CN118077623A - Ecological river crab cultivation method established in two directions by adopting habitat - Google Patents
Ecological river crab cultivation method established in two directions by adopting habitat Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of intensive culture of river crabs, and particularly relates to an ecological culture method for river crabs constructed in a two-way manner by adopting habitats. The method utilizes submerged plants in the prior-period planting ditch and floating bed plants laid on the water surface in the middle and later periods to respectively construct benthonic and floating bed stereoscopic habitat ecological cultivation river crabs from bottom to top and from top to bottom in a bidirectional manner. The bidirectional habitat constructed based on the benthonic environment and the floating bed environment in the method provides proper water temperature and water quality for healthy growth of the river crabs, increases the activity and inhabiting space of the river crabs, can effectively improve the utilization rate of the river crabs and increase the specification and the size of commodity river crabs, thereby realizing the increase in production and income of the river crabs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intensive culture of river crabs, and particularly relates to a ecological method for culturing river crabs by adopting habitat bidirectional construction.
Background
The deterioration of the habitat in the middle stage of the river crab growth is a key problem for restricting the high yield and high efficiency of river crab culture. According to investigation, during the middle growth period (7-9 late 7 months) of river crabs, the plant community structure is abnormal and missing, namely, early dominant species of waterweed often causes rotting and water aversion due to intolerance of high temperature and stop growing, and meanwhile, the population scale is excessively increased under the drive of a water body high nutrition ecological niche, so that undernutrition of waterweed, root soil separation and floating death are caused, and finally rotting and water loss are caused; or the double functions of supporting river crabs to inhabit and purifying pond water are lost due to the fact that the population is too small, such as the black algae which are a midterm dominant population with weak competitive power and easy to be eaten by crabs, or the two are overlapped, so that the crab pond is severely reduced in yield and income.
The existing researches mainly build a single dominant plant population in the growth period of the river crabs by adjusting the water depth and cutting the biomass of submerged plants or replacing the submerged plants with floating bed plants and the like, so that the stability of the ecological system of the crab pond and the suitable habitat of the river crabs are ensured, but the method has obvious limitations in the practical implementation process. The adjustment of the water depth is excessively dependent on the experience of the crab pond manager; the control of the population scale of submerged plants depends on the biomass of a part of artificial mowing, has high maintenance cost, is often delayed by factors such as air temperature, rainfall, labor force and the like, and is difficult to be matched with the requirements of habitats in various growth periods of river crabs; compared with submerged plants, the floating bed plants are easy to salvage, but are limited by floating characteristics of frame carriers such as floating plates and planting bowls, living environments such as playing, inhabiting and masking are difficult to provide for river crabs, the risk of attack and death in the shelling period of the river crabs is increased, the root biomass of the floating bed plants is small under the limitation of transplanting aperture, and the water purifying effect is to be improved. In conclusion, the ecological environment which is built in one way by taking submerged plants or floating bed plants as dominant populations is difficult to meet the requirements of stable and high-yield ecological environment of river crabs.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a river crab ecological breeding method which is established by adopting a habitat in a two-way manner. The invention aims to solve the problem of yield and benefit reduction caused by deterioration of the river crab habitat due to succession abnormality and deletion of a plant community structure in the middle of the growth of the river crab through bidirectional construction of the river crab habitat.
The method adopts the two-way built habitat to cultivate river crabs, and the two-way built habitat mainly comprises benthonic habitats built based on limiting planting submerged plants in ditches and aquatic habitats built based on water surface floating bed plants. The river crab culture method adopts a three-dimensional composite habitat, has reasonable and stable community structure, takes submerged plants in the benthonic habitat as a pre-dominant population, takes floating bed plants in the benthonic habitat as a post-dominant population, continuously coexist in the river crab growth period, and coexists in space up and down, and bidirectionally synergistically builds a proper river crab habitat.
Benthonic environment constructed based on limiting planting of submerged plants in a ditch refers to a river crab living environment constructed by taking limiting planting of submerged plants in the ditch as a dominant population from the bottom of a pond, and the moderate scale of the submerged plant population is controlled by coordinating planting ditch space and planting density. Specifically, the limiting planting groove is a groove excavated along the periphery and/or the center of the crab pond, preferably a groove which is ' Chinese character ' Tian ' is excavated along the periphery and the center of the crab pond, the limiting planting groove occupies 20% -30% of the bottom area of the pond, the width is 3-6 m, the depth is 0.6 cm-1.0 cm, and the slope ratio is 1: 3-1: 5, a ditch body; the spacing planting ditch is mainly used for transplanting submerged plants, the submerged plants are preferably Haematococcus, the plant spacing of each hole of the submerged plants is 1-2 m, and each hole of the submerged plants is 20-30 plants.
The aquatic habitat created based on the water surface floating bed plants refers to a novel living environment of river crabs created from the water surface downwards by taking the floating bed plants as dominant populations. Specifically, a plant floating bed with the coverage of 50-60% is placed in the central area of the water surface of the crab pond, and a transverse blanket-shaped packing layer and a longitudinal extension root group of the plant floating bed in the water body establish a river crab aquatic habitat downwards from the water surface. The transverse blanket-shaped packing layer of the floating bed plant in the water body provides a place for the river crabs to play, inhabit and mask after unshelling; the root system of the floating bed plant directly contacts with the crab pond water body to absorb nitrate in the water body, reduce chlorophyll a in the water body and the like, so as to provide a river crab 'clean water' environment; the coverage of the plants on the water surface is increased, and a 'cool' environment of river crabs is provided; the root system, the seeds and the tender stems provide the bait for the river crab 'snack'.
Submerged plants and floating bed plants in the bi-directional construction habitat of river crabs are used as dominant populations of crab ponds when the air temperature is lower than 25 ℃ and higher than 25 ℃, and reasonable succession can be completed among seasons. Wherein, the transplanting and placing time of the submerged plants and the floating bed plants are respectively 2 months in the middle and the last ten days and 5 months in the last ten days. The population scale of submerged plants is always stable in a crab pond, the early stage is mainly realized through space limitation of a planting ditch and proper-scale transplanting density, and the later stage is realized through ensuring reasonable ecological niches under water by introducing floating bed plants to absorb surplus nutrients of water, regulating illumination and the like; the population scale of the floating bed plants is realized by arranging a control area in the central area of the water surface of the crab pond.
The population scale of submerged plants and floating bed plants in the bi-directional construction habitat of the river crabs in the crab pond is effectively controlled, the nutrition ecological niche of the water body is reasonable, the dominant population is reasonably replaced, the community structure is stable, the habitat space of the river crabs can be effectively increased, the habitat quality of the river crabs is improved, the utilization rate of the river crabs baits is improved, the feeding cost is saved, and accordingly the yield and income of the river crabs are ensured.
The plant floating bed is a novel self-floating bed based on inorganic or biological materials, preferably a frame-free floating bed, such as a self-floating crop blanket, a semi-floating composite crop island reef, a vegetable floating sheet without fixed support and the like. The self-floating crop blanket is a frameless self-floating bed which provides buoyancy by adopting two modes of inorganic self-floating matrix or biological floating raft. The semi-suspension composite crop island is a plant floating bed which takes aquatic plant reproductive root stems with hollow cavities as part of stems of floating body materials and the parts below the stems are immersed under water surface. The vegetable floating sheet without fixed support is a vegetable floating bed without fixed support, which is characterized in that the water-logging-resistant vegetable seeds directly adhere to a biomass network, and the biomass network provides physical support. The water surface floating bed plants adopted in the plant floating bed are economic crops or aquatic vegetables which are resistant to flooding.
Advantageous effects
The ecological river crab culturing method adopting the habitat bidirectional construction is an ecological method suitable for scattered or intensive river crab culturing, the habitat of the river crab with the proper habitat is built through reasonable succession of the submerged plants of the dominant population in the early stage and the floating bed plants of the dominant population in the middle and later stages among seasons, the population scale sum of the submerged and floating bed plants can be effectively controlled, the dominant population can be promoted to reasonably succession and keep stable in structure in the key period of river crab culturing under the reasonable condition of the water nutrition ecological niche, the river crab habitat is effectively increased, the river crab habitat quality is effectively improved, the feeding cost is saved, the specification and the size of commodity river crabs are increased, and the quality and the yield of the river crabs are improved. Can effectively increase the inhabitation space of the river crabs and promote the habitat quality of the river crabs, thereby improving the utilization rate of the baits of the river crabs, saving the feeding cost and further ensuring the realization of the increase in production and income of the river crabs. Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a crab pond with a field-shaped spacing planting groove.
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a crab pond in which submerged plants are planted.
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a crab pond in which crab seedlings are raised.
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a floating bed within a crab pond.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the self-floating crop blanket used in example 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a water spinach blanket without fixed support used in example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to illustrate the problem and to explain the invention, without limiting it.
The ecological river crab culturing method established in two directions by adopting habitat comprises the following steps:
S1, excavating and spacing planting ditches
And excavating a limit planting ditch in a 'field shape' along the periphery and the center of the crab pond in the last ten days of 2 months, as shown in figure 1. Spacing planting ditch occupies 20% -30% of pool bottom area, width 30-60 cm, depth 40-60 cm, slope ratio 1: 3-1: 5, the sludge after the ditch is excavated and limited is pushed flat at the bottom of the pond.
S2, water is filled in the pond
Injecting water into the crab pond until the water level in the crab pond reaches 20 cm-40 cm.
S3, transplanting submerged plants at the bottom of the ditch
The waterweed is transplanted in the limited planting ditch in the middle and late 2 months, the planting distance is 1 m-2 m, and 20-30 plants are transplanted in each hole, as shown in figure 2.
S4, water level adjustment
After 15-20 days of planting the waterweed, water is injected to the crab pond water level reaching 80-90 cm.
S5, throwing crab seedlings
The crab seedlings are put into the pond according to the stocking density of 1000-1200 per mu, and the stocking specification of the crab seedlings is 80-100 per kg, as shown in figure 3.
S6, bait throwing
Commercial feeds, fresh hairtail and the like are used as river crab baits, and the baits are fed dynamically according to the growth condition of the river crabs, wherein each crab ingests about 1.5-2.5 g of the feeds on average every day, and the feeding time is about 5:00 pm.
S7, plant floating bed pond edge production
And (3) selecting an open-air hard land or a greenhouse around the crab pond to produce a plant floating bed, wherein the plant floating bed can be selected from a self-floating crop blanket, a semi-floating composite crop island reef, a vegetable floating sheet without fixed support and a rice and vegetable mixed plant floating bed.
S8, placing a floating bed on the water surface
In the late 5 months, a control area is arranged by nylon ropes and wood piles in the central area of the water surface of the crab pond, and a novel floating bed is placed, wherein the area of the control area accounts for 50% -60% of the water surface of the crab pond as shown in fig. 4.
S9, other management
The micro-pore oxygenation is carried out on the water body in the crab pond during the cultivation period, and the oxygenation is carried out for 7-10 hours from 20 points at night to 6 points in the morning in the next day, and the oxygenation is continuously carried out all the day in overcast and rainy days; according to rainfall condition and water level change, water is fed once every 2 to 3 days, and the constant water level of the crab pond is kept at 80cm to 100 cm.
Example 1
River crab cultivation is carried out by taking a Taiping crab pond in the urban area of Suzhou city as an implementation point, the total area of the crab pond is about 1.5 mu, the area of a single pond is 100m 2, the substrate is silt, and the water depth is about 1m. The method is implemented in 2018 in 2-10 months, and a bidirectional habitat crab pond with a first stage of a dominant plant population of the Haematococcus and a middle and later stage of a self-floating crop blanket as the dominant plant population is set as a test crab pond.
The method for constructing the habitat of the experimental crab pond comprises the following steps: spacing planting ditches of "field word" are excavated along crab pool periphery and center, spacing planting ditches account for about 20% of pond bottom area, and width is about 35cm, and the degree of depth is about 50cm, and side slope ratio 1: and 4, pushing and leveling the sludge after the ditches are excavated and limited. Transplanting the waterweeds in the limit planting ditch at the bottom of the crab pond for 2 months and 15 days, wherein the planting area of the waterweeds accounts for 20% of the bottom area of the crab pond for 5 months and 30 days, a 15m multiplied by 4m rectangular area is selected at the center of the water surface of the crab pond, 6 points are respectively arranged along the periphery of the area for piling, a nylon rope is used for fixing and shaping the area into a closed area along the piling points, and the self-floating crop blanket is placed in the area, wherein the area accounts for about 60% of the whole crab pond.
As shown in fig. 5, the self-floating crop blanket is a rice self-floating blanket. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: firstly, the film is flatly paved at the bottom of a tray after cutting according to the 58 multiplied by 27cm size of a rice seedling raising tray; preparing self-floating matrixes with synthetic materials such as foam (EPP material), ceramsite, perlite, pumice and the like as self-floating materials synchronously, wherein the self-floating materials in the self-floating matrixes account for 20-60% by volume, and the balance is conventional seedling raising or seedling raising matrixes; secondly, filling the floating substrate into a seedling raising tray paved with a plastic film, wherein the thickness of the floating substrate is about 2cm; then cutting the non-woven fabric according to the size of a seedling raising tray, and paving the non-woven fabric above the floating substrate, wherein the density of the non-woven fabric is not higher than 31.25g/m 2; then, the rice seeds are soaked, germinated and uniformly sown on non-woven fabrics, and the sowing density is preferably that the rice seeds can be used as packing; then uniformly covering the seedling raising or seedling raising matrix above the seeds, wherein the thickness is about 0.5 cm-1.0 cm; finally, stacking the seedling raising trays after sowing and earthing for darkening treatment, arranging the trays after emergence of seedlings and carrying out light-temperature water and fertilizer management, wherein the standard of the self-floating bed for rice is that the underground parts of plants are mutually wound and fused with a floating matrix into a whole, and the overground parts of the plants grow well. The feeding amount of the crab seedlings in the crab pond is 450, the specification is 80-100 kg -1, the baits are river crab feed and ice fresh hairtail, the baits are exogenous commercial feeds, and the test sampling period is from 7 months in 2018 to 10 months in 2018 and is 93 days in total.
As a comparison, selecting a crab pond with the same conditions at the adjacent position as a comparison crab pond to carry out river crab cultivation. The contrast crab pond bottom is directly planted with the waterweed as a dominant plant species, the waterweed covers 50% of the area of the pond bottom, and the daily management mode is consistent with that of the experimental crab pond.
Chla and underwater 20cm temperature of the water body of the crab pond are measured every 15 days in the test period, TN content of the water body is measured every 10 days, and the yield is counted after the river crabs are mature, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Test item | Experimental crab pond | Control crab pond |
| Average underwater 20cm temperature | 28.7℃ | 30.1℃ |
| Underwater 20cm temperature range | 22.3℃～33℃ | 24℃～35.2℃ |
| TN mean value of water body | 0.62mg/L | 0.82mg/L |
| TN value range of water body | 0.5～0.94mg/L | 0.73～1.13mg/L |
| Chla mean value | 3.39μg/L | 5.11μg/L |
| Chla value range | 0.71～7.68μg/L | 2.91～8.55μg/L |
| Commercial river crab yield | 67 Kg/mu | 66.7 Kg/mu |
| Commercial river crab single weight | 200 G/g only | 150 G/min |
The results show that the two-way ecological breeding method for the river crabs, which is built by taking the Haematococcus and the self-floating crop blanket as dominant plant populations in the early stage and the middle and late stage respectively, has the advantages of obviously improving the water quality, adjusting the water temperature, improving the habitat of the river crabs and increasing the yield and singleness of commercial crabs compared with the traditional breeding method.
Example 2
River crab cultivation is carried out by taking a Taiping crab pond in the urban area of Suzhou city as an implementation point, wherein the area of the crab pond is 0.45 mu, the area of a single pond is 100m 2, the substrate is silt, and the water depth is about 1m. The method is implemented in 3 to 10 months in 2019, and a bi-directional habitat with the dominant plant population of the waterweeds in the early stage and the dominant plant population of the water spinach in the middle and later stages is set to be a test crab pond.
The method for constructing the habitat of the experimental crab pond comprises the following steps: at the beginning of 3 months, spacing planting ditches of 'field shape' are excavated along the periphery and the center of the crab pond, the spacing planting ditches occupy about 25% of the bottom area of the pond, the width is about 45cm, the depth is about 50cm, and the slope ratio is 1:4, pushing the sludge after the spacing planting ditch is excavated to be flat at the bottom of the pond; the area of the culture pond is about 25 percent of the area of the bottom of the pond after the culture pond is limited and planted with the waterweed in the ditch at the bottom of the crab pond for 3 months and 10 days. A 15m multiplied by 4m rectangular area is selected at the center of the water surface of the crab pond for 6 months and 2 days, 6 points are respectively arranged along the periphery of the area for piling, nylon ropes are used for fixing and shaping the area into a closed area along the piling points, and the self-floating crop blanket seedling of the water spinach without fixed support is placed in the area, wherein the area accounts for about 60% of the whole crab pond.
The water spinach blanket seedling without fixed support is prepared by the following method. Preparing water spinach seeds, soaking the water spinach seeds in water at 30-40 ℃ for 24 hours at the initial temperature of about 20 ℃ at the bottom of 3 months and 4 months, accelerating germination at 25 ℃, and stopping accelerating germination when more than 50% of the seeds are exposed to white. Synchronously preparing a biomass hemp net with the aperture of 3mm multiplied by 3mm and a non-woven fabric with the density of 50g/m 2 for covering seeds, which are beneficial to the root system coiling of the water spinach. Soaking the biomass net in water, and spreading the biomass net in a culture pond with a closed bottom after the biomass net is saturated with water. Uniformly scattering the water spinach seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating above the biomass net, wherein the sowing density is about 3000 plants/m 2 according to the number of seedlings of the water spinach. Before the water spinach seeds germinate, the wetting management is mainly adopted, the water layer in the water pool is controlled below 0.5cm, and the non-woven fabric coverage is ensured. After the cotyledons completely germinate, uncovering the non-woven fabric, and controlling the water layer to be below 1.0cm, wherein the water layer is too high to be drained due to rainfall in open-air seedling culture. When the root system of the water spinach is wound, coiled and completely covered with the biomass net, the water layer is controlled to be about 5cm, the water layer is replenished when the water layer is insufficient, and drainage is not needed when the water layer is too high. As shown in fig. 6, the water spinach root system is wound, coiled and fully covered with the biomass net to reach the standard of forming a water spinach blanket without fixed support, and the formed water spinach group root system is folded outwards or cut to a size convenient to transport and then stacked and transported to a crab pond for throwing. Because the root system of the water spinach and the biomass net winding disc are integrated, the water spinach is not easy to crack in the folding, migration and re-unfolding processes, and because the plant on the overground part of the water spinach reaches a certain height, 1/3 of the water spinach can be exposed above the water surface.
The feeding amount of the crab seedlings in the crab pond is 450, the specification is 80-100 kg -1, the baits are river crab feed and ice fresh hairtail, the baits are exogenous commercial feeds, and the test period is from 15 days in 3 months in 2019 to 31 days in 10 months in 2019, and the total period is 231 days.
As a comparison, selecting a crab pond with the same conditions at the adjacent position as a comparison crab pond to carry out river crab cultivation. The contrast crab pond bottom is directly planted with the waterweed as a dominant plant species, the waterweed covers 60 percent of the area of the pond bottom, and the daily management mode is consistent with that of the implementation crab pond.
The Chla and underwater 20cm temperature of the water body of the crab pond are measured every 15 days in the test period, the TN content of the water body is measured every 10 days, and the fullness is counted after the river crabs are mature, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
| Test item | Implementing crab pond | Control crab pond |
| Average underwater 20cm temperature | 25.71℃ | 26.28℃ |
| Underwater 20cm temperature range | 17.7～32.27℃ | 19.87～33.3℃ |
| TN mean value of water body | 0.85mg/L | 1.26mg/L |
| TN value range of water body | 0.52～1.20mg/L | 0.85～1.55mg/L |
| Chla mean value | 2.20μg/L | 2.68μg/L |
| Chla value range | 0.39～4.13μg/L | 0.39～5.64μg/L |
| Commercial river crab yield | 100 Kg/mu | 96.8 Kg/mu |
| Commercial river crab single weight | 210.5 G/min | 162.3 G/min |
The results show that the two-way ecological cultivation method for river crabs, which is constructed by taking the waterweeds and floating sheets of the water spinach without fixed support as dominant plant populations in the early stage and the middle stage respectively, has the advantages of obviously improving the water quality, adjusting the water temperature, improving the habitat, improving the yield and singleness of commodity crabs and the like compared with the traditional cultivation method.
The above embodiments are illustrative for the purpose of illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention so that those skilled in the art can understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and thus do not limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A river crab ecological breeding method adopting habitat bidirectional construction is characterized in that: putting crab seedlings into a crab pond constructed with a three-dimensional composite habitat, wherein the three-dimensional composite habitat comprises a benthonic habitat constructed from the bottom of the crab pond and a floating bed habitat constructed from the water surface of the crab pond; the benthonic habitat is used as a pre-dominant population, the floating bed habitat is used as a post-dominant population, and the benthonic habitat and the floating bed habitat coexist and take turns in the growth period of the river crabs to jointly construct a habitat suitable for the growth of the river crabs.
2. The ecological river crab cultivation method established by adopting the habitat in two directions according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the benthonic environment is constructed by the following method: digging a limiting planting ditch at the bottom of the crab pond, and planting a dominant population of submerged plants in the limiting planting ditch, wherein the dominant population of submerged plants grows upwards from the bottom of the crab pond to construct a place for inhabiting and masking of river crabs; the control of benthonic population scale is realized by utilizing the space limiting function of the limiting planting ditch and controlling the planting density of the submerged plants.
3. The ecological river crab cultivation method established in a two-way habitat of claim 2, wherein: the floating bed habitat is constructed by adopting the following method: arranging a fence area on the water surface of the crab pond, putting a plant floating bed constructed by taking floating bed plants as dominant species in the fence area, wherein a transverse blanket-shaped packing layer and a longitudinal extension root group in the plant floating bed grow downwards from the vicinity of the water surface of the crab pond, constructing a place for inhabiting and masking of river crabs, and absorbing redundant nutrients of a water body.
4. The ecological breeding method for river crabs built in two directions by adopting habitats according to claim 3, characterized in that: the limiting planting ditch occupies 20% -30% of the pool bottom area, the width is 3 m-6 m, the depth is 0.6 cm-1.0 cm, and the side slope ratio is 1: 3-1: 5.
5. The ecological breeding method for river crabs built in two directions by adopting habitats according to claim 3, characterized in that: the limiting planting ditches are excavated around and in the center of the crab pond to form field-shaped distribution; the submerged plants are the waterweeds, the plant spacing of each hole of the submerged plants is 1-2 m, and each hole of the submerged plants is 20-30 plants.
6. The ecological breeding method for river crabs built in two directions by adopting habitats according to claim 3, characterized in that: the plant floating bed is arranged in the central area of the water surface of the crab pond and covers 50% -60% of the area of the water surface of the crab pond.
7. The ecological breeding method for river crabs built in two directions by adopting habitats according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the growth period of river crabs, the population scale of submerged plants is limited by utilizing the space limiting effect of limiting planting ditches in the early stage, and the floating bed plant roots are utilized to absorb redundant nutrients of water in the later stage, so that the coverage of the water surface plants is increased by the floating bed plants, the population scale of the submerged plants is limited by illumination at the bottom of the pond, and the population scale of the submerged plants is kept stable; in the growth period of river crabs, the population scale of floating bed plants is kept stable under the space restriction effect of the water surface fence area of the crab pond.
8. The ecological breeding method for river crabs built in two directions by adopting habitats according to claim 3, characterized in that: the plant floating bed is a frameless floating bed which realizes self-floating based on inorganic or biological materials and is selected from self-floating crop carpets, semi-floating composite crop island reefs, vegetable floating sheets without fixed support and rice and vegetable mixed planting plant floating beds; the water surface floating bed plants adopted by the plant floating bed are economic crops or aquatic vegetables which are resistant to flooding.
9. The ecological breeding method for river crabs built in two directions by adopting habitats according to claim 3, characterized in that: the plant floating bed is a rice self-floating crop blanket or a water spinach blanket seedling without fixed support.
10. The ecological river crab cultivation method adopting habitat bidirectional construction according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
S1, excavating and spacing planting ditches
Digging a limiting planting ditch at the bottom of the crab pond in the last ten days of 2 months, and leveling sludge after digging the limiting planting ditch at the bottom of the pond;
S2, water is filled in the pond
Injecting water into the crab pond until the water level of the crab pond reaches 20 cm-40 cm;
s3, transplanting submerged plants at the bottom of the ditch
Transplanting the waterweed in the limited planting ditch in the middle and late 2 months, wherein the planting distance is 1-2 m, and 20-30 plants are transplanted in each hole;
S4, water level adjustment
After planting the waterweed for 15-20 days, injecting water until the water level of the crab pond reaches 80-90 cm;
S5, throwing crab seedlings
Stocking the crab seedlings into the pond according to the stocking density of 1000-1200 crab seedlings per mu, wherein the stocking specification of the crab seedlings is 80-100 crab seedlings per kg;
S6, bait throwing
Taking commercial feed and ice fresh hairtail as river crab feed, dynamically feeding according to the growth condition of the river crab, and feeding about 1.5-2.5 g of feed per crab every day on average, and feeding in the afternoon;
S7, plant floating bed pond edge production
Selecting an open-air hard land or a greenhouse around the crab pond to produce a plant floating bed;
S8, placing a floating bed on the water surface
Arranging a fence area with nylon ropes and wood piles in the central area of the water surface of the crab pond in the late 5 months, and placing a novel floating bed, wherein the fence area accounts for 50% -60% of the water surface of the crab pond;
s9, other management
Oxygenation is carried out on the water body in the crab pond during the cultivation period, the oxygenation is carried out for 7-10 hours from 20 hours at night to 6 hours in the morning next day, and the oxygenation is continuously carried out all the day in overcast and rainy days; according to rainfall condition and water level change, water is fed once every 2 to 3 days, and the constant water level of 80 cm-100 cm of the crab pond is maintained.
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