CN113287486A

CN113287486A - Self-floating crop blanket and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113287486A
Application number: CN202110760261.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沈明星; 金梅娟; 沈园; 陆长婴
Original assignee: Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2021-07-06
Filing date: 2021-07-06
Publication date: 2021-08-24
Anticipated expiration: 2041-07-06
Also published as: CN113287486B

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-floating crop blanket and a preparation method thereof, wherein the self-floating crop blanket is formed by combining 1 or more self-floating crop blanket units, wherein 1 crop blanket is 1 independent unit, and the arrangement mode is set according to application places; the crop blanket comprises a self-floating material layer and seedlings, wherein the roots of the seedlings are coiled into a root layer in the self-floating material layer, and the coiled root layer is formed on the lower end surface of the self-floating substrate. The self-floating crop blanket has good buoyancy by adopting two modes of an inorganic self-floating matrix or a biological floating raft, gets rid of a frame type or panel type floating carrier of the traditional floating bed by changing the structure of the floating bed, solves a series of problems of complicated process, labor consumption for transplanting, time consumption for assembling, difficulty in water surface laying and the like caused by separation of a floating body and plants, has the advantages of simple preparation process, no assembling difficulty, reusability of floating body materials, economic benefit and the like, and can be used for water environment treatment such as aquaculture tail water purification, agricultural non-point source pollution control and the like.

Description

Self-floating crop blanket and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention also relates to a self-floating crop blanket and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of water environment treatment such as aquaculture tail water purification, agricultural non-point source pollution control and the like.

Background

The '2020 ecological environment gazette' shows that the national ecological environment quality is continuously improved and stabilized, but the improvement effect of the national ecological environment quality is not stable, the ecological environment is still too serious, especially in the aspect of water environment, the total pressure is still huge, the pollution load of nitrogen, phosphorus and COD is still beyond the bearing capacity of the water environment, and the 'private water' protection war is attack and hardness war, and is more durable war.

The ecological floating bed technology is one of the main water environment treatment technologies, has the advantages of being capable of purifying polluted water in situ, saving space and economic cost, creating habitat for aquatic animals and plants, rebuilding or recovering damaged ecological systems and ecological functions from the perspective of increasing the biological diversity of water, and having certain landscape functions, so that the ecological floating bed technology is frequently applied to treatment systems of wetland parks, industrial wastewater, rural sewage and the like in recent years.

However, the popularization and application of the current ecological floating bed technology still have great limitation,

firstly, the method comprises the following steps: the floating bed mainly shows that the prior floating bed mostly adopts polystyrene foam plastic boards or sealed hollow plastic pipes and lays frame type floating carriers such as plastic nets and the like, but the design of separating floating bodies from plants causes the problems of complex process, labor consumption for transplanting, time consumption for assembling, difficult water surface laying and the like which are difficult to overcome in the preparation and application processes. In addition, the characteristic that the floating material is easy to age and difficult to recycle and is usually disposable is contradictory to the requirement of water environment ecological management. In addition, limited plant transplantation and selection of floating bed plants are difficult to give consideration to ecological and landscape functions and economic benefits.

Secondly, the method comprises the following steps: the main component of the floatable material of the ecological floating bed is PE (polyethylene), wherein PE fragments defined as 'micro plastic' with the diameter less than 5mm enter vegetable fields or farmlands along with water after entering a water body, enter crops along with water flow and nutrient flow through a plant conduit under the action of transpiration pull force, and are transmitted through a food chain to threaten the health and safety of human beings; on the other hand, the food is easy to cause intestinal problems after being eaten by aquatic animals by mistake and even endangers life, thereby reducing the stability of an aquatic ecosystem and being not beneficial to water environment protection.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide a self-floating crop blanket, which solves the problems of high cost, high labor, difficult process and large-area popularization and application, large water body secondary pollution risk and the like caused by the limitation of floating materials such as frames, panels and the like in the existing ecological floating bed technology.

The technical scheme is as follows: a self-floating crop blanket comprises 1 or more self-floating crop blanket units, wherein 1 crop blanket is 1 independent unit, and the arrangement mode of the self-floating crop blanket is set according to the water surface of an application place; wherein, the crop blanket includes from superficial material layer and seedling, the root system of seedling coils the root system layer for in the material layer that floats to the root system layer is covered with from superficial material layer.

Further, foretell crop blanket from floating, the material layer from floating includes general matrix layer one and inorganic self-floating matrix, general matrix layer one sets up the upper strata at inorganic self-floating matrix, the seed setting of seedling is between general matrix layer one and inorganic self-floating matrix, the root system of seedling forms the root system layer between general matrix layer one and inorganic self-floating matrix to the root system layer is covered with whole general matrix layer one and inorganic self-floating matrix, and forms the disk knot root system layer on inorganic self-floating matrix lower extreme face.

Further, in the self-floating crop carpet, the inorganic self-floating substrate is prepared by mixing inorganic floating particles and a general substrate layer I, the inorganic floating particles can be made of inorganic self-floating materials with larger buoyancy, such as foam particles, ceramsite and the like, and the general substrate layer I can be made of a general culture substrate and a seedling substrate. The self-floating crop blanket changes the current situation that the traditional floating bed structure depends on a floating carrier, breaks the whole floating carrier inherent to the floating bed into parts, prepares the floating matrix with the functions of a plant growth medium and the floating carrier of the floating bed by using a miniaturized granular or blocky floating inorganic material and a general seedling raising matrix as materials, and enables the underground parts of plants to be tightly wound with each other and then be integrated with the floating matrix through the bottom and middle layer film-filling processes to form the crop blanket with the root layer embedded with the inorganic floating grains.

Further, the formula of the inorganic self-floating matrix is 20-60% of foam particles, 40-80% of general seedling culture matrix and 7-20L of water per cubic meter.

Furthermore, in the self-floating crop blanket, the environment-friendly non-woven fabric is arranged between the first universal substrate layer and the inorganic self-floating substrate, and the seeds of the seedlings are arranged between the first universal substrate layer and the environment-friendly non-woven fabric.

Further, in the self-floating crop blanket, the self-floating material layer comprises a biological floating material, a second universal matrix layer and a third universal matrix layer, the biological floating material, the second universal matrix layer and the third universal matrix layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the seeds of the seedlings are arranged between the second universal matrix layer and the third universal matrix layer, and the biological floating material is a plant body with high self-floating force and long self-floating time, such as triarrhena sacchariflora.

Furthermore, in the self-floating crop blanket, the biological floating materials are formed by sequentially arranging a group of triarrhena sacchariflora or other plant stems with large self-buoyancy and long self-floating time, the root systems of the seedlings are coiled among a group of triarrhena sacchariflora or other plant stems with large self-buoyancy and long self-floating time to form a root system layer, and the biological materials are treated by coating two layers at the joint ends by adopting waterproof coatings, wherein the waterproof coatings are polyacrylate.

Further, in the self-floating crop blanket, the second universal matrix layer and the third universal matrix layer adopt universal cultivation matrixes or seedling culture matrixes.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the self-floating crop blanket, which comprises the following steps:

s1, assembling and debugging the seedling raising seeder: assembling a frame, adjusting support screws to ensure that the longitudinal and transverse directions of a cross beam of the frame are horizontal, locking the support screws, then sequentially installing a motor, a watering device, a brush, a soil paving device, an earth covering device and a seeding device, and debugging after assembling the seedling raising seeder;

s2, sieving the universal matrix layer I: screening a universal substrate layer for seedling raising, wherein the universal substrate layer cannot be provided with sand and stones and metal impurities, the water content is not more than 20%, and the maximum diameter is not more than 5 mm;

s3, preparing a seedling raising tray: the seedling raising tray with the thickness of 280 mm multiplied by 580 mm is required to be free from damage and deformation;

s4, water receiving by the water spraying device: the water spraying device is connected with a tap or a water tank and other water sources, so that the normal operation of the water spraying device during the operation of the seedling raising seeder is ensured;

s5, adjusting the seed quantity: the seeding rate is adjusted by a control device of a rotating drum speed regulating motor, the seeding rate is that a root system is coiled on a self-floating material layer to form a root system layer, and the root system layer is preferably fully distributed with the self-floating material layer;

s6, preparation of the inorganic self-floating matrix: taking 20-60% of foam particles, 40-80% of universal matrix layer I and 7-20L of water per cube, mixing the inorganic self-floating matrix and the universal matrix layer I according to the volume ratio of the formula in the preparation process, adding 7-20L of water into the mixed matrix per cube, turning and throwing for 2-3 times to ensure that the floating matrix is uniform in texture, and can form a cluster when being held by hand and naturally disperse after being loosened;

s7, cutting a plastic film: cutting the plastic film into 58cm multiplied by 28cm according to the size of a seedling tray, cutting the plastic film according to the size of the seedling tray, and then flatly paving the cut plastic film in the seedling tray;

s8, cutting the environment-friendly non-woven fabric: cutting the environment-friendly non-woven fabric into 58cm multiplied by 28cm according to the size of the seedling raising tray. Spreading the cut environment-friendly non-woven fabric above the inorganic self-floating matrix, wherein the density of the environment-friendly non-woven fabric is not higher than 31.25g/m²；

After preparation work of S9 and S1-S7 is finished, a power supply is switched on, a main power switch of the seedling raising seeder is switched on, a motor switch and a watering switch on a motor box panel are switched on, the seeding machine can start to convey a seedling raising tray after the seeding machine starts to operate, a soil spreading box clutch, a seeding box speed regulator switch and a soil covering box clutch are respectively switched on after the seedling raising tray starts to convey, and the whole assembly line starts full-automatic seedling raising and seeding assembly line operation; wherein 1 worker is respectively arranged at the tail ends of the soil paving box, the sowing box, the soil covering box tray and the conveyer belt before the soil paving box, beside the soil paving box, after the soil paving is finished, for paving a bedding film, for supplementing a general matrix for bedding, for paving environment-friendly non-woven fabrics, for supplementing seeds capable of growing seedlings, for supplementing a general matrix for covering the seeds, and for timely conveying the well-made seedling tray to the open air or a sunlight greenhouse for seedling culture management;

s10, daily management: the seedling raising trays after seeding and earthing are stacked and placed for darkening treatment, after seedling emergence, the trays are placed and subjected to warm-light water and fertilizer management, the crop carpet is made into a standard that the underground parts of the plants are mutually wound and are integrated with a self-floating material layer, and the overground parts of the plants grow well.

s2, sieving the general matrix layer II and the general matrix layer III: screening a second universal substrate layer and a third universal substrate layer for seedling raising, wherein the universal substrate cannot be provided with sand and stones and metal impurities, the water content is not more than 20%, and the maximum diameter is not more than 5 mm;

s4, water receiving by the water spraying device: the watering device is connected with a tap or a water tank and other water sources, so that the normal operation of the watering device can be ensured when the seedling raising assembly line operates;

s5, adjusting the seed quantity: the seeding rate is adjusted mainly by a control device of a speed regulating motor of a rotary drum, and the seeding rate is suitable for forming a stable structure 'biological floating raft' by tightly winding biological floating materials on a root system;

s6, preparation of biological floating materials: preparing a biological floating material: cutting the stem of the biological floating material into a length of 57cm, performing polyacrylate coating two-layer waterproof treatment on the section end cut surface, and airing in a shade place for about 48 hours for later use;

s7, filling biological floating materials: filling biological floating materials into a seedling raising tray side by side, wherein the thickness of the biological floating materials is 2 cm;

s8, S1-S7 after the preparation work is finished, switching on a power supply, turning on a main power switch of the rice seedling raising seeder, turning on a motor switch and a watering switch on a motor box panel, starting to convey a seedling raising tray after the seeder starts to operate, respectively turning on a soil spreading box clutch, a seeding box speed regulator switch and a soil covering box clutch after the seedling raising tray starts to convey, and starting full-automatic seedling raising and seeding assembly line operation of the whole assembly line; wherein, 1 worker is arranged beside the soil spreading box, the sowing box, the soil covering box tray and the tail end of the conveyer belt for supplementing the general matrix for bedding, supplementing the seeds capable of growing seedlings, supplementing the general matrix for covering the seeds and timely conveying the well-made seedling trays to the open air or a sunlight greenhouse for seedling culture management;

s9, daily management: the seedling raising trays after seeding and earthing are stacked and placed for darkening treatment, after seedling emergence, the trays are placed and subjected to warm-light water and fertilizer management, and the crop blanket is made into a biological floating raft with a stable structure formed by tightly winding biological floating materials on roots, and meanwhile, overground parts of plants grow well.

The technical scheme shows that the invention has the following beneficial effects: the self-floating crop blanket gets rid of a frame type or panel type floating carrier of the traditional floating bed by changing the structure of the floating bed, simultaneously solves the series problems of complicated process, labor consumption for transplanting, time consumption for assembling, difficult water surface laying and the like caused by the separation of a floating body and a plant, has the advantages of simple preparation process, no assembling difficulty, reusability of floating body materials and economic benefit, and can be used for water environment treatment such as aquaculture tail water purification, agricultural non-point source pollution control and the like; the 'biological floating material' formed by winding the biological floating material by the plant root system replaces the PE floating material of the traditional floating bed, has the advantages of convenient recovery and strong resource utilization, and simultaneously has no micro-plastic transfer threatening the health and safety of human beings. The biological floating material in the crop blanket based on the biological floating material can provide an attachment space for microbial flora, thereby enhancing the denitrification capability of microorganisms in the system and greatly improving the nitrogen purification efficiency. The crop blanket can be subjected to daily management after being fully automatically manufactured by a crop seedling raising production line, and has the advantages of simple operation, convenient management, low maintenance cost and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a top view of a first embodiment of a self-floating crop blanket according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a seedling raising structure of a crop blanket according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a seedling stage of a crop blanket according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at B in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a water application of an embodiment of the crop blanket of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at C of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a bottom view of a first embodiment of a crop blanket according to the present invention;

fig. 9 is a top view of a second embodiment of the self-floating crop blanket of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a second breeding stage of an embodiment of a crop blanket according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at A in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a second seedling stage of a crop blanket according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at B in FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the growth stage of an embodiment of a crop blanket according to the present invention;

FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at C of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a bottom view of a second embodiment of a crop blanket according to the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a graph comparing the floating rate of an aqueous type waterproofing coating according to the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a graph comparing the floating rate of an emulsion-type waterproofing coating according to the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a graph showing the variation of water content per unit volume of triarrhena according to the present invention in different thickness of the waterproof coating;

FIG. 20 shows the foam escape rate of the blanket seedlings of self-floating rice in different ways of covering with the environment-friendly non-woven fabric;

fig. 21-23 are schematic diagrams of the application of the crop carpet of the present invention.

In the figure: the special seedling raising bed comprises a fence 1, a crop blanket 2, a self-floating material layer 21, a general substrate layer I211, an inorganic self-floating substrate 212, seedlings 22, a root system layer 23, an environment-friendly non-woven fabric 24, biological floating materials 25, a general substrate layer II 26, a general substrate layer III 27, a plastic film 100, a seedling raising tray 200 and plant seeds 300.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "a plurality" means two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

The first embodiment is as follows: self-floating rice blanket prepared by taking 0.5cm foam grains as inorganic floating grains

The self-floating crop blanket shown in FIGS. 1-8 and 9 can be prepared by using foam particles with diameter of 0.5cm as inorganic floating particles for self-floating matrix, the thickness of the inorganic self-floating matrix is 2cm, and the density of the environment-friendly non-woven fabric is less than or equal to 31.25g/m²The thickness of the universal substrate layer is 0.8 cm.

The formula of the inorganic self-floating matrix is 40% by volume of foam particles with the diameter of 0.5cm and 60% of general seedling culture matrix, and the preparation process comprises the steps of mixing the two materials according to the formula volume ratio, adding 15L of water, turning and throwing for 2-3 times to prepare the standard floating matrix with uniform texture, capable of being held by hands to form a cluster, and naturally dispersing after hands are loosened. The inorganic self-floating matrix can be prepared newly or can be prepared by using the stubble of a crop blanket, wherein the preparation of the regenerated floating matrix needs to firstly salvage and collect the crop blanket, measure the actual volume ratio of the floatable synthetic material to the matrix after fermentation, and then quantitatively adjust according to the formula of the floating matrix. The formulation test of the inorganic self-floating matrix is shown below.

In addition, the seeds of the seedlings are arranged between the first universal substrate layer 211 and the inorganic self-floating substrate 212; an environment-friendly non-woven fabric can be arranged between the first universal substrate layer 211 and the inorganic self-floating substrate 212, and seeds of the seedlings are positioned between the environment-friendly non-woven fabric and the first universal substrate layer 211. The inorganic floating material anti-escape test of the self-floating crop blanket is as follows.

The preparation of the self-floating crop blanket can be completed by manpower or a seedling raising seeder.

The preparation of the self-floating crop blanket can be manually finished, and comprises the following steps:

s1, cutting a plastic film: cutting the plastic film into 58cm multiplied by 28cm according to the size of a seedling tray;

s2, paving a base pad film: cutting a plastic film according to the size of the seedling raising tray and then spreading the plastic film in the seedling raising tray;

s3, preparation of the inorganic self-floating matrix (212): taking 20-60% of foam particles, 40-80% of universal matrix layer I (211) and 7-20L of water per cube in volume ratio, mixing the inorganic self-floating matrix (212) and the universal matrix layer I (211) according to the formula volume ratio in the preparation process, adding a proper amount of water into the mixed matrix of each cube, turning and polishing for 2-3 times to ensure that the floating matrix is uniform in texture, can form a cluster when held by a hand, and naturally disperses after the hand is loosened;

s4, filling an inorganic self-floating matrix (212): filling an inorganic self-floating matrix (212) into a seedling culture tray paved with a plastic film, wherein the thickness is 2 cm;

s5, cutting the environment-friendly non-woven fabric: cutting the environment-friendly non-woven fabric (24) into 58cm multiplied by 28cm according to the size of a seedling raising tray;

s6, arranging environment-friendly non-woven fabric (24): laying the cut environment-friendly non-woven fabric (24) on the inorganic self-floating matrix (212), wherein the density of the environment-friendly non-woven fabric (24) is not higher than 31.25g/m²；

S7, sowing: soaking seeds for accelerating germination and then uniformly sowing the seeds on an environment-friendly non-woven fabric (24), wherein the sowing density is preferably enough to pack;

s8, covering the seed matrix: uniformly covering the universal substrate layer I (211) above the plant seeds, wherein the thickness of the universal substrate layer I is about 0.5 cm-1.0 cm;

s9, daily management: the seedling raising trays after seeding and earthing are stacked and placed for darkening treatment, after seedling emergence, the trays are placed and subjected to warm-light water and fertilizer management, the crop carpet is made into a standard that the underground parts of the plants are mutually wound and are integrated with a self-floating material layer (21), and the overground parts of the plants grow well.

The preparation of the self-floating crop blanket can be completed by a seedling raising seeder, and comprises the following steps:

s1, assembling and debugging the seedling raising seeder: assembling a frame, adjusting support screws to ensure that the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of a frame cross beam are horizontal, locking the support screws, and then sequentially installing a motor, a water spraying device, a brush, a soil paving device, a soil covering device and a seeding device; debugging after assembling the seedling raising seeder;

s2, sieving the universal matrix layer I (211): screening a universal substrate layer I (211) for seedling raising, wherein the universal substrate cannot be provided with sand and stones and metal impurities, the water content is not more than 20%, and the maximum diameter is not more than 5 mm;

s5, adjusting the seed quantity: the seeding rate is adjusted by the control device of the rotary drum speed regulating motor, the seeding rate is formed by hanging root systems on the self-floating material layer as the root system layer, and the root system layer is preferably fully distributed on the self-floating material layer.

S6, preparation of the inorganic self-floating matrix (212): taking 20-60% of foam particles, 40-80% of universal matrix layer I (211) and 7-20L of water per cube in volume ratio, mixing the inorganic self-floating matrix (212) and the universal matrix layer I (211) according to the formula volume ratio in the preparation process, adding a proper amount of water into the mixed matrix of each cube, turning and polishing for 2-3 times to ensure that the floating matrix is uniform in texture, can form a cluster when held by a hand, and naturally disperses after the hand is loosened;

s7, cutting a plastic film: cutting the plastic film into 58cm multiplied by 28cm according to the size of a seedling tray, cutting the environment-friendly non-woven fabric: cutting the environment-friendly non-woven fabric (24) into 58cm multiplied by 28cm according to the size of a seedling raising tray;

after preparation work of S8 and S1-S7 is finished, a power supply is switched on, a main power switch of the seedling raising seeder is switched on, a motor switch and a watering switch on a motor box panel are switched on, the seeding machine can start to convey a seedling raising tray after the seeding machine starts to operate, a soil spreading box clutch, a seeding box speed regulator switch and a soil covering box clutch are respectively switched on after the seedling raising tray starts to convey, and the whole assembly line starts full-automatic seedling raising and seeding assembly line operation; wherein 1 worker is respectively arranged at the tail ends of the soil paving box, the sowing box, the soil covering box tray and the conveyer belt before the soil paving box, beside the soil paving box, after the soil paving is finished, for paving a bedding film, for supplementing a general matrix for bedding, for paving environment-friendly non-woven fabrics, for supplementing seeds capable of growing seedlings, for supplementing a general matrix for covering the seeds, and for timely conveying the well-made seedling tray to the open air or a sunlight greenhouse for seedling culture management;

s9, daily management: the seedling raising trays after seeding and earthing are stacked and placed for darkening treatment, after seedling emergence, the trays are placed and subjected to warm-light water and fertilizer management, the crop carpet is made into a standard that the underground parts of the plants are mutually wound and are integrated with a self-floating material layer (21), and the overground parts of the plants grow well. The seedlings 22 to be grown are not limited to rice seedlings, and are suitable for aquatic or terrestrial plant species growing in water, and can be used in both high plant growth capacity, large root biomass, beautiful shape and certain economic and landscape values.

Formulation testing of the inorganic self-floating matrix 212:

the floatable synthetic material and the general seedling raising matrix are mixed according to a certain volume ratio to form the self-floating matrix. The floatable synthetic material has low density, is easy to gather above the general seedling raising substrate, is not easy to form a self-floating substrate with uniform density, and is not beneficial to the stability of the self-floating carpet in the later period, so that the uniform density of the floatable synthetic material is ensured by adding a certain amount of water into the inorganic self-floating substrate. The water addition of the self-floating matrix at different volume ratios of the floatable synthetic material is shown in table 1, wherein the mass of the self-floating matrix in the table is 1 cubic meter of the inorganic self-floating matrix. The higher the volume ratio of the floatable synthetic material with the same particle size is, the lower the water adding amount for enabling the corresponding self-floating matrix to be uniform in texture is; the larger the particle size of the floatable synthetic material is, the smaller the amount of water added to the corresponding self-floating matrix is, the more uniform the texture of the floatable synthetic material is, at the same volume ratio of the floatable synthetic material.

TABLE 1 foam proportion of different particle size mixing water content (unit: L)

The floatable synthetic materials with different particle sizes and the universal seedling substrate can float on the water surface after being mixed according to different volume ratios, and the buoyancy state of each treatment is shown in table 2. The amount of the self-floating substrate in Table 2 is exemplified by the mass of the substrate of rice seedling trays of 58cm × 28cm unit specification, and the substrate of the substrate is generally 2cm thick.

TABLE 2 buoyancy of self-floating matrix at different particle size foam ratios

Note: "+" indicates that the mixing matrix is in a suspended state, and "+" indicates that the mixing matrix is in a floating state. All were in good condition.

The self-floating rice blanket seedling raising test is carried out by using self-floating matrixes of floatable synthetic materials with different volume ratios, and the suitable plant height, stem base width and seedling biomass can enhance the stability and wind wave resistance of the rice self-floating blanket, so that the test seedling is carried out on the rice blanket seedling, and the result shows that: the plant height is T2 & gtT 3 & gtT 4 & gtT 1 & gtT 5 and the stem base width is T2 & gtT 4 & gtT 1 & gtT 5 & gtT 3 under different treatments. The number of seedlings under different treatments has no obvious difference from the dry weight average of the ground and underground parts. The high plant height and the large stem base width in the packing period can enhance the stability of the rice self-floating blanket.

TABLE 3 volume ratio of foam to substrate for Rice seedling quality at seedling stage of Rice Blanket (per seedling tray, same below)

Note: different lower case letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05), as follows.

The floatability of the T2 treated rice blanket seedling in the water culture period is better. As can be seen from Table 4, the time for the seedling pieces to stably float on the water surface is the longest in the T2 treatment, which reaches 38 days, and the seedling pieces do not sink to the bottom of the culture frame during the whole rice growth period. The treatments T1, T3, T4 and T5 do not sink to the bottom of the culture frame in the whole growth period of the rice, but fall down after stably floating on water surfaces 1d, 10d, 21d and 10 d. The reason is as follows: the floatable synthetic material is small, namely T1 treatment, the substrate layer has too large gravity, so that the blanket seedling has insufficient buoyancy and still floats in water, but the stability of the blanket seedling is affected; the floatable synthetic materials are large in amount, namely treated by T3, T4 and T5, and the gravity of the matrix layer is too small, so that the carpet seedlings are large in buoyancy and not beneficial to stability of the carpet seedlings.

TABLE 4 comparison of foam to substrate volume ratio for floatability of rice blanket seedlings in hydroponic culture period

TABLE 5 Water culture period standard of rice blanket seedling and corresponding symbolic description (1 observation time every 5 d)

Note: the good state of blanket seedling is "++, +, ＊＊, ＊", and the bad state is "—" or "〤", at which time the water culture is stopped.

In conclusion, the self-floating carpet is best cultivated after 15L of water is added into each cubic volume of the inorganic self-floating matrix formed by mixing 40% and 60% of the self-floating synthetic material and the general seedling culture matrix.

Inorganic floating material escape control test of the self-floating crop blanket:

the self-floating matrix is covered or fully wrapped by environment-friendly non-woven fabrics so as to reduce the foam escape of the self-floating crop blanket. Wherein CK is not provided with environment-friendly non-woven fabrics. W1 is an environment-friendly non-woven fabric covering method, the rice seedling tray assembly line is mixed with matrix and is placed in a tray, the environment-friendly non-woven fabric cut into 58cm multiplied by 28cm is manually placed before assembly line seeding, and the density of the environment-friendly non-woven fabric is 50g/m 2. W2 is environment-friendly non-woven fabric full-wrapping method, placing 70cm × 40cm environment-friendly non-woven fabric along the size of rice seedling tray, folding the excess non-woven fabric back at the bottom of the seedling tray, filling self-floating matrix in the seedling tray with the environment-friendly non-woven fabric, taking down the seedling tray, and sewing the environment-friendly non-woven fabric along the edge of the seedling tray with a hand-held sewing machine to ensure that the self-floating matrix is wrapped in the environment-friendly non-woven fabric. The management method of the rice self-floating blanket is the same as the conventional management method. The observation of the escape rate of the synthetic material when the bred self-floating blanket is placed in a water culture frame for a period of 126d shows that the foam escape rate of the self-floating matrix can be effectively reduced by two different environment-friendly non-woven fabric covering modes, wherein the W2 treatment has no foam escape, and the W1 treatment has a foam escape rate which is obviously reduced by 38.11% compared with the CK treatment.

FIG. 20 shows the foam escape rate of the self-floating rice blanket seedlings in different ways of covering with the eco-friendly non-woven fabric. Different covering modes of the environment-friendly non-woven fabric have no significance on the growth of the rice seedlings in the packing period of the rice blanket seedlings. As shown in Table 6, the number of formed seedlings, leaf age, plant height, and weight average of underground dry weight of the environmentally friendly nonwoven fabric were not significantly different from the CK treatment; the W2-treated aerial parts had the greatest dry weight, up to 123.10g, and were significantly different from the CK-treated treatment, but the W1-treated parts were not significantly different from the CK-treated parts.

TABLE 6 influence of environment-friendly non-woven fabric covering mode on seedling quality of self-floating rice blanket seedling in packing period

At the end of the hydroponic period, the seedling quality of each treatment is shown in table 7. After 126d of water culture period, the number of the seedlings formed by treatment of W1 is 1646, which is obviously higher than that of the seedlings formed by treatment of CK and treatment of W2, wherein the difference between the number of the seedlings formed by treatment of W2 and the treatment of CK is not obvious, but is higher than that of the seedlings formed by treatment of CK, which probably is because the stability of the seedling pieces of the rice is increased after the environment-friendly non-woven fabric is covered, thereby improving the capability of the seedling pieces of the rice against severe weather and reducing the number of the seedlings formed by the seedling pieces reduced due to lodging; the W2 treatment may cause the seedlings to penetrate through the double-layer environment-friendly non-woven fabrics due to the full wrapping of the environment-friendly non-woven fabrics, which affects the growth of the root systems of the seedlings and reduces the number of the grown seedlings.

In the W2 treatment, the W1 treatment and the CK treatment, the plant height, stem base width and dry weight of the overground part of the W2 treatment are the largest, and the dry weight of the underground part of the W1 treatment is the largest.

TABLE 7 influence of environment-friendly non-woven fabric covering mode on seedling quality of self-floating rice blanket seedling in packing period

The floating days of the W1 and W2 treatments increased compared with CK at the end of the water culture period.

TABLE 8 influence of environmental protection type non-woven fabric covering mode on floating days in water culture period of self-floating rice blanket seedling

In conclusion, the escape rate of the floatable material of the self-floating crop blanket escaping from the floating matrix foam can be effectively reduced by the environment-friendly non-woven fabric covering method and the environment-friendly non-woven fabric full-wrapping method, the operation is simple and convenient, the stable floating time of the self-floating crop blanket under the environment-friendly non-woven fabric covering method is longer, but the difference of the floating days treated by the environment-friendly non-woven fabric covering method is not obvious.

Example two: self-floating crop blanket made of triarrhena sacchariflora as biological floating material

The self-floating crop blanket shown in fig. 1 and 9-16 is prepared by using triarrhena sacchariflora as a biological material, and the specific steps can be completed by manpower or a seedling raising seeder, and the specific method is as follows:

1) soaking seeds of rice

Because the imbibition rate of the rice seeds is related to the air temperature, the rice seeds are soaked in the rice transplanting period by combining the local air temperature, and the specific soaking time is as follows: soaking seeds for 72 hours at the air temperature of 20 ℃; the seed soaking time is 48-60 h when the air temperature is 25 ℃; and when the temperature is 30 ℃, the seed soaking time is 36-40 h. Taking out the seeds after soaking, draining, spreading on the ground with the thickness less than or equal to 10cm, keeping the temperature, uniformly turning over for 24h, 1 day 2 at morning and evening, and sowing on the production line after rice seeds are exposed to white. The pesticide should be added when soaking rice seeds, taking 5kg rice seeds as an example, the pesticide for soaking seeds is 25g of 17% pyraclovir, 3ml of Cyanoxastrobin and 5ml of 20% imidacloprid emulsion.

2) Installation and adjustment of rice seedling raising seeder

The seeder assembly and adjustment are carried out according to the rice seedling raising seeder assembly and adjustment method in the first embodiment. The rice seedling raising assembly line debugging standard is as follows: after the seedling raising plate 200 passes through the soil spreading bin hopper, the surface of the floating matrix is flat, and the thickness is about 0.5 cm-1.0 cm; the water spraying device sprays water uniformly, and the matrix in the seedling raising tray 200 is in a wet state after the seedling raising tray 200 passes through the water spraying device; after the seedling raising plate 200 passes through the seeding bin, rice seeds can uniformly fall on the surface of the floating matrix according to a set amount; after the seedling raising plate 200 passes through the soil covering bin, the surface of the seedling raising substrate is flush with the seedling raising plate 200 in height and is flat in surface.

3) Self-floating rice blanket production

The triarrhena sacchariflora stem subjected to polyacrylate polymer waterproof membrane node end treatment (screening of the triarrhena sacchariflora stem floated polymer waterproof membrane material and testing of the appropriate amount of the triarrhena sacchariflora stem floated polymer waterproof membrane material shown below) is arranged in parallel in a breeding tray 200 paved with a medium-density plastic membrane 100 in advance, after debugging is completed, a seeder switch is turned on, the seeder starts to operate, and at the moment, a specially-assigned person is respectively responsible for conveying the breeding tray 200 filled with the triarrhena sacchariflora stem, supplementing a soil paving matrix, ensuring sufficient water source supply, supplementing rice seeds, supplementing an earth covering matrix, and timely conveying the sowed rice breeding tray 200 to a greenhouse or open field for management. And (3) putting the tray-formed seedling raising trays 200 into a dark place for darkening, stacking 20 left and right seedling raising trays 200, covering the empty seedling raising tray 200 at the top, swinging the tray after 80% of rice seedlings emerge, managing warm light water and fertilizer, and preparing a crop blanket when the root systems of the rice are tightly wound around triarrhena sacchariflora stalks to form a stable-structure biological floating raft and the overground part of the plant grows well.

Screening test of the polymer waterproof membrane material for increasing the floating of the triarrhena sacchariflora stems:

materials and methods

Cutting the biological material triarrhena sacchariflora into 16 cm pieces, coating a layer of water-based (epoxy resin) and emulsion-based (polyacrylate) polymer material on the cut surface, and comparing the cut surface without any treatment. There were 3 treatments, each of which was repeated 5 times. The above materials were all cultured in clear water (inner diameter 340 mm. times.230 mm. times.65 mm) in a blue plastic frame, and their floatability was observed.

Results and analysis:

FIGS. 17 and 18 show the floating rate of triarrhena treated with different polymeric materials after entering water. The emulsion type polyacrylate polymer film material has the best floating increasing effect after the triarrhena sacchariflora section is treated. The total floating time of the triarrhena is about 90 days, the floating days corresponding to water entry days are 63.4 days, 53.1 days and 50.2 days when the floating rate is 50 percent by emulsion treatment, water aqua treatment and CK (without water-proofing treatment), and the triarrhena treated by the emulsion is increased by 3 days and 13 days (water aqua is increased by 3 days) respectively compared with the water aqua treatment and the CK.

And (4) conclusion: the emulsion type polyacrylate polymer film material has the best floating increasing effect after the triarrhena sacchariflora section is treated.

The polymer waterproof membrane material for increasing the floating of the triarrhena sacchariflora stems is suitable for dosage test:

materials and methods

Coating the cut surface of anaphalis polygama with emulsion type waterproof coating (polyacrylate) 1 layer, 2 layers, 3 layers and 4 layers, respectively, as T1, T2, T3 and T4, and repeating the treatment for 3 times, wherein the treatment is totally 5 times by using no waterproof coating as a control. All the above treatments were put into a beaker (specification: 5L) and cultured with clear water, the floatability was observed, the mixture was weighed every 15 days, and the water content per unit volume was calculated.

Results and analysis:

FIG. 19 shows the water content per unit volume of triarrhena sacchariflora with different polymer material thicknesses. The emulsion type polyacrylate polymer film material has the best floating effect on the 2-layer treatment of the triarrhena sacchariflora coated with the cut surface, and can prolong the floating days by 44 days compared with CK. The section of untreated triarrhena sacchariflora floats on the water surface for about 90 days, and the water content per unit volume of the triarrhena sacchariflora treated by T2 in the observation period is smaller than that of CK treatment in the whole period. The number of days of water entry is used as an abscissa, the water content per unit volume is used as an ordinate when the triarrhena sacchariflora sinks to the bottom, logarithmic fitting is carried out on the water content per unit volume of the triarrhena sacchariflora under the T2 treatment under different water entry times, and the water content per unit volume is known to be 0.95 g/cm3 when the triarrhena sacchariflora sinks to the bottom under the CK treatment, so that the triarrhena sacchariflora treated under the T2 treatment can float for 134 days.

And (4) conclusion: the emulsion type polyacrylate polymer film material has the best floating increasing effect on the 2-layer treatment of the triarrhena sacchariflora coated with the cut surface.

Example three: application of self-floating crop blanket under water surface with different areas

Based on the crop blanket of the first embodiment or the second embodiment, a proper arrangement mode can be selected according to different application places, when the application places are farmland drainage ditches, the self-floating crop blanket is placed in a single-piece or multi-piece connection mode, seedlings can be knotted with each other in the connection mode, the bottoms of the single-piece or multi-piece connection crop blanket are fixed, a thin bamboo rod which is connected with one end of a hemp thread with the depth larger than the depth of the ditch and is about 10cm long penetrates through the center of the crop blanket to fix the crop blanket, and a brick is tied at the bottom of the ditch to relatively fix the crop blanket in a certain range to float with water (as shown in fig. 21); when the application places are small water surfaces such as aquaculture ponds, purification ecological ponds and the like, the self-floating crop blanket can be directly put into the water body after the range is defined (as shown in figure 22); when the application site is a large surface with high wind and large wave, the crop blankets are arranged in a rectangular array in the area enclosed by the fence (as shown in fig. 23).

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-floating crop blanket, comprising: consists of a group of crop blankets (2), and the group of crop blankets (2) are connected with each other and arranged in the water area;

wherein, crop blanket (2) are including from superficial material layer (21) and seedling (22), the root system of seedling (22) is coiled into root system layer (23) on from superficial material layer (21) to root system layer (23) are covered with from superficial material layer (21).

2. The self-floating crop blanket as defined in claim 1, wherein: the self-floating material layer (21) comprises a first universal substrate layer (211) and an inorganic self-floating substrate (212), the first universal substrate layer (211) is arranged on the upper layer of the inorganic self-floating substrate (212), seeds of seedlings (22) are arranged between the first universal substrate layer (211) and the inorganic self-floating substrate (212), root systems of the seedlings (22) form root systems (23) in the first universal substrate layer (211) and the inorganic self-floating substrate (212), and the root systems (23) are distributed on the whole first universal substrate layer (211) and the inorganic self-floating substrate (212).

3. The self-floating crop blanket as defined in claim 2, wherein: the inorganic self-floating matrix (212) is prepared by mixing inorganic floating particles and a general matrix layer I (211), wherein the inorganic floating particles can be made of inorganic materials with high self-floating force, such as foam particles and ceramsite, and the general matrix layer I (211) can be made of a culture matrix or a seedling culture matrix.

4. The self-floating crop blanket as defined in claim 3, wherein: the formula of the inorganic self-floating matrix (212) comprises 20-60% of foam particles, 40-80% of general matrix and 7-20L of water per cubic meter.

5. The self-floating crop blanket as defined in claim 3, wherein: an environment-friendly non-woven fabric (24) with a penetrable root system is arranged between the first universal substrate layer (211) and the inorganic self-floating substrate (212), and seeds of the seedlings (22) are arranged between the first universal substrate layer (211) and the environment-friendly non-woven fabric (24).

6. The self-floating crop blanket as defined in claim 1, wherein: the self-floating material layer (21) comprises biological floating materials (25), a second universal matrix layer (26) and a third universal matrix layer (27), the biological floating materials (25), the second universal matrix layer (26) and the third universal matrix layer (27) are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, seeds of seedlings (22) are arranged between the second universal matrix layer (26) and the third universal matrix layer (27), and the biological floating materials (25) are one of plants with high self-floating force and long self-floating time, such as triarrhena indica.

7. The self-floating crop blanket as defined in claim 6, wherein: biological superficial material (25) are arranged in proper order by the south silvergrass stem stalk from that buoyancy is big, the time of floating is long from the floating and form, the root system of seedling (22) coils between biological superficial material and becomes root system layer (23) to biological superficial material all adopts festival end incision water proof coating to handle, water proof coating is polyacrylate.

8. The self-floating crop blanket as defined in claim 6, wherein: the universal substrate layer II (26) and the universal substrate layer III (27) adopt universal cultivation substrates or seedling culture substrates.

9. The method of making a self-floating crop blanket of claim 5: the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s2, sieving the universal matrix and the universal matrix layer I (211) in the self-floating matrix: screening a universal substrate layer I (211) for seedling raising, wherein the universal substrate cannot be provided with sand and stones and metal impurities, the water content is not more than 20%, and the maximum diameter is not more than 5 mm;

s6, preparation of the inorganic self-floating matrix (212): taking 20-60% of foam particles, 40-80% of universal matrix layer I (211) and 7-20L of water per cube in volume ratio, mixing the inorganic self-floating matrix (212) and the universal matrix layer I (211) according to the formula volume ratio in the preparation process, adding 7-20L of water into each cube of mixed matrix, turning and throwing for 2-3 times to ensure that the floating matrix is uniform in texture, enabling the mixture to be agglomerated by holding with a hand, and naturally dispersing after loosening the hand;

s8, cutting the environment-friendly non-woven fabric: cutting the environment-friendly non-woven fabric (24) into 58cm multiplied by 28cm according to the size of the seedling raising tray, paving the cut environment-friendly non-woven fabric (24) above the inorganic self-floating matrix (212), wherein the density of the environment-friendly non-woven fabric (24) is not higher than 31.25g/m²；

s10, daily management: the seedling raising trays after seeding and earthing are stacked and placed for darkening treatment, after seedling emergence, the trays are placed and subjected to warm-light water and fertilizer management, the crop carpet is made into a standard that the underground parts of the plants are mutually wound and are integrated with a self-floating material layer (21), and the overground parts of the plants grow well.

10. The method of making a self-floating crop blanket as defined in claim 6, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

s2, screening the universal matrix layer II (26) and the universal matrix layer III (27): screening a second universal substrate layer (26) and a third universal substrate layer (27) for seedling raising, wherein the universal substrates cannot carry sand and stones and metal impurities, the water content is not more than 20%, and the maximum diameter is not more than 5 mm;

s6, preparation of biological floating material (25): preparation of biological float (25): cutting the stem of the biological floating material (25) into 57cm long, performing polyacrylate coating two-layer waterproof treatment on the section end cut surface, and airing in a shade place for about 48 hours for later use;

s7, biological floating material (25) loading: filling the biological floating materials (25) treated by the waterproof coating on the section end section into a seedling raising tray side by side, wherein the thickness is 2 cm;

after preparation work of S8 and S1-S7 is finished, a power supply is switched on, a main power switch of the seedling raising seeder is switched on, a motor switch and a watering switch on a motor box panel are switched on, the seeding machine can start to convey a seedling raising tray after the seeding machine starts to operate, a soil spreading box clutch, a seeding box speed regulator switch and a soil covering box clutch are respectively switched on after the seedling raising tray starts to convey, and the whole assembly line starts full-automatic seedling raising and seeding assembly line operation; wherein, 1 worker is arranged beside the soil spreading box, the sowing box, the soil covering box tray and the tail end of the conveyer belt for supplementing the general matrix for bedding, supplementing the seeds capable of growing seedlings, supplementing the general matrix for covering the seeds and timely conveying the well-made seedling trays to the open air or a sunlight greenhouse for seedling culture management;