CN115530008A - Greenhouse cultivation method for morchella esculenta - Google Patents
Greenhouse cultivation method for morchella esculenta Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 240000002769 Morchella esculenta Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 235000002779 Morchella esculenta Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 241000221638 Morchella Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 64
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 28
- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229950008167 abamectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-UNOMPAQXSA-N cyhalothrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-UNOMPAQXSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N phoxim Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)O\N=C(\C#N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229950001664 phoxim Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005946 Cypermethrin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cypermethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(Cl)Cl)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960005424 cypermethrin Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- MSFGZHUJTJBYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dichloroisocyanurate Chemical compound [Na+].ClN1C(=O)[N-]C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O MSFGZHUJTJBYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-RDDWSQKMSA-N (1S)-cis-(alphaR)-cyhalothrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F)[C@@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-RDDWSQKMSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005910 lambda-Cyhalothrin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N avermectin B1a Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000853 biopesticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000222382 Agaricomycotina Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000221960 Neurospora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000221700 Pezizales Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a greenhouse cultivation method of morchella esculenta, which comprises the following steps: preparing strain nutrient materials to prepare cultivated species, then performing sterilization treatment and insecticidal treatment on the cultivated soil twice, then performing seeding, rotary tillage, soil covering and water spraying, placing the prepared nutrient bags in the ground, covering a film on the ground surface, and then performing cultivation management; when the outside air temperature meets the conditions, the mushroom-accelerating water is poured, and the mushroom-accelerating water is poured thoroughly with large water. The cultivation method can improve the yield of the morchella.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of morchella cultivation, and particularly relates to a greenhouse cultivation method for morchella.
Background
Morchella (Morchella spp.) belonging to Ascomycotina (Ascomycotina), hymenomycetes (Discomycetes), hymenomycetes (Pezizales), morchellacaceae (Morchellacea) and Morchella (Morchella) is named because its pileus surface has a web-like ridge shape similar to Morchella. The morchella is a rare and rare edible and medicinal fungus, and has delicious, crisp and tender meat and extremely high nutritional and medicinal values. In recent years, the cultivation scale and area of morchella esculenta are rapidly increased due to the advantages of short artificial planting period, low labor cost, good economic benefit and the like, and the morchella esculenta gradually becomes another large cultivation type in the edible fungus industry of China.
The yield per mu of morchella obtained by the traditional morchella cultivation method is low, and the method for cultivating the morchella in the greenhouse is especially important for improving the yield per mu of the morchella.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a greenhouse cultivation method for morchella esculenta, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the cultivation method carries out two times of sterilization treatment and insecticidal treatment on the earlier stage of cultivation soil, can avoid forgetting to plant mushroom due to the propagation of sundry fungi in the fruiting stage soil and prevent diseases, and enables the morchella esculenta to improve the yield.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a greenhouse cultivation method of morchella comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of cultivars: preparing a strain culture material, filling the strain culture material into an edible fungus plastic bag, and then sealing the bag by using a non-cotton cover body for normal-pressure sterilization; after the temperature of the strain culture material in the edible fungus plastic bag is reduced to 20 ℃, inoculating the stock to the sterilized strain culture material, then culturing for 30 days at the temperature of 15-20 ℃, and obtaining a cultivated species after hyphae grow fully in the edible fungus plastic bag;
s2, sterilizing and disinsectizing treatment of the cultivation soil at the early stage:
carrying out first sterilization and disinsection treatment in 7-8 months, wherein the sterilization treatment is carried out firstly, and sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder with the mass fraction of 20% is adopted for the sterilization treatment and is scattered on the surface of soil; then carrying out insecticidal treatment, wherein 5% of phoxim particles are firstly spread in the insecticidal treatment, then 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin and 1.8% of abamectin are sprayed on the surface of the soil, watering is carried out after 12 hours, lime powder is scattered on the surface of the soil when the water content of the soil reaches 60%, then carrying out rotary tillage treatment, and then closing a shed film for greenhouse stewing treatment;
s3, sowing:
carrying out second sterilization and pest killing treatment in 10-11 months, wherein the step of the second sterilization and pest killing treatment is the same as S2; then, carrying out rotary tillage, uniformly scattering the cultivated species obtained in the step S1 on the surface of the soil after rotary tillage according to the amount of 300-500 jin per mu, then covering soil on the cultivated species, and spraying water to enable the water content of the soil to be 60 percent;
s4, placing a nutrition bag: after sowing for 7-10 days in S3, placing a nutrition bag when hyphae grow over the ground, placing 2500-3000 bags per mu, covering a film on the ground surface, and carrying out cultivation management under the condition that the temperature is kept less than 18 ℃;
s5, mushroom forcing: when the outside temperature is 0-10 ℃, the mushroom-accelerating water is poured, and the mushroom-accelerating water needs to be fully poured.
Preferably, the strain culture material S1 comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% of corncobs, 20% of rice hulls, 40% of wheat, 2% of lime powder, 4% of sorghum flour and 4% of corn flour; the strain culture material is a wet material, and the mass ratio of the strain culture material to water is 1.5.
Preferably, the specification of the edible fungus plastic bag of S1 is 15 x 30cm, and the length is less than or equal to 20cm; and 1.5 jin of strain culture material is filled in each edible fungus plastic bag.
Preferably, the amount of the sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder with the mass fraction of 20 percent in the S2 is 200 g/mu; the dosage of the 5 percent phoxim granules is 5-8 jin per mu; the dosage of the 2.5 percent efficient cyhalothrin is 30 ml/mu, and the dosage of the 1.8 percent avermectin is 45 ml/mu; the dosage of the lime powder is 200 jin/mu; the time of the greenhouse stewing treatment is more than or equal to 10 days.
Preferably, the thickness of the casing soil in S3 is 1cm.
Preferably, the nutrition bag in S4 comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45% of wheat, 45% of corncobs, 4% of lime powder, 1% of phosphate and 5% of wheat bran, wherein the phosphate is monopotassium phosphate or monoammonium phosphate powder.
Preferably, before the nutrition bags are placed in the S4, 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin and 1.8% of abamectin are used for carrying out insecticidal treatment on the soil surface, wherein the using amount of the 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin is 45 ml/mu, and the using amount of the 1.8% of abamectin is 30 ml/mu; the method for placing the nutrition bag comprises the following steps: and cutting two seams with the interval of 1cm on one surface of the nutrition bag by using a blade, and then connecting the cut side surface with the ground.
Preferably, the manufacturing method of the nutrition bag comprises the following steps: mixing the corncobs, the lime powder, the phosphate and the wheat bran to obtain a mixture; adding 1.8% abamectin with the mass of 250g and 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin with the mass of 250g into 2500kg of water to obtain a mixed solution, adding 4000 jin of the mixed solution into the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, then tightly piling and perforating, timing when the temperature of the mixed material pile reaches 50 ℃, turning the mixed material pile after 24 hours, simultaneously soaking the wheat for 24 hours, uniformly mixing with the mixed material pile, and then bagging to obtain a nutrition bag; and sterilizing the nutrition bag at normal pressure, timing when the temperature of the whole nutrition bag rises to 100 ℃, maintaining for 8-10 h, reducing the temperature of the sterilized nutrition bag to be below 20 ℃, and placing the nutrition bag in the ground.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the cultivation soil is subjected to early stage sterilization and insecticidal treatment, so that the phenomena of forgetting of mushroom built and diseases caused by the propagation of mixed bacteria in the soil in the fruiting stage can be avoided; the strain culture material can ensure that hyphae grow vigorously and have strong air permeability, and good cultivated species can be obtained.
2. The sterilization time and temperature are critical in the manufacturing process of the nutrition bag, the sterilization time and temperature are strictly controlled, with the prolonging of the sterilization time and the rising of the temperature, the nutrients of the culture material of the nutrition bag are damaged and easily carbonized, so that the hyphae are inhibited, the hyphae grow slowly, the sterilization time is too short and the sterilization temperature is not reached, the anaerobic bacteria infected nutrition bag is formed, sourness and odor are generated, and the Neurospora is propagated in large quantity; in addition, in the manufacturing process of the nutrition package, the wheat is not easy to soak in advance, and the wheat is easy to germinate in advance to influence nutrient absorption.
3. The mushroom-accelerating water is poured thoroughly with large water, so that the nutrient absorption of morchella is prevented from being influenced by water shortage of soil after fruiting, and the yield is reduced.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The greenhouse cultivation method for the morchella comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of cultivars: firstly, preparing a strain culture material, filling the strain culture material into an edible fungus plastic bag, and then sealing the bag by using a non-cotton cover body for normal-pressure sterilization; after the temperature of the strain culture material in the edible fungus plastic bag is reduced to 20 ℃, inoculating the stock to the sterilized strain culture material, then culturing for 30 days at the temperature of 17 ℃, and obtaining a cultivated species after hypha grows in the edible fungus plastic bag;
the strain culture material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% of corncobs, 20% of rice hulls, 40% of wheat, 2% of lime powder, 4% of sorghum flour and 4% of corn flour; the specification of the edible fungus plastic is 15 multiplied by 30cm, and the length is 20cm; 1.5 jin of the strain culture material is filled in each edible fungus plastic bag; the strain culture material is a wet material, and the mass ratio of the strain culture material to water is 1.5;
s2, sterilizing and disinsection treatment at the earlier stage of the cultivation soil:
carrying out first sterilization and disinsection treatment in 7-8 months, wherein the sterilization treatment is carried out firstly, and 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder is adopted for the sterilization treatment and is scattered on the surface of soil; then carrying out insecticidal treatment, wherein 5 jin of 5% phoxim particles are firstly spread in each mu of land, then 2.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin and 1.8% abamectin are sprayed on the surface of the soil, watering is carried out after 12h, when the water content of the soil reaches 60%, 200 jin of lime powder is scattered in each mu of land on the surface of the soil, then carrying out rotary tillage treatment, and then closing a greenhouse film for greenhouse stewing treatment, wherein the time for greenhouse stewing treatment is 10 days; the dosage of the 2.5 percent of high-efficiency cypermethrin is 30 ml/mu, and the dosage of the 1.8 percent of abamectin is 45 ml/mu;
s3, sowing:
the step of carrying out the second sterilization and pest killing treatment in 10-11 months is the same as the step in S2; then carrying out rotary tillage, uniformly scattering the cultivated species obtained in the step S1 on the surface of the soil after rotary tillage according to the dosage of 300 jin per mu, covering the cultivated species with the thickness of 1cm of covering soil, and spraying water for one time to ensure that the water content of the soil is 60 percent, so that high humidity and air permeability can be achieved;
s4, placing a nutrition bag: 8 days after the sowing in the S3, placing nutrition bags when hyphae grow over the ground, placing 2700 bags per mu, covering a film on the ground surface, and carrying out cultivation management under the condition of keeping the temperature at 15 ℃;
the nutrition bag comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45% of wheat, 45% of corncobs, 4% of lime powder, 1% of monopotassium phosphate and 5% of wheat bran; before the nutrition bag is placed, 2.5% of efficient cyhalothrin and 1.8% of abamectin are used for carrying out insecticidal treatment on the surface of the soil, wherein the using amount of the 2.5% of efficient cyhalothrin is 45 ml/mu, and the using amount of the 1.8% of abamectin is 30 ml/mu; the method for placing the nutrition bag comprises the following steps: cutting two seams with the interval of 1cm on one side surface of the nutrition bag by using a blade, and then connecting the cut surface with the ground;
the manufacturing method of the nutrition bag comprises the following steps: mixing the corncobs, the lime powder, the phosphate and the wheat bran to obtain a mixture; then adding 250g of 1.8% abamectin and 250g of 2.5% of efficient cyhalothrin into 2500kg of water to obtain a mixed solution, adding 4000 jin of the mixed solution into the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, then closing piles, perforating, timing when the temperature of the mixed solution reaches 50 ℃, turning the piles after 24 hours, simultaneously soaking the wheat for 24 hours, uniformly mixing with the mixed material piles, and then bagging to obtain a nutrition bag; sterilizing the nutrition bag under normal pressure, timing when the temperature of the whole nutrition bag rises to 100 ℃, maintaining for 9 hours, reducing the temperature of the sterilized nutrition bag to be below 20 ℃, and placing the nutrition bag in the ground;
s5, mushroom forcing: when the outside temperature is 0-10 ℃, pouring the mushroom-accelerating water which needs to be fully filled; the mushroom hastening is carried out in the north China from the beginning of 11 months to the end of 12 months.
By adopting the greenhouse cultivation method of the morchella esculenta, the yield of dry morchella esculenta per mu is 300 jin finally; the yield of dry morchella per mu obtained by the existing morchella cultivation method is 100 jin, and the cultivation method of the embodiment improves the yield of dry bacteria per mu by 3 times compared with the existing cultivation method.
In this embodiment, the 5% phoxim granules are purchased from a chemical plant of dengtze, jingning, shandong, the 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin is purchased from agro-chemical limited, shandong, libang, and the 1.8% avermectin is purchased from zhengxing biopesticide, north-Hebei Cangzhou.
Example 2
The greenhouse cultivation method for the morchella comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of cultivars: firstly, preparing a strain culture material, filling the strain culture material into an edible fungus plastic bag, and then sealing the bag by using a non-cotton cover body for normal-pressure sterilization; after the temperature of the strain culture material in the edible fungus plastic bag is reduced to 20 ℃, inoculating the stock to the sterilized strain culture material, then culturing for 30 days at the temperature of 15 ℃, and obtaining a cultivated species after hypha grows fully in the edible fungus plastic bag;
the strain culture material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% of corncobs, 20% of rice hulls, 40% of wheat, 2% of lime powder, 4% of sorghum flour and 4% of corn flour; the specification of the edible fungus plastic is 15 multiplied by 30cm, and the length is 19cm; 1.5 jin of the strain culture material is filled in each edible fungus plastic bag; the strain culture material is a wet material, and the mass ratio of the strain culture material to water is 1.5;
s2, sterilizing and disinsection treatment at the earlier stage of the cultivation soil:
carrying out first sterilization and disinsection treatment in 7-8 months, wherein the sterilization treatment is carried out firstly, and 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder is adopted for the sterilization treatment and is scattered on the surface of soil; then carrying out insecticidal treatment, wherein 8 jin of 5% phoxim particles are firstly spread in each mu of land, then 2.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin and 1.8% abamectin are sprayed on the surface of the soil, watering is carried out after 12h, when the water content of the soil reaches 60%, 200 jin of lime powder is scattered in each mu of land on the surface of the soil, then carrying out rotary tillage treatment, and then closing a greenhouse film for greenhouse stewing treatment, wherein the time for greenhouse stewing treatment is 10 days; the dosage of the 2.5 percent of high-efficiency cypermethrin is 30 ml/mu, and the dosage of the 1.8 percent of abamectin is 45 ml/mu;
s3, sowing:
carrying out second sterilization and pest killing treatment in 10-11 months, wherein the steps of the second sterilization and pest killing treatment are the same as those in S2; then carrying out rotary tillage, uniformly scattering the cultivated species obtained in the step S1 on the surface of the soil after rotary tillage according to the dosage of 400 jin per mu, then carrying out rotary tillage, covering the cultivated species with the thickness of covering soil of 1cm, and spraying water to ensure that the water content of the soil is 60 percent, so that high humidity and air permeability can be achieved;
s4, placing a nutrition bag: after seeding for 7 days in S3, placing a nutrition bag when hyphae grow over the ground, placing 2500 bags per mu, covering a film on the ground surface, and carrying out cultivation management under the condition of keeping the temperature at 16 ℃;
the nutrition bag comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45% of wheat, 45% of corncobs, 4% of lime powder, 1% of monopotassium phosphate and 5% of wheat bran; before the nutrition bag is placed, 2.5% of efficient cyhalothrin and 1.8% of abamectin are used for carrying out insecticidal treatment on the surface of the soil, wherein the using amount of the 2.5% of efficient cyhalothrin is 45 ml/mu, and the using amount of the 1.8% of abamectin is 30 ml/mu; the method for placing the nutrition bag comprises the following steps: cutting two seams with the interval of 1cm on one side surface of the nutrition bag by a blade, and then connecting the cut surface with the ground;
the manufacturing method of the nutrition bag comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing the corncobs, the lime powder, the phosphate and the wheat bran to obtain a mixture; then adding 250g of 1.8% abamectin and 250g of 2.5% of efficient cyhalothrin into 2500kg of water to obtain a mixed solution, adding 4000 jin of the mixed solution into the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, then closing piles, perforating, timing when the temperature of the mixed solution reaches 50 ℃, turning the piles after 24 hours, simultaneously soaking the wheat for 24 hours, uniformly mixing with the mixed material piles, and then bagging to obtain a nutrition bag; sterilizing the nutrition bag at normal pressure, timing when the temperature of the whole nutrition bag rises to 100 ℃, maintaining for 8 hours, reducing the temperature of the sterilized nutrition bag to be below 20 ℃, and placing the nutrition bag in the ground;
s5, mushroom forcing: when the outside air temperature is 0-10 ℃, the mushroom-accelerating water is poured, and the mushroom-accelerating water needs to be fully poured.
In this embodiment, the 5% phoxim granules are purchased from a chemical plant of dengtze, jingning, shandong, the 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin is purchased from agro-chemical limited, shandong, libang, and the 1.8% avermectin is purchased from zhengxing biopesticide, north-Hebei Cangzhou.
Example 3
The greenhouse cultivation method for the morchella comprises the following steps:
s1, production of cultivars: firstly, preparing strain culture materials, filling the strain culture materials into an edible fungus plastic bag, and then sealing by a non-cotton cover body for normal-pressure sterilization; after the temperature of the strain culture material in the edible fungus plastic bag is reduced to 20 ℃, inoculating the stock seeds to the sterilized strain culture material, then culturing for 30 days at the temperature of 20 ℃, and obtaining cultivated species after hyphae grow fully in the edible fungus plastic bag;
the strain culture material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% of corncobs, 20% of rice hulls, 40% of wheat, 2% of lime powder, 4% of sorghum flour and 4% of corn flour; the specification of the edible fungus plastic is 15 multiplied by 30cm, and the length is 18cm; 1.5 jin of the strain culture material is filled in each edible fungus plastic bag; the strain culture material is a wet material, and the mass ratio of the strain culture material to water is 1.5;
s2, sterilizing and disinsection treatment at the earlier stage of the cultivation soil:
carrying out first sterilization and disinsection treatment in 7-8 months, wherein the sterilization treatment is carried out firstly, and 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder is adopted for the sterilization treatment and is scattered on the surface of soil; then carrying out insecticidal treatment, wherein 7 jin of 5% phoxim particles are firstly spread in each mu of land, then 2.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin and 1.8% abamectin are sprayed on the surface of the soil for 12 hours and then irrigated, when the water content of the soil reaches 60%, 200 jin of lime powder is scattered in each mu of land on the surface of the soil, then carrying out rotary tillage treatment, and then closing a greenhouse film for greenhouse stewing treatment, wherein the time for greenhouse stewing treatment is 10 days; the dosage of the 2.5 percent of high-efficiency cypermethrin is 30 ml/mu, and the dosage of the 1.8 percent of abamectin is 45 ml/mu;
s3, sowing:
carrying out second sterilization and pest killing treatment in 10-11 months, wherein the steps of the second sterilization and pest killing treatment are the same as those in S2; then carrying out rotary tillage, uniformly scattering the cultivated species obtained in the step S1 on the surface of the soil after rotary tillage according to the dosage of 500 jin per mu, covering the cultivated species with the thickness of 1cm of covering soil, and spraying water for one time to ensure that the water content of the soil is 60 percent, so that high humidity and air permeability can be achieved;
s4, placing a nutrition bag: after sowing for 10 days in S3, placing 3000 bags per mu when hyphae grow over the ground, covering a film on the ground surface, and carrying out cultivation management at the temperature of 17 ℃;
the nutrition bag comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45% of wheat, 45% of corncobs, 4% of lime powder, 1% of monopotassium phosphate and 5% of wheat bran; before the nutrition bag is placed, 2.5% of efficient cyhalothrin and 1.8% of abamectin are used for carrying out insecticidal treatment on the surface of the soil, wherein the using amount of the 2.5% of efficient cyhalothrin is 45 ml/mu, and the using amount of the 1.8% of abamectin is 30 ml/mu; the method for placing the nutrition bag comprises the following steps: cutting two seams with the interval of 1cm on one side surface of the nutrition bag by a blade, and then connecting the cut surface with the ground;
the manufacturing method of the nutrition bag comprises the following steps: mixing the corncobs, the lime powder, the phosphate and the wheat bran to obtain a mixture; then adding 1.8% abamectin with the mass of 250g and 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin with the mass of 250g into 2500kg of water to obtain a mixed solution, adding 4000 jin of the mixed solution into the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, then tightly piling and perforating, timing when the temperature of the mixed solution reaches 50 ℃, turning the piles after 24h, simultaneously soaking the wheat for 24h, uniformly mixing with the mixed material piles, and then bagging to obtain a nutrition bag; sterilizing the nutrition bag at normal pressure, timing when the temperature of the whole nutrition bag rises to 100 ℃, maintaining for 10 hours, reducing the temperature of the sterilized nutrition bag to be below 20 ℃, and placing the nutrition bag in the ground;
s5, mushroom forcing: when the outside temperature is 0-10 ℃, the mushroom-accelerating water is poured, and the mushroom-accelerating water needs to be fully poured.
In this embodiment, the 5% phoxim granules are purchased from a chemical plant of dengtze, jingning, shandong, the 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin is purchased from agro-chemical limited, shandong, libang, and the 1.8% avermectin is purchased from zhengxing biopesticide, north-Hebei Cangzhou.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A greenhouse cultivation method for morchella is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, production of cultivars: preparing a strain culture material, filling the strain culture material into an edible fungus plastic bag, and then sealing the bag by using a non-cotton cover body for normal-pressure sterilization; after the temperature of the strain culture material in the edible fungus plastic bag is reduced to 20 ℃, inoculating the stock to the sterilized strain culture material, then culturing for 30 days at the temperature of 15-20 ℃, and obtaining a cultivated species after hyphae grow fully in the edible fungus plastic bag;
s2, sterilizing and disinsectizing treatment of the cultivation soil at the early stage: carrying out first sterilization and disinsection treatment in 7-8 months, wherein the sterilization treatment is carried out firstly, and sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder with the mass fraction of 20% is adopted for the sterilization treatment and is scattered on the surface of soil; then carrying out insecticidal treatment, wherein 5% of phoxim particles are firstly spread, then 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin and 1.8% of abamectin are sprayed on the surface of the soil, irrigation is carried out after 12 hours, lime powder is scattered on the surface of the soil when the water content of the soil reaches 60%, then rotary tillage treatment is carried out, and then a shed film is closed for shed braising treatment;
s3, sowing: carrying out second sterilization and pest killing treatment in 10-11 months, wherein the steps of the second sterilization and pest killing treatment are the same as those of S2; then, carrying out rotary tillage, uniformly scattering the cultivated species obtained in the step S1 on the surface of the soil after rotary tillage according to the amount of 300-500 jin per mu, then covering soil on the cultivated species, and spraying water to enable the water content of the soil to be 60 percent;
s4, placing a nutrition bag: after sowing for 7-10 days in S3, placing a nutrition bag when hyphae grow over the ground, placing 2500-3000 bags per mu, covering a film on the ground surface, and carrying out cultivation management under the condition that the temperature is kept less than 18 ℃;
s5, mushroom forcing: when the outside temperature is 0-10 ℃, the mushroom-accelerating water is poured, and the mushroom-accelerating water needs to be fully poured.
2. The greenhouse cultivation method for morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein the strain culture material S1 comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% of corncob, 20% of rice hull, 40% of wheat, 2% of lime powder, 4% of sorghum flour and 4% of corn flour.
3. The greenhouse cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 2, wherein the edible fungus plastic bag S1 is 15 x 30cm in size and less than or equal to 20cm in length; and 1.5 jin of strain culture material is filled in each edible fungus plastic bag.
4. The greenhouse cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder with the mass fraction of 20% in the S2 is 200 g/mu; the dosage of the 5 percent phoxim granules is 5-8 jin per mu; the dosage of the 2.5 percent of high-efficiency cypermethrin is 30 ml/mu, and the dosage of the 1.8 percent of abamectin is 45 ml/mu; the dosage of the lime powder is 200 jin/mu; the time of the greenhouse stewing treatment is more than or equal to 10 days.
5. The greenhouse cultivation method for morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the covering soil in S3 is 1cm.
6. The greenhouse cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein the nutrition bag in S4 comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45% of wheat, 45% of corncobs, 4% of lime powder, 1% of phosphate and 5% of wheat bran, wherein the phosphate is monopotassium phosphate or monoammonium phosphate powder.
7. The greenhouse cultivation method for morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein 2.5% of lambda-cyhalothrin and 1.8% of abamectin are used for carrying out insecticidal treatment on the surface of the soil before the nutrition bags are placed in S4, the dosage of the 2.5% of lambda-cyhalothrin is 45 ml/mu, and the dosage of the 1.8% of abamectin is 30 ml/mu; the method for placing the nutrition bag comprises the following steps: and cutting two seams with the interval of 1cm on one surface of the nutrition bag by using a blade, and then connecting the cut side surface with the ground.
8. The greenhouse cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 6, wherein the manufacturing method of the nutrition bag comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing the corncobs, the lime powder, the phosphate and the wheat bran to obtain a mixture; adding 1.8% abamectin with the mass of 250g and 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin with the mass of 250g into 2500kg of water to obtain a mixed solution, adding 4000 jin of the mixed solution into the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, then tightly piling and perforating, timing when the temperature of the mixed material pile reaches 50 ℃, turning the mixed material pile after 24 hours, simultaneously soaking the wheat for 24 hours, uniformly mixing with the mixed material pile, and then bagging to obtain a nutrition bag; and sterilizing the nutrition bag at normal pressure, timing when the temperature of the whole nutrition bag rises to 100 ℃, maintaining for 8-10 h, reducing the temperature of the sterilized nutrition bag to be below 20 ℃, and placing the nutrition bag in the ground.
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