom culture medium specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: putting the miscellaneous tree wood chips or tung tree wood chips, wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, urea and gypsum into a mixing and stirring tank for uniformly mixing;
step two: dissolving brown sugar in warm boiled water, mixing the dissolved brown sugar into the mixing and stirring tank, adding water until the water content is 50-60%, and fully stirring uniformly to prepare a mixture;
step three: and D, stacking the mixture obtained in the step II for 8-10 hours to obtain the mushroom culture medium.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the mushroom culture medium, the main raw material mixed wood chips adopted in the mushroom culture medium belong to other wood product wastes, are wide in source and belong to waste utilization; the tung wood has the advantages of fast growth, wide resources, large reserves and low price. The mushroom cultivation medium prepared by using the miscellaneous wood chips or the tung wood chips as the main raw materials can reduce the production cost, fully utilizes the waste materials generated in the processing of the wilderness woods and the wood products, reduces the cutting of the mountain woods, and simultaneously produces the mushrooms with the yield and the quality equivalent to those of the oak chips.
2. The mushroom culture medium provided by the invention takes the miscellaneous wood chips and the tung wood chips as main raw materials, and can be used for producing mushroom products with the quality and yield equivalent to those of oak chips used as the mushroom culture medium.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: the mushroom culture substrate comprises the following main raw materials in parts by weight:
50-70 kg of sawdust, 5-15 kg of wheat bran, 1-3 kg of corn flour, 0.1-0.3 kg of calcium superphosphate, 0.04-0.06 kg of urea, 0.7-0.9 kg of gypsum and 0.7-0.9 kg of brown sugar.
In this embodiment, the wood chips are wood chips or tung wood chips.
In this embodiment, the miscellaneous wood chips include locust wood chips, aspen wood chips, ulmus parvifolia wood chips, and quercus suber wood chips.
In this embodiment, the main nutrient components of the wood chips of tung tree are: 0.81% of nitrogen, 42.88% of organic carbon, 56.31% of other organic carbon and 52.94% of carbon-nitrogen ratio; ② 2.38 percent of crude protein, 55.2 percent of crude fiber, 21.8 percent of lignin and 20.62 percent of others.
In this embodiment, the main nutrient components of the wood chips of tung tree are: 0.63% of nitrogen, 43.13% of organic carbon, 56.24% of other organic carbon and 68.46% of carbon-nitrogen ratio; ② 1.14 percent of crude protein, 51.4 percent of crude fiber, 16.7 percent of lignin and 30.76 percent of others.
The preparation method of the mushroom culture medium specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: putting the miscellaneous tree wood chips or tung tree wood chips, wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, urea and gypsum into a mixing and stirring tank for uniformly mixing;
step two: dissolving brown sugar in warm boiled water, mixing the dissolved brown sugar into the mixing and stirring tank, adding water until the water content is 50-60%, and fully stirring uniformly to prepare a mixture;
step three: and D, stacking the mixture obtained in the step II for 8-10 hours to obtain the mushroom culture medium.
An example of the application of the mushroom culture medium in the production of mushrooms is as follows:
the novel substrate cultivation test of the shiitake mushrooms in Majicun, Hansi town, Zhoumui county starts from 9 months in 2015, and comprises the following specific tests:
1 materials and methods
1.1 materials
1.1.1 test materials
And (3) mushroom 808: provided by Zhejiang Lishui Shanzhu mushroom research and development Co.
1.1.2 test substrates
Tung wood chips, miscellaneous wood chips and giant junci grasses: provided by telithromal biomass energy, inc, new m; calcium superphosphate, brown sugar, corn meal, gypsum powder, bran and urea are purchased in Zhengzhou high village farmer markets.
1.1 methods
The test is carried out by mixing, stacking, bagging, sterilizing, inoculating the cultivation materials at the beginning of 2015 9 months and 10-26 days, and then putting the cultivation materials into a sunlight greenhouse for spawn running and fruiting.
1.1.1 Mixed matrix treatment method
The same 0.8kg gypsum and 0.8kg brown sugar were added to 60kg of cultivation material, followed by different bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, urea. The four-factor three-level orthogonal mode treatment is adopted, and the header and the scheme are as the following table 1:
TABLE 1 orthogonal table head of mushroom cultivation auxiliary material and horizontal design of each factor
1.1.2 cultivation management:
the management is carried out by farmers uniformly, and the shiitake cultivated by the farmers with oak dust is used as a contrast.
1.2.3 Properties of the mixture substrate and the mushroom fruit body are measured:
randomly taking a plastic bag sample from the tung wood chips, the mixed wood chips and the pennisetum hydridum, marking a treatment number, and measuring the physical and chemical properties of the sample in a laboratory; samples were randomly taken from each treated mushroom body, sealed in a film, and taken to a laboratory for testing.
1.2.4 Observation and determination of morphological indices:
recording the growth amount of the hyphae every 6-7 days (taking the longest growing point of the hyphae as a measuring speed), and repeating for 3 times by taking the average value of 5 times of treatment as a standard; measuring the weight of 5 bag-removing fungus cylinders in each treatment of each crop, and repeating for 3 times; measuring the weight of 5 harvested fungus barrels and the weight loss of the fungus barrels in each treatment of each crop, and repeating for 3 times; measuring the diameter and crown diameter ratio of the fruiting bodies of the shiitake mushrooms with 5 fungus bags per treatment of each batch, and repeating for 3 times; and (5) counting the pollution rate and the yield.
1.2.5 determination of physiological indexes:
the amino acid content is determined according to GB/T14965-94 standard.
1.2.5 yield measurement:
measuring 5 fungus stick yields per treatment per crop, averaging, and repeating for 3 times; measuring the weight of each mushroom of 5 mushroom sticks in each treatment of each crop, and repeating the measurement for 3 times;
and (4) test conclusion:
1. the average growth quantity and the average growth rate of the hyphae of the tung wood chips are the largest, the miscellaneous wood chips are the next highest, and the oak chips of farmers are the slowest; the growth amount of most of the hyphae of the lentinus edodes of the tung wood chips and the miscellaneous wood chips exceeds the growth amount of the oak wood chips, and particularly the growth amount of the hyphae at the later stage of the tung wood chips exceeds the control; the miscellaneous wood chip treatment 5 and the miscellaneous wood chip treatment 6 promote the rapid growth of the mushroom hyphae, the tung wood chip treatment 1, 2, 6 and 8 promote the rapid growth of the mushroom hyphae, and the treatment 6 can promote the rapid growth of the mushroom hyphae.
2. The average single-stick yield of the mixed wood chips treated by 9 is 606.69g, the average single-stick yield of the tung wood chips treated by 9 is 590.4g, and the control single-stick yield is 600.56 g; the output of the miscellaneous wood chips and the tung wood chips which have the same volume are basically the same.
3. The average pileus diameter of the miscellaneous wood chips treated by 9 is 5.99cm, the average pileus diameter of the tung wood chips treated by 9 is 5.38cm, and the average pileus diameter of the comparison is 4.49cm, which shows that the average pileus diameter of the mushrooms produced by the miscellaneous wood chips and the tung wood chips treated by 9 is larger than that of the comparison.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the mushroom culture medium, the main raw material, namely the miscellaneous wood chips, adopted in the mushroom culture medium belongs to other wood product wastes, the sources are wide, and the waste utilization is realized; the tung wood has the advantages of fast growth, wide resources, large reserves and low price. The mushroom cultivation medium prepared by using the miscellaneous wood chips or the tung wood chips as the main raw materials can reduce the production cost, fully utilizes the waste materials generated in the processing of the wilderness woods and the wood products, reduces the cutting of the mountain woods, and simultaneously produces the mushrooms with the yield and the quality equivalent to those of the oak chips.
2. The mushroom culture medium provided by the invention takes the miscellaneous wood chips and the tung wood chips as main raw materials, and can be used for producing mushroom products with the quality and yield equivalent to those of oak chips used as the mushroom culture medium.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (6)
1. A mushroom culture medium is characterized in that: the main raw materials of the matrix comprise the following components by weight:
50-70 kg of sawdust, 5-15 kg of wheat bran, 1-3 kg of corn flour, 0.1-0.3 kg of calcium superphosphate, 0.04-0.06 kg of urea, 0.7-0.9 kg of gypsum and 0.7-0.9 kg of brown sugar.
2. The mushroom cultivation medium according to claim 1, wherein: the wood chips are miscellaneous wood chips or tung wood chips.
3. The mushroom cultivation medium according to claim 2, wherein: the miscellaneous wood chips include Japanese pagodatree wood chips, aspen wood chips, garden burnet wood chips and cork oak wood chips.
4. The mushroom cultivation medium according to claim 2, wherein: the main nutrient components of the tung tree wood dust are as follows: 0.81% of nitrogen, 42.88% of organic carbon, 56.31% of other organic carbon and 52.94% of carbon-nitrogen ratio; ② 2.38 percent of crude protein, 55.2 percent of crude fiber, 21.8 percent of lignin and 20.62 percent of others.
5. The mushroom cultivation medium according to claim 1, wherein: the main nutrient components of the tung tree wood dust are as follows: 0.63% of nitrogen, 43.13% of organic carbon, 56.24% of other organic carbon and 68.46% of carbon-nitrogen ratio; ② 1.14 percent of crude protein, 51.4 percent of crude fiber, 16.7 percent of lignin and 30.76 percent of others.
6. A method for preparing a mushroom culture medium, which is realized by any one of the above claims 1 to 5, and is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: putting the miscellaneous tree wood chips or tung tree wood chips, wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, urea and gypsum into a mixing and stirring tank for uniformly mixing;
step two: dissolving brown sugar in warm boiled water, mixing the dissolved brown sugar into the mixing and stirring tank, adding water until the water content is 50-60%, and fully stirring uniformly to prepare a mixture;
step three: and D, stacking the mixture obtained in the step II for 8-10 hours to obtain the mushroom culture medium.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210273686.6A CN114431077A (en) | 2022-03-19 | 2022-03-19 | Mushroom culture medium and preparation method thereof |
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| CN202210273686.6A CN114431077A (en) | 2022-03-19 | 2022-03-19 | Mushroom culture medium and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104402621A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-03-11 | 湖北省林业科学研究院 | Lentinula edodes cultivation medium |
| CN106380245A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-08 | 郑州市蔬菜研究所 | Letinous edodes cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN109328870A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-02-15 | 临城中兰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of mushroom cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof and application method |
| CN114303794A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-04-12 | 山东七河生物科技股份有限公司 | Shiitake culture medium and shiitake cultivation method |
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2022
- 2022-03-19 CN CN202210273686.6A patent/CN114431077A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104402621A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-03-11 | 湖北省林业科学研究院 | Lentinula edodes cultivation medium |
| CN106380245A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-08 | 郑州市蔬菜研究所 | Letinous edodes cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN109328870A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-02-15 | 临城中兰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of mushroom cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof and application method |
| CN114303794A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-04-12 | 山东七河生物科技股份有限公司 | Shiitake culture medium and shiitake cultivation method |
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