CN106665120A - Common morel sporophore artificial cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a common morel sporophore artificial cultivation method, and relates to the agriculture technology field. The method solves the common morel artificial cultivation problem according to the following steps: a making an inclined plane medium, namely modulating 100 parts of agar, 100 parts of glucose and 1000 parts of water in a test tube as the inclined plane medium; b culturing a mother seed, namely cutting a small piece of organization from the common morel sporophore and putting the organization in the inclined plane medium to culture mother seed mycelia; c preparing a cultivation base, namely mixing20-25 parts of corn stalk, 40-50 parts of poplar wood chip, 15-20 parts of bagasse, 3-5 parts of white sugar, and 1-2 parts of gesso for fermentation for 20-30 days; d disinfecting the cultivation base, namely dividing the mixture and packaging the mixture in a polypropylene polybags for heating and disinfecting; e inoculation, namely clamping the mother seed mycelia in the bagged cultivation base; f culture management, namely arranging the inoculated polypropylene polybags in a greenhouse with the opening open upwards, and covering a black membrane for culturing at 25 DEG C-30 DEG C for 10 days until the sporophore grows.

Description

A kind of artificial culturing method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of artificial culturing method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss, belongs to agricultural technology field.

Background technology

Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss are also known as Gaster caprae seu Ovis dish, sheep mushroom, Gaster caprae seu Ovis mushroom.Breath with cough for stagnation of QI due to dyspepsia, distension and fullness in the abdomen, phlegm stops up the circulation of vital energy in the wrong direction.Gaster caprae seu Ovis Bacterium is also known as Gaster caprae seu Ovis dish, sheep mushroom.Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss (Morchella), also known as morel, are a kind of precious edible fungi and medicinal fungus.Sheep Tripe bacterium was found in 1818.Its structure is similar to cup fungi, and top is netted in fold, both as individual Nidus Vespae, also like individual Gaster caprae seu Ovis, thus Gain the name.Yield is extra-high in 2 to three years after mountain fire of Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss, therefore the picker of North America can gather sheep according to mountain fire Tripe bacterium.However, after fire is controlled, in same area, its growth population can be reduced year in year out.

Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss are rare food, the dual-purpose funguses of medicine of saddle Cordycepps morchella, and Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) is incorporated in already《Book on Chinese herbal medicine Detailed outline》In book.Wild toadstool, sporophore is less or medium, 6-14.5cm, cap irregular cycle, Long Circle, long 4-6cm, Wide 4-6cm.Surface forms many pits, khaki like Gaster caprae seu Ovis shape, handle white, long 5-7cm, broad and rough 2-2.5cm, there is shallow vertical Ditch, base portion slightly expands.Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss by Gaster caprae seu Ovis shape can pregnant capitulum cap and an infertile stem constitute.Cap surface has The hymenium of netted rib, edge is connected with stem.Stem is cylindric, hollow, and surface is smooth or fluted.Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss：Cap is near Spherical, avette to oval, there is the pit like Gaster caprae seu Ovis shape on high 4-10cm, wide 3-6cm, top blunt circle, surface.Pit is unsetting To subcircular, wide 4-12mm, to khaki, rib color is shallower, brokenly intersects for eggshell color.Handle is closely cylindrical, near white Color, hollow, top smooths, and base portion expands and have irregular shallow grooves, and long 5-7cm is thick to be about the 2/3 of cap.Ascus cylinder Shape,（280-320）μm×μm.Spore oblong, colourless, each ascus includes 8, in single-row layout.Lateral filament top is swollen Greatly, slightly up to 12 μm.

During the needle broad-leaf forest mixed forest of 2000~3000 meters or so of height above sea level is grown at the beginning of spring Mo to autumn, it is grown on broad-leaved more On forest land and roadside, single raw or all living creatures.Also some growth poplar forest, orchard, meadow, river shoal, Yushulin, Sophora japonica L. woods and on State the roadside river bank on woods side.Growth single or in blocks, soil property is generally husky alkaline or slightly biased alkalescence.On general the first tenday period of a month in May to June Ten days, fruiting was more, belongs to happiness type food (medicine) that cools and uses bacterium.

Wild toadstool is distributed in China and is distributed in China Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Tibet, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Shanxi, Ji The areas such as woods, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Hebei, Beijing.Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss are a kind of wild precious bacterium, due to its cap surface irregularity, Shape such as Gaster caprae seu Ovis, therefore named Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss.Grow under natural environment, monomer is up to more than 200 grams.

Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss are foremost delicious food bacterium in ascomycetess, and its cap part contains isoleucine, leucine, relies ammonia Acid, methionine, Phenylalanine, 7 kinds of aminoacid needed by human of threonine and L-Valine, it is sweet cold nontoxic, there are beneficial stomach, resolving sputum Qi-regulating drug effect.The nutrition of Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss is quite enriched, and according to surveying and determination, Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss contain crude protein 20%, crude fat 26%, carbohydrate 38.1%, also contain several amino acids, particularly content of glutamic acid and be up to 1.76 %.Therefore, it is believed that being " very good egg White matter is originated ", and have the laudatory title of " meat or fish in element ".Protein in human body is arranged in pairs or groups by 20 kinds of aminoacid and is constituted, and sheep Tripe bacterium just contains 18 kinds.

The content of the invention

Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss delicious flavour, it is nutritious, and appearance is unique, it is easy to and distinguish with other mushrooms, be a peace Full edible fungi, plantation Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss have wide prospect.

A kind of artificial culturing method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is carried out by below step：First, slant culture matrix manufacturing：Fine jade 100 parts of fat, 100 parts of glucose, 1000 parts of water, 100 DEG C of high temperature sterilizes after mix homogeneously are instilled when 60 DEG C ~ 70 DEG C and accounted in test tube 1/5 volume, is tuned into and less than 35 DEG C is cooled to after plane 30-degree angle, and mixed liquor solidifies out into slant medium；2nd, parent species training Support：A fritter tissues are cut on Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore with sterilizing instrument, are pressed from both sides in test tube slant culture medium, clog test tube mouth, 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C are cultivated 7 days, and mycelia covers with culture medium；3rd, cultivation base prepares：20 ~ 25 parts of corn stalk, 40 ~ 50 parts of willow wood flour, 15 ~ 20 parts of bagasse, 3 ~ 5 parts of white sugar, 1 ~ 2 part of Gypsum Fibrosum powder, with white sugar, Gypsum Fibrosum after corn stalk, willow wood flour, bagasse are crushed Powder stirs into compound and ferments 20 ~ 30 days；4th, cultivation base sterilizing：The compound subpackage for fermenting is entered into polypropylene plastics pocket, is moulded Pocket length × wide=30 centimetres of 17 cm x, is heated to 80 DEG C ~ 90 DEG C, 1 ~ 2 hour heat time heating time, drops naturally after the completion of heating Temperature；5th, it is inoculated with：Parent species mycelia is cut into into little mycelia block, per the centimetre length of fritter mycelia 0.5 ~ 0.6, by fritter mycelia press from both sides into Nuzzle in bag cultivating base 0.5 ~ 1.0 centimetre it is deep；6th, training orientation：Postvaccinal bacterium bag bag mouth is placed in upward in booth, Cover a black film, 25 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C of cultures are cultivated 10 days, and sporophore grows, film can be taken off and continue to cultivate, water one per two days It is secondary, keep water content 60 ~ 70%；7th, sporophore bacterial strain length can be harvested for 8 ~ 15 centimetres to height.

A kind of beneficial effect of the artificial culturing method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is：A kind of artificial culture of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore Method turns out morchella mother culture, then willow bits, corn stalk, the Caulis Sacchari sinensis for liking growing using Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss by agar culture medium Slag, bagasse, by operations such as crushing, mixing, fermentation, high temperature sterilizes, produce suitable Gaster caprae seu Ovis bacteria growing as primary raw material Cultivation base, realize carries out artificial culture industrialization by Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss.

Specific embodiment

A kind of artificial culturing method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is to implement to carry out by below step：First, slant medium system Make：100 parts of agar, 100 parts of glucose, 1000 parts of water, 100 DEG C of high temperature sterilizes after mix homogeneously instill test tube when 60 DEG C ~ 70 DEG C 1/5 volume is inside accounted for, is tuned into and less than 35 DEG C is cooled to after plane 30-degree angle, mixed liquor solidifies out into slant medium；2nd, it is female Plant culture：A fritter tissues are cut on Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore with sterilizing instrument, is pressed from both sides in test tube slant culture medium, clog test tube Mouthful, 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C are cultivated 7 days, and mycelia covers with culture medium；3rd, cultivation base prepares：20 ~ 25 parts of corn stalk, willow wood flour 40 ~ 50 Part, 15 ~ 20 parts of bagasse, 3 ~ 5 parts of white sugar, 1 ~ 2 part of Gypsum Fibrosum powder, by corn stalk, willow wood flour, bagasse crush after with white sugar, Gypsum Fibrosum powder stirs into compound and ferments 20 ~ 30 days；4th, cultivation base sterilizing：The compound subpackage for fermenting is entered into polypropylene plastics Bag, plastic bag length × wide=30 centimetres of 17 cm x is heated to 80 DEG C ~ 90 DEG C, 1 ~ 2 hour heat time heating time, after the completion of heating from So cooling；5th, it is inoculated with：Parent species mycelia is cut into into little mycelia block, per the centimetre length of fritter mycelia 0.5 ~ 0.6, by fritter mycelia Press from both sides in bag cultivating base nuzzle 0.5 ~ 1.0 centimetre it is deep；6th, training orientation：Postvaccinal bacterium bag bag mouth is placed in upward greatly In canopy, a black film is covered, 25 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C of cultures are cultivated 10 days, and sporophore grows, and can be taken off film and be continued to cultivate, and are poured per two days Water once, keeps water content 60 ~ 70%；7th, sporophore bacterial strain length can be harvested for 8 ~ 15 centimetres to height.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of artificial culturing method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore, is characterized in that being carried out by below step：First, slant medium system Make：100 parts of agar, 100 parts of glucose, 1000 parts of water, 100 DEG C of high temperature sterilizes after mix homogeneously instill test tube when 60 DEG C ~ 70 DEG C 1/5 volume is inside accounted for, is tuned into and less than 35 DEG C is cooled to after plane 30-degree angle, mixed liquor solidifies out into slant medium；2nd, it is female Plant culture：A fritter tissues are cut on Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore with sterilizing instrument, is pressed from both sides in test tube slant culture medium, clog test tube Mouthful, 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C are cultivated 7 days, and mycelia covers with culture medium；3rd, cultivation base prepares：20 ~ 25 parts of corn stalk, willow wood flour 40 ~ 50 Part, 15 ~ 20 parts of bagasse, 3 ~ 5 parts of white sugar, 1 ~ 2 part of Gypsum Fibrosum powder, by corn stalk, willow wood flour, bagasse crush after with white sugar, Gypsum Fibrosum powder stirs into compound and ferments 20 ~ 30 days；4th, cultivation base sterilizing：The compound subpackage for fermenting is entered into polypropylene plastics Bag, plastic bag length × wide=30 centimetres of 17 cm x is heated to 80 DEG C ~ 90 DEG C, 1 ~ 2 hour heat time heating time, after the completion of heating from So cooling；5th, it is inoculated with：Parent species mycelia is cut into into little mycelia block, per the centimetre length of fritter mycelia 0.5 ~ 0.6, by fritter mycelia Press from both sides in bag cultivating base nuzzle 0.5 ~ 1.0 centimetre it is deep；6th, training orientation：Postvaccinal bacterium bag bag mouth is placed in upward greatly In canopy, a black film is covered, 25 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C of cultures are cultivated 10 days, and sporophore grows, and can be taken off film and be continued to cultivate, and are poured per two days Water once, keeps water content 60 ~ 70%；7th, sporophore bacterial strain length can be harvested for 8 ~ 15 centimetres to height.