Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin producing process
Technical field
The present invention relates to mushroom and cultivate field, specifically a kind of Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin producing process.
Background technology
Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin (Termitomyces albuminosus (Berk) Heim) belongs to Agaricales, and white mushroom section is the wild edible fungus of temperate zone and subtropical zone growth summer and autumn, collybia albuminosa a kind of.Because its activity of growing with odontoterme has substantial connection, and to dependence is strong vegetatively, does not have the precedent of artificial culture success so far.
The collybia albuminosa fine and tender taste, the smell giving off a strong fragrance, delicious flavour is one of famous wild edible mushroom, taste is best with Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin especially.The traditional Chinese medical science thinks that the flat flavor of collybia albuminosa is sweet, and strengthening the spleen and replenishing qi is arranged, and appetizing is refreshed oneself, and the effect of pain relieving oedema is the extremely desirable food of treatment hemorrhoid.Modern medicine finds that the chicken fir can also prevent intestinal cancer, bring high blood pressure down, strengthens body immunity except that hemorrhoid are had the special efficacy.The wild Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin of simple harvesting has been difficult to satisfy great demand.
Summary of the invention
Technical assignment of the present invention is at above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin producing process of artificial culture Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin on a large scale is provided.
Technical assignment of the present invention is realized in the following manner: Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin producing process, comprise the preparation of female preparation of planting, original seed, preparation and the artificial cultivation that production is planted, be characterized in: the female kind by the mycelium of Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin fruit body and the rhizoid mycelium combination cultivation of Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin makes.
Described female preparation of planting may further comprise the steps:
Under a, the aseptic condition fruit body of Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin is done spore separation or separate tissue, separate the fruit body mycelium; Rhizoid to Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin is done separate tissue, separate the rhizoid mycelium;
B, the fruit body mycelium is transferred to medium is housed in vitro, cultivate down for 22~25 ℃, treat to insert the rhizoid mycelium when mycelia grows to 1.3~1.8cm, continue to cultivate and promptly get ripe female kind on the 5th~8.
In described female preparation of planting, the medium that is used to make up cultivation is:
Murphy juice 1000ml, agar 18~50g, glucose 10~30g;
Or
Jujube tree juice 1000ml, agar 18~50g, glucose 10~30g;
Or
Chinese scholartree juice 1000ml, agar 18~50g, glucose 10~30g.
Described murphy juice is the potato water extract.Potato 150~250g is put into 1000ml water heat, boil the back and continue heating 20~30 minutes, filtered while hot after adding water in the filtrate and supplying 1000ml, is put into agar, glucose.After agar, glucose melted fully, the packing test tube promptly got mother culture media.
Described jujube tree juice is jujube tree branch water extract.Jujube tree branch 180~400g is put into 1000ml water heat, boil the back and continue heating 20~30 minutes, filtered while hot after adding water in the filtrate and supplying 1000ml, is put into agar, glucose.After agar, glucose melted fully, the packing test tube promptly got mother culture media.
Described Chinese scholartree juice is Chinese scholartree branch water extract.Chinese scholartree branch 200~800g is put into 1000ml water heat, boil the back and continue heating 20~30 minutes, filtered while hot after adding water in the filtrate and supplying 1000ml, is put into agar, glucose.After agar, glucose melted fully, the packing test tube promptly got mother culture media.
Because Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin is to belong to wood destroying fungi, when the preparation of carrying out original seed, the preparation of producing kind and artificial cultivation, the medium that contains the offcuts of the lignin of high-load and agricultural byproducts in the prior art all can use.Described lignin composition is one or more the mixture in wood chip, cotton seed hulls, the corncob; The offcuts composition of agricultural byproducts is one or more the mixture in wheat bran, straw, the big soya bean stem meal.Through inventor's test of many times, the medium of preferred following prescription:
In the preparation of described original seed, culture medium prescription is:
Wood sawdust 78%, wheat bran 20%, sugar 1%, land plaster 1%, water content is 60~65%;
Or
Iblet 90%, wheat bran 5%, wood sawdust 3%, land plaster 2%, water content are 65~70%;
Or
Cotton seed hulls 78%, wheat bran 10%, wood sawdust 10%, pulverized limestone 1%, land plaster 1%,
Water content is 55~65%.
In the preparation of described production kind:
Produce to contain in kind of the medium and be not less than 90% the lignin composition and/or the offcuts composition of agricultural byproducts, water content is 50%~70%, as:
Grain 80%, wheat bran 15%, land plaster 3%, pulverized limestone 2%, water content 60%;
Or, wood sawdust 78%, wheat bran 20%, land plaster 1%, sugar 1%, water content 60%;
Or, cotton seed hulls 90%, wheat bran 5%, wood sawdust 3%, pulverized limestone 1%, land plaster 1%, water content 65%;
Or, cotton seed hulls 30%, wood sawdust 30%, corncob 30%, wheat bran 5%, land plaster 3%, pulverized limestone 2%, water content 70%.
In the described artificial cultivation process:
Contain in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating and be not less than 90% the lignin composition and/or the offcuts composition of agricultural byproducts, water content is 50%-70%.As:
Grain 80%, wheat bran 15%, land plaster 3%, pulverized limestone 2%, water content 60%;
Or, wood sawdust 78%, wheat bran 20%, land plaster 1%, sugar 1%, water content 60%;
Or, cotton seed hulls 90%, wheat bran 5%, wood sawdust 3%, pulverized limestone 1%, land plaster 1%, water content 65%;
Or, cotton seed hulls 30%, wood sawdust 30%, corncob 30%, wheat bran 5%, land plaster 3%, pulverized limestone 2%, water content 70%.
In the described artificial cultivation process, make the bacterium rod behind composts or fertilisers of cultivating pack, sterilization, the cooling inoculation, the bacterium rod places the cultivation indoor cultivation, and cultivation temperature is 22~25 ℃, is cultured to sack formation annular ring and promptly shows physiological ripening, can change the soil covering culture stage over to.
After the Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin mycelia physiological ripening, the bacterium rod removes plastic sack, earthing 5~12cm cultivation, and the cultivation temperature is 15~32 ℃, humidity 85%~95% can be gathered when the fruiting rear shank length reaches 8~16cm and be dried.
For the formation and the growth of stimulon entity better, during soil covering culture, day and night temperature should be controlled at 8~13 ℃.
During soil covering culture, soil pH value is preferably 6.0~7.5 neutrality slightly partially in the alkali scope.
Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin producing process of the present invention has been filled up the blank of relevant Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin artificial culture technology in the prior art, has following outstanding beneficial effect:
(1) realized the extensive artificial cultivation of Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin, both can reduce the open-air influence that wild environment is brought of plucking, can satisfy the great market demand of people again Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin;
(2) two parts mycelium combination is cultivated, and is the cultivation of collybia albuminosa, even cultivates for other mushroom new approaches are provided;
(3) simple, the easily realization of production process, production cost is low.
(4) edible mushrooms such as mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae, flat mushroom, Asparagus various damage by disease and insect all can occur along with increase in temperature after spring, having Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin only does not take place during the broiling summer yet, because Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin fruit body protein content is 28.6% (per 100 gram dry products), sugar part surpasses any mushroom, also have 8 kinds of necessary high-load amino acid of human body, and clear up the effect of interior rubbish of body and desinsection in addition, gnaw the cap part of this mushroom entity so up to the present only find snail.
Embodiment
With reference to following specific embodiment Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin producing process of the present invention is explained, but not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
1.1 female preparation (making up cultivation) of planting with Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin fruit body and the rhizoid that picked up from state, Chuxiong, Yunnan in 2004:
1.1.1 culture medium prescription:
Murphy juice 1000ml, agar 30g, glucose 20g.
1.1.2 preparation process:
A, according to above-mentioned formulated medium
Potato 200g is put into 1000ml water heat, boil the back and continue heating 20 minutes, filtered while hot after adding water in the filtrate and supplying 1000ml, is put into agar, the glucose of formula ratio.After agar, glucose melted fully, the packing test tube promptly got mother culture media;
Under b, the aseptic condition in triangular flask the fruit body to Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin do spore separation, separate the fruit body mycelium; Rhizoid to Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin is done separate tissue, separate the rhizoid mycelium;
C, the fruit body mycelium is transferred to the test tube (in 18 * 180mm) that above-mentioned medium is housed, cultivate down for 22~25 ℃, treat to insert when mycelia grows to 1.5cm (test tube medium length the 1/3) left and right sides rhizoid mycelium of mung bean grain size, similarity condition is cultivated again and was promptly obtained ripe female plant (mycelia aerial form, light gray-white) on the 7th.
1.2 the preparation of original seed
1.2.1 culture medium prescription
Wood sawdust 78%, wheat bran 20%, sugar 1%, land plaster 1%
Water content is 60~65%;
1.2.2 preparation process
After mother plants cultivation well, insert pedigree seed culture medium, both can be ripe through 30-40 days.(inoculation and cultural method are identical with conventional edible mushroom)
1.3 produce the preparation of planting
1.3.1 culture medium prescription
Cotton seed hulls 90%, wheat bran 5%, wood sawdust 3%, pulverized limestone 1%, land plaster 1%
Water content 65%
1.3.2 preparation process
Insert after original seed is cultivated and produce kind of a medium.(inoculation and cultural method are identical with conventional edible mushroom)
1.4 artificial cultivation
1.4.1 composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription
Cotton seed hulls 90%, wheat bran 5%, wood sawdust 3%, pulverized limestone 1%, land plaster 1%
Water content 65%
1.4.2 cultivation process
(1) pack by above composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription, is adopted 17 * 33cm * 0.05 centimeter of polyethylene plastic sack, every packed 450g;
(2) sterilization, 1.5kg pressure/cm
2Following autoclaving 2 hours is thoroughly killed assorted bacterium;
(3) inoculation makes bacterium rod (bacterium dense 15%);
(4) cultivate, the bacterium rod is moved in the culturing room, 22~25 ℃ of following lucifuges are cultivated, and after 30-40 days, are cultured to sack formation annular ring and promptly show physiological ripening;
(5) earthing is cultivated, and builds up furrow in the mushroom canopy, and the plastic sack of bacterium rod is removed, and 3~4cm at interval between bacterium rod and the bacterium rod occupies the top about 10cm of earthing in back, and soil is with the agglomerating natural soils that can loose be advisable (pH value 7.5) that fall on the ground of shaking hands.15~32 ℃ of temperature of shed, day and night temperature are controlled at about 10 ℃, and humidity remains on about 90%, the scattered beam irradiation.This mycelia does not climb the soil layer edge mycelia of keeping to the side and absorbs nutrient in the soil, and approximately earthing forms original hase and grows very long rhizoid on the bacterium rod after 30 days, and original hase top is expanded and formed the mushroom flower bud and emit unearthed face.Dry through long in time can the gathering more than 8 centimetres below 16 centimetres of about 7 days growth handle again.The 4 batches of mushrooms of gathering altogether, biology efficient reaches 80%.
Embodiment 2:
2.1 female preparation of planting (pick up from state, Chuxiong, Yunnan with the autumn in 2002, and with conventional liq paraffin be preserved in 3~5 ℃ in the refrigerator the Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin fruit body and the Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin rhizoid that picked up from state, Chuxiong, Yunnan in 2004 make up cultivation):
2.1.1 culture medium prescription:
Jujube tree juice 1000ml, agar 25g, glucose 25g
2.1.2 preparation process:
A, according to above-mentioned formulated medium
Jujube tree branch 250g is put into 1000ml water heat, boil the back and continue heating 25 minutes, filtered while hot after adding water in the filtrate and supplying 1000ml, is put into agar, glucose.After agar, glucose melted fully, the packing test tube promptly got mother culture media.;
Under b, the aseptic condition in triangular flask the fruit body to Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin do spore separation, separate the fruit body mycelium; Rhizoid to Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin is done separate tissue, separate the rhizoid mycelium;
C, the fruit body mycelium is transferred to the test tube (in 18 * 180mm) that above-mentioned medium is housed, cultivate down for 22~25 ℃, treat to insert when mycelia grows to 1.5cm (test tube medium length the 1/3) left and right sides rhizoid mycelium of mung bean grain size, similarity condition is cultivated again and was promptly obtained ripe female plant (mycelia aerial form, light gray-white) on the 7th.
2.2 the preparation of original seed
2.2.1 culture medium prescription
Cotton seed hulls 78%, wheat bran 10%, wood sawdust 10%, pulverized limestone 1%, land plaster 1%,
Water content is 60%
2.2.2 preparation process
After mother plants cultivation well, insert pedigree seed culture medium, both can be ripe through 30-40 days.(inoculation and cultural method are identical with conventional edible mushroom)
2.3 produce the preparation of planting
2.3.1 culture medium prescription
Cotton seed hulls 30%, wood sawdust 30%, corncob 30%, wheat bran 5%, land plaster 3%, pulverized limestone 2%, water content 70%.
2.3.2 preparation process
Insert after original seed is cultivated and produce kind of a medium.(inoculation and cultural method are identical with conventional edible mushroom)
2.4 artificial cultivation
2.4.1 composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription
Grain 80%, wheat bran 15%, land plaster 3%, pulverized limestone 2%, water content 60%
2.4.2 cultivation process
(1) pack by above composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription, is adopted 17 * 33cm * 0.05 centimetre polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed 450g;
(2) sterilization, 100 ℃ of following normal-pressure sterilizations 12 hours are thoroughly killed assorted bacterium;
(3) inoculation makes bacterium rod (bacterium dense 15%);
(4) cultivate, the bacterium rod is moved in the culturing room, 22~25 ℃ of following lucifuges are cultivated, and after 30-40 days, are cultured to sack formation annular ring and promptly show physiological ripening;
(5) earthing is cultivated, and builds up furrow in the mushroom canopy, and the plastic sack of bacterium rod is removed, and 3~4cm at interval between bacterium rod and the bacterium rod occupies the top about 10cm of earthing in back, and soil is with the agglomerating natural soils that can loose be advisable (pH value 7.5) that fall on the ground of shaking hands.15~32 ℃ of temperature of shed, day and night temperature are controlled at about 10 ℃, and humidity remains on about 90%, the scattered beam irradiation.This mycelia does not climb the soil layer edge mycelia of keeping to the side and absorbs nutrient in the soil, and approximately earthing forms original hase and grows very long rhizoid on the bacterium rod after 30 days, and original hase top is expanded and formed the mushroom flower bud and emit unearthed face.Dry through long in time can the gathering more than 8 centimetres below 16 centimetres of about 7 days growth handle again.The 4 batches of mushrooms of gathering altogether, biology efficient reaches 80%.