CN112703963A

CN112703963A - Method for cultivating oyster mushroom by using stevia rebaudiana leaf residues

Info

Publication number: CN112703963A
Application number: CN202011392092.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姚五洲; 赵新峰
Original assignee: Shandong Shengxiangyuan Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Shengxiangyuan Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-03
Filing date: 2020-12-03
Publication date: 2021-04-27

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fungus cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating oyster mushroom by stevia rebaudiana leaf residues. The cultivation material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0-50% of cotton seed hulls, 30-80% of stevia leaf residues, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of monopotassium phosphate, 1% of gypsum and 65 +/-2% of water content. The method for cultivating oyster mushrooms comprises the following steps: preparing strains to obtain excellent strains; bagging the culture materials, and sterilizing by high-pressure steam; inoculating the strain into the cooled cultivation bag; carrying out spawn running management on the cultivation bags; and (4) fruiting management and picking. According to the method, the originally waste stevia rebaudiana leaf residues are recycled, the environmental protection pressure is reduced, the nutritional ingredients of protein, fat, fiber and total sugar of the oyster mushroom cultured by the leaf residues are higher than those of the common oyster mushroom, and the economic benefit is considerable.

Description

Method for cultivating oyster mushroom by using stevia rebaudiana leaf residues

Technical Field

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of fungus cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating oyster mushroom by stevia rebaudiana leaf residues.

Background

Pleurotus ostreatus is also called Pleurotus ostreatus, oyster mushroom and Pleurotus eryngii, is a common gray edible mushroom, and has its bud tube continuously branched and elongated to form mononuclear hypha in the growth process; after the mononuclear hyphae with different sexes are combined (matched) to form binuclear hyphae, the binuclear hyphae has a lock-shaped combination on a diaphragm, the binuclear hyphae continuously performs cell division by virtue of the lock-shaped combination to generate branches, and the binuclear hyphae can grow and reproduce infinitely under the condition of proper environment, protein polysaccharide in the oyster mushroom has a strong inhibition effect on cancer cells and can enhance the immune function of the organism, the normal edible oyster mushroom not only can play the roles of improving the metabolism of the human body and regulating the autonomic nerve, but also has obvious effects of reducing the serum cholesterol of the human body, reducing the blood pressure, preventing and treating hepatitis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and hypertension, and in addition, the normal edible oyster mushroom also has certain benefits on preventing cancers and regulating the climacteric syndrome of women.

Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl, a scientific name, is a perennial herb of the Stevia genus of the Compositae family. The plant height is 1-1.3 m. The root tips are large, 50-60 strips, and the length can reach 25 cm. Upright stem, lignified shoot at the base, tender upper part, dense short hairy hair, purple red or white corolla at the base and white upper part. The thin fruit is linear, slightly flat and brown and has crown hair. The flowering period is 7-9 months, and the fruit period is 9-11 months. The species prefers to grow in a warm and humid environment and is sensitive to light. The leaf contains 6-12% of stevioside, and the refined product is white powder, is a natural sweetener with low calorie and high sweetness, and is one of raw materials in food and pharmaceutical industries. Generally, after stevia sugar is extracted from leaves by stevia sugar production enterprises, leaf residues are treated, and about tens of thousands of tons of leaf residues are to be treated in the whole stevia sugar extraction industry, if the leaf residues are discarded as waste materials, potential resource waste exists, the environment is stressed, and the national policy and guideline for developing circular economy is not met. According to the traditional method for cultivating the oyster mushroom, raw materials such as cottonseed hulls and wheat bran are used as substrates for cultivating the oyster mushroom, while stevia rebaudiana leaf residues are used as main raw materials for cultivating the oyster mushroom, so that the leaf residues are utilized, and nutrient substances such as cellulose, lignin, a carbon source, a nitrogen source and the like contained in the leaf residues also improve the quality of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a method for cultivating oyster mushroom by using stevia rebaudiana leaf residues, which recycles the waste stevia rebaudiana leaf residues. According to the method for cultivating the oyster mushroom, provided by the invention, the method for cultivating the oyster mushroom comprises the following steps:

1. preparing strains: transferring fresh oyster mushroom flesh tissue into a mother strain culture medium slant for culture to obtain a mother strain, performing propagation culture on the obtained mother strain to obtain an original strain, performing inoculation culture on the original strain, and selecting a strain with fast spawn running and vigorous hypha as a cultivated strain;

a. the mother seed formula comprises:

200g of potatoes, 20g of glucose, 15-20 g of agar, 1000mL of water and natural pH value.

b. The preparation method comprises the following steps:

preparing a filtrate: peeling potato, cutting into small pieces, placing into a pot, adding 1000ml water, heating on a heater to boil, maintaining for 20-30min, filtering with 2 layers of gauze on a measuring cup, and removing the residue. The filtrate was supplemented to 1000ml with water.

Heating for dissolving: putting the filtrate into a pot, adding 20g of glucose and 15-20 g of agar (broken in advance), then putting the mixture on an asbestos net, heating the mixture with a small fire, continuously stirring the mixture by using a glass rod to prevent the agar from being burnt or overflowing, and supplementing water to the required amount after the agar is completely dissolved.

Subpackaging: the prepared culture medium is subpackaged into test tubes or 500ml triangular flasks. The triangular funnel can be used during subpackage to avoid the culture medium from being stained on the pipe orifice or the bottle mouth to cause pollution. Subpackaging amount: the solid culture medium is about 1/5 of test tube height, sterilized, made into slant, and subpackaged in triangular flask with volume no more than half of the volume, and the semisolid culture medium is preferably 1/3 of test tube height, sterilized and vertically coagulated.

Adding a cotton plug: after the culture medium is subpackaged, a cotton plug is plugged on the opening of the test tube or the triangular flask so as to prevent external microorganisms from entering the culture medium to cause pollution and ensure good ventilation performance.

Wrapping: after plugging, all test tubes are tied by hemp ropes or rubber bands, a layer of kraft paper is wrapped outside the cotton plug to prevent condensed water from wetting the cotton plug during sterilization, the cotton plug is tied by a cotton rope or rubber band, and the name, the group and the preparation date of the culture medium are marked by a marker pen.

And (3) sterilization: placing into a sterilizing pot, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C and 0.11-0.12MPa for 30 min. Cooling for later use after sterilization.

The original and cultivated species culture medium and the formula thereof are as follows:

80% of cottonseed hulls, 19% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 65 +/-2% of water content;

2. bagging and sterilizing: filling the cultivation material into cultivation bags with cotton-free covers, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C under 0.11-0.12MPa for 2-3 hr; the cultivation bag is (15-19) × (30-36) polypropylene bag.

The formula of the cultivation material is as follows: 0-50% of cotton seed hulls, 30-80% of stevia leaf residues, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of monopotassium phosphate, 1% of gypsum and 65 +/-2% of water content.

3. Inoculation: inoculating the cultivated seeds into the cultivation bags under aseptic condition after the cultivation bags are cooled to below 25 ℃; the inoculation amount is 5-10%.

4. Spawn running management: placing the inoculated cultivation bag at 23-25 deg.C and humidity of 40-60%, culturing in dark place, ventilating every day, monitoring temperature between the fungus bags, turning the bag when the monitored temperature is higher than 28 deg.C, and continuously culturing for 2-4 days after the bag is full of mycelia; ventilating for 1-3 times per day for 20-40 min.

5. And (3) fruiting management: adjusting the environmental temperature of the cultivation bag to 24-26 ℃, the humidity to 80-90% and the illumination intensity to 80-220Lux, adjusting the environmental humidity of the cultivation bag to 70-80% and the illumination intensity to 480-550Lux when the fruiting body is mature, harvesting for multiple times after the fruiting body is mature, and spraying water moderately after harvesting oyster mushroom once.

The method for cultivating the oyster mushroom can provide the best growth environment and required nutrition for the oyster mushroom, promote the growth of the oyster mushroom and improve the conversion rate, the yield and the product quality of the oyster mushroom. The leaf residues are used as raw materials and matched with other agricultural and sideline products, and the oyster mushroom which is a vegetable with higher added value is obtained through cultivation, so that waste is changed into valuable, and the cyclic utilization and regeneration of resources are realized. The adopted formula has reasonable nutrition composition, meets the nutrition requirement of oyster mushroom growth, and successfully obtains oyster mushroom fruiting bodies through cultivation and fruiting experiments.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the growth of a bag of Pleurotus ostreatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a fruiting diagram of the Pleurotus ostreatus bag in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Example 1

1. Preparing strains: transferring fresh Pleurotus Ostreatus meat tissue into slant of mother culture medium, culturing to obtain mother strain, performing propagation culture to obtain stock, performing inoculation culture to the stock, and selecting strain with fast growth and strong hypha as cultivar.

The formula of the cultivation bag is as follows:

content of cotton seed hull	Leaf residue content of stevia	Wheat bran content	Content of Gypsum Fibrosum	Potassium dihydrogen phosphate content
					50%	30%	18%	1%	1%

Example 2

The formula of the cultivation bag is as follows:

content of cotton seed hull	Leaf residue content of stevia	Wheat bran content	Content of Gypsum Fibrosum	Potassium dihydrogen phosphate content
					30%	50%	18%	1%	1%

Example 3

The formula of the cultivation bag is as follows:

content of cotton seed hull	Leaf residue content of stevia	Wheat bran content	Content of Gypsum Fibrosum	Potassium dihydrogen phosphate content
					0%	80%	18%	1%	1%

As a result:

according to the cultivation test of the example, the statistical results are as follows:

1. and (3) analyzing the nutrient components, wherein the specific nutrient component detection result is as follows:

from the comparison analysis of the data, the data of the example 2 are highlighted, wherein the contents of protein, fat, fiber and total sugar are obviously higher than those of the oyster mushroom fruiting bodies of the common mushroom sticks and the mushroom sticks of other examples, and the contents of ash and vitamin C are basically equal to those of the mushroom fruiting bodies of the mushroom sticks of other examples. The formulation and control conditions of example 2 proved to be optimal.

2. Fruiting amount data

From the comparison analysis of the data, the fruiting data of the example 2 is obviously higher than that of the oyster mushroom fruiting bodies of the common mushroom sticks and the mushroom sticks of other examples, and the fruiting number of the three examples is higher than that of the common mushroom sticks, so that the effect of stevia leaf residues on yield improvement of oyster mushrooms is obvious.

By integrating the nutrient data and the fruiting quantity data, it can be seen that the conditions of the example 2 are optimal, and when the conditions are adopted for oyster mushroom cultivation, the fruiting quantity and the nutrient content can reach ideal levels.

While embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments, it will be understood that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating oyster mushroom by using stevia rebaudiana leaf residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preparing strains: transferring fresh oyster mushroom flesh tissue into a mother strain culture medium slant for culture to obtain a mother strain, performing propagation culture on the obtained mother strain to obtain an original strain, performing inoculation culture on the original strain, and selecting a strain with fast spawn running and vigorous hypha as a cultivated strain;

(2) bagging and sterilizing: filling the cultivation material into cultivation bags, covering with a ventilation cover, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C under 0.11-0.12MPa for 2-3 hr;

(3) inoculation: inoculating the cultivated seeds into the cultivation bags under aseptic condition after the cultivation bags are cooled to below 25 ℃;

(4) spawn running management: placing the inoculated cultivation bag at 23-25 deg.C and humidity of 40-60%, culturing in dark place, ventilating every day, monitoring temperature between the fungus bags, turning the bag when the monitored temperature is higher than 28 deg.C, and continuously culturing for 2-4 days after the bag is full of mycelia; ventilating for 1-3 times per day;

(5) and (3) fruiting management: adjusting the environmental temperature of the cultivation bag to 24-26 ℃, the humidity to 80-90% and the illumination intensity to 80-220Lux, adjusting the environmental humidity of the cultivation bag to 70-80% and the illumination intensity to 480-550Lux when the fruiting body is mature, harvesting for multiple times after the fruiting body is mature, and spraying water moderately after harvesting oyster mushroom once.

2. The method for cultivating oyster mushroom according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mother culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200g of potatoes, 20g of glucose, 15-20 g of agar and 1000mL of water.

3. The method for cultivating oyster mushroom according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the culture medium adopted by the stock comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80% of cottonseed hull, 19% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 65 +/-2% of water content.

4. The method for cultivating oyster mushroom according to claim 1, wherein, in the step (1), cultivars comprise the following raw materials: 80% of cottonseed hull, 19% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 65 +/-2% of water content.

5. The method for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the cultivation material comprises the following raw materials: 0-50% of cotton seed hulls, 30-80% of stevia leaf residues, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of monopotassium phosphate, 1% of gypsum and 65 +/-2% of water content.

6. The method for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation bag is a (15-19) x (30-36) polypropylene bag.

7. The method for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus according to claim 1, wherein the amount of inoculation in step (3) is 5-10%.

8. The method for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), ventilation is performed 1-3 times per day for 20-40 min.