CN111788990A - White skin termitomyces albuminosus culture method - Google Patents
White skin termitomyces albuminosus culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111788990A CN111788990A CN202010680486.3A CN202010680486A CN111788990A CN 111788990 A CN111788990 A CN 111788990A CN 202010680486 A CN202010680486 A CN 202010680486A CN 111788990 A CN111788990 A CN 111788990A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing white skin termitomyces albuminosus, which relates to the field of fungus culture, and comprises the preparation of mother seeds, original seeds and production seeds and artificial planting under a wild-simulated forest, wherein the method is characterized in that: the mother strain is prepared by culturing white skin termitomyces sporophore hyphae, the culture material used in the culture process is prepared from lotus seed shells, imperata, agar, white sugar and the like by a certain method, the raw materials are locally obtained, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, the production cost is low, the period is short, the yield is high, the large-scale artificial culture of the white skin termitomyces in the wild-simulated forest is realized, and the market demand of wide consumers on the white skin termitomyces is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fungus culture, and in particular relates to a culture method of white skin termitomyces albuminosus.
Background
White skin termitomyces albuminosus, also called agaricus bisporus, is one of edible fungi used as both medicine and food, has fleshy texture, white fine threads, crisp, tender and tasty taste, delicate fragrance and delicious taste and rich nutrition, and has fresh taste which is the corolla of the fungi no matter stir-frying, pickling, frying, mixing, braising, roasting, stewing, steaming or making soup. Especially, the content of protein is high, and the protein contains a plurality of amino acids, wherein 8 kinds of amino acids necessary for human bodies are complete. It has effects of benefiting intestine and stomach, refreshing mind, reducing blood sugar, reducing blood lipid, treating hemorrhoid, stopping bleeding, and treating hemorrhoid. Although the white-skin termitomyces albuminosus has high nutritive value, the white-skin termitomyces albuminosus in the natural state is produced only in southwest and southeast areas of China, has extremely strict requirements on the growth environment, and is symbiotic with termites. Only grow on the termite nest edge, use the termite nest as the culture medium, once the termite abandons the nest to go, this nest can no longer grow termitomyces albuminosus. Therefore, the collection of wild white skin termitomyces albuminosus is far from meeting huge market demands, so that the large-scale artificial cultivation and planting under wild-simulated forests are urgently needed, the unique flavor of the termitomyces albuminosus is ensured, and the market prospect is wide.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a culture method of termitomyces albuminosus, which realizes large-scale artificial planting of termitomyces albuminosus under a wild-simulated forest.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for culturing white skin termitomyces albuminosus comprises preparing mother strain, stock strain and production strain, artificially planting under wild-simulated forest,
the preparation steps of the mother seeds are as follows:
(1) subjecting fruiting body of Collybia Albuminosa to spore extraction under aseptic condition to obtain fruiting body mycelium,
(2) transferring the fruiting body mycelium into a culture medium test tube subjected to autoclaving, culturing at 15-22 ℃, and obtaining a mature mother strain after 15-24 days;
the preparation method of the mother culture medium comprises the following steps: 100g of lotus seed shells and 100g of imperata, adding 1000ml of distilled water, firstly boiling with strong fire and then with slow fire for 25-35 min, cooling, filtering to obtain juice, then adding 22g of white sugar and 15-18 g of agar into the juice, heating to dissolve, setting the total solution to be 1000ml, and adjusting the pH value to be: 5.5-6.8;
the culture medium of the original seed and the production seed contains one or a combination of more of lotus seed shell, imperata rhizome and corncob with the lignin content higher than 18%; the culture medium of the production seeds also comprises leftover components of agricultural and sideline products;
the culture materials used for artificial cultivation under the wild-simulated forest comprise: the mixture of lignin and the leftover of agricultural and sideline products, wherein the lignin contains 70-85% and the water content is 62-68%.
Preferably, the composition of the culture medium in the preparation of the stock is as follows: 58% of lotus seed shell, 42% of rhizoma imperatae, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 62% -68% of water content; pH: 5.5 to 6.8.
Preferably, the composition of the culture medium in the preparation of the stock is as follows: 65% of lotus seed hulls, 25% of rhizoma imperatae, 10% of corncobs, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 62% -68% of water content; pH: 5.5 to 6.8.
Preferably, the leftover of the agricultural and sideline products is one or more of lotus seed shells, straws, bran, rice bran and bean pulp.
Preferably, the culture medium of the production species consists of: 50% of lotus seed hulls, 35% of imperata, 15% of bran, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 65% -75% of water content; pH: 5.5 to 6.8.
Preferably, the culture medium of the production species consists of: 75% of corncobs, 20% of lotus seed shells, 5% of bean pulp, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 65% -70% of water content; pH: 5.5 to 6.8.
Preferably, the culture medium of the production species consists of: 65% of imperata, 25% of lotus seed shells, 10% of bran, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 65% -70% of water content; or 65% of corncob, 27% of lotus seed hull, 8% of peanut meal, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 65% -70% of water content; pH: 5.5 to 6.8.
Preferably, the artificial cultivation process under the wild-simulated forest comprises the following steps: mixing materials → bagging → sterilizing → inoculating → culturing → transferring color → earthing cultivation, the concrete method is: mixing and stirring the culture materials uniformly, bagging, sterilizing, cooling, inoculating to obtain a fungus stick, culturing the fungus stick in a culture room until the fungus stick is mature, and moving to the forest to carry out wild-imitating artificial earth covering culture.
Preferably, after the white skin termitomyces albuminosus mycelium is completely matured, removing fungus stick plastic bags, covering soil for 10-14 cm for cultivation, wherein the pH of the cultivation soil is as follows: 6.5-7.0, the culture temperature is 18-23 ℃, the humidity is 72% -76%, the temperature difference between day and night is controlled at 8-12 ℃, and the picking and drying can be carried out when the stem length after fruiting reaches 8-12 cm.
Preferably, the culture materials used for artificial cultivation under the wild-imitating forest are as follows: 65% of lotus seed hulls, 25% of rhizoma imperatae, 10% of corncobs, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 62% -68% of water content; pH: 5.5 to 6.8.
The method realizes the under-forest soil-covered artificial cultivation of the white skin termitomyces albuminosus, not only meets the market demand of people on the termitomyces albuminosus, but also reduces the influence on the environment caused by field picking.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a method for culturing white skin termitomyces albuminosus comprises preparing mother strain, stock strain and production strain, artificially planting under wild-simulated forest,
the preparation steps of the mother seeds are as follows:
(1) subjecting fruiting body of Collybia Albuminosa to spore extraction under aseptic condition to obtain fruiting body mycelium,
(2) transferring the fruiting body mycelium into a culture medium test tube subjected to autoclaving, culturing at 15-22 ℃, and obtaining a mature mother strain after 15-24 days;
the preparation method of the mother culture medium comprises the following steps: 100g of lotus seed shells and 100g of imperata, adding 1000ml of distilled water, firstly boiling with strong fire and then with slow fire for 25-35 min, cooling, filtering to obtain juice, then adding 22g of white sugar and 15-18 g of agar into the juice, heating to dissolve, setting the total solution to be 1000ml, and adjusting the pH value to be: 5.5 to 6.8.
The composition of the culture medium in the preparation of the stock is as follows: 58% of lotus seed shell, 42% of rhizoma imperatae, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 62% -68% of water content; pH: 5.5 to 6.8. The preparation process of the stock comprises the following steps: and inoculating the grown mother seeds into an original seed culture medium, and culturing for 25-30 days to obtain the mature seeds.
The culture medium of the production strain comprises: 50% of lotus seed hulls, 35% of imperata, 15% of bran, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 65% -75% of water content; pH: 5.5 to 6.8. The preparation process of the production seeds comprises the step of inoculating the cultured stock seeds into a production seed culture medium for culture.
The culture materials used for artificial cultivation under the wild-simulated forest comprise: 65% of lotus seed hulls, 25% of rhizoma imperatae, 10% of corncobs, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 62% -68% of water content; pH: 5.5-6.8;
preferably, the artificial cultivation process under the wild-simulated forest comprises the following steps: (1) mixing materials: mixing and stirring the culture materials uniformly;
(2) bagging: adopting a polyethylene plastic bag with the thickness of 17 multiplied by 33 multiplied by 0.05 cm, and filling 750g of the culture material in each bag;
(3) and (3) sterilization: sterilizing under 1.5kg/cm2 pressure for 3-4 hr to completely kill bacteria;
(4) cooling and inoculating to obtain a fungus stick;
(5) culturing: placing the fungus sticks into a culture room, culturing at 18-25 ℃ in a dark place until the bag mouths form annular rings and the physiological maturity is indicated; then, color conversion is carried out.
(6) Field soil-covering cultivation: moving the fungus sticks with completely changed colors to the forest, and carrying out artificial earth covering cultivation in a wild-imitating manner, wherein the forest land is selected to be used as a field for planting mushrooms, and the forest land is north-south-seated, has sufficient water source, has no pollution to the surrounding environment, is flat in ground and is divided into seven shades of three positive divisions; drainage ditches are arranged on the periphery of the ridge, then a furrow is prepared, the width of the furrow is generally 60-70 cm, and the length of the furrow is natural; then remove the plastic bag of fungus stick, put, 2 ~ 3cm in interval between fungus stick and the fungus stick, about 8 ~ 10cm of earthing above the fungus stick after full, soil moisture is: the soil is held by hand to form a ball, and the ball can be scattered when falling to the ground. The pH value of the soil is as follows: preferably 6.5 to 6.8. Temperature: 22-26 ℃, the day and night temperature difference is controlled to be 8-11 ℃, the air humidity is kept at 78% -85%, and the illumination is as follows: there is only a certain amount of scattered light. After covering soil, primordium is generally formed on the fungus stick for about 30-45 days, rhizoids grow, young mushroom buds which form a batch of mushrooms on the primordium break the soil and grow out, after about 2-3 days of growth, when stems grow to 10-14 cm, the mushrooms can be picked and dried, generally 4-5 batches of fresh mushrooms can be picked, and the biological efficiency reaches 88%.
Example 2:
a method for culturing white skin termitomyces albuminosus comprises preparing mother strain, stock strain and production strain, artificially planting under wild-simulated forest,
the preparation steps of the mother seeds are as follows:
(1) subjecting fruiting body of Collybia Albuminosa to spore extraction under aseptic condition to obtain fruiting body mycelium,
(2) transferring the fruiting body mycelium into a culture medium test tube subjected to autoclaving, culturing at 15-22 ℃, and obtaining a mature mother strain after 15-24 days;
the preparation method of the mother culture medium comprises the following steps: 100g of lotus seed shells and 100g of imperata, adding 1000ml of distilled water, firstly boiling with strong fire and then with slow fire for 25-35 min, cooling, filtering to obtain juice, then adding 22g of white sugar and 15-18 g of agar into the juice, heating to dissolve, setting the total solution to be 1000ml, and adjusting the pH value to be: 5.5 to 6.8.
The composition of the culture medium in the preparation of the stock is as follows: 65% of lotus seed hulls, 25% of rhizoma imperatae, 10% of corncobs, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 62% -68% of water content; pH: 5.5-6.8; the preparation process of the stock comprises the steps of inoculating mature mother seeds into a stock culture medium, and culturing for 25-30 days to obtain mature seeds.
The culture medium of the production strain comprises: 75% of corncobs, 20% of lotus seed shells, 5% of bean pulp, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 65% -70% of water content; pH: 5.5-6.8; the preparation process of the production seed comprises the following steps: the preparation process of the production seeds comprises the following steps: inoculating the cultured stock into a production seed culture medium for culturing.
The culture materials used for artificial cultivation under the wild-simulated forest comprise: 65% of lotus seed hulls, 25% of rhizoma imperatae, 10% of corncobs, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 62% -68% of water content; pH: 5.5 to 6.8.
Preferably, the artificial cultivation process under the wild-simulated forest comprises the following steps: (1) mixing materials: mixing and stirring the culture materials uniformly;
(2) bagging: adopting a polyethylene plastic bag with the thickness of 17 multiplied by 33 multiplied by 0.05 cm, and filling 750g of the culture material in each bag;
(3) and (3) sterilization: sterilizing under 1.5kg/cm2 pressure for 3-4 hr to completely kill bacteria;
(4) cooling and inoculating to obtain a fungus stick;
(5) culturing: placing the fungus sticks into a culture room, culturing at 21-25 ℃ in a dark place until the bag mouths form annular rings and the physiological maturity is indicated; then, color conversion is carried out.
(6) Field soil-covering cultivation: moving the fungus sticks with completely changed colors to the forest, and carrying out artificial earth covering cultivation in a wild-imitating manner, wherein the forest land is selected to be used as a field for planting mushrooms, and the forest land is north-south-seated, has sufficient water source, has no pollution to the surrounding environment, is flat in ground and is divided into seven shades of three positive divisions; drainage ditches are arranged on the periphery of the ridge, then a furrow is prepared, the width of the furrow is generally 60-70 cm, and the length of the furrow is natural; then remove the plastic bag of fungus stick, put, 2 ~ 3cm in interval between fungus stick and the fungus stick, about 8 ~ 10cm of earthing above the fungus stick after full, soil moisture is: the soil is held by hand to form a ball, and the ball can be scattered when falling to the ground. The pH value of the soil is as follows: preferably 6.5 to 7. Temperature: 22-26 ℃, the day and night temperature difference is controlled to be 8-11 ℃, the air humidity is kept at 78% -85%, and the illumination is as follows: there is only a certain amount of scattered light. After covering soil, primordium is generally formed on the fungus stick for about 30-45 days, rhizoids grow, young mushroom buds which form a batch of mushrooms on the primordium break the soil and grow out, after about 2-3 days of growth, when stems grow to 10-14 cm, the mushrooms can be picked and dried, generally 4-5 batches of fresh mushrooms can be picked, and the biological efficiency reaches 88%.
Example 3:
a method for culturing white skin termitomyces albuminosus comprises preparing mother strain, stock strain and production strain, artificially planting under wild-simulated forest,
the preparation steps of the mother seeds are as follows:
(1) subjecting fruiting body of Collybia Albuminosa to spore extraction under aseptic condition to obtain fruiting body mycelium,
(2) transferring the fruiting body mycelium into a culture medium test tube subjected to autoclaving, culturing at 15-22 ℃, and obtaining a mature mother strain after 15-24 days;
the preparation method of the mother culture medium comprises the following steps: 100g of lotus seed shells and 100g of imperata, adding 1000ml of distilled water, firstly boiling with strong fire and then with slow fire for 25-35 min, cooling, filtering to obtain juice, then adding 22g of white sugar and 15-18 g of agar into the juice, heating to dissolve, setting the total solution to be 1000ml, and adjusting the pH value to be: 5.5-6.8;
the composition of the culture medium in the preparation of the stock is as follows: 58% of lotus seed shell, 42% of rhizoma imperatae, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 62% -68% of water content; pH: 5.5-6.8; the preparation process of the stock comprises the following steps: inoculating the grown mother seeds into an original seed culture medium, and culturing for 25-30 days to obtain mature seeds;
the culture medium of the production strain comprises: 65% of imperata, 25% of lotus seed shells, 10% of bran, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 65% -70% of water content; or 65% of corncob, 27% of lotus seed hull, 8% of peanut meal, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 65% -70% of water content; pH: 5.5-6.8; the preparation process of the production seeds comprises the following steps: inoculating the cultured stock into a production seed culture medium for culturing;
the culture materials used for artificial cultivation under the wild-simulated forest comprise: 65% of lotus seed hulls, 25% of rhizoma imperatae, 10% of corncobs, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 62% -68% of water content; pH: 5.5-6.8;
preferably, the artificial cultivation process under the wild-simulated forest comprises the following steps: (1) mixing materials: mixing and stirring the culture materials uniformly;
(2) bagging: adopting a polyethylene plastic bag with the thickness of 17 multiplied by 33 multiplied by 0.05 cm, and filling 750g of the culture material in each bag;
(3) and (3) sterilization: sterilizing under 1.5kg/cm2 pressure for 3-4 hr to completely kill bacteria;
(4) cooling and inoculating to obtain a fungus stick;
(5) culturing: placing the fungus sticks into a culture room, culturing at 18-25 ℃ in a dark place until the bag mouths form annular rings and the physiological maturity is indicated; then, color conversion is carried out.
(6) Field soil-covering cultivation: moving the fungus sticks with completely changed colors to the forest, and carrying out artificial earth covering cultivation in a wild-imitating manner, wherein the forest land is selected to be used as a field for planting mushrooms, and the forest land is north-south-seated, has sufficient water source, has no pollution to the surrounding environment, is flat in ground and is divided into seven shades of three positive divisions; drainage ditches are arranged on the periphery of the ridge, then a furrow is prepared, the width of the furrow is generally 60-70 cm, and the length of the furrow is natural; then remove the plastic bag of fungus stick, put, 2 ~ 3cm in interval between fungus stick and the fungus stick, about 8 ~ 10cm of earthing above the fungus stick after full, soil moisture is: the soil is held by hand to form a ball, and the ball can be scattered when falling to the ground. The pH value of the soil is as follows: preferably 6.5 to 7. Temperature: 22-26 ℃, the day and night temperature difference is controlled to be 8-11 ℃, the air humidity is kept at 78% -85%, and the illumination is as follows: there is only a certain amount of scattered light. After covering soil, primordium is generally formed on the fungus stick for about 30-45 days, rhizoids grow, young mushroom buds which form a batch of mushrooms on the primordium break the soil and grow out, after about 2-3 days of growth, when stems grow to 10-14 cm, the mushrooms can be picked and dried, generally 4-5 batches of fresh mushrooms can be picked, and the biological efficiency reaches 88%.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method of white skin termitomyces albuminosus comprises the preparation of mother strains, stock strains and production strains and artificial planting under a wild-simulated forest, and is characterized in that:
the preparation steps of the mother seeds are as follows:
(1) subjecting fruiting body of Collybia Albuminosa to spore extraction under aseptic condition to obtain fruiting body mycelium,
(2) transferring the fruiting body mycelium into a culture medium test tube subjected to autoclaving, culturing at 15-22 ℃, and obtaining a mature mother strain after 15-24 days;
the preparation method of the mother culture medium comprises the following steps: 100g of lotus seed shells and 100g of imperata, adding 1000ml of distilled water, firstly boiling with strong fire and then with slow fire for 25-35 min, cooling, filtering to obtain juice, then adding 22g of white sugar and 15-18 g of agar into the juice, heating to dissolve, setting the total solution to be 1000ml, and adjusting the pH value to be: 5.5-6.8;
the culture medium of the original seed and the production seed contains one or a combination of more of lotus seed shell, imperata rhizome and corncob with the lignin content higher than 18%; the culture medium of the production seeds also comprises leftover components of agricultural and sideline products;
the culture materials used for artificial cultivation under the wild-simulated forest comprise: the mixture of lignin and the leftover of agricultural and sideline products, wherein the lignin contains 70-85% and the water content is 62-68%.
2. The method for culturing termitomyces albuminosus according to claim 1, wherein the culture method comprises: the composition of the culture medium in the preparation of the stock is as follows: 58% of lotus seed shell, 42% of rhizoma imperatae, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 62% -68% of water content; pH: 5.5 to 6.8.
3. The method for culturing termitomyces albuminosus according to claim 1, wherein the culture method comprises: the composition of the culture medium in the preparation of the stock is as follows: 65% of lotus seed hulls, 25% of rhizoma imperatae, 10% of corncobs, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 62% -68% of water content; pH: 5.5 to 6.8.
4. The method for culturing termitomyces albuminosus according to claim 1, wherein the culture method comprises: the leftovers of the agricultural and sideline products comprise one or more of lotus seed shells, straws, bran, rice bran and bean pulp.
5. The method for culturing termitomyces albuminosus according to claim 1, wherein the culture method comprises: the culture medium of the production strain comprises: 50% of lotus seed hulls, 35% of imperata, 15% of bran, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 65% -75% of water content; pH: 5.5 to 6.8.
6. The method for culturing termitomyces albuminosus according to claim 1, wherein the culture method comprises: the culture medium of the production strain comprises: 75% of corncobs, 20% of lotus seed shells, 5% of bean pulp, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 65% -70% of water content; pH: 5.5 to 6.8.
7. The method for culturing termitomyces albuminosus according to claim 1, wherein the culture method comprises: the culture medium of the production strain comprises: 65% of imperata, 25% of lotus seed shells, 10% of bran, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 65% -70% of water content; or 65% of corncob, 27% of lotus seed hull, 8% of peanut meal, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 65% -70% of water content; pH: 5.5 to 6.8.
8. The method for culturing termitomyces albuminosus according to claim 1, wherein the culture method comprises: the artificial cultivation process under the wild-simulated forest comprises the following steps: mixing materials → bagging → sterilizing → inoculating → culturing → transferring color → earthing cultivation, the concrete method is: mixing and stirring the culture materials uniformly, bagging, sterilizing, cooling, inoculating to obtain a fungus stick, culturing the fungus stick in a culture room until the fungus stick is mature, and moving to the forest to carry out wild-imitating artificial earth covering culture.
9. The method for culturing termitomyces albuminosus according to claim 8, wherein the culture medium comprises: after the white skin termitomyces albuminosus mycelium is completely matured, removing fungus stick plastic bags, covering 10-14 cm of soil for cultivation, wherein the PH of the cultivation soil is as follows: 6.5-7.0, the culture temperature is 18-23 ℃, the humidity is 72% -76%, the temperature difference between day and night is controlled at 8-12 ℃, and the picking and drying can be carried out when the stem length after fruiting reaches 8-12 cm.
10. The method for culturing termitomyces albuminosus according to claim 1, wherein the culture method comprises: the culture materials used for artificial cultivation under the wild-simulated forest comprise: 65% of lotus seed hulls, 25% of rhizoma imperatae, 10% of corncobs, 3% of lime gypsum powder and 62% -68% of water content; pH: 5.5 to 6.8.
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