CN101822171A - Artificially cultured black termitornyces albuminosus berk heim entity and culture method thereof - Google Patents
Artificially cultured black termitornyces albuminosus berk heim entity and culture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101822171A CN101822171A CN 201010180510 CN201010180510A CN101822171A CN 101822171 A CN101822171 A CN 101822171A CN 201010180510 CN201010180510 CN 201010180510 CN 201010180510 A CN201010180510 A CN 201010180510A CN 101822171 A CN101822171 A CN 101822171A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an artificially cultured black termitornyces albuminosus berk heim entity and a culture method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: finely selecting wide collected black termitornyces albuminosus berk heim to obtain pure strains by a tissue and spore separation method; carrying out stock spawn preparation and mother seed and culture seed preparation; using cotton seed hulls, broad-leaved tree sawdust, various crop straws and forestry leftovers as major culture raw materials to be matched with additives of wheat bran, corn powder, rice bran and mineral elements as a culture medium; using artificial temperature, humidity, air and light illumination control and mushroom loosening measures for auxiliary effect under the condition of natural environment; and realizing the annual culture to obtain large-blade thick-stipe twisting black termitornyces albuminosus berk heim entities with light brown or dark brown to darkish brown pileus and stipe surfaces. The artificially cultured black termitornyces albuminosus berk heim has the advantages of tender flesh quality, crisp soft smooth and cooling effect and delicious taste. The weight of a fresh single blade is about 50 to 200g, the processing and the eating are convenient, and the artificially cultured black termitornyces albuminosus berk heim has higher eating and medicine values. The invention has the characteristics of low cost, easy realization and the like, and can be widely applied to the scaled annual culture of the black termitornyces albuminosus berk heim.
Description
Technical field
Background technology
Black chicken
Bacterium (Oudemansiella radicata (Relhan) Singer=Xerula radicata (Relhan)
Oudemansiella radica tavar.furfuracea (Peck) Pegler ﹠amp; T.W.K.Young) have another name called a fine breed of chicken with thick brownish feathers in Yunnan
Bacterium, dew chicken
, hen
Bacterium, water bird
, be a kind of famous wild bacterium, its fruit body is medium to large-scale slightly.All there is distribution in most of area in Yunnan, main product ground be the middle regions of the Yunnan Province, the eastern regions of the Yunnan Province, the western regions of the Yunnan Province and to the north of the area.Be born in summer and autumn on the thicker moist forest land of soil meta-acid, humus, warm type mushroom in the genus, wild output is extremely low, and is very precious.Its outward appearance is pleasant, delicious flavour, and nutritive value is high, and is very similar to Termitophile (Termitomyces) kind, rich in proteins, fat, carbohydrate, its mushroom lid is abundant, tender and smooth, the mushroom handle is slender, sweet glutinous good to eat, whole mushroom is edible, is superior rare edible mushroom.No matter bright mushroom or the equal good mouthfeel of dry product are first-class delicious food.Black chicken
Mushroom entity and liquid fermentation extract have obvious inhibitory action to small white mouse sarcoma S-180, also can suppress the rice blast pathogen growth; Contained long root mushroom element (oudemansiella radicata ketone Oudenone) has the effect that brings high blood pressure down, if be used with other blood-pressure drug, effect is better.There is data also to show, black chicken
The active factors of bacterium can increase pepsin activity, helps protein to decompose and digests and assimilates.Can suppress growing of helicobacter pylori, and the effect of repairing damaged gastric mucosa is arranged.Black chicken
But bacterium is tranquilizing and allaying excitement also, alleviates gastrointestinal convulsion, improves the phagocytic activity of immunity and macrophage, but medicine-food two-purpose.At present, both at home and abroad without any the black chicken in large-scale planting Yunnan
The report of fruit body does not more have annually cultivating to deceive chicken
The precedent of bacterium once had the tame report of long root mushroom, but was limited to the poor quality that yields poorly always, and the fruiting time influences large tracts of land than length and promotes.Because of black chicken
Nutrition, taste and health-care effect that bacterium is special, wild mushroom price are very high always, pluck wild black chicken merely
Bacterium has been difficult to satisfy the great demand in market.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of domestication and cultivate black chicken
Mushroom entity and cultural method thereof.Its black chicken
Mushroom physical treatment instant, color, smell and taste are all good, and higher edible and medical value is arranged.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: selected open-air black chicken of collecting
Bacterium obtains pure bacterial strain by tissue or spore separation method, and pure bacterial strain was selected through purifying, many generations, and it is stable to obtain on the CPDA medium growth rate, and tongue face mycelia is dense sturdy, and aerial hyphae is neatly flourishing, and color is pure white, the black rapidly chicken of growth
The starter kind.Adopt the artificial material grog cultivation method that replaces,, improve condition of culture by preferred and hot housing based formulas, Artificial Control temperature humidity condition, preferred Bag Material is sent out bacterium soil fruiting cultivation mode, makes wild, small-sized, Dan Sheng, rareness, black chicken that seasonality is very strong
Bacterium obtains artificial cultivation, anniversary growth, colory black chicken under the condition of artificial culture
The mushroom entity.
Black chicken of the present invention
The cultivation of mushroom entity is to carry out according to the following steps:
1, female preparation of planting:
1) selected open-air black chicken of collecting
Bacterium obtains pure bacterial strain by tissue and spore separation method, and pure bacterial strain is selected through purifying, many generations again, and it is stable to obtain on the CPDA medium growth rate, and tongue face mycelia is dense sturdy, and aerial hyphae is neatly flourishing, and color is pure white, and chicken is deceived in growth rapidly
Original female kind of bacterium;
2) preparation enlarges female the kind, adds the CPDA medium in test tube or other glass containers, and black chicken is inserted in sterilization cooling back
Original female kind of bacterium cultivated, and cultivation temperature is 20~28 ℃, cultivates 7~10 days mycelia and covers with media surface and become ripe female kind, promptly can be used for breeding original seed;
2, the preparation of original seed and cultivated species:
(1) the pedigree seed culture medium raw material consists of (percentage by weight)
With buckwheat grain or wheat 50~90%, weed tree sawdust 8~48%, land plaster 2% is raw material, adds water and makes water content be 62%~68%, transfer pH value 7.5~8.5 with pulverized limestone;
Perhaps: with weed tree sawdust 80%, wheat bran 18%, sucrose 1%, land plaster 1% is raw material, adds water and makes water content be 62%~68%, transfer pH value 7.5~8.5 with pulverized limestone;
Perhaps: with cotton seed hulls 40~70%, weed tree sawdust 50~20%, wheat bran 8%, sucrose 1%, gypsum 1% is raw material, adds water and makes water content be 62%~68%, transfer pH value 7.5~8.5 with pulverized limestone;
(2) prepared culture medium is packed in blake bottle or the culture bag, seal and enter autoclave, autoclaving 1.5kg/cm
2Kept 2~3 hours, perhaps the normal-pressure sterilization temperature reaches more than 95 ℃ and kept 20 hours, is cooled to below 30 ℃ above-mentioned ripe female the kind be carried out aseptic inoculation, places lucifuge cultivation under 20~28 ℃ of conditions; Mycelia covers with blake bottle or culture bag becomes ripe original seed, original seed expand again after numerous cultivated species, cultivated species is used for cultivation and production; The cultivated species medium is identical with the medium and the condition of culture of original seed with condition of culture;
3, black chicken
The annually cultivating of bacterium: (adopt the artificial material grog cultivation method that replaces, Bag Material is sent out bacterium soil fruiting cultivation mode)
1) adopts that polypropylene or high density polyethylene (HDPE) are packed goes into composts or fertilisers of cultivating, sterilization, cooling, a termination kind or two termination kinds or outside of belly multiple spot connects cultivated species, inoculation is placed on lucifuge cultivation under 20~28 ℃ of conditions, mycelia becomes the bacterium rod after covering with bag, cultivated 15~30 days, bacterium rod surface forms dark brown or pitchy is mottled can carry out soil covering culture again; The plastic sack that can remove bacterium rod top layer carries out that the earthing bed is planted or frame is planted; Also can not remove plastic sack plants or frame is planted at the direct earthing bed of sack; When the earthing frame was planted, cultivation frame height was at 20~40 centimetres;
2) the bacterium rod removes plastic sack and carries out that the earthing bed is planted or frame is planted, 5~15 centimetres of thickness of earth covering, keeping the cultivation temperature is 20~30 ℃, relative air humidity 60%~80%, dredge mushroom behind the fruiting, every square decimeter is stayed 1~5 in mushroom (guard of cover is to suppress the cap parachute-opening on cap), can gather when mushroom handle length to 10~25 centimetres (with the sturdy distortion of mushroom handle for well);
Do not plant or frame is planted at the direct earthing bed of sack if do not remove plastic sack, 3~10 centimetres of thickness of earth covering, keeping the cultivation temperature is 20~30 ℃, and relative air humidity 60%~80% is dredged mushroom behind the fruiting, and every bag is stayed 2~3 in mushroom.
Black chicken
During the bacterium soil covering culture, contain in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating and be not less than 50% the weed tree sawdust that is rich in lignin or other forestry offcuts, contain the offcuts that are not higher than 45% agricultural crop straw and other agricultural byproducts in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating, they are cotton seed hulls, corncob, wheat bran, corn flour, rice bran, soya-bean cake (dregs of rice), groundnut cake (dregs of rice), colza cake (dregs of rice), tea seed cake (dregs of rice), make water content 62%~68% in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating after adding water, transfer pH value 7.5~8.5 with pulverized limestone.
Artificial cultivation of the present invention is deceived chicken
The method of bacterium can make wild, small-sized, Dan Sheng, rareness, seasonal very strong black chicken
Bacterium obtains the growth of artificial cultivation, anniversary under the condition of artificial culture, big type of thalline, stem long 10~0 centimetres and distortions, cap and stems surface are light brown or dark brown to crineous, the sturdy slender distortion of mushroom handle, abundant, the colory black chicken of mushroom lid
The mushroom entity.Single fresh weight 50~200 grams, tender and smooth, delicious flavour, processing and eating convenience, color, smell and taste are all good.The black chicken of cultivating
The contained nutrition of bacterium is higher than similar wild bacterium with medicinal ingredient and quality, and higher edible and medical value is arranged.With Termitophile (Termitomyces) kind outward appearance, nutrient component, jealous all closely similar.Black chicken
The mushroom entity contains nutriments such as protein, amino acid, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin, trace element, also contains a large amount of polysaccharide, organic acid etc., and small white mouse sarcoma S-180 is had obvious inhibitory action, also can suppress the rice blast pathogen growth; Contained long root mushroom element (oudemansiella radicata ketone Oudenone) has the effect that brings high blood pressure down, if be used with other blood-pressure drug, effect is better.There is data also to show, black chicken
The active factors of bacterium can increase pepsin activity, helps protein to decompose and digests and assimilates.Can suppress growing of helicobacter pylori, and the effect of repairing damaged gastric mucosa is arranged.Black chicken bacterium
But gastrointestinal convulsion is alleviated in also tranquilizing and allaying excitement, improves the phagocytic activity of immunity and macrophage, but medicine-food two-purpose.The present invention has realized black chicken
The extensive artificial annually cultivating of bacterium promptly reduces the great demand that can satisfy market to the dependence of wild resource again; For the domesticating and cultivatings of other wild bacterium provides the method reference; Under artificial controlled condition, be difficult for taking place damage by disease and insect, reduce and use chemicals contamination; It is extensive to have raw material sources, and production process is simple, and adaptability is strong, easily realizes, invest little, instant effect, characteristics such as benefit height.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
1, female preparation of planting:
(1) selected open-air black chicken of collecting
Bacterium obtains pure bacterial strain by tissue and spore separation method, and pure bacterial strain is selected through purifying, many generations again, and it is stable to obtain on the CPDA medium growth rate, and tongue face mycelia is dense sturdy, and aerial hyphae is neatly flourishing, and color is pure white, and chicken is deceived in growth rapidly
Original female kind of bacterium;
(2) preparation enlarges female the kind, adds the CPDA medium in test tube or other glass containers, and black chicken is inserted in sterilization cooling back
Original female kind of bacterium cultivated, and cultivation temperature is 20~28 ℃, cultivates 7~10 days mycelia and covers with media surface and become ripe female kind, promptly can be used for breeding original seed;
2, the preparation of original seed and cultivated species:
(1) culture medium raw material consists of (percentage by weight, as follows)
Buckwheat grain or wheat 50%, weed tree sawdust 48%, land plaster 2% are formed solid material, add water and make water content reach 62%~68%, and pulverized limestone adjust pH 7.5~8.5 gets original seed or cultivated species medium;
(2) prepared culture medium is packed in blake bottle or the culture bag, seal and enter autoclave, autoclaving 1.5kg/cm
2Kept 2~3 hours, and be cooled to below 30 ℃ above-mentioned ripe female the kind be carried out aseptic inoculation, place lucifuge cultivation under 20~28 ℃ of conditions then; Mycelia covers with blake bottle or culture bag becomes ripe original seed, original seed expand again after numerous cultivated species, cultivated species is used for cultivation and production;
Original seed preparation enlarges to such an extent that medium and condition of culture and 2, the middle step (1) of cultivated species is identical with (2).
(1) preparation of medium:
Weed tree sawdust 55%, cotton seed hulls 15%, straw 15%, wheat bran 10%, corn flour 3%, gypsum 1%, sugar 1% are formed the solid material, add entry and make that water content reaches 62%~68% in the medium, with pulverized limestone adjust pH 7.5~8.5, culture medium for cultivating;
(2) adopt that polypropylene or high density polyethylene (HDPE) are packed goes into composts or fertilisers of cultivating, sterilization, cooling, a termination kind or two termination kinds or outside of belly multiple spot connects cultivated species, inoculation is placed on lucifuge cultivation under 20~28 ℃ of conditions, mycelia was covered with bag back 15~30 days, and the bag surface forms dark brown or pitchy is mottled can carry out soil covering culture; Remove plastic sack and carry out that the earthing bed is planted or frame is planted; If when planting with the earthing frame, cultivation frame height is at 20~40 centimetres;
(3) thickness of earth covering is 5~15 centimetres, keeping the cultivation temperature is 20~30 ℃, and relative air humidity 62%~80% is dredged mushroom behind the fruiting, every square decimeter is stayed 1~5 in mushroom (guard of cover is to suppress the cap parachute-opening on cap), can gather when mushroom handle length to 10~25 centimetres.Each cultivation 4~6 batches of mushrooms of can gathering, total biology efficient can reach more than 100%.
Embodiment 2:
1, female preparation of planting is identical with embodiment 1.
2, the preparation of original seed and cultivated species:
(1) culture medium raw material consists of (percentage by weight, as follows)
Weed tree sawdust 80%, wheat bran 18%, sucrose 1%, land plaster 1% are formed solid material, add water and make water content reach 62%~68%, and pulverized limestone adjust pH 7.5~8.5 gets original seed or cultivated species medium;
(2) identical with embodiment 1.
(1) preparation of medium:
Weedtree sawdust 60%, cotton seed hulls 10%, corncob 20%, wheat bran 8%, gypsum 1%, sugar 1% are formed the solid material, add entry and make that water content reaches 62%~68% in the medium, with pulverized limestone adjust pH 7.5~8.5, culture medium for cultivating;
Following steps are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
1, female preparation of planting is identical with embodiment 1.
2, the preparation of original seed and cultivated species:
(1) culture medium raw material consists of (percentage by weight, as follows)
Cotton seed hulls 70%, weed tree sawdust 20%, wheat bran 8%, sucrose 1%, gypsum 1% are formed solid material, add water and make water content reach 62%~68%, and pulverized limestone adjust pH 7.5~8.5 gets original seed or cultivated species medium;
(2) identical with embodiment 1.
(1) preparation of medium:
Weed tree sawdust 68%, wheat bran 15%, rice bran 15%, gypsum 1%, sugar 1% are formed the solid material, add entry and make that water content reaches 62%~68% in the medium, with pulverized limestone adjust pH 7.5~8.5, culture medium for cultivating;
Following steps are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4:
1, female preparation of planting is identical with embodiment 1.
2, the preparation of original seed and cultivated species:
(1) culture medium raw material consists of (percentage by weight, as follows)
Cotton seed hulls 70%, weed tree sawdust 20%, wheat bran 8%, sucrose 1%, gypsum 1% are formed solid material, add water and make water content reach 62%~68%, and pulverized limestone adjust pH 7.5~8.5 gets original seed or cultivated species medium;
(2) identical with embodiment 1.
(1) preparation of medium:
Corn straw 28%, weed tree sawdust 25%, weedtree sawdust 25%, bagasse 8%, rice bran 5%, soya-bean cake (dregs of rice) 4%, corn flour 3%, gypsum 1%, sugar 1% are formed the solid material, add entry and make that water content reaches 62%~68% in the medium, with pulverized limestone adjust pH 7.5~8.5, get culture medium for cultivating;
Following steps are identical with embodiment 1.
Claims (3)
1. the black chicken of an artificial culture
Mushroom entity and cultural method thereof is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
1) female preparation of planting:
(1) selected open-air black chicken of collecting
Bacterium obtains pure bacterial strain by tissue and spore separation method, and pure bacterial strain is selected through purifying, many generations again, and it is stable to obtain on the CPDA medium growth rate, and tongue face mycelia is dense sturdy, and aerial hyphae is neatly flourishing, and color is pure white, and chicken is deceived in growth rapidly
Original female kind of bacterium;
(2) preparation enlarges female the kind, adds the CPDA medium in test tube or other glass containers, and black chicken is inserted in sterilization cooling back
Original female kind of bacterium cultivated, and cultivation temperature is 20~28 ℃, cultivates 7~10 days mycelia and covers with media surface and become ripe female kind, promptly can be used for breeding original seed;
2) preparation of original seed and cultivated species:
(1) pedigree seed culture medium raw material weight percentage consists of:
With buckwheat grain or wheat 50~90%, weed tree sawdust 8~48%, land plaster 2% is raw material, adds water and makes water content be 62%~68%, transfer pH value 7.5~8.5 with pulverized limestone;
Perhaps: with weed tree sawdust 80%, wheat bran 18%, sucrose 1%, land plaster 1% is raw material, adds water and makes water content be 62%~68%, transfer pH value 7.5~8.5 with pulverized limestone;
Perhaps: with cotton seed hulls 40~70%, weed tree sawdust 50~20%, wheat bran 8%, sucrose 1%, gypsum 1% is raw material, adds water and makes water content be 62%~68%, transfer pH value 7.5~8.5 with pulverized limestone;
(2) prepared culture medium is packed in blake bottle or the culture bag into autoclaving 1.5kg/cm
2Kept 2~3 hours, perhaps the normal-pressure sterilization temperature reaches more than 95 ℃ and kept 20 hours, is cooled to below 30 ℃ above-mentioned ripe female the kind be carried out aseptic inoculation, places lucifuge cultivation under 20~28 ℃ of conditions; Mycelia covers with blake bottle or culture bag becomes ripe original seed, original seed expand again after numerous cultivated species, cultivated species is used for cultivation and production; The cultivated species medium is identical with the medium and the condition of culture of original seed with condition of culture;
(1) adopts that polypropylene or high density polyethylene (HDPE) are packed goes into composts or fertilisers of cultivating, sterilization, cooling, a termination kind or two termination kinds or outside of belly multiple spot connects cultivated species, inoculation is placed on lucifuge cultivation under 20~28 ℃ of conditions, mycelia becomes the bacterium rod after covering with bag, cultivated again 15~30 days, bacterium rod surface forms dark brown or pitchy is mottled can carry out soil covering culture, the plastic sack that can remove bacterium rod top layer carries out that the earthing bed is planted or frame is planted, and also can not remove plastic sack and plant or frame is planted at the direct earthing bed of sack;
(2) the bacterium rod removes plastic sack and carries out that the earthing bed is planted or frame is planted, 5~15 centimetres of thickness of earth covering, and keeping the cultivation temperature is 20~30 ℃, relative air humidity 60%~80% can be gathered when mushroom handle length to 10~25 centimetres; Do not plant or frame is planted at the direct earthing bed of sack if do not remove plastic sack, 3~10 centimetres of thickness of earth covering, keeping the cultivation temperature is 20~30 ℃, relative air humidity 62%~80%;
Black chicken
During the bacterium soil covering culture, contain in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating and be not less than 50% the weed tree sawdust that is rich in lignin or other forestry offcuts, contain the offcuts that are not higher than 45% agricultural crop straw and other agricultural byproducts in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating, make water content 62%~68% in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating after adding water, transfer pH value 7.5~8.5 with pulverized limestone.
2. the black chicken of artificial culture according to claim 1
The cultural method of mushroom entity, the offcuts that it is characterized in that described agricultural crop straw and other agricultural byproducts are one or more mixing in cotton seed hulls, corncob, wheat bran, corn flour, rice bran, soya-bean cake (dregs of rice), groundnut cake (dregs of rice), colza cake (dregs of rice), the tea seed cake (dregs of rice).
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CN102503633A (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2012-06-20 | 山东正汉生物科技集团有限公司 | Hypsizigus marmoreus compost and preparation method thereof |
CN102701820A (en) * | 2012-05-27 | 2012-10-03 | 江苏鸿丰果蔬食品有限公司 | Termitomyces albuminosus compost and cultivation method thereof |
CN102845219A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2013-01-02 | 西北农林科技大学 | Cultivation technique of Pleurotus eryngii |
CN103155785A (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-06-19 | 天津市金三农农业科技开发有限公司 | Establishment method for brown mushroom three-level strain propagation system |
CN104396561A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-03-11 | 云南畅佳农业科技有限公司 | Artificial cultivation method for Xerula pudens (Pers. :Fr.) sing |
CN105493885A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-04-20 | 金乡县联盛菌业科技有限公司 | Culture method of black termitomyces albuminosus |
CN106069188A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-11-09 | 马碧勇 | A kind of artificial cultivation method of termitomyces |
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CN110122188A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-08-16 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院微生物研究所 | Edible mushroom cultivation nutrition promotor and its application |
CN110583362A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-20 | 贵州天尚品菌业有限公司 | Black termitomyces albuminosus cultivation method |
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CN103155785A (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-06-19 | 天津市金三农农业科技开发有限公司 | Establishment method for brown mushroom three-level strain propagation system |
CN103155785B (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2014-04-16 | 天津市金三农农业科技开发有限公司 | Establishment method for brown mushroom three-level strain propagation system |
CN102701820A (en) * | 2012-05-27 | 2012-10-03 | 江苏鸿丰果蔬食品有限公司 | Termitomyces albuminosus compost and cultivation method thereof |
CN102845219A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2013-01-02 | 西北农林科技大学 | Cultivation technique of Pleurotus eryngii |
CN102845219B (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2013-11-06 | 西北农林科技大学 | Cultivation technique of Pleurotus eryngii |
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CN105493885A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-04-20 | 金乡县联盛菌业科技有限公司 | Culture method of black termitomyces albuminosus |
CN106069188A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-11-09 | 马碧勇 | A kind of artificial cultivation method of termitomyces |
CN109924062A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-06-25 | 天津市林业果树研究所 | A kind of rapid artificial cultural method of east bolt bacterium |
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CN112042463A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-12-08 | 贵州丰源现代农业有限公司 | Black termitomyces albuminosus culture method and application thereof |
CN113174336A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-27 | 广西大学 | Separation method of ustilaginoidea virens |
CN113174336B (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-06-17 | 广西大学 | Separation method of ustilaginoidea virens |
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