Utilize Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers nutrient bag that edible fungi residue makes and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers cultivation field, be specifically related to a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers nutrient bag utilizing edible fungi residue to make
And preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers (Morchella spp.), also known as Gaster caprae seu Ovis dish, is under the jurisdiction of Ascomycetes Pezizale Morchellaceae Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers
Belong to, be a kind of famous and precious rare edible fungus.Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers is of high nutritive value, and rich in essential amino acid and granulose, price is held high
Expensive.Gather wild toadstool and cannot meet the demand of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers consumption market.
The artificial domesticating cultivation of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers was once global problem.In recent years, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers artificial cultivation technique obtains prominent
Broken, the form with nutrient bag (or claiming " conversion bag ", " nutrient pack ") that occurs in that soil in cultivation supplements organic nutrition
Method, significantly improve Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers cultivation effect.Such as, patent " a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers nutrition of publication number CN105237189A
The preparation of bag and cultural method " in provide a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers nutrient bag formula: miscellaneous trees 27.5%, Semen Tritici aestivi 41%, Semen Maydis
Powder 27%, Calx 4.5%.The patent of publication number CN105191667A " Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers nutrient formulation, nutrient bag and preparation method thereof with
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers cultural method " the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers nutrient bag formula that provides: 30-35 part rice husk, 30 parts of Semen Tritici aestivis, 25-33 part wood flour, 4-5 parts
Soil, 1-1.5 part mealy potato, 0.5-1 part Gypsum Fibrosum, 0.5-1 part Calx, 0.5-1 part plant ash, 0.3-0.6 part sodium butyrate, 0.2-
0.5 part of sodium chloride, 0.4-0.6 part magnesium sulfate, 0.2-0.4 part 6-benzyladenine, 0.1 part of gibberellins.Notification number
The nutrition that the patent " a kind of conversion bag promoting sclerotium of morchella esculenta to be formed and Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers cultural method " of CN105075668A provides
Bag composition of raw materials and preparation method be: takes dry wheat seed, soaks 48 hours with lime water that concentration is 1%, filters, abandon molten
Liquid, obtains the Semen Tritici aestivi after process;Wheat Species after treatment, adds and accounts for the dry wheat weight Gypsum Fibrosum than 1%, mix thoroughly, and pack is gone out
Bacterium, both may be used.Wherein, the weight of each nutrient bag is calculated as 0.35-0.5 kilogram with dry Semen Tritici aestivi.
The composition of raw materials of above-mentioned nutrient bag and the defect of preparation method are:
1) Semen Tritici aestivi, mealy potato, Semen Maydis powder etc. are as primary raw material, consume the grain of preciousness, also improve nutrient bag
Cost of material, and easily attract muroid in field and birds bite.
2) formula and preparation method are complicated, and part invention material expensive or collection are difficult to, such as publication number
Plant ash in the patent formulation of CN105191667A, 6-benzyladenine, gibberellins, the patent of publication number CN105237189A
In miscellaneous trees.
Therefore, redesigning formula and the preparation method of nutrient bag, using agricultural wastes instead is primary raw material, simplifies formula
And preparation method, it is achieved reduction is polluted, saves food, is reduced cost, the target of raising Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers yield, is urgently to be resolved hurrily asking
Topic.
Dreg is otherwise known as mushroom bran, is the edible fungi such as artificial culture Pleurotus ostreatus, JIGU, Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., Tremella, Ganoderma
The most remaining scoriform base material, usually contains raw material and the hypha of edible fungus of residual such as straw, wood flour, corn cob, cotton seed hulls,
The composition such as rich cellulose, hemicellulose, and these raw materials have already been through hypha of edible fungus decomposition utilize, some is
Become to be more easy to the form being absorbed and used through being eaten the enzyme decomposition and inversion of bacterium secretion.When dreg by specific bacteria further decompose send out
After ferment, more cellulose and hemicellulose are converted into the saccharide nutrient substance that quickly can be utilized by Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers.
Based on above-mentioned background, invention human desires provides a kind of new Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers nutrient bag and preparation method thereof, and first Application is eaten
By dreg remaining after bacteria cultivation as the primary raw material of nutrient bag, bacterial fermentation is used to promote the cellulose in dreg and half fibre
Dimension element changes into the saccharide easily utilized by Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers.Agricultural wastes twice laid can be realized, save food, reduce nutrient bag
Cost of material, improve Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers yield.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a kind of new Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers nutrient bag.Mainly it is improved by using eating
Bacterium dreg is primary raw material, uses the liquid culture of Chryseobacterium sp HT2 to soak dreg.
The preparation method of nutrient bag of the present invention, comprises the steps:
1) dreg is collected;
2) mixing dreg and the liquid culture of Chryseobacterium sp HT2,1:1.5-1:3 mixes (preferred volume ratio by volume
For 1:2);It is placed in open-top receptacle immersion;
3) filtering to obtain dreg, add the quick lime of 1-6% by weight percentage, rice husk or the Testa Tritici of 2-10% (preferably add
Enter the quick lime of 3-5%, the Testa Tritici of 10%), mix to obtain mixture, pack, sterilizing, thus obtaining the product nutrient bag.
Above-mentioned nutrient bag step 3) filter after remaining liquid culture can be repeatedly used for step 2) mix with dreg
Soak.
In technique scheme:
Step 1) described dreg refers to surplus after edible mushroom is gathered in the crops of organic materials used by artificial culture edible fungi
Excess.
Further, described edible fungi includes but not limited to Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing, JIGU, Tremella, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., Ganoderma;Preferably
Pleurotus ostreatus and JIGU.Used by artificial culture edible fungi, the major ingredient of organic materials includes straw, wood flour, cotton seed hulls, corn cob, bagasse
In any one or a few, major ingredient weight accounts for the gross weight of dreg than about 90-99%.Have used by typical edible fungus culturing
Machine materials stock contains the straw of (by weight percentage) 20-95%, the wood flour of 20%-40%, the Semen Gossypii of 10-60%
Shell, the corn cob of 20-40%.After edible fungus culturing, in culturing raw material, growth has a large amount of hypha of edible fungus, simultaneously part battalion
Support the utilization that is decomposed, become dreg.Described straw include but not limited to from Semen Tritici aestivi, Oryza sativa L., Semen Maydis, Brassica campestris L, Cotton Gossypii, Semen sojae atricolor,
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, the stem of Radix Ipomoeae and leaf, and corn cob, bagasse;Straw is preferred from Semen Maydis and Brassica campestris L.
In technique scheme:
Step 2) described Chryseobacterium sp HT2, be Inst. of Soil Fertilizer, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Science separate and possess one
Strain Chryseobacterium new strains.This bacterial strain is Chryseobacterium sp (Chryseobacterium sp.), numbering HT2, this bacterial strain in
On June 24th, 2016 is preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center (CGMCC), deposit number
For CGMCC No.12649.Preservation address: Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City 3 Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica,
Postcode 100101.
The 16S rRNA gene order of Chryseobacterium sp HT2 bacterial strain meets the 16S rRNA of Genbank searching number KX101126
Gene order, has the activity of stronger decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose.
Step 2) living bacteria count of described liquid culture is more than or equal to 5,000,000 every milliliter.
Step 2) be placed in open-top receptacle immersion time according to ambient temperature, different soak times is set.Control ambient temperature
It is not less than 15 DEG C.
(1) ambient temperature is soaked 0.5-1 days more than or equal to 25 DEG C;
(2) ambient temperature 20-24 DEG C is soaked 1-2 days;
(3) environment 15-19 DEG C soaks 3-4 days.
If meeting winter or ambient temperature being too low, need to guarantee that temperature is not less than 15 DEG C, as by real in modes such as indoor temperature controls
Existing.
In technique scheme:
Step 3) described pack refers to load in bag mixture consolidation.
Step 3) bag material of described pack is polyethylene or polypropylene;
Step 3) described sterilizing is the bag material of pack when using polyethylene, 100 DEG C of atmospheric steam sterilizings 18-24 hour
(preferably 100 DEG C atmospheric steam sterilizing 20 hours).
Step 3) described sterilizing is the bag material of pack when using polypropylene, 121 DEG C of sterilizings 1.5-2.5 hour (121 DEG C
For high-pressure sterilizing pot fixed temperature, non-adjustable, preferably 121 DEG C sterilizings 2 hours).
Step 3) described pack, every bag 0.4-0.8 kilogram.
The key improvements of the inventive method is: change the making raw material of nutrient bag, remaining after using edible fungus culturing
Dreg, instead of traditional wheat berry and rice husk, decompose dreg with Chryseobacterium sp HT2 fermentation, make cellulose in dreg and
Change into the saccharide easily utilized by Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers hemicellulose fraction;Make use of agricultural wastes, reduce cost, decrease dirt
Dye, improves Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers yield.
Detailed description of the invention
The detailed description of the invention of form by the following examples, remakes the most specifically the foregoing of the present invention
Bright, illustrate but be not intended to the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Preparation: place: Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, in Inst. of Soil Fertilizer, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Science
Time: on October 9th, 2015 starts
By the liquid culture of Pleurotus ostreatus dreg Yu Chryseobacterium sp HT2,1:2 mixing, is placed in 5 meters * 3 meters * 0.5 meter by volume
Pond in soak 2 days.Chryseobacterium sp HT2 living bacteria count 5,500,000 every milliliter.Filter to obtain dreg, add by weight percentage
Entering the quick lime of 5%, the Testa Tritici of 10%, mix to obtain mixture, consolidation ground loads in Polypropylene Bag, 0.6 kilogram every bag, 121 degree
Sterilizing 2 hours, obtains nutrient bag.
Cultivation:
1. place: Jianyang City of Sichuan Province sheep Ma Zhen, was once used as vegetable fields, and soil property is alluvial soil.
2. sowing before prepare: is applied fertilizer in farmland to be planted, smooth, loosen the soil.
3. the sowing time is in late October, 2015.Take Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers cultigen strain, sowing, every square metre of sowing strain
750ml.Wherein strain is the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers 1 of Jin Di mushroom Co., Ltd of Sichuan Province.Described sowing uses short case ridge culture, double
The method of ditch drilling, ridge height 15cm, row spacing 80cm.Furrow width 60cm between ridge.
4. sowing started moisturizing after the 3rd day, remained upper soll layer 3cm water content 50-70%.
5. after earth's surface forms a large amount of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. Mycelium 25 days, place nutrient bag prepared by the present embodiment.Place front nail
Plate makes a call to 4 row's apertures, often 10 apertures of row, each hole diameter 3mm in the one side of nutrient bag.Place 2000 nutrient bags for every mu,
Every horizontal 2 bags of ridge, longitudinally spaced 35cm.Aperture is put down.Building sunshade subsequently, canopy is high 3 meters, institute's covered with sunshade net printing opacity
Rate 5%.
6., when cultivation Second Year temperature rises to more than 12 DEG C, mushroom is urged in spraying moisturizing, and in making booth, air humidity is maintained at 60-
90% scope, the water content of upper soll layer 1-3cm is maintained at 50-70% scope, and after fruiting, in booth, temperature maintains 8-20 DEG C
Between, until end of gathering.
7. gather: when Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is ripe, and cap length reaches 3-6cm, when color is transferred to brown by Dark grey, both
Can pluck.With the most crosscutting disconnected stem of blade, sporophore is put down gently and gathers in container.
Embodiment 2:
Preparation: place: Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, in Inst. of Soil Fertilizer, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Science
Time: on October 20th, 2015 starts
By the liquid culture of JIGU dreg Yu Chryseobacterium sp HT2,1:2 mixing, is placed in 5 meters * 3 meters * 0.5 meter by volume
Pond in soak 2 days.Chryseobacterium sp HT2 living bacteria count 5,700,000 every milliliter.Filter to obtain dreg, add by weight percentage
Entering the quick lime of 5%, the rice husk of 10%, mix to obtain mixture, consolidation ground loads in Polypropylene Bag, 0.8 kilogram every bag, 100 degree
Sterilizing 20 hours, obtains nutrient bag.
Cultivation:
1. place: Samsung town, Shuangliu County, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, Fructus actinidiae chinensis sylvan life, soil property is purple soil.
2. prepare before sowing: is loosened the soil in earth's surface, fertilising.Applying fertilizer is fertilizer:
3. the sowing time is at the beginning of 2015 11 months.Take Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers cultigen strain, sowing, every square metre of sowing strain
750ml.Wherein strain is the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers 1 of Jin Di mushroom Co., Ltd of Sichuan Province.Described sowing uses high case ridge culture, double
The method of ditch drilling, ridge height 30cm, row spacing 100cm.Furrow width 30cm between ridge.
4. sowing started moisturizing after the 3rd day, remained upper soll layer 3cm water content 50-70%.
5. after earth's surface forms a large amount of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. Mycelium 25 days, place nutrient bag prepared by the present embodiment.Place front nail
Plate makes a call to 4 row's apertures, often 10 apertures of row, each hole diameter 3mm in the one side of nutrient bag.Place 2000 nutrient bags for every mu,
Every horizontal 2 bags of ridge, longitudinally spaced 35cm.Aperture is put down.Building sunshade subsequently, canopy is high 3 meters, institute's covered with sunshade net printing opacity
Rate 5%.
6., when cultivation Second Year temperature rises to 10-12 DEG C, mushroom is urged in spraying moisturizing, makes air humidity 60-90% in booth, soil
Water content 50-70% of earth top layer 1-3cm, after fruiting, in booth, temperature maintains between 8-20 DEG C, until end of gathering.
7. gather: when Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is ripe, and cap length reaches 3-6cm, when color is transferred to brown by Dark grey, both
Can pluck.With the most crosscutting disconnected stem of blade, sporophore is put down gently and gathers in container.
Reference examples:
Cultivate place equally in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, use publication number CN105237189A, CN105191667A
The nutrient bag and the cultivation method for matching thereof that there is provided with the patent of CN105075668A are cultivated.
Scheme implementation result
The cost per mu of the different patent nutrient bag of table 1 puts into (unit: yuan)
Remarks: cost per mu puts into containing cost of material and the human cost of making nutrient bag.
Table 2 uses the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers per mu yield (unit: kg every mu, weight is dry weight) of different patent nutrient bag
Result above shows, uses nutrient bag formula and the preparation method of present invention offer, can save every mu at nutrient bag
On cost put into, and the yield of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers can be significantly improved, substituted old nutrient bag formula and the value of preparation method,
It is worth of widely use.