A kind of method and its application using fungi based biomass material chemistry pollution prevention
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental friendly material manufacture field, it is related to a kind of using fungi based biomass material chemistry pollution prevention
Method and its application.
Background technology
China is the very serious country of a desertification, and sandy land accounts for more than 1/6 national territorial area, and every
Year is increased with the speed of 60 sq-kms, is mainly distributed on 5 province such as Xinjiang, the Inner Mongol, Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu.There are about 4 in China
Hundred million populations are endangered by desertification, every year because desertification endanger caused by direct economic loss up to 120,000,000,000 yuan.Therefore, desertification
The prevention ecological problem being badly in need of solving into China or even the whole world.China is a large agricultural country, the farming generated every year
Hundred million tons of object stalk annual output 8-9, available is 700,000,000 tons or so, still has the non-efficiency processing of 1.7 hundred million tons of stalks every year and burns,
Cause severe air pollution.
At present, burned the phenomenon that serious with reference to China's desertification and agricultural crop straw, widely used straw checkerboard barrier fix the sand method into
The prevention of row desertification, this is also the most apparent method of current effect.Although this method can reduce the transportability of sediments of air-flow, and
And precipitation can be retained, reduce Shamian Island moisture evaporation, still, this method is unable to afforestation desert, and regulation effect cannot be lasting.
In addition, China is one of country that bio-diversity resources are most abundant in the world, it was reported that known edible is true
Bacterium resource accounts for about 50% or so of whole world total amount, and many of which fungi is wide with raw material utilization scope, and mycelium is flourishing, kink
The advantages of ability is strong, while edible fungal hypha cell wall is made of chitin or cellulose, a large amount of fungi polysaccharides are contained in inside,
With fabulous cementing effect.And agricultural crop straw can be eaten bacterium containing abundant cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin etc. and fill
Divide the nutriment utilized.
Therefore, how from numerous edible mushrooms, the specific fungi of cellulose and lignin conversion ability by force is filtered out, with reference to
The abundant agricultural crop straw in China, develops the fungi based biomass material of environmental protection, and by such material by potted plant and
Sand-protecting barrier retention is this field thing very urgent at present for the improvement of desertification.
Invention content
For this purpose, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are to overcome the blank of the prior art, solution checks winds and fixes drifting sand, afforests
The problem of desert, so as to propose a kind of method using fungi based biomass material chemistry pollution prevention.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention discloses a kind of sides using fungi based biomass material chemistry pollution prevention
Method, the method step are as follows:
1) prepared by culture raw material:Take the wheat stalk of 30-50 mass fractions, the maize straw of 5-15 mass fractions, 5-15
The rice straw of mass fraction, the bagasse of 10-25 mass fractions, 10-35 mass fractions wheat bran or corn flour, add in 60-
The water of 65 mass parts, abundant mixing;It after heat sterilization processing, is cooled to room temperature, obtains the culture raw material (water of the culture raw material
Content is divided to be less than 15%);
2) mycelia block makes:Fungi strain is inoculated in the culture raw material in aseptic inoculation room, is stirred evenly
To mixing material, after pack, sterile culture is carried out, until covering with mycelia in mixing material;Wherein described fungi strain and culture
The mass ratio of raw material is (5-10):100;
3) mold filling culture:The mixing material for covering with mycelia is crumbed, and adds in the land plaster of sterilizing, and abundant mixing inserts mold
It is interior, it carries out sterile culture 2-3 days, treats that mycelia covers with entire mold, and stop culture after largely twisting together on surface;Then at demoulding
Reason, products obtained therefrom is transferred in the mold for the two volumes size for being equivalent to products obtained therefrom and carries out second incubation, complete after 1-2 days
Into culture;The land plaster and the mass ratio of the mixing material for covering with mycelia are (10-20):100;
4) formed product:The product that mold filling culture is completed takes out out of mold, under the conditions of 30-80 DEG C at drying and dehydrating
Reason 3-12 hours, you can obtain biological material;The biological material for cuboid, square biomass board or
Biomass flowerpot for flowerpot shape;
5) processing checked winds and fixed drifting sand:
Grid cable is first pulled on sand dune, makes sand-protecting barrier vertical with prevailing wind direction, then by the biomass board of gained along grid
30-40cm in cable embedment sand bed, the height 20-25cm to basset form the grid-like barrier that fixes the sand;Taking will be in desert
The plant of plantation is planted in the biomass flowerpot obtained, then biomass flowerpot is embedded to the grid-like barrier that fixes the sand
In;
Or grid cable is first pulled on sand dune, then biomass flowerpot that kind is directly implanted with to plant is embedded to according to grid
About 20-30cm in sand bed, the height basseted about 20~25cm form the grid-like barrier that fixes the sand.
Preferably, in the step 1), the moisture of each raw material is less than 15% in the culture raw material.
Preferably, in the step 1), the condition of the sterilization treatment is:121 DEG C of high pressure steam sterilizations or microwave go out
Bacterium, sterilization time are 1-2 hours.
Preferably, in the step 3), the condition of the sterile culture is:20-30 DEG C of temperature, humidity 50-80%.
Preferably, in the step 2), the fungi strain is wooden shelf fungus;The condition of the sterile culture is:Temperature
22-28 DEG C of degree, humidity 60-70%.
More preferably, in the step 2), the cultivation temperature of fungi strain bacterial strain is 25 DEG C, pH 6.0.
Preferably, the fungi strain is obtained from the mother culture media culture that pH is 6.0;The mother culture media
It is formulated and is:The mixed extract of potato and sawdust composition contains glucose 20.0g, agar 18.0g per 1.0L.
Preferably, the original seed formula of the fungi strain be corncob 55%, cotton seed hulls 30%, wheat bran 15%.
Preferably, in the step 5), the biomass board, between any two need to there are about during sand bed is embedded to
The gap of 5cm or so, and front and rear gap needs to misplace or the biological material of flowerpot shape is embedded to during sand bed, front and rear two
The junction of the biological material of row's flowerpot dress, which need to misplace, puts.
The invention also discloses application of any one the method in the field of checking winds and fixing drifting sand.
The above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:The biological material that this method obtains is easy
In molding, the biomass board of different model and the biomass flowerpot of planting plants can be made according to demand;What this method obtained
Biological material water suction, water-holding capacity are good, except helping to reduce Shamian Island moisture evaporation, increase outside the reservoir storage in desert, also help
In the growth of potted plant, it is finally reached the purpose of afforestation desert;It is coarse that the biomass grid that this method obtains can increase earth's surface
Degree reduces surface layer air velocity, so as to reduce the transportability of sediments of air-flow, changes stream and takes spy of the husky amount with height distribution
Sign;The biological material that this method obtains can be degraded to organic fertilizer, increase organic matter to desert, improve desert ingredient, help
In fundamentally Desert Control;In addition, the growth that the organic fertilizer that degradation obtains can be plant is provided for a long term nutrition, it is finally reached
The purpose of afforestation desert.Therefore, this method has great market prospects and economic value.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 present embodiment discloses a kind of control of desert be biological material and with its improvement method, it is described
Method is as follows:
1st, prepared by culture raw material:Take the wheat stalk of 30-50 mass fractions, the maize straw of 5-15 mass fractions, 5-15
The rice straw of mass fraction, the bagasse of 10-25 mass fractions, 10-35 mass fractions wheat bran or corn flour, add in 60-
The water of 65 mass parts, abundant mixing;121 DEG C of high pressure steam sterilizations or microwave sterilization 1-2 hours, cooling are spare;
Material therefor requires fresh nothing to go mouldy, and moisture is less than 15%.
2nd, mycelia block makes:Production is inoculated in culture original with fungi strain by 5-10% (w/w) in aseptic inoculation room
It in material, stirs evenly, after pack, carries out sterile culture, condition of culture is:22-28 DEG C of temperature, humidity 60-70%, until material
On cover with mycelia.
The fungi strain of inoculation is wooden shelf fungus, and preferably number is AS5.132, is protected purchased from China General Microbiological strain
Administrative center (CGMCC) is hidden, mycelium is flourishing, growing way is good, mycelium kink power is strong.25 DEG C of the bacterial strain optimum growth temperature, most
The long pH of adaptability is 6.0.Mother culture based formulas:" potato+sawdust " extracting solution 1.0L, glucose 20.0g, agar 18.0g, pH
6.0.Original seed formula:Corncob 55%, cotton seed hulls 30%, wheat bran 15%, pH are natural.
3rd, mold filling culture:Gained mycelia block is crumbed, adds in the land plaster of 10-20% (w/w) sterilizing coolings, it is fully mixed
It is even, it inserts in particular mold, in Sterile culture room culture, condition of culture is:Temperature:20-30 DEG C, humidity:50%-80%.One
Secondary culture 2-3 days, treats that mycelia covers with entire mold, and stops culture after largely twisting together on surface.Then it demoulds, by products obtained therefrom
It is transferred in the mold of two volumes size and carries out second incubation, culture can be completed within 1-2 days, obtain biological material.Mold
For transparent plastic mould, size makes according to the size of product, and mold can seal.
4th, formed product:The product for cultivating completion is taken out out of mold, drying and dehydrating handles 3- under the conditions of 30-80 DEG C
12 hours, you can obtain environment protection biological material.Gained biological material includes two kinds:It is used to form the biology for the grid that fixes the sand
Lumber and the biomass flowerpot for planting plants.
5th, the processing checked winds and fixed drifting sand:Grid cable is first pulled on sand dune, sand-protecting barrier to be made to hang down with local prevailing wind direction
Directly, then by the biomass board of gained along grid cable 30-40cm, the height 20-25cm to basset along sand bed are embedded to, are formed
The grid-like barrier that fixes the sand;It takes and is suitble to the growing plants in desert, be planted in biomass flowerpot obtained, it then will be biological
Matter flowerpot is embedded in the grid-like barrier that fixes the sand.
Or grid cable is first pulled on sand dune, then biomass flowerpot that kind is directly implanted with to plant is embedded to according to grid
About 20-30cm in sand bed, the height basseted about 20~25cm form grid-like green sand-fixing barrier.The biology
In matter flowerpot during planting plants, the soil or organic matter suitable for plant growth of 3/4 volume should be filled.
The biomass board, between any two need to there are about 5cm's or so during embedment sand bed forms grid
Gap, and front and rear gap needs to misplace, it is therefore intended that it preferably reduces the transportability of sediments of air-flow and increases biomass grid
Service life.Plant to be planted can be all kinds of psammophytes such as sacsaoul, hedysarum scoparium, caragana microphylla.
The present embodiment edible fungal hypha grows characteristic rapid, that kink power is strong, and agricultural crop straw is converted into environmental protection
The biological material of type, this kind of material manufacture craft simplicity, ecological, environmental protective, water suction water-holding capacity are strong, special with preferable degradation
Property.In addition to fixing the sand using the biological material, the biological material potted plant afforestation desert can also be utilized, it is high so as to reach
Imitate lasting regulation effect.
Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarifying the description, and is not intended to limit the embodiments.It is right
For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description it is other it is various forms of variation or
It changes.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And the obvious variation thus extended out or
Among changing still in the protection domain of the invention.