CN113367020B - Rejuvenation culture method for aged and endangered ancient tea trees - Google Patents
Rejuvenation culture method for aged and endangered ancient tea trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN113367020B CN113367020B CN202110784030.6A CN202110784030A CN113367020B CN 113367020 B CN113367020 B CN 113367020B CN 202110784030 A CN202110784030 A CN 202110784030A CN 113367020 B CN113367020 B CN 113367020B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of planting, and mainly relates to a rejuvenation culture method for ancient tea trees. A rejuvenation culture method for aged and endangered ancient tea trees comprises the following steps: preparing rejuvenated ancient tea trees capable of forming tea seeds, selecting tea seeds of kindred tea tree varieties, cultivating the tea seeds in a container, classifying the ancient tea trees to be rejuvenated, classifying bud mutation varieties and whole variation varieties, performing classification treatment, wherein firstly, the ancient tea trees belong to the bud mutation varieties, only part of branches of the tea trees undergo bud mutation, marking the marked bud mutation branches, and classifying and marking non-bud mutation branches; the ancient tea trees belong to whole variation varieties, and branches are classified and marked according to weak branches, medium strong branches and strong branches; therefore, the tree vigor of the aged and endangered tea trees is gradually recovered, the nutrition supply is improved, and the whole vitality of the trees is increased on the premise of enhancing the tree vigor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of planting, and mainly relates to a rejuvenation culture method for ancient tea trees.
Background
The tea plant germplasm resource is an indispensable important material for the seed selection of improved varieties of tea plants and theoretical research, and new germplasm support is needed for the development of new products such as black tea development and white tea development, so the germplasm resource is the basis for the transformation and upgrading of the tea industry, particularly the development of new products. Meanwhile, a large amount of local characteristic germplasm resources are needed for breeding and scientific research. Many excellent tea varieties come from the bud mutation of ancient tea trees, such as 'Anji white tea', 'Huiming white tea', 'Jinyun yellow tea' and 'Ziju', but the specific bud mutation tea varieties generally grow in poor ecological environment and weak growth vigor, are single plants generally, are in an endangered extinction state, can not be transplanted basically, and are difficult to manage. The traditional mode generally adopts the steps of removing weeds and shrubs around old and endangered ancient tea trees, and manually applying a certain amount of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer and the like, wherein the old tea trees grow slightly better in a short period than in a previous period, but the long-term effect is poor, because the old tea trees which are aged and endangered are basically in an aging state due to physiological and biological characteristics, the overground and underground root systems are weak, the ancient tea trees are cleared from the garden, the fertilizer application is easy to damage the weak root systems, and the effect is not obvious.
The design relates to a rejuvenation culture method for aged and endangered ancient tea trees, which is beneficial to storing, rejuvenating the ancient tea trees with rareness, specificity and weak tree vigor, is beneficial to storing germplasm resources of the ancient tea trees, and provides and expands high-quality female parent resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the traditional technology and provide a method for gradually culturing the growth vigor of the tree bodies of aging, endangered and specific tea trees by firstly connecting nutrient source single plants to provide certain nutrient substances, classifying the tea branches with different growth vigor by classifying varieties of ancient tea trees, classifying the tea branches according to weak branches, medium strong branches and strong branches, and updating the tea branches in batches.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a rejuvenation culture method for aged and endangered ancient tea trees.
A rejuvenation culture method for aged and endangered ancient tea trees comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a rejuvenation ancient tea tree capable of forming tea seeds, selecting tea seeds of a kindred tea tree variety, cultivating the tea seeds in a container, classifying the ancient tea tree to be rejuvenated, wherein the ancient tea tree belongs to an integral variant variety, and branches are classified and marked according to weak branches, medium strong branches and strong branches;
step two: transplanting a nutrient source single plant cultured for 2 years to the side of the whole variety of ancient tea trees, leaning the nutrient source single plant on the position 8-12 cm away from the ground of the trunk of the ancient tea trees in 5-6 months in the first year, trimming off 2/3 of marked weak branches in 9-10 months, and not processing other branches; pruning the marked medium-strong branches for 3/5 in 5-6 months in the next year, and then inarching a single plant of a nutrient source in 7-8 months; in the third year, in 9-10 months, 1/2 of the marked strong branches are trimmed;
step three: secondly, a nutrition source single plant is connected in a leaning mode to provide exogenous nutrition supplement, the aged and endangered ancient tea trees are enhanced, aged branches are updated in a stepped mode, the underground root systems of the ancient tea trees are gradually and naturally updated along with the restoration of the ground tree vigor of the ancient tea trees, and the aged and endangered ancient tea trees are basically rejuvenated;
step four: when aged or endangered ancient tea trees are treated in the second step and the third step, the tree vigor is gradually rejuvenated, the ancient tea trees grow excessively, one single plant of the nutrient source can be cut off, and 1 single plant of the nutrient source is reserved; the ancient tea trees grow moderately, and 2 nutrition source single plants can be kept all the time; and then cleaning weeds and shrubs around the ancient tea trees, recovering the tree vigor of the aged and endangered ancient tea trees, and collecting branches and ears in batches for propagation.
Preferably, the step two nutrient source single plant is cultured as follows: pre-rejuvenating ancient tea trees, performing flowering and seed setting, selecting varieties which are similar to the physiological, ecological and biological characteristics of the ancient tea trees, processing tea tree seeds according to a normal tea tree seed sowing method, digging vegetable garden soil around the ancient tea trees within a range that the roots of the ancient tea trees are not damaged, adding organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer properly, then filling uniformly stirred nutrient soil into a container, finally culturing the tea tree seeds in the container for 1 year, and selecting an anti-aging black plastic container which is 30 cm high, 50 cm in diameter and provided with a water drainage hole at the bottom.
Preferably, the second-order branches of tea trees belong to the whole variant and are divided into a first branch, a second branch, a third branch, a fourth branch, a fifth branch, a sixth branch, a seventh branch, an eighth branch, a ninth branch and a tenth branch, wherein the weak branches are the first branch, the third branch, the sixth branch, the seventh branch and the tenth branch, the medium strong branches are the fourth branch, the fifth branch and the ninth branch, and the strong branches are the second branch and the eighth branch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: by the method, the strong branches are driven to grow in the early stage, the weak branches are trimmed in the early stage, the number of the sprouts of the tea trees is obviously increased, the strong branches are trimmed in the middle stage, and the nutrient source single plants are additionally placed at the same time, so that the length of the branch tips is increased, the growth of the new long leaves at the branch tips is not limited, the length of the branch tips and the average number of the new long leaves at the branch tips are improved, the tree vigor of the aged and endangered tea trees is gradually recovered, the nutrient supply is improved, and the whole vitality of the trees is increased on the premise of enhancing the tree vigor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a single plant of nutritional origin 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention of single plant 4 with 2 nutritional sources.
In the figure: the tree pruning and pruning method comprises the following steps of 1 weak branch, 2 medium strong branch, 3 strong branch, 4 nutrient source single plant, 5 inarching point, 1-1 first branch, 3-1 second branch, 1-2 third branch, 2-1 fourth branch, 2-2 fifth branch, 1-3 sixth branch, 1-4 seventh branch, 3-2 eighth branch, 2-3 ninth branch and 1-5 tenth branch.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A rejuvenation culture method for aged and endangered ancient tea trees comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: cultivating a nutrition source single plant, preparing rejuvenated ancient tea trees capable of forming tea seeds, selecting tea seeds of kindred tea tree varieties, cultivating the tea seeds in a container, classifying the ancient tea trees to be rejuvenated, classifying bud mutation varieties, classifying the bud mutation varieties, firstly, the ancient tea trees belong to the bud mutation varieties, only part of tea tree branches are bud mutated, marking the marked bud mutation branches, and classifying and marking non-bud mutation branches; the ancient tea trees belong to whole variation varieties, and branches are classified and marked according to weak branches 1, medium strong branches 2 and strong branches 3;
step two: transplanting a nutrient source single plant 4 cultured for 2 years to the side of the whole variety ancient tea tree, leaning the nutrient source single plant 4 against the position 8-12 cm away from the ground of the trunk of the ancient tea tree in the first 5-6 months, trimming off 2/3 of marked weak branches 1 in 9-10 months, and not processing other branches; pruning the marked medium strong branches 2 for 3/5 in 5-6 months in the second year, and pruning 5 single plants of the nutrient source in the inarching point for 7-8 months; in the third year, 9-10 months, pruning 1/2 of the marked branches of the strong tree 3; the individual plant 4 of the nutrient source was cultured as follows: pre-rejuvenating ancient tea trees to bloom and seed, selecting varieties close to the physiological, ecological and biological characteristics of the ancient tea trees, processing tea tree seeds according to a normal tea tree seed sowing method, digging vegetable garden soil around the ancient tea trees within the range of not damaging the root systems of the ancient tea trees, properly adding organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, then filling the uniformly stirred nutrient soil into a container, finally culturing the tea tree seeds in the container for 1 year, wherein the container is a gardening container which is selected from an anti-aging black plastic container and has the height of 30 cm, the diameter of 50 cm and a water drainage hole at the bottom.
Step three: two sides of the second step are close to the joint point 5 nutrition source single plants 4, so that exogenous nutrition supplement is provided, aged and endangered ancient tea trees are enhanced, aged branches are updated in a stepped mode, underground root systems of the ancient tea trees are gradually and naturally updated along with the restoration of the ground tree vigor of the ancient tea trees, and the aged and endangered ancient tea trees are basically rejuvenated;
step four: when aged and endangered ancient tea trees are treated in the second step and the third step, the tree vigor is gradually rejuvenated, the nutrient source single plant 4 is determined to be reserved according to the growth vigor of the ancient tea trees, the ancient tea trees grow excessively prosperous, one nutrient source single plant 4 can be cut off, and 1 nutrient source single plant 4 is reserved; 2, the ancient tea trees grow in the middle, and 2 individual plants with nutrient sources can be kept for all the time, namely 4; and then cleaning weeds and shrubs around the ancient tea trees, recovering the tree vigor of the aged and endangered ancient tea trees, and collecting branches and ears in batches for propagation.
Example 2
The tea branch secondary branches of tea trees belong to whole variation varieties, and are divided into a first branch 1-1, a second branch 3-1, a third branch 1-2, a fourth branch 2-1, a fifth branch 2-2, a sixth branch 1-3, a seventh branch 1-4, an eighth branch 3-2, a ninth branch 2-3 and a tenth branch 1-5, wherein weak branches 1 are the first branch 1-1, the third branch 1-2, the sixth branch 1-3, the seventh branch 1-4 and the tenth branch 1-5, medium strong branches 2 are the fourth branch 2-1, the fifth branch 2-2 and the ninth branch 2-3, strong branches 3 are the second branch 3-1 and the eighth branch 3-2, and two thirds of the weak branches 1-1, the third branch 1-2, the sixth branch 1-3, the seventh branch 1-4 and the tenth branch 1-5 are cut at a length of 9-10 months each year; pruning the medium-strong branch 2, the fourth branch 2-1, the fifth branch 2-2 and the ninth branch 2-3 for three fifths in 5-6 months in the next year for 7-8 months, and culturing 5 single plants of the nutrient source 4 at the junction; in the third year for 9-10 months, the second branch 3-1 and the eighth branch 3-2 of the hadamard branch 3 are trimmed by half.
The nutrient substances of the tea trees are supplemented by the nutrient source list in the previous three years, the tea branches are updated in a stepped manner,
the physiological and biological characteristics of the ancient tea trees gradually enter a vigorous growth stage, rejuvenation post-treatment is carried out, aged and endangered ancient tea trees gradually complete aged branches, the tree bodies are updated, underground root systems are also updated, and the aged and endangered ancient tea trees are basically rejuvenated.
When the old and endangered ancient tea tree vigor is gradually rejuvenated, determining that a single nutrition source plant is reserved according to the growth vigor of the ancient tea tree, if the ancient tea tree grows excessively vigorously, cutting off one single nutrition source plant, and reserving 1 single nutrition source plant; if the ancient tea trees grow in a medium way, 2 single plants of the nutrient source can be kept all the time.
And then gradually clearing external factors influencing growth, such as weeds, shrubs and the like around the ancient tea trees, recovering tree vigor of the aged and endangered ancient tea trees, and collecting branches and ears in batches for propagation.
Test data:
the number of shoots, the length of the branch tips, and the new long leaves of the ancient tea tree treated by the technique of example 2 were counted in 3 rd year after the technical treatment as follows: by contrast, the aging and endangering conditions treated by the technique of example 2 are gradually restored in tree vigor, the number of shoots of the tea tree, the length of the branch tips and the average number of new long leaves at the branch tips all begin to grow greatly.
Table 1 differences in biological characteristics between example 2 and untreated ancient trees
After the treatment of 2 is implemented, 3 prophase strong branches are driven to grow, the prophase weak branches 1 are trimmed, the number of buds of the tea tree is obviously increased, 2 prophase strong branches are trimmed, and simultaneously, nutrition source single plants are additionally placed, the length of the branch tips can be increased, the growth of the new long leaves at the branch tips can not be limited, the length of the branch tips and the average number of the new long leaves at the branch tips are improved, the tree potential capability of aging and endangered tea trees is gradually restored, the nutrition supply is improved, and the integral vitality of the trees can be increased on the premise of enhancing the tree potential capability.
Claims (2)
1. A rejuvenation culture method for aged or endangered ancient tea trees is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing tea seeds of ancient tea trees to be rejuvenated or tea seeds of kindred tea tree varieties, cultivating the tea seeds in a container, classifying the ancient tea trees to be rejuvenated into two varieties, namely bud mutation varieties and whole variation varieties, performing classification treatment, selecting the ancient tea trees of the whole variation varieties to perform rejuvenation cultivation, and classifying and marking branches according to weak branches (1), medium strong branches (2) and strong branches (3);
step two: transplanting a nutrient source single plant cultured for 2 years to the side of the whole variety ancient tea tree, leaning the nutrient source single plant on the position 8-12 cm away from the ground of the trunk of the ancient tea tree in 5-6 months in the first year, trimming 2/3 of marked weak branches (1) in 9-10 months, and not processing other branches; pruning the marked medium strong branches (2) for 3/5 in 5-6 months in the second year, and inarching a nutrient source single plant (4) at an inarching point (5) in 7-8 months; in the third year for 9-10 months, 1/2 of the marked branches (3) are pruned;
step three: the two nutrition source single plants (4) of the inarching point (5) in the second step provide exogenous nutrition supplement for the ancient tea trees, the potential capability of the aged or endangered ancient tea trees is enhanced, aged branches are subjected to step-type updating, the underground root systems of the ancient tea trees are gradually and naturally updated along with the restoration of the ground potential of the ancient tea trees, and the aged or endangered ancient tea trees are basically rejuvenated;
step four: when the old and endangered ancient tea trees are treated in the second and third steps, the tree vigor is gradually rejuvenated, the ancient tea trees grow excessively, one nutrition source individual plant (4) is cut off, and 1 nutrition source individual plant (4) is reserved; the ancient tea trees grow in a medium way, and 2 individual plants (4) of the nutrition source are reserved all the time; and then weeds and shrubs around the ancient tea trees are cleaned, the aged and endangered ancient tea trees recover the tree vigor, and branches and ears are collected in batches for propagation.
2. The method for cultivating old and endangered ancient tea trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein said individual plant of vegetative origin (4) is cultivated as follows: pre-rejuvenating ancient tea trees, wherein flowers and seeds are grown, or a variety close to the physiological, ecological and biological characteristics of the ancient tea trees is selected, tea seeds of the ancient tea trees to be rejuvenated or tea seeds of a closely related tea tree variety are treated according to a normal tea tree seed sowing method, vegetable garden soil is dug around the ancient tea trees within the range of not damaging the root systems of the ancient tea trees, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are properly added, then the uniformly stirred nutrient soil is filled into a container, finally the tea seeds are sowed in the container for cultivation, the container is an anti-aging black plastic container, the height of the container is 30 cm, the diameter of the container is 50 cm, and a gardening container with drain holes at the bottom is selected.
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