CN111406575A - Method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata - Google Patents
Method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata Download PDFInfo
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- CN111406575A CN111406575A CN202010413151.5A CN202010413151A CN111406575A CN 111406575 A CN111406575 A CN 111406575A CN 202010413151 A CN202010413151 A CN 202010413151A CN 111406575 A CN111406575 A CN 111406575A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata, which comprises the following steps: (1) activating the parent strain: inoculating stropharia rugoso-annulata strains on a slant culture medium, and keeping the slant full of mycelia for later use; (2) preparing cultivars: manufacturing a cultivation bag, inoculating a mother seed in the stock seed bag in an aseptic operation, culturing at 20-26 ℃, inoculating the stock seed bag into the cultivation bag after hyphae fully grow out of the stock seed bag, and germinating the hyphae in the cultivation bag; (3) preparing a culture material: establishing a fermentation pile, paving materials in the fermentation pile, and fermenting, wherein the culture materials are dark brown, have no acid odor, and are soft in texture; (4) sowing: paving the culture materials on the bedstead, and dibbling the culture materials in layers; (5) management: performing spawn running period management and fruiting management; (6) harvesting and tide-changing management. The method for cultivating the stropharia rugoso-annulata solves the problems of small hypha quantity, low yield, low commodity mushroom rate and the like in a greenhouse wild cultivation mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a method for cultivating edible fungi, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating and planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in an industrial manner.
Background
Stropharia rugoso-annulata Farlow (Stropharia rugoso-annulata), also called Fritillaria rugoso-annulata, Fritillaria vinifera, Fritillaria pellucida, Pseudoblack panobia pellucida, which belong to the genera Basidiomycota (Basidomyces) Basidiomycota, Hymenomycetes (Hymenomycetes), Agaricales (Agaricales), Strophariaceae (Strophariaceae), Stropharia (Stropharia). The stropharia rugoso-annulata is rich in nutrition and fresh and tender in taste, is one of famous edible fungi cultivated by manpower, is also one of edible fungi recommended to developing countries by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United nations, is wide in exchange on the market of the edible fungi, and the cultivation range and the cultivation scale are increased year by year.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention relates to a method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata, which utilizes agricultural crop leftovers to realize industrial planting of the stropharia rugoso-annulata, simultaneously realizes high-efficiency circulation of agricultural byproducts, obtains higher economic value, and can return the cultivated compost to the field and has the functions of water retention and fertilizer storage.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata, which comprises the following steps:
(1) activating the parent strain: inoculating stropharia rugoso-annulata strains on a slant culture medium, and keeping the slant full of mycelia for later use;
(2) preparing cultivars: manufacturing a cultivation bag, inoculating the mother seeds obtained in the step (1) into the stock seed bag in an aseptic operation, culturing at 20-26 ℃, inoculating hypha into the cultivation bag after the hypha is full of the stock strain bag, and germinating the hypha in the cultivation bag;
(3) preparing a culture material: establishing a fermentation pile, paving materials in the fermentation pile, and fermenting, wherein the culture materials are dark brown, have no acid odor, and are soft in texture;
(4) sowing: laying the compost obtained in the step (3) on a bedstead, and dibbling the compost in layers;
(5) management: performing spawn running period management and fruiting management;
(6) harvesting and tide-changing management.
In the step (1), the slant culture medium comprises 150-200 g of potatoes, 10-20 g of cane sugar, 15-20 g/L of agar, 2-3 g/L of peptone, 1-2 g/L of yeast extract, and 5-10 g/L of corn flour2PO43～4g/L，MgSO42-3 g/L, and natural pH.
In the step (2), the raw material comprises the following components: wheat, wood chips, sugar and gypsum, wherein the water content is 65-70%; the components of the cultivation material comprise: sawdust and bran with the water content of 60-70%.
Preferably, the cultivation material and the stock material of the cultivation bag are controlled in a material-water ratio of l: 1.3, polypropylene plastic bags of 17cm × 36cm × 0.005.005 cm are used, each bag is filled with 0.6-0.8kg, the tightness of the filled bags is moderate, the filled bags are punched by a wooden stick with a 20mm diameter and one sharpened end, then plastic lantern rings and air-permeable edible fungus covers are sleeved, sterilization is carried out under the pressure of 0.13MPa for 2 hours during autoclaving, the mother seeds or the stock seeds are inoculated by aseptic operation after cooling, the mother seeds or the stock seeds are cultured under the condition of 20-26 ℃, and hypha is used after the fungus bags are filled with hypha.
Inoculating 1.5-2 cm of stropharia rugoso-annulata strain cultured by inclined plane to the original seed bag2. After the hypha of the original strain bag grows for 15-25 days, the hypha is inoculated into the cultivation bag after the hypha grows full, each bag of inoculated strains is inoculated with the strain in blocks as much as possible, the finely-divided strains are reduced to accelerate germination, the hypha covers the material surface as soon as possible, the pollution is reduced to the maximum extent, and the spawn running success rate is improved.
The raw material comprises, by mass, 55-60% of wheat, 35-40% of sawdust, 1-2% of sugar and 2-3% of gypsum; the cultivation material comprises 70-80% of sawdust and 20-30% of bran by mass.
In the step (3), the establishment of the fermentation pile comprises the following steps:
(1a) selecting fresh and mildew-free straws, rice straws, wheat straws, corn straws and other straws, crushing, immersing the straws in 0.2 percent of limewater for soaking, and draining water after the soaking with clean water;
(1b) and (3) building a fermentation pile, keeping for 24-36h when the temperature in the pile reaches 55-60 ℃, turning the pile, punching air holes after the pile is built again, keeping for 24h when the temperature of the material rises to 55-60 ℃ again, and turning the pile once again.
Preferably, in the step (3), a fermentation pile with the bottom width of 1-2.5 m, the top width of 0.8-1.5 m, the height of 1-2 m and the proper length is built, a small pile is built when the temperature is higher, a large pile is built when the temperature is lower and difficult to rise, and the surface can be covered with a plastic film.
In the step (4), the layered video-on-demand method comprises the following steps:
(2a) paving a nylon breathable mesh bag at the bottom of the bedstead, paving 8-10cm of culture material, breaking the grown stropharia rugoso-annulata cultivation fungus bag into broad bean-sized fungus blocks after removing outer skin plastic bags, and dividing the broad bean-sized fungus blocks into 0.8-1 kg/m2The dosage of the seed is that the seed is dibbled in a quincunx shape, and the sowing depth is 4-5 cm;
(2b) laying 10-12 cm of culture material on the middle layer, sowing a layer of strain, and laying 4-5 cm of culture material on the upper layer;
(2c) and (3) compacting the material bed, vertically punching holes from the material surface to the material bottom by using a wood bar with the diameter of 3-4 cm, wherein the hole distance is about 10-15cm, and covering a layer of pre-wet straw mat on the surface for heat preservation and moisture preservation.
In the step (5), the spawn running period management comprises the following steps: and (4) keeping in a dark environment, removing the straw mat after 7-10 days, covering soil, and gradually filling hypha for 20-25 days.
In the step (5), the spawn running management comprises the following steps: the temperature of the mushroom growing room is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 70-80%, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is controlled to be lower than 1200 ppm.
Preferably, in the spawn running management, the covering soil is loam or clay loam which is free of weeds and stones, has a granular structure, good permeability, strong moisture retention and is free of diseases and insects, and the thickness of the covering soil is 3-5 cm. And (5) after 20-25 days, the hyphae can gradually overgrow, and the temperature and humidity of the environment are paid attention to and the ventilation is kept.
Spraying water to the mushroom bed when white fungus buds appear on the surface of a soil layer after hyphae fully grow, keeping the relative humidity of air at 80-95%, increasing ventilation, controlling the closure degree of 50-80%, controlling the temperature at 10-25 ℃, spraying atomized heavy water to the mushroom bed after the hyphae on the soil layer are lodged, keeping the humidity of the air at 80-90%, enabling a large amount of fruiting bodies to come out of soil after 5-7 days, and harvesting when the mushroom bodies grow to 5cm high.
In the step (6), the harvesting and tide-changing management comprises the following steps: filling the hole left on the fungus bed with soil after harvesting; and (3) taking stropharia rugoso-annulata fruiting for 15-20 days as a first tide of stropharia rugoso-annulata, stopping water for culturing fungi for 3-5 days after mushroom picking, spraying water to the cultivation bed surface, keeping the air humidity at 80-85%, and carrying out fruiting in a second tide of stropharia rugoso-annulata 7-10 days later, and after the first tide is finished, repeating the method in the step (5) for management.
Has the advantages that: (1) the method uses the factory mushroom bed for cultivation and planting, solves the problem of uncontrollable land-bed cultivation through operations such as culture material fermentation and the like, and has the advantages of fast germination of stropharia rugosoannulata hyphae, regular fruiting and high commodity rate. (2) The invention utilizes the wastes and leftovers after the agricultural production, can realize the industrialized cultivation all the year round, improves the production efficiency, has no chemical and drug use in the whole cultivation process, and is green and environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
Example 1: the method for cultivating and planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in an industrial way comprises the following steps:
step (1): preparation of mother culture medium (test tube slant culture medium) for stropharia rugoso-annulata: each liter of culture medium comprises: 200g of potato, 20g of cane sugar, 20g of agar, 3g of peptone, 2g of yeast extract, 10g of corn flour and KH2PO43g，MgSO42g, adding water to dissolve the mixture to 1000m L, keeping the pH natural, sterilizing the prepared culture medium, cooling the culture medium, placing the culture medium in an ultra-clean workbench, inoculating the stropharia rugoso-annulata strain to a slant culture medium, carrying out slant culture, carrying out dark culture on the slant culture medium at the temperature of about 20 ℃ (20 +/-2 ℃) for 7 days, and waiting until the slant is full of mycelia.
Step (2): preparing stock seeds and cultivated seeds:
the original bag and cultivation bag are made of 17cm × 36cm × 0.005.005 cm polypropylene plastic bags, each bag is 0.8kg, the tightness of the bag is moderate, the bag for filling is perforated by a wooden stick with 20mm diameter and one sharpened end, then a plastic lantern ring and a breathable edible fungus cover are sleeved, and the bag is sterilized for 2h under the pressure of 0.13MPa during autoclaving.
The raw material in the raw material bag is controlled to have a material-water ratio of l: 1.3 (the water content is 65-70%), the formula of the original seed bag is as follows: 60% of wheat, 36% of wood chips, 2% of sugar and 2% of gypsum; the formula of the cultivation bag is as follows: 80% of sawdust, 20% of bran and 60% of water content.
Inoculating 1.5-2 cm of stropharia rugoso-annulata strain cultured by inclined plane to the original seed bag2. Raw bagAnd after the hyphae grow for 20 days, the hyphae are inoculated into the cultivation bags after the hyphae grow full, the inoculated strains in each original seed bag are inoculated into the cultivation bags in blocks as much as possible, the finely-crushed strains are reduced to accelerate germination, the hyphae cover the material surface as soon as possible, the pollution is reduced to the maximum extent, and the spawn running success rate is improved.
And (3): selecting fresh straw without mildew, straw, wheat straw, corn straw and other straws, crushing the straw into 8-10cm, crushing the straw into 1-2 cm, soaking the straw into 0.2% lime water for 48h, washing with clean water, draining water, and adjusting the pH value to 7.5 by calcium superphosphate, wherein the straw is immersed in the 0.2% lime water (the content of the straw is 80%, the content of the wheat straw is 10% and the content of the corn straw is 10%).
And (4): the prepared fermentation material is built into a fermentation pile with the bottom length of 2m, the bottom width of 1m and the height of 1.5m, a small pile is built when the temperature is higher, a large pile is built when the temperature is lower and difficult to rise, and the surface can be covered with a plastic film.
And (5): and when the temperature of the pile reaches 55-60 ℃, keeping for 30h, turning the pile for the first time, building the pile again, punching air holes, when the temperature rises to 55-60 ℃ again, turning the pile for the second time, and checking that the culture material has no acid odor and is soft in texture.
And (6): the length of the bedstead is 2m, the width is 1.5m, the height is 10-15cm, a nylon breathable mesh bag is laid at the bottom, the thickness of the compost is 8-10cm, the stropharia rugoso-annulata cultivation fungus bag grown in the step (2) is broken into broad bean large and small fungus blocks after the outer skin plastic bag is removed, and the broad bean large and small fungus blocks are broken according to the proportion of 0.9kg/m2The dosage of the seed is the quincunx seed, and the seeding depth is 4-5 cm. Spreading 10-12 cm of the middle layer, sowing a layer of strain, pressing the material bed until the thickness of the upper layer is 4-5 cm, and vertically punching holes with the diameter of 4cm from the material surface to the material bottom, wherein the hole distance is about 12 cm.
And (7): the temperature of a fruiting room is controlled to be 23-25 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 70-80%, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is controlled to be lower than 1200ppm in the growth process of stropharia rugosoannulata mycelia. And 7-10 days later, covering soil, wherein loam or clay loam which is free of weeds, stones, aggregates, good in permeability, strong in moisture retention and free of diseases and insects is selected, and the thickness of the covered soil is 3-5 cm. After 20 days, the hyphae gradually overgrow (hypha full period is 20-25 days), and attention is paid to the temperature and humidity of the environment and the ventilation is kept.
And (8): after hyphae fully grow, spraying water to the mushroom bed at intervals of 15h when white fungus buds appear on the surface of a soil layer, keeping the relative humidity of air at 80-95% according to the principle of less spraying and frequent spraying, increasing ventilation, controlling the canopy density (shade density) at 65-70%, and controlling the temperature at 20 ℃. And spraying atomized heavy water to the fungus bed after hyphae on the soil layer are laid down, keeping the air humidity at 85-90%, enabling a large number of fruiting bodies to come out of the soil (the period is 5-7 days), and harvesting when the mushroom bodies grow to be 5cm high.
And (9): and (4) harvesting and moisture transferring management, wherein mushroom feet are grasped by fingers and slightly twisted during harvesting, the mushroom feet are pressed by the other hand after loosening, the base is upwards pulled, and holes left on the mushroom bed after harvesting are filled with soil. And (3) fruiting 17d (the growth period is 15-20 d, the average fruiting period investigated in the embodiment is 17d) of stropharia rugoso-annulata is a first tide of mushrooms, water is cut off to culture the mushrooms for 4d after the mushroom picking is finished, water is sprayed on the cultivation bed surface, the air humidity is kept at 80-85%, a second tide of mushrooms is fruiting after 8d (the period of the second fruiting is 7-10d, the average period of the second fruiting investigated in the embodiment is 8d), and after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, the management of the method is repeated, and 5-6 tides of mushrooms can be continuously generated.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating Stropharia rugoso-annulata is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) activating the parent strain: inoculating stropharia rugoso-annulata strains on a slant culture medium, and keeping the slant full of mycelia for later use;
(2) preparing cultivars: manufacturing a cultivation bag, inoculating the mother seeds obtained in the step (1) into the stock seed bag in an aseptic operation, culturing at 20-26 ℃, inoculating the stock seed bag into the cultivation bag after hyphae fully grow out of the stock seed bag, and germinating the hyphae in the cultivation bag;
(3) preparing a culture material: establishing a fermentation pile, paving materials in the fermentation pile, and fermenting, wherein the culture materials are dark brown, have no acid odor, and are soft in texture;
(4) sowing: laying the compost obtained in the step (3) on a bedstead, and dibbling the compost in layers;
(5) management: performing spawn running period management and fruiting management;
(6) harvesting and tide-changing management.
2. The method for cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata according to claim 1, wherein the slant culture medium in step (1) comprises potato 150-200 g, sucrose 10-20 g, agar 15-20 g/L, peptone 2-3 g/L, yeast extract 1-2 g/L, corn flour 5-10 g/L2PO43～4g/L，MgSO42-3 g/L, and natural pH.
3. The method for cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the raw material comprises the following components: wheat, wood chips, sugar and gypsum, wherein the water content is 65-70%; the components of the cultivation material comprise: sawdust and bran with the water content of 60-70%.
4. The method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 3, characterized in that the raw material comprises, by mass, 55-60% of wheat, 35-40% of wood chips, 1-2% of sugar and 2-3% of gypsum; the cultivation material comprises 70-80% of sawdust and 20-30% of bran by mass.
5. The method for cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the establishing of the fermentation heap comprises the steps of:
(1a) selecting fresh and mildew-free straws, rice straws, wheat straws, corn straws and other straws, crushing, immersing the straws in 0.2 percent of limewater for soaking, and draining water after the soaking with clean water;
(1b) and (3) building a fermentation pile, keeping for 24-36h when the temperature in the pile reaches 55-60 ℃, turning the pile, punching air holes after the pile is built again, keeping for 24h when the temperature of the material rises to 55-60 ℃ again, and turning the pile once again.
6. The method for cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the layered dibbling comprises the following steps:
(2a) paving a nylon breathable mesh bag at the bottom of the bedstead, paving 8-10cm of culture material, breaking the grown stropharia rugoso-annulata cultivation fungus bag into broad bean-sized fungus blocks after removing outer skin plastic bags, and dividing the broad bean-sized fungus blocks into 0.8-1 kg/m2The dosage of the seed is that the seed is dibbled in a quincunx shape, and the sowing depth is 4-5 cm;
(2b) laying 10-12 cm of culture material on the middle layer, sowing a layer of strain, and laying 4-5 cm of culture material on the upper layer;
(2c) and (3) compacting the material bed, vertically punching holes from the material surface to the material bottom by using a wood bar with the diameter of 3-4 cm, wherein the hole distance is about 10-15cm, and covering a layer of pre-wet straw mat on the surface for heat preservation and moisture preservation.
7. The method for cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the spawn running period is managed as follows: and (4) keeping in a dark environment, removing the straw mat after 7-10 days, covering soil, and gradually filling hypha for 20-25 days.
8. The method for cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata according to claim 7, wherein in the step (5), the spawn running management is: the temperature of the mushroom growing room is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 70-80%, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is controlled to be lower than 1200 ppm.
9. The method for cultivating Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 7, wherein after the hyphae are full, when white fungus buds appear on the surface of a soil layer, water is sprayed to a mushroom bed every day, the relative air humidity is kept at 80-95%, ventilation is increased, the canopy density is controlled at 50-80%, the temperature is controlled at 10-25 ℃, the hyphae on the soil layer are lodged, heavy atomized water is sprayed to the mushroom bed, the air humidity is kept at 80-90%, a large amount of fruiting bodies come out after 5-7 days, and the mushrooms are harvested when the mushroom bodies grow to 5cm high.
10. The method for cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata according to claim 9, wherein in the step (6), the harvesting and moisture transfer management comprises the steps of: filling the hole left on the fungus bed with soil after harvesting; and (3) taking stropharia rugoso-annulata fruiting for 15-20 days as a first tide of stropharia rugoso-annulata, stopping water for culturing fungi for 3-5 days after mushroom picking, spraying water to the cultivation bed surface, keeping the air humidity at 80-85%, and carrying out fruiting in a second tide of stropharia rugoso-annulata 7-10 days later, and after the first tide is finished, repeating the method in the step (5) for management.
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| CN112438159A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-05 | 玉林市博睿农牧科技有限公司 | Planting method of stropharia rugoso-annulata |
| CN112715272A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-30 | 贵州聚福菌农业发展有限公司 | Under-forest out-of-season cultivation method for stropharia rugoso-annulata |
| CN113099946A (en) * | 2021-03-06 | 2021-07-13 | 福贡九源农业发展有限责任公司 | Cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake |
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| CN115399191A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-11-29 | 三明市农业科学研究院 | Preparation method and industrialized cultivation method of stropharia rugoso-annulata cultivation material |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112715272A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-30 | 贵州聚福菌农业发展有限公司 | Under-forest out-of-season cultivation method for stropharia rugoso-annulata |
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| CN115399191A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-11-29 | 三明市农业科学研究院 | Preparation method and industrialized cultivation method of stropharia rugoso-annulata cultivation material |
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Application publication date: 20200714 |