CN113016595A - Degradable planting block for promoting crop growth for water planting and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Degradable planting block for promoting crop growth for water planting and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention provides a degradable planting block for promoting crop growth for water culture and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the planting block is formed by inoculating fungus strains to a solid material mixed with water and then twisting the strains; the solid material consists of 30-90 wt% of component A and 10-70 wt% of component B; the component A comprises: 40-105 parts of straws, 5-25 parts of wheat bran, 0-15 parts of corn flour, 0-3 parts of quicklime and 0-3 parts of gypsum; the component B consists of vermiculite and/or coconut coir; the solid material is: the weight ratio of water is 100: 60-70. The planting block has the characteristics of simple formula, ecological environment protection, easy degradation, water retention, air permeability, loose texture and the like, is more favorable for the growth of plant roots, and greatly increases the plant height and fresh weight of dark vegetables; the vegetable obtained by planting has better taste; also solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by the plastic waste treatment of the sponge planting block in the later period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soilless culture, in particular to a degradable planting block for promoting crop growth and used for water culture and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The soilless culture is a new high-tech agricultural technology formed by assembling and matching technological achievements of modern industry and agriculture, and the core of the soilless culture is that a culture substrate and corresponding nutrient solution are used for replacing soil, and good water, fertilizer, gas, heat and other rhizosphere environment conditions are provided for the planted crops in the growth process of the planted crops, so that the crops can be guaranteed to smoothly complete the whole growth period, and high-quality and high-yield horticultural products can be obtained. Compared with soil cultivation, the soilless culture technology has its own unique advantages, such as: the land utilization rate is greatly improved; water and fertilizer are saved, labor force is saved, and agricultural modernization is facilitated; reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, and can overcome the problems of soil salinization, continuous cropping obstacle and the like.
In the existing soilless culture, a large amount of plastic products such as sponge planting blocks, rock wool boards and the like are used for fixing plant root systems, the materials cannot be reused once or for several times and can only be discarded, but are difficult to decompose under natural conditions after being discarded, so that the environment is seriously polluted, and particularly, the plastic products form public hazards in the Netherlands with the largest culture area of the rock wool. In recent years, organic ecotype soilless culture techniques have been developed, and the substrates used in the techniques are all solid substrates, mainly organic substrates, which have excellent properties and are mostly peat used in early stages, but excessive exploitation of peat seriously damages the ecological environment of the wetlands.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the degradable planting block which can replace a sponge planting block and can promote the growth of the root system of the plant and increase the yield is manufactured.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the degradable planting block for promoting the growth of crops in water culture is formed by inoculating fungus strains to a solid material after being mixed with water and then growing and kinking; the solid material consists of 30 to 90 weight percent of component A and 10 to 70 weight percent of component B; the component A comprises: 40-105 parts of straws, 5-25 parts of wheat bran, 0-15 parts of corn flour, 0-3 parts of quicklime and 0-3 parts of gypsum; the component B consists of vermiculite and/or coconut coir; the solid material is: the weight ratio of water is 100: 60-70.
Furthermore, the straws are composed of one or more of bagasse, wheat straws, corn straws, corncobs, hemp stalks and rape straws.
Furthermore, the straws consist of 25-60 parts by weight of bagasse, 10-30 parts by weight of wheat straws and 5-15 parts by weight of corncobs.
Furthermore, the straws consist of 30-60 parts by weight of hemp stalks, 10-35 parts by weight of corn straws and 0-10 parts by weight of corncobs.
Furthermore, the straws consist of 25 to 50 weight parts of rape straws, 10 to 40 weight parts of corn straws and 5 to 15 weight parts of corncobs.
Further, the component B is prepared from vermiculite and coconut husk according to the proportion of vermiculite: 1: (1-3) in the above ratio.
Further, the fungus strain is one of ganoderma lucidum, oyster mushroom and needle mushroom.
The manufacturing method of the degradable planting block for promoting the growth of crops in water culture comprises the following steps of:
a1: weighing and mixing the crushed straws, wheat bran, corn flour, quicklime and gypsum according to the required weight part to obtain a component A; weighing vermiculite and/or coconut coir as required to obtain component B.
A2: weighing the component A and the component B as required, mixing to obtain a solid material, and mixing the components according to the weight ratio of the solid material: the weight ratio of water is 100: adding water in the proportion of 60-70, and uniformly mixing to obtain the culture material.
A3: inoculating fungus strain into sterilized culture material according to the proportion of 3-10% (w/w), and culturing for 4-6 days at 20-30 deg.C and humidity of 50-80% to obtain mycelium block.
A4: pulverizing the mycelium block, filling into a mold, compacting, and culturing at 20-30 deg.C and humidity of 50-80% in sterile environment for 4-6 days to obtain planting block.
Further, after the step a4, the method further includes the steps of: the field planting block is dried by hot air circulation to kill fungi inoculated to the sample at 90-120 ℃.
Further, in the step A3, the sterilized culture material is obtained by high-temperature sterilization for 1-2h at the temperature of 121-.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the planting block is formed by twisting straw agricultural wastes, coconut chaff and vermiculite by using fungal mycelia as a natural adhesive, has the characteristics of simple formula, ecological environment friendliness, easiness in degradation, water retention, air permeability, loose texture, strong water retention property and the like, and is more favorable for the growth of plant roots. In a water planting experiment, compared with a sponge planting block, the planting block has excellent performance in promoting the growth of dark vegetables, namely the plant height and the fresh weight are both greatly increased, particularly the fresh weight is 76.96 to 142.7 percent higher than that of the Japanese komatsuna; the fresh weight of the red amaranth is 20.04 to 22 percent higher; the fresh weight of the root system of the red amaranth is higher than 178.57-375 percent, so that the growth of the root system is greatly promoted; the water content of the vegetables cultured by the planting blocks is 1.04 percent lower than that of the sponge planting blocks, and the taste of the vegetables is better than that of the vegetables cultured by the sponge planting blocks; meanwhile, the problem of environmental pollution caused by the treatment of plastic wastes such as sponge planting blocks and the like in the later period is solved.
Detailed Description
The most key concept of the invention is as follows: the degradable agricultural wastes and the fungi growth kinking effect are utilized to manufacture the planting block which has water absorption and is not easy to loosen before the plant picking period, the traditional sponge planting block is replaced for water planting, and the customized block can promote the growth of the plant root system in the planting process to obtain high yield.
In order to further explain the feasibility of the inventive concept, the technical content, the structural features, the objects and the effects thereof according to the present invention are described in detail in the following with reference to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
The degradable planting block for promoting the growth of crops in water culture is formed by inoculating fungus strains to a solid material after being mixed with water and then growing and kinking; the solid material consists of 30 to 90 weight percent of component A and 10 to 70 weight percent of component B; the component A comprises 40-105 parts by weight of straws, 5-25 parts by weight of wheat bran, 0-15 parts by weight of corn flour, 0-3 parts by weight of quicklime and 0-3 parts by weight of gypsum; the component B consists of vermiculite and/or coconut coir; the solid material is: the weight ratio of water is 100: 60-70.
Example 2
On the basis of the above embodiment, the straw is composed of one or more of bagasse, wheat straw, corn cob, hemp stalk, and rape straw.
For example: the straws consist of 25-60 parts by weight of bagasse, 10-30 parts by weight of wheat straws and 5-15 parts by weight of corncobs.
Another example is: the straw is composed of 30-60 parts by weight of hemp stalk, 10-35 parts by weight of corn straw and 0-10 parts by weight of corncob.
Another example is: the straws consist of 25-50 parts by weight of rape straws, 10-40 parts by weight of corn straws and 5-15 parts by weight of corncobs.
Example 3
On the basis of the above examples, the component B is prepared from vermiculite and coconut coir according to the proportion of vermiculite: 1: (1-3) in the above ratio. The fungus strain is one of Ganoderma, Pleurotus Ostreatus, and Flammulina velutipes.
Example 4
The manufacturing method of the degradable planting block for promoting the growth of the crops in the water culture of the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
a1: weighing and mixing the crushed straws, wheat bran, corn flour, quicklime and gypsum according to the required weight part to obtain a component A; weighing vermiculite and/or coconut coir as required to obtain component B.
A2: weighing the component A and the component B as required, mixing to obtain a solid material, and mixing the components according to the weight ratio of the solid material: the weight ratio of water is 100: adding water in the proportion of 60-70, and uniformly mixing to obtain the culture material.
A3: inoculating fungus strain into sterilized culture material according to the proportion of 3-10% (w/w), and culturing for 4-6 days at 20-30 deg.C and humidity of 50-80% to obtain mycelium block; the sterilized culture material is obtained by high-temperature sterilization for 1-2h at the temperature of 121-126 ℃ and the pressure of 0.15MPa and then cooling.
A4: the mycelium blocks are crushed, filled and compacted in a mold, and cultured for 4-6 days under the sterile environment condition that the temperature is 20-30 ℃ and the humidity is 50-80% to obtain the field planting blocks.
Example 5
On the basis of example 4, the planting blocks are dried by hot air circulation to kill fungi inoculated to the samples at 90-120 ℃.
Example 6
The manufacturing method of the degradable planting block used for water planting and promoting the growth of crops comprises the following steps of:
a1: weighing 30 parts by weight of hemp stems, 10 parts by weight of corn straws, 10 parts by weight of corncobs, 5 parts by weight of wheat bran and 3 parts by weight of gypsum, and mixing to obtain a component A; according to the proportion of vermiculite: 1:1, weighing vermiculite and coconut husk to obtain the component B.
A2: weighing 90% of the component A and 10% of the component B, and mixing to obtain a solid material, wherein the solid material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the weight ratio of water is 100: adding water according to the proportion of 60, and uniformly mixing to obtain the culture material.
A3: inoculating Ganoderma lucidum solid strain into sterilized culture medium at a ratio of 3% (w/w), and culturing at 20 deg.C and humidity of 50% in sterile environment for 6 days to obtain mycelium block; the sterilized culture material is obtained by sterilizing at a high temperature of 126 ℃ and under a pressure of 0.15MPa for 1h and then cooling.
A4: the mycelium blocks are crushed, filled and compacted in a mold, and cultured for 4 days under the sterile environment condition that the temperature is 20 ℃ and the humidity is 50% to obtain the field planting blocks.
Example 7
The manufacturing method of the degradable planting block used for water planting and promoting the growth of crops comprises the following steps of:
a1: weighing 60 parts by weight of hemp stems, 35 parts by weight of corn straws, 25 parts by weight of wheat bran, 10 parts by weight of corn flour and 3 parts by weight of quicklime, and mixing to obtain a component A; according to the proportion of vermiculite: 1: 3 weighing vermiculite and coconut coir according to the proportion to obtain the component B.
A2: weighing 30% of the component A and 70% of the component B, and mixing to obtain a solid material, wherein the solid material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the weight ratio of water is 100: 70, adding water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the culture material.
A3: inoculating Pleurotus Ostreatus solid strain into sterilized culture medium at a ratio of 10% (w/w), and culturing at 30 deg.C and humidity of 80% in sterile environment for 4 days to obtain mycelium block; the sterilized culture material is obtained by sterilizing at high temperature for 2h under the conditions that the temperature is 121 ℃ and the pressure is 0.15MPa and then cooling.
A4: the mycelium blocks are crushed, filled and compacted in a mold, and cultured for 6 days under the aseptic environment condition with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 80 percent to obtain the field planting blocks.
Example 8
The manufacturing method of the degradable planting block used for water planting and promoting the growth of crops comprises the following steps of:
a1: weighing 25 parts by weight of bagasse, 10 parts by weight of wheat straw, 15 parts by weight of corncob, 5 parts by weight of wheat bran and 3 parts by weight of gypsum, and mixing to obtain a component A; according to the proportion of vermiculite: 1:1, weighing vermiculite and coconut husk to obtain the component B.
A2: weighing 90% of the component A and 10% of the component B, and mixing to obtain a solid material, wherein the solid material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the weight ratio of water is 100: adding water according to the proportion of 60, and uniformly mixing to obtain the culture material.
A3: inoculating Ganoderma lucidum solid strain into sterilized culture medium at a ratio of 3% (w/w), and culturing at 20 deg.C and humidity of 50% in sterile environment for 6 days to obtain mycelium block; the sterilized culture material is obtained by sterilizing at a high temperature of 126 ℃ and under a pressure of 0.15MPa for 1h and then cooling.
A4: the mycelium blocks are crushed, filled and compacted in a mold, and cultured for 4 days under the sterile environment condition that the temperature is 20 ℃ and the humidity is 50% to obtain the field planting blocks.
Example 9
The manufacturing method of the degradable planting block used for water planting and promoting the growth of crops comprises the following steps of:
a1: weighing 60 parts by weight of bagasse, 30 parts by weight of wheat straw, 5 parts by weight of corncob, 25 parts by weight of wheat bran, 10 parts by weight of corn flour and 3 parts by weight of quicklime, and mixing to obtain a component A; according to the proportion of vermiculite: 1: 3 weighing vermiculite and coconut coir according to the proportion to obtain the component B.
A2: weighing 30% of the component A and 70% of the component B, and mixing to obtain a solid material, wherein the solid material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the weight ratio of water is 100: 70, adding water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the culture material.
A3: inoculating needle mushroom solid strain into sterilized culture material at a ratio of 10% (w/w), and culturing at 30 deg.C and humidity of 80% in sterile environment for 4 days to obtain mycelium block; the sterilized culture material is obtained by sterilizing at high temperature for 2h under the conditions that the temperature is 121 ℃ and the pressure is 0.15MPa and then cooling.
A4: the mycelium blocks are crushed, filled and compacted in a mold, and cultured for 6 days under the aseptic environment condition with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 80 percent to obtain the field planting blocks.
Example 10
The manufacturing method of the degradable planting block used for water planting and promoting the growth of crops comprises the following steps of:
a1: weighing 25 parts by weight of rape straw, 10 parts by weight of corn straw, 15 parts by weight of corncob, 5 parts by weight of wheat bran and 3 parts by weight of gypsum, and mixing to obtain a component A; according to the proportion of vermiculite: 1:1, weighing vermiculite and coconut husk to obtain the component B.
A2: weighing 90% of the component A and 10% of the component B, and mixing to obtain a solid material, wherein the solid material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the weight ratio of water is 100: adding water according to the proportion of 60, and uniformly mixing to obtain the culture material.
A3: inoculating Ganoderma lucidum solid strain into sterilized culture medium at a ratio of 3% (w/w), and culturing at 20 deg.C and humidity of 50% in sterile environment for 6 days to obtain mycelium block; the sterilized culture material is obtained by sterilizing at high temperature for 1h under the conditions that the temperature is 121 ℃ and the pressure is 0.15MPa, and then cooling.
A4: the mycelium blocks are crushed, filled and compacted in a mold, and cultured for 4 days under the sterile environment condition that the temperature is 20 ℃ and the humidity is 50% to obtain the field planting blocks.
Example 11
The manufacturing method of the degradable planting block used for water planting and promoting the growth of crops comprises the following steps of:
a1: weighing 50 parts by weight of rape straw, 40 parts by weight of corn straw, 5 parts by weight of corncob, 25 parts by weight of wheat bran, 10 parts by weight of corn flour and 3 parts by weight of quicklime, and mixing to obtain a component A; according to the proportion of vermiculite: 1: 3 weighing vermiculite and coconut coir according to the proportion to obtain the component B.
A2: weighing 30% of the component A and 70% of the component B, and mixing to obtain a solid material, wherein the solid material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the weight ratio of water is 100: 70, adding water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the culture material.
A3: inoculating needle mushroom solid strain into sterilized culture material at a ratio of 10% (w/w), and culturing at 30 deg.C and humidity of 80% in sterile environment for 4 days to obtain mycelium block; the sterilized culture material is obtained by sterilizing at high temperature for 2h under the conditions that the temperature is 121 ℃ and the pressure is 0.15MPa and then cooling.
A4: the mycelium blocks are crushed, filled and compacted in a mold, and cultured for 6 days under the aseptic environment condition with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 80 percent to obtain the field planting blocks.
To further illustrate the feasibility of the inventive concept, the following experimental examples and experimental results are described. The following test examples have different material formulations, but the steps of inoculation culture and drying of the planting block samples are the same:
test example 1
The degradable planting block for promoting the growth of crops in water culture is prepared according to the following preparation method, the preparation method comprises the steps of solid material preparation, inoculation culture and planting block sample drying, wherein the solid material preparation comprises the following steps:
weighing 35 parts by weight of bagasse, 30 parts by weight of wheat straw, 10 parts by weight of corncob, 25 parts by weight of wheat bran and 5 parts by weight of corn flour to obtain a component A; selecting coconut coir as a component B; weighing 50% (w/w) of the component A and 50% (w/w) of the component B, mixing, adding tap water, mixing, adjusting pH to 7.0 with quick lime to obtain a solid material, adjusting the water content of the solid material to 65%, bagging, and sterilizing at 121-126 deg.C and 0.15Mpa for 2 hr.
Test example 2
The degradable planting block for promoting the growth of crops in water culture is prepared according to the following preparation method, the preparation method comprises the steps of solid material preparation, inoculation culture and planting block sample drying, wherein the solid material preparation comprises the following steps:
weighing 35 parts by weight of bagasse, 30 parts by weight of wheat straw, 10 parts by weight of corncob, 25 parts by weight of wheat bran and 5 parts by weight of corn flour to obtain a component A; vermiculite is selected as a component B; weighing 60% (w/w) of the component A and 40% (w/w) of the component B, mixing, adding tap water, mixing, adjusting the pH to 7.0 with quick lime to obtain a solid material, adjusting the water content of the solid material to 65%, bagging, and sterilizing at 121-126 ℃ and 0.15Mpa for 2 hours.
Test example 3
The degradable planting block for promoting the growth of crops in water culture is prepared according to the following preparation method, the preparation method comprises the steps of solid material preparation, inoculation culture and planting block sample drying, wherein the solid material preparation comprises the following steps:
weighing 35 parts by weight of bagasse, 30 parts by weight of wheat straw, 10 parts by weight of corncob, 25 parts by weight of wheat bran and 5 parts by weight of corn flour to obtain a component A; vermiculite is selected as a component B; weighing 50% (w/w) of the component A and 50% (w/w) of the component B, mixing, adding tap water, mixing, adjusting pH to 7.5 with quick lime to obtain solid material, adjusting water content of the solid material to 70%, bagging, and sterilizing at 121-126 deg.C and 0.15Mpa for 2 hr.
Test example 4
The degradable planting block for promoting the growth of crops in water culture is prepared according to the following preparation method, the preparation method comprises the steps of solid material preparation, inoculation culture and planting block sample drying, wherein the solid material preparation comprises the following steps:
weighing 35 parts by weight of bagasse, 30 parts by weight of wheat straw, 10 parts by weight of corncob, 25 parts by weight of wheat bran and 5 parts by weight of corn flour to obtain a component A; according to the proportion of vermiculite: weighing vermiculite and coconut coir according to the ratio of 1:1, and uniformly mixing to obtain a component B; weighing 50% (w/w) of the component A and 50% (w/w) of the component B, mixing, adding tap water, mixing, adjusting pH to 7.0 with quick lime to obtain a solid material, adjusting the water content of the solid material to 65%, bagging, and sterilizing at 121-126 deg.C and 0.15Mpa for 2 hr.
Test example 5
The degradable planting block for promoting the growth of crops in water culture is prepared according to the following preparation method, the preparation method comprises the steps of solid material preparation, inoculation culture and planting block sample drying, wherein the solid material preparation comprises the following steps:
weighing 35 parts by weight of bagasse, 30 parts by weight of wheat straw, 10 parts by weight of corncob, 25 parts by weight of wheat bran and 5 parts by weight of corn flour to obtain a component A; according to the proportion of vermiculite: weighing vermiculite and coconut coir according to the ratio of 1:1, and uniformly mixing to obtain a component B; weighing 70% (w/w) of the component A and 30% (w/w) of the component B, mixing, adding tap water, mixing, adjusting the pH to 7.0 with quick lime to obtain a solid material, adjusting the water content of the solid material to 65%, bagging, and sterilizing at 121-126 ℃ and 0.15Mpa for 2 hours.
Test example 6
The degradable planting block for promoting the growth of crops in water culture is prepared according to the following preparation method, the preparation method comprises the steps of solid material preparation, inoculation culture and planting block sample drying, wherein the solid material preparation comprises the following steps:
weighing 35 parts by weight of bagasse, 30 parts by weight of wheat straw, 10 parts by weight of corncob, 25 parts by weight of wheat bran and 5 parts by weight of corn flour to obtain a component A; according to the proportion of vermiculite: weighing vermiculite and coconut coir according to the ratio of 1:2, and uniformly mixing to obtain a component B; weighing 70% (w/w) of the component A and 30% (w/w) of the component B, mixing, adding tap water, mixing, adjusting the pH to 7.0 with quick lime to obtain a solid material, adjusting the water content of the solid material to 65%, bagging, and sterilizing at 121-126 ℃ and 0.15Mpa for 2 hours.
Test example 7
The degradable planting block for promoting the growth of crops in water culture is prepared according to the following preparation method, the preparation method comprises the steps of solid material preparation, inoculation culture and planting block sample drying, wherein the solid material preparation comprises the following steps:
weighing 25 parts by weight of bagasse, 30 parts by weight of wheat straw, 15 parts by weight of corncob, 20 parts by weight of wheat bran and 10 parts by weight of corn flour to obtain a component A; vermiculite is selected as a component B; weighing 50% (w/w) of the component A and 50% (w/w) of the component B, mixing, adding tap water, mixing, adjusting pH to 7.5 with quick lime to obtain solid material, adjusting water content of the solid material to 70%, bagging, and sterilizing at 121-126 deg.C and 0.15Mpa for 2 hr.
Test example 8
The degradable planting block for promoting the growth of crops in water culture is prepared according to the following preparation method, the preparation method comprises the steps of solid material preparation, inoculation culture and planting block sample drying, wherein the solid material preparation comprises the following steps:
weighing 55 parts by weight of bagasse, 15 parts by weight of wheat straw, 5 parts by weight of corncob, 20 parts by weight of wheat bran and 5 parts by weight of corn flour to obtain a component A; vermiculite is selected as a component B; weighing 50% (w/w) of the component A and 50% (w/w) of the component B, mixing, adding tap water, mixing, adjusting pH to 7.5 with quick lime to obtain solid material, adjusting water content of the solid material to 70%, bagging, and sterilizing at 121-126 deg.C and 0.15Mpa for 2 hr.
Comparative example 1
A contrast sample of a degradable planting block for promoting crop growth for water planting is prepared according to the following preparation method, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of solid material preparation, inoculation culture and planting block sample drying, and the solid material preparation comprises the following steps:
weighing 35 parts by weight of bagasse, 30 parts by weight of wheat straw, 10 parts by weight of corncob, 25 parts by weight of wheat bran and 5 parts by weight of corn flour to obtain a component A; adding tap water into the component A, mixing, adjusting pH to 7.0 with calx to obtain solid material, adjusting water content of the solid material to 65%, bagging, and sterilizing at 121-126 deg.C and 0.15Mpa for 2 hr.
In the above test examples 1 to 8 and comparative example 1, after the preparation step of the solid material is completed, the steps of inoculation culture and field planting block sample drying are also sequentially performed:
an inoculation culture step: cooling the sterilized raw materials to room temperature, inoculating fungus strains for production into the solid materials according to the proportion of 10% (w/w) in an aseptic environment, uniformly stirring, filling the inoculated culture raw materials into a special fungus bag, placing the special fungus bag into an aseptic culture room, culturing for 4-6 days at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, and obtaining a fungus hypha block when hypha grows over the whole fungus bag; crushing the hypha blocks in an ultra-clean workbench, filling the crushed hypha blocks into a special planting block mold which is sterilized, compacting and then placing the hypha blocks into an aseptic culture room, and culturing for 4-6 days at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain planting blocks, wherein the environmental humidity of the culture is 50-80%. After the cultivation, the hyphae were observed to grow over the entire mold and twisted a lot on the surface of the planting pieces.
In the inoculation culture step, Ganoderma lucidum solid strains were used in test examples 1-8 and comparative example 1.
And (3) drying a planting block sample: taking out the cultured field planting block sample from the mold, and drying by hot air circulation at 90-120 ℃ to kill fungi inoculated to the sample.
Comparative example 2
Traditional sponge field planting blocks.
TABLE 1 comparison of Water absorption Properties, appearance changes and degradation periods for different blocks of permanent planting
| Water absorption multiple of 24h | Days and appearance after hydroponics | Days of first Damage | Degradation period (sky) | |
| Test example 1 | 3.45 | 20d, two thirds of the sample is rotten | 14 | 60 |
| Test example 2 | 2.94 | 30d, the sample is compact and can be formed | Greater than 30 | 90 |
| Test example 3 | 2.75 | 30d, the sample structure is complete | Greater than 30 | 90 |
| Test example 4 | 3.36 | 21d, breakage of the sample | 21 | 75 |
| Test example 5 | 2.56 | 40d, the sample structure is complete | Greater than 30 | 90 |
| Test example 6 | 2.58 | 40d, the sample structure is complete | Greater than 30 | 90 |
| Test example 7 | 2.93 | 21d, breakage of the sample | 21 | 75 |
| Test example 8 | 2.41 | 40d, the sample structure is complete | Greater than 30 | 90 |
| Comparative example 1 | 2.33 | 40d, the sample structure is complete | Greater than 30 | 90 |
| Comparative example 2 | 45.7 | The sample structure is complete throughout | Not damaged | Does not degrade |
Respectively testing the water absorption times of the planting blocks in 24 hours according to the experimental examples 1-8 and the comparative examples 1-2, and calculating the water absorption times by using the planting blocks; and observing appearance change and degradation condition of each group of samples in the water culture process. The specific results are detailed in table 1.
As can be seen from the data and result analysis in the table 1, the degradable planting block for promoting the growth of crops in the water culture prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is degradable, good in water absorption performance and complete in sample structure, and can be used for replacing the traditional sponge to carry out the water culture. The used manufacturing materials are easy to obtain, and the problem of treatment of agricultural waste materials can be solved.
To further verify the superiority of hydroponics of a degradable colonization block for promoting crop growth prepared by the method of the present invention for hydroponics, discussion will be made below based on the hydroponic japanese pinus test and the hydroponic copperleaf test.
One, water culture of Japanese white pine vegetable test
Planting the seedlings of the 15d old seedlings of the two-leaf and one-core Japanese juniper in 9 groups of degradable planting blocks of the experimental examples 1-8 and the comparative example 1, and simultaneously setting up a sponge control group of the comparative example 2, wherein 10 seedlings are planted in each group; the culture temperature is 24-26 deg.C, humidity is 70-80%, photoperiod is 12h, and light intensity is 280 μmol/m2s, pH value of culture solution is 5.5-6.8, EC value is 1.6-2.5, culturing for 30d, harvesting, and measuring plant height and fresh weightSpecific data on the average plant height and average fresh weight of komatsuna are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 comparison of plant height and fresh weight data for 30d water planting of Pinus koraiensis with different planting blocks
| Test example 1 | Test example 2 | Test example 3 | Test example 4 | Test example 5 | Test example 6 | Test example 7 | Test example 8 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Fresh weight (g) | 25.14 | 20.47 | 60.68 | 44.24 | 31.49 | 19.24 | 26.12 | 35.16 | 2.79 | 25.00 |
| Plant height (mm) | 255.83 | 207.00 | 236.50 | 314.00 | 189.33 | 197.50 | 220.38 | 227.52 | 147.00 | 218.80 |
As can be seen from table 2, the komatsuna planted with the degradable planting blocks of experimental example 3 and experimental example 4 exceeded the sponge control group of comparative example 2 in both plant height and fresh weight, and particularly, exceeded 76.96% to 142.7% in fresh weight. Therefore, the degradable planting block for water culture and promoting crop growth can be used for replacing a sponge planting block to perform water culture planting, and the degradable planting block for water culture and promoting crop growth can also have the effect of promoting growth of dark vegetable plants.
Second, Water planting of Red amaranth
Planting 18d old two-leaf and one-heart red amaranth seedlings which are well grown in advance in 2 degradable planting blocks of the experimental example 3 and the comparative example 1, and simultaneously setting up 90 seedlings of each group of sponge control groups of the comparative example 2; culturing at 24-26 deg.C, humidity of 70-80%, photoperiod of 12h, and light intensity of 280 μmol/m2s, the pH value of the culture solution is 5.5-6.8, the EC value is 1.6-2.5, 20 strains are randomly sampled from each group of samples after 40 days of culture, and the strains are measuredThe specific data of height, fresh weight on ground, fresh weight of root system, average plant height, average fresh weight on ground, average fresh weight of root system and relative water content of overground part of each group of red amaranth are shown in Table 3 below.
TABLE 3 comparison of plant height, fresh weight and root system data for 40d red amaranth hydroponically planted by using different planting blocks
| Test example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Fresh weight on ground (g) | 18.02 | 17.73 | 14.77 |
| Plant height (mm) | 325 | 330 | 308 |
| Fresh weight of root system (g) | 2.66 | 1.56 | 0.56 |
| Relative water content of aerial parts (%) | 92.73 | 93.38 | 93.77 |
As can be seen from the table 3, the red amaranth planted by the degradable planting block for promoting the growth of crops in water culture is better than the red amaranth planted by the traditional sponge planting block in terms of plant height, ground fresh weight and root fresh weight, the plant height is 5.52-7.14%, the ground fresh weight is 20.04-22%, and the root fresh weight is 178.57-375%, so that the root growth is greatly promoted, and the growth of the crops is promoted. Through analysis, the reason why the degradable planting block for promoting the growth of crops in water culture provided by the invention is more beneficial to the growth of root systems is as follows: the manufactured field planting block has loose texture, slowly absorbs nutrient components after contacting water, does not seep water after being pressed by the contact water part, has water in pores after absorbing water but is not completely filled with water, namely, the water is preserved and the air is ventilated, and meanwhile, the field planting block is rich in nutrient components such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, thereby providing a nutrient source except for water culture nutrient solution for plant growth; after the sponge planting blocks contact water, the whole sponge planting blocks are instantly filled with water, and cannot provide nutrient sources except the water culture nutrient solution for plants. As can be seen from the relative water content data of the overground part in the table 3, the relative water content of the amaranth planted by the degradable planting block for promoting the growth of crops for water planting is 1.04 percent lower than that of the sponge planting block, and the mouthfeel is better. The relative water content of the overground part is the ratio of the overground fresh weight, namely the difference between the fresh weight except roots and the overground dry weight, to the overground fresh weight.
The vegetables obtained in the water culture Japanese komatsuna test and the water culture red amaranth test are cooked and then eaten by trial eaters, more than 90% of eaters consider the vegetables in the test examples 1-6 and the comparative example 1 as green planted vegetables, and more than 90% of eaters can distinguish the vegetables planted in the sponge field planting blocks as water planted vegetables.
When the planting block is applied, the shape and the size of the planting block are adjusted according to the variety of the planted crop and the characteristics of the plant of the variety, and the specific formula of the planting block is slightly adjusted within the formula range defined by the invention.
In conclusion, the degradable planting block for water culture and promoting crop growth and the manufacturing method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that the degradable planting block for water culture and promoting crop growth is prepared according to the preparation method, fungal mycelia are used as a natural adhesive, and straw agricultural wastes, coconut chaff and vermiculite are twisted into the planting block, and the planting block has the characteristics of simple formula, ecological environment friendliness, easiness in degradation, water retention and ventilation, loose texture, strong water retention property and the like, and is more beneficial to the growth of plant roots. In a water planting experiment, compared with a sponge planting block, the planting block has excellent performance in promoting the growth of dark crops, namely the plant height and the fresh weight are both greatly increased, particularly the fresh weight is 76.96 to 142.7 percent higher than that of the Japanese komatsuna; the fresh weight of the red amaranth is 20.04 to 22 percent higher; the fresh weight of the root system of the red amaranth is higher than 178.57-375 percent, so that the root system growth is greatly promoted, and the crop growth is promoted; the taste of the planted vegetable is better than that of the sponge planting block water planting vegetable; and simultaneously solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by the plastic waste treatment of the sponge planting block in the later period.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The degradable planting block is characterized in that the degradable planting block is formed by inoculating fungus strains to a solid material mixed with water and then twisting the growth of the fungus strains;
the solid material consists of 30 to 90 weight percent of component A and 10 to 70 weight percent of component B; the component A comprises: 40-105 parts of straws, 5-25 parts of wheat bran, 0-15 parts of corn flour, 0-3 parts of quicklime and 0-3 parts of gypsum; the component B consists of vermiculite and/or coconut coir; the solid material is: the weight ratio of water is 100: 60-70.
2. The degradable planting block for hydroponics promoting crop growth of claim 1, wherein the straw is comprised of one or more of bagasse, wheat straw, corn stover, corn cobs, hemp straw, rape straw.
3. The degradable planting block for hydroponics promoting crop growth of claim 2, wherein the straw is composed of 25-60 parts by weight of bagasse, 10-30 parts by weight of wheat straw, and 5-15 parts by weight of corncob.
4. The degradable planting mass for hydroponics of claim 2, wherein the straw is composed of 30-60 parts by weight of hemp stalk, 10-35 parts by weight of corn stalk and 0-10 parts by weight of corn cob.
5. The degradable planting mass for hydroponics promoting crop growth of claim 2, wherein the straw is composed of 25-50 parts by weight of rape straw, 10-40 parts by weight of corn straw and 5-15 parts by weight of corncob.
6. The degradable planting block for promoting crop growth for hydroponics as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the B component is formed from vermiculite and coir according to a ratio of vermiculite: 1: (1-3) in the above ratio.
7. The degradable planting block for hydroponics promoting crop growth of claim 6, wherein the fungal species is one of ganoderma lucidum, oyster mushroom, and needle mushroom.
8. The method for manufacturing the degradable planting block for promoting the growth of crops in water culture is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a1: weighing and mixing the crushed straws, wheat bran, corn flour, quicklime and gypsum according to the required weight part to obtain a component A; weighing vermiculite and/or coconut coir as required to obtain a component B;
a2: weighing the component A and the component B as required, mixing to obtain a solid material, and mixing the components according to the weight ratio of the solid material: the weight ratio of water is 100: adding water in a proportion of 60-70, and uniformly mixing to obtain a culture material;
a3: inoculating fungus strain into sterilized culture material according to the proportion of 3-10% (w/w), and culturing for 4-6 days at 20-30 deg.C and humidity of 50-80% to obtain mycelium block;
a4: the mycelium blocks are crushed, filled and compacted in a mold, and cultured for 4-6 days under the sterile environment condition that the temperature is 20-30 ℃ and the humidity is 50-80% to obtain the field planting blocks.
9. The method of making a degradable planting block for promoting crop growth in hydroponics as claimed in claim 8, wherein after said step a4, further comprising the steps of: the field planting block is dried by hot air circulation to kill fungi inoculated to the sample at 90-120 ℃.
10. The method for making the degradable planting block for promoting the growth of the crops in the water culture as claimed in any one of the claims 8 or 9, wherein in the step A3, the sterilized culture material is obtained by high-temperature sterilization for 1-2h under the conditions of the temperature of 121-126 ℃ and the pressure of 0.15MPa and then is cooled.
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