CN113287486B - Self-floating crop blanket and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-floating crop blanket and a preparation method thereof, which are formed by combining 1 or more self-floating crop blanket units, wherein 1 crop blanket is 1 independent unit, and the arrangement mode is set according to application places; the crop blanket comprises a self-floating material layer and seedlings, wherein root systems of the seedlings are coiled into root system layers in the self-floating material layer, and the coiled root system layers are formed on the lower end face of the self-floating base material. The self-floating crop blanket has good buoyancy due to the adoption of two modes of inorganic self-floating matrix or biological floating raft, and gets rid of the frame-type or panel-type floating carrier of the traditional floating bed by changing the structure of the floating bed, and simultaneously solves the problems of complex process, labor and time consumption for transplanting, difficult water surface laying and the like caused by the separation of floating bodies and plants.

Description

Self-floating crop blanket and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of water environment treatment such as aquaculture tail water purification, agricultural non-point source pollution control and the like, and also relates to a self-floating crop blanket and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The 2020 ecological environment gazette shows that the ecological environment quality of the whole country is continuously improved and stable, but the improvement effect of the ecological environment quality of the country is not stable, the ecological environment is still far enough, especially in the aspect of water environment, the total pressure is still huge, the pollution load of nitrogen, phosphorus and COD exceeds the water environment bearing capacity, and the 'Bishui' guard war is a attack war, and is more durable war.

The ecological floating bed technology is one of the main technologies for water environment treatment, has the advantages of in-situ purification of polluted water, space and economic cost saving, capability of creating habitat for aquatic animals and plants, reconstruction or restoration of a damaged ecological system and ecological functions thereof from the perspective of increasing the biological diversity of the water, and certain landscape functions, and is often applied to wetland parks, industrial wastewater, rural sewage and other treatment systems in recent years.

However, the popularization and application of the current ecological floating bed technology still have larger limitations,

first: the floating bed mainly comprises a polystyrene foam plastic plate or a hollow plastic pipe with a sealed opening, and a frame-type floating carrier such as a plastic net is paved, but the floating body and plants are separated, so that the problems that the process is complicated, the transplanting is labor-consuming, the assembly is time-consuming, the water surface is difficult to pave and the like are difficult to overcome in the preparation and application processes. In addition, the characteristics of easy ageing of the floating material and great recycling difficulty, which are generally disposable, are contrary to the requirements of water environment ecological management. In addition, the limited plants are transplanted, and the selection of floating bed plants is difficult to achieve ecological, landscape function and economic benefit.

Second,: the main component of the floatable material of the ecological floating bed is PE (polyethylene), wherein PE fragments less than 5mm and defined as micro-plastics enter vegetable fields or farmlands with water after entering water, enter crops with water flow and nutrient flow through plant pipes under the action of transpiration tension force on one hand, and are transmitted to threaten human health and safety through food chains; on the other hand, the aquatic animal can easily cause intestinal problems after being eaten by mistake and even endanger life, thereby reducing the stability of the aquatic ecosystem and being unfavorable for water environment protection.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: in order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide a self-floating crop blanket, which solves the problems of high cost, high labor consumption, complex process, difficult popularization and application in a large area, high risk of secondary pollution of water bodies and the like caused by the limitation of floating materials such as frames, panels and the like in the existing ecological floating bed technology.

The technical scheme is as follows: the self-floating crop blanket comprises 1 or more self-floating crop blanket units, wherein 1 crop blanket is 1 independent unit, and the arrangement mode of the self-floating crop blanket is set according to the water surface of an application place; the crop blanket comprises a self-floating material layer and seedlings, wherein root systems of the seedlings are coiled into root system layers in the self-floating material layer, and the root system layers are fully distributed on the self-floating material layer.

Further, the self-floating crop blanket comprises a universal substrate layer I and an inorganic self-floating substrate, wherein the universal substrate layer I is arranged on the upper layer of the inorganic self-floating substrate, seeds of seedlings are arranged between the universal substrate layer I and the inorganic self-floating substrate, root systems of the seedlings form root system layers between the universal substrate layer I and the inorganic self-floating substrate, the root system layers are fully distributed on the whole universal substrate layer I and the inorganic self-floating substrate, and a coiled root system layer is formed on the lower end face of the inorganic self-floating substrate.

Furthermore, the self-floating crop blanket is characterized in that the inorganic self-floating matrix is prepared by mixing inorganic floating particles and a general matrix layer I, wherein the inorganic floating particles can be inorganic self-floating materials with larger buoyancy, such as foam particles, ceramsite and the like, and the general matrix layer I can be prepared from a general culture matrix and a seedling culture matrix. The self-floating crop blanket changes the current situation that the traditional floating bed structure depends on floating carriers, the floating carriers inherent to the floating bed are integrated into zero, the small granular or massive floating inorganic materials and the general seedling raising matrix are used as materials to prepare the floating matrix which has the functions of both plant growth media and floating carriers of the floating bed, the bottom and middle layer pad film processes are used for promoting the plant underground parts to be tightly wound with each other and then fused with the floating matrix into a whole, so that the crop blanket with the root layer embedded with inorganic floating particles is formed, and the self-floating crop blanket has the advantages of simple preparation process, convenient assembly, reutilization of floating materials and high economy, and can be used for intensive aquaculture, agricultural non-point source pollution control and water environment treatment.

Further, the formula of the self-floating crop blanket comprises 20-60% of foam particles, 40-80% of universal seedling raising matrix and 7-20L of water per cubic unit.

Furthermore, in the self-floating crop blanket, an environment-friendly non-woven fabric is arranged between the universal matrix layer I and the inorganic self-floating matrix, and seeds of the seedlings are arranged between the universal matrix layer I and the environment-friendly non-woven fabric.

Further, the self-floating crop blanket comprises the self-floating material layer, the universal matrix layer II and the universal matrix layer III, wherein the self-floating material layer, the universal matrix layer II and the universal matrix layer III are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, seeds of seedlings are arranged between the universal matrix layer II and the universal matrix layer III, and the self-floating material is a plant body with large self-floating force and long self-floating time, such as triarrhena longifolia.

Further, the self-floating crop blanket is characterized in that the biological floating material is formed by sequentially arranging a group of triarrhena or other plant stems with large self-buoyancy and long self-floating time, the root system of the seedling is coiled among a group of triarrhena or a group of other plant stems with large self-buoyancy and long self-floating time to form a root system layer, the biological material is treated by coating two layers on the joint end by adopting waterproof coating, and the waterproof coating is polyacrylate.

Furthermore, in the self-floating crop blanket, the second universal substrate layer and the third universal substrate layer adopt universal cultivation substrates or seedling raising substrates.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the self-floating crop blanket, which comprises the following steps:

s1, assembling and debugging a seedling raising seeder: firstly, assembling a frame, adjusting supporting screws, ensuring that the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of a frame beam are horizontal, locking the supporting screws, sequentially installing a motor, a water spraying device, a hairbrush, a soil paving device, a soil covering device and a seeding device, and debugging after assembling a seedling raising and seeding machine;

s2, sieving a general matrix layer: the general matrix layer for raising seedling is firstly to be screened, the general matrix cannot contain sand and stones and metal impurities, the water content is not more than 20%, and the maximum diameter is not more than 5 mm;

s3, preparing a seedling raising tray: the 280 mm multiplied by 580 mm seedling raising tray is used, and the seedling raising tray is required to be unbroken and not deformed;

s4, water is received by the water spraying device: the sprinkler is connected with water sources such as a tap or a water tank, so that the sprinkler can normally operate when the seedling raising seeder operates;

s5, seed quantity adjustment: the seeding rate is adjusted by a rotary drum speed regulating motor control device, the seeding rate takes root systems on the self-floating material layer as a root system layer, and the root system layer is preferably fully distributed with the self-floating material layer;

S6, preparing an inorganic self-floating matrix: taking foam particles with the volume ratio of 20-60%, a universal matrix layer I with the volume ratio of 40-80% and water with the volume ratio of 7-20L per cube, mixing the foam particles with the universal matrix layer I according to the formula volume ratio in the preparation process, adding the water with the volume ratio of 7-20L per cube into the mixed matrix, turning over and throwing for 2-3 times to ensure uniform texture of the floating matrix, and naturally dispersing after loosening hands;

s7, cutting a plastic film: cutting a plastic film into 58cm multiplied by 28cm according to the size of a seedling tray, cutting the plastic film according to the size of the seedling tray, and spreading the plastic film in the seedling tray;

s8, cutting the environment-friendly non-woven fabric: the environment-friendly non-woven fabric is cut into 58cm multiplied by 28cm according to the size of a seedling raising tray. Spreading the cut environment-friendly non-woven fabric over an inorganic self-floating substrate, wherein the density of the environment-friendly non-woven fabric is not higher than 31.25g/m ² ；

S9, after preparation of S1-S7 is finished, a power supply is connected, a main power switch of the seedling raising and sowing machine is turned on, a motor switch and a water filling switch on a motor box panel are turned on, after the sowing machine starts to operate, a seedling raising tray can be conveyed, after the seedling raising tray starts to convey, a soil spreading box clutch, a sowing box speed regulator switch and a soil covering box clutch are respectively turned on, and the whole assembly line starts full-automatic seedling raising and sowing assembly line operation; wherein, 1 worker is arranged at the tail ends of the soil box, the soil box cover plate, the soil box sowing box and the conveyor belt for paving the bedding film, supplementing the general matrix for bedding, paving the environment-friendly non-woven fabric, supplementing the seeds for raising seedlings, supplementing the general matrix for covering the seeds, and timely conveying the prepared seedling plate to the open air or sunlight greenhouse for seedling management;

S10, daily management: the seedling raising trays are stacked and placed after the seeding and the soil covering are carried out for darkening treatment, the trays are arranged after the seedling emergence and are subjected to light-temperature water and fertilizer management, and the crop blanket is made into a standard that the underground parts of plants are mutually wound and integrated with the self-floating material layer, so that the overground parts of the plants grow well.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the self-floating crop blanket, which comprises the following steps:

s1, assembling and debugging a seedling raising seeder: firstly, assembling a frame, adjusting supporting screws, ensuring that the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of a frame beam are horizontal, locking the supporting screws, sequentially installing a motor, a water spraying device, a hairbrush, a soil paving device, a soil covering device and a seeding device, and debugging after assembling a seedling raising and seeding machine;

s2, sieving the second universal matrix layer and the third universal matrix layer: the second and third general matrix layers for raising seedling are to be screened, the general matrix cannot contain sand, stones and metal impurities, the water content is not more than 20%, and the maximum diameter is not more than 5 mm;

s3, preparing a seedling raising tray: the 280 mm multiplied by 580 mm seedling raising tray is used, and the seedling raising tray is required to be unbroken and not deformed;

s4, water is received by the water spraying device: the sprinkler is connected with water sources such as a tap or a water tank, so that the sprinkler can normally operate when the seedling raising assembly line operates;

S5, seed quantity adjustment: the seeding rate is mainly adjusted by a rotary drum speed regulating motor control device, and the seeding rate is suitable for a biological floating raft with a stable structure, wherein a root system can be tightly wound on the biological floating material;

s6, preparing biological floating materials: preparation of biological floating materials: cutting the stem of the biological floating material into 57cm long, coating polyacrylate on the section end section surface for two layers of waterproof treatment, and airing in a shade place for about 48 hours for later use;

s7, filling biological floating materials: filling biological floating materials side by side into a seedling raising tray, wherein the thickness of the biological floating materials is 2cm;

s8, after preparation of S1-S7 is finished, a power supply is connected, a main power supply switch of the rice seedling raising and sowing machine is turned on, a motor switch and a water filling switch on a motor box panel are turned on, after the sowing machine starts to operate, a seedling raising tray can be conveyed, after the seedling raising tray starts to convey, a soil spreading box clutch, a sowing box speed regulator switch and a soil covering box clutch are respectively turned on, and the whole assembly line starts full-automatic seedling raising and sowing assembly line operation; wherein, 1 worker is arranged at the tail end of each of the soil spreading box, the sowing box, the soil covering box tray and the conveying belt for supplementing a general matrix for bedding, supplementing seeds for raising seedlings, supplementing a general matrix for covering seeds, and timely conveying the prepared seedling trays to an open air or sunlight greenhouse for seedling management;

S9, daily management: the seedling raising trays are stacked and placed after seeding and earthing for darkening treatment, the trays are arranged after seedling emergence and are subjected to light-temperature water and fertilizer management, and crop carpets are manufactured into a standard that root systems are tightly wound on biological floating materials to form a biological floating raft with a stable structure, and meanwhile, overground parts of plants grow well.

The technical scheme can be seen that the invention has the following beneficial effects: the self-floating crop blanket disclosed by the invention gets rid of the frame-type or panel-type floating carrier of the traditional floating bed by changing the structure of the floating bed, solves the series problems of complex process, labor and time consumption in transplanting, difficult water surface laying and the like caused by the separation of floating bodies and plants, has the advantages of simple preparation process, no assembling difficulty, reutilization of floating body materials and economic benefit, and can be used for water environment treatment such as aquaculture tail water purification, agricultural non-point source pollution control and the like; the 'biological floating material' formed by winding plant root systems around the biological floating material replaces the PE floating material of the traditional floating bed, has the advantages of convenient recovery and strong recycling utilization, and simultaneously does not have micro-plastic transmission threatening the health and safety of human beings. The biological floating material in the crop blanket based on the biological floating material can provide an attachment space for microbial flora, so that the denitrification capability of microorganisms in the system is enhanced, and the nitrogen purification efficiency is greatly improved. The crop blanket can be subjected to daily management after being fully automatically manufactured by utilizing a crop seedling raising assembly line, and has the advantages of simplicity in operation, convenience in management, low maintenance cost and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of a first embodiment of a self-floating crop blanket according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a crop blanket according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a crop blanket according to an embodiment of the present invention in a first seedling stage;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at B in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a crop blanket according to an embodiment of the present invention when applied in a water area;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at C in FIG. 6;

fig. 8 is a bottom view of a first embodiment of a crop blanket according to the invention;

FIG. 9 is a top view of a second embodiment of a self-floating crop blanket according to the invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a second breeding stage of the crop blanket embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 10A in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a second seedling stage of an embodiment of a crop blanket according to the present invention;

FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at B in FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of a crop blanket embodiment of the present invention in a two-phase construction;

FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 14C in accordance with the present invention;

fig. 16 is a bottom view of a second embodiment of a crop blanket according to the invention;

FIG. 17 is a graph showing the floating rate of the water-based waterproof paint of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a graph showing the comparison of the floating rate of the emulsion type waterproof paint of the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a graph showing the change of water content per unit volume of triarrhena sonchifolia with different thicknesses of the waterproof coating according to the invention;

FIG. 20 shows foam escape rates of self-floating rice seedlings in different environment-friendly non-woven fabric coverage modes;

fig. 21-23 are physical diagrams of the crop blanket of the present invention in actual use.

In the figure: fence 1, crop blanket 2, self-floating material layer 21, general substrate layer one 211, inorganic self-floating substrate 212, seedling 22, root layer 23, environment-friendly non-woven fabric 24, biological floating material 25, general substrate layer two 26, general substrate layer three 27, plastic film 100, seedling raising tray 200 and plant seeds 300.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly defined.

In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

Embodiment one: self-floating rice blanket prepared by using 0.5cm foam particles as inorganic floating particles

As shown in figures 1-8 and 9, the self-floating crop blanket can adopt foam particles with the diameter of 0.5cm as inorganic floating particles for preparing self-floating matrixes, wherein the thickness range of the inorganic self-floating matrixes is 2cm, and the density of the environment-friendly non-woven fabric is less than or equal to 31.25g/m ² The thickness of the universal matrix layer was 0.8cm.

The formula of the inorganic self-floating matrix is 40% of foam particles with the diameter of 0.5cm and 60% of general seedling matrix by volume ratio, and the preparation process is that the two materials are mixed according to the formula volume ratio, then 15L of water is added for turning and throwing for 2-3 times, and the standard is that the floating matrix has uniform texture, can be clustered by hand, and can be naturally dispersed after loosening hands. The inorganic self-floating matrix can be newly manufactured, or can be prepared by utilizing the residual stubble of the crop blanket, wherein the preparation of the prepared floating matrix is to firstly salvage and collect the crop blanket and ferment the crop blanket, then determine the actual volume ratio of the floatable synthetic material and the matrix, and then quantitatively adjust the floating matrix according to the formula of the floating matrix. Formulation experiments for inorganic self-floating matrices are shown below.

In addition, the seeds of the seedlings are between the universal matrix layer one 211 and the inorganic self-floating matrix 212; an environment-friendly non-woven fabric can be arranged between the universal substrate layer one 211 and the inorganic self-floating substrate 212, and at the moment, seeds of seedlings are positioned between the environment-friendly non-woven fabric and the universal substrate one 211. The inorganic float material escape prevention test of the self-floating crop blanket is as follows.

The preparation of the self-floating crop blanket can be finished by a manual or seedling raising seeder.

The preparation of the self-floating crop blanket can be completed manually, and comprises the following steps:

s1, cutting a plastic film: cutting a plastic film into 58cm multiplied by 28cm according to the size of a seedling tray;

s2, paving a bottom pad film: cutting a plastic film according to the size of a seedling raising tray, and then spreading the plastic film in the seedling raising tray;

s3, manufacturing an inorganic self-floating matrix 212: taking foam particles with the volume ratio of 20-60%, a universal matrix layer I211 with the volume ratio of 40-80% and water with the volume ratio of 7-20L per cube, mixing an inorganic self-floating matrix 212 and the universal matrix layer I211 according to the formula volume ratio in the preparation process, adding a proper amount of water into each cube mixed matrix, turning over for 2-3 times to ensure that the floating matrix has uniform texture, holding the mixture to form clusters, and naturally dispersing after loosening hands;

s4, filling inorganic self-floating matrix 212: filling inorganic self-floating matrix 212 into a seedling raising tray paved with a plastic film, wherein the thickness is 2cm;

s5, cutting the environment-friendly non-woven fabric: cutting the environment-friendly non-woven fabric 24 into 58cm multiplied by 28cm according to the size of a seedling raising tray;

s6, arranging an environment-friendly non-woven fabric 24: spreading the cut environment-friendly non-woven fabric 24 over the inorganic self-floating substrate 212, wherein the density of the environment-friendly non-woven fabric 24 is not higher than 31.25g/m ² ；

S7, sowing: after seed soaking and germination accelerating, uniformly sowing seeds on the environment-friendly non-woven fabric 24, wherein the sowing density is preferably capable of packing;

s8, covering a seed matrix: uniformly covering the first universal substrate layer 211 above the plant seeds, wherein the thickness of the first universal substrate layer is about 0.5 cm-1.0 cm;

s9, daily management: the seedling raising trays are stacked and placed after the seeding and the soil covering are carried out for darkening treatment, the trays are arranged after the seedling emergence and are subjected to light-temperature water and fertilizer management, and the crop blanket is made into a standard that the underground parts of plants are mutually wound and integrated with the self-floating material layer 21, so that the overground parts of the plants grow well.

The preparation of the self-floating crop blanket can be completed by a seedling raising seeder, and comprises the following steps:

s1, assembling and debugging a seedling raising seeder: firstly, assembling a frame, adjusting supporting screws, ensuring that the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of a frame beam are horizontal, locking the supporting screws, and then sequentially installing a motor, a water spraying device, a hairbrush, a soil paving device, a soil covering device and a seeding device; debugging is carried out after the seedling raising planter is assembled;

s2, sieving a common substrate layer one 211: the first universal substrate layer 211 for raising seedling needs to be screened, the universal substrate cannot be provided with sand, stones and metal impurities, the water content is not more than 20%, and the maximum diameter is not more than 5 mm;

S3, preparing a seedling raising tray: the 280 mm multiplied by 580 mm seedling raising tray is used, and the seedling raising tray is required to be unbroken and not deformed;

s4, water is received by the water spraying device: the sprinkler is connected with water sources such as a tap or a water tank, so that the sprinkler can normally operate when the seedling raising seeder operates;

s5, seed quantity adjustment: the seeding rate is adjusted by the control device of the rotary drum speed regulating motor, the seeding rate takes root systems to be coiled on the self-floating material layer as a root system layer, and the root system layer is preferably fully distributed with the self-floating material layer.

S6, manufacturing an inorganic self-floating matrix 212: taking foam particles with the volume ratio of 20% -60%, a universal matrix layer one 211 with the volume ratio of 40% -80% and water with the volume ratio of 7L-20L per cube, mixing the foam particles with the universal matrix layer one 211 according to the formula volume ratio in the preparation process, adding a proper amount of water into each cube of mixed matrix, turning over and throwing for 2-3 times to ensure uniform texture of the floating matrix, holding the floating matrix by hands to form clusters, and naturally spreading after loosening hands;

s7, cutting a plastic film: cutting a plastic film into 58cm multiplied by 28cm according to the size of a seedling tray, and cutting an environment-friendly non-woven fabric: cutting the environment-friendly non-woven fabric (24) into 58cm multiplied by 28cm according to the size of a seedling raising tray;

s8, after preparation of S1-S7 is finished, a power supply is connected, a main power switch of the seedling raising and sowing machine is turned on, a motor switch and a water filling switch on a motor box panel are turned on, after the sowing machine starts to operate, a seedling raising tray can be conveyed, after the seedling raising tray starts to convey, a soil spreading box clutch, a sowing box speed regulator switch and a soil covering box clutch are respectively turned on, and the whole assembly line starts full-automatic seedling raising and sowing assembly line operation; wherein, 1 worker is arranged at the tail ends of the soil box, the soil box cover plate, the soil box sowing box and the conveyor belt for paving the bedding film, supplementing the general matrix for bedding, paving the environment-friendly non-woven fabric, supplementing the seeds for raising seedlings, supplementing the general matrix for covering the seeds, and timely conveying the prepared seedling plate to the open air or sunlight greenhouse for seedling management;

S9, daily management: the seedling raising trays are stacked and placed after the seeding and the soil covering are carried out for darkening treatment, the trays are arranged after the seedling emergence and are subjected to light-temperature water and fertilizer management, and the crop blanket is made into a standard that the underground parts of plants are mutually wound and integrated with the self-floating material layer (21), so that the overground parts of the plants grow well. The seedlings 22 to be grown are not limited to rice seedlings, and are suitable for aquatic or terrestrial plant varieties growing in water, have strong plant growth capacity and large root biomass, and have good morphology and certain economic and landscape values.

Formulation test of inorganic self-floating matrix 212:

the floatable synthetic material and the general seedling substrate are mixed according to a certain volume ratio to form the self-floating matrix. Because the floatable synthetic material has lower density, is easy to gather above the general seedling raising matrix, is not easy to form self-floating matrix with uniform density, and is unfavorable for the stability of the later self-floating blanket, the density uniformity of the self-floating blanket is ensured by adding a certain amount of water into the inorganic self-floating matrix. The water addition amounts of the self-floating matrixes under different volume ratios of the floatable synthetic materials are shown in table 1, wherein the mass of the self-floating matrixes in table is exemplified by 1 cubic meter of inorganic self-floating matrixes. The higher the volume ratio of the floatable synthetic material under the same particle size is, the lower the water adding amount which is uniform in the corresponding self-floating matrix; the larger the particle size of the floatable synthetic material, the less the corresponding self-floating matrix has uniform texture and water addition.

TABLE 1 foam Duplex Water Adaptation (Unit: L) for different particle size foam Duplex

Floatable synthetic materials with different particle sizes and general seedling substrates can float on the water surface after being mixed according to different volume ratios, and the floatability states of all treatments are shown in table 2. The self-floating substrate mass in Table 2 is exemplified by the substrate mass of a rice seedling tray of unit specification of 58cm by 28cm, and the substrate is generally 2cm thick.

TABLE 2 self-aerosol buoyancy at different particle size foam ratios

Note that: "+" indicates that the mixed matrix is in a suspended state and "++" indicates that the mixed matrix is in a floating state. All are in good condition.

The self-floating rice blanket seedling raising test is carried out by using self-floating matrixes with different volume ratios of floatable synthetic materials, and the stability and the storm resistance of the rice self-floating blanket can be enhanced by adopting proper plant height, stem base width and seedling biomass, so that the rice blanket seedling is examined, and the result shows that: the plant height is T2 > T3 > T4 > T1 > T5, and the stem base width is T2 > T4 > T1 > T5 > T3 under different treatments. The number of seedlings obtained under different treatments is not obviously different from the dry weight of the overground and underground parts. The plant height in the packing period is higher, and the larger stem base width can enhance the stability of the self-floating blanket of the rice.

Table 3 ratio of foam to matrix volume to determine seedling quality in packing period of rice blanket seedlings (per seedling tray, the same applies below)

And (3) injection: the different lower case letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05), as follows.

The floatability of the T2 treated rice blanket seedling in the water planting period is good. As shown in Table 4, the seedling plate stably floats on the water surface for the longest period of 38d under the T2 treatment, and the whole rice growth period is not immersed in the bottom of the culture frame. T1, T3, T4 and T5 did not sink to the bottom of the culture frame during the whole rice growth period, but fell after stably floating on the water surface 1d, 10d, 21d, 10 d. The reason is that: the floatable synthetic material amount is small, namely T1 treatment is performed, and the gravity of a substrate layer is too large, so that the buoyancy of the carpet is insufficient, and the carpet still floats in water, but the stability is influenced; the floating amount of the floatable synthetic materials is large, namely T3, T4 and T5 are treated, and the gravity of a substrate layer is too small, so that the buoyancy of the carpet is large, and the carpet is not beneficial to stability.

Table 4 foam to matrix volume ratio to rice blanket seedling hydroponic stage floatability

Table 5 Standard of Water planting period of Rice carpet seedling and corresponding symbol description (1 time observation per 5 d)

Note that: "++, +, ＊＊" and "＊" are good carpet and "—" or "〤" are bad, and water culture is stopped at this time.

In conclusion, the inorganic self-floating matrix is formed by mixing the self-floating synthetic material and the universal seedling matrix in a volume ratio of 40% to 60%, and 15L of water is added into each cube for uniform mixing, so that the rice self-floating blanket is best cultivated.

Inorganic float escape control test of self-floating crop blanket:

the self-floating matrix is covered or fully wrapped by environment-friendly non-woven fabric to reduce foam escape of the self-floating crop blanket. Wherein, CK is not provided with environment-friendly non-woven fabrics. W1 is an environment-friendly non-woven fabric covering method, mixed matrixes of a rice seedling tray assembly line are packed, and the environment-friendly non-woven fabric which is cut into 58cm multiplied by 28cm is manually placed before assembly line sowing, wherein the density of the environment-friendly non-woven fabric is 50g/m 2. W2 is an environment-friendly non-woven fabric full-wrapping method, the environment-friendly non-woven fabric cut into 70cm multiplied by 40cm is put in along the rice seedling tray, a plurality of non-woven fabrics are reversely folded at the bottom of the seedling tray, then the seedling tray paved with the environment-friendly non-woven fabric is filled with self-floating matrix through a production line, the seedling tray is taken down, the environment-friendly non-woven fabric is sealed and sewed along the edge of the seedling tray by using a hand-held sewing machine, and the self-floating matrix is ensured to be wrapped in the environment-friendly non-woven fabric. The management method of the self-floating blanket of the rice is the same as the conventional management method. The synthetic material escape rate of the bred rice self-floating blanket is observed in a water planting frame for 126d, and the result shows that two different environment-friendly non-woven fabric coverage modes can effectively reduce the self-floating matrix foam escape rate, wherein the foam escape is not generated in the W2 treatment, and the foam escape rate of the W1 treatment is obviously reduced by 38.11 percent compared with that of the CK treatment.

The foam escape rate of the self-floating rice blanket in the different environment-friendly non-woven fabric coverage modes is shown in fig. 20. The different coverage modes of the environment-friendly non-woven fabrics have no significance to the growth of seedlings in the packing period of the rice blanket seedlings. As shown in table 6, the number of seedlings, leaf age, plant height and dry weight of the underground part of each treatment of the environment-friendly non-woven fabric were not significantly different from those of CK treatment; the dry weight of the aerial parts of the W2 treatment was maximum, up to 123.10g, and was significantly different from the CK treatment, but the W1 treatment was not significantly different from the CK treatment.

TABLE 6 influence of Environment-friendly nonwoven coverage on seedling quality in packing period of self-floating rice blanket seedlings

At the end of the hydroponic period, the seedling quality of each treatment is shown in table 7. After the water planting period of 126d, the number of seedlings formed by the W1 treatment is 1646, which is obviously higher than that of the CK treatment and the W2 treatment, wherein the difference between the number of seedlings formed by the W2 treatment and the CK treatment is not obvious, but is higher than that of the CK treatment, which is probably due to the fact that the stability of the rice seedling sheet is increased after the environment-friendly non-woven fabric is covered, so that the capability of the rice seedling sheet for resisting severe weather is improved, and the number of seedlings formed by the seedling sheet reduced due to lodging is reduced; and W2 treatment can be due to the full package of environment-friendly non-woven fabrics, so that seedlings need to pass through the double-layer environment-friendly non-woven fabrics to influence the growth of root systems of the seedlings, and the number of seedlings is reduced.

The W2 treatment, the W1 treatment and the CK treatment were the W2 treatment with the greatest plant height, the stem base width and the dry weight of the aerial parts, and the W1 treatment was the greatest dry weight of the underground parts.

TABLE 7 influence of Environment-friendly nonwoven coverage on seedling quality in packing period of self-floating rice blanket seedlings

The number of floating days of W1 and W2 treatment at the end of the water culture period is increased compared with that of CK.

TABLE 8 influence of Environment-friendly nonwoven fabric coverage on floating days in hydroponic period of self-floating rice blanket seedling

In summary, the environment-friendly non-woven fabric covering method and the environment-friendly non-woven fabric full-wrapping method can effectively reduce the escape rate of the floatable material of the self-floating crop blanket from the foam of the floating matrix, and the operation is simple and convenient, the self-floating crop blanket under the environment-friendly non-woven fabric covering method has longer stable floatable time, but the difference of the floating days is not obvious compared with the floating days under the environment-friendly non-woven fabric covering method.

Embodiment two: self-floating crop blanket made of triarrhena as biological floating material

The self-floating crop blanket shown in figures 1 and 9-16 is prepared by using triarrhena as a biological material, and the specific steps can be finished by a manual or seedling raising seeder, and the specific method is as follows:

1) Seed soaking of rice

Because the swelling rate of rice seeds is related to the air temperature, the rice seeds are soaked by combining the local air temperature and the rice planting period, and the specific soaking time is as follows: when the air temperature is 20 ℃, the seed soaking time is 72 hours; when the air temperature is 25 ℃, the seed soaking time is 48-60 hours; when the air temperature is 30 ℃, the seed soaking time is 36-40 h. After seed soaking, the seeds are fished out and drained, spread on the ground, the thickness is less than or equal to 10cm, the heat is preserved, the seeds are uniformly turned over for 24 hours, the seeds are sown on a production line after the rice seeds are exposed to white in the morning and evening for 2 days. The rice seed soaking should be carried out by adding into the rice seed 5kg for example, the seed soaking agent is 17% cartap ethylicin 25g, cyhalothrin 3ml,20% imidacloprid emulsion 5ml.

2) Installation and adjustment of rice seedling raising seeder

The assembling and adjusting of the planter is performed by referring to the assembling and adjusting mode of the rice seedling raising planter in the first embodiment. The debugging standard of the rice seedling raising pipeline is as follows: the floating substrate of the seedling tray 200 after passing through the soil spreading hopper has a flat surface and a thickness of about 0.5-cm-1.0 cm; the water spraying device sprays water uniformly, and the substrate in the seedling tray 200 is in a wet state after passing through the water spraying device; after the seedling tray 200 passes through the seeding hopper, the rice seeds can uniformly fall on the surface of the buoyancy substrate according to a set amount; the surface of the seedling raising substrate of the seedling raising tray 200 passing through the soil covering bin is flush with the height of the seedling raising tray 200 and has a flat surface.

3) Self-floating rice blanket

The triarrhena stems treated by the polyacrylate polymer waterproof membrane section ends (the screening of the polymer waterproof membrane materials with the triarrhena stems floating and the proper dosage test of the polymer waterproof membrane materials with the triarrhena stems floating are shown below) are parallelly discharged into the seedling raising tray 200 paved with the medium-density plastic film 100 in advance, after the debugging is finished, a switch of a seeder is opened, the seeder starts to operate, and at the moment, a special person is respectively responsible for conveying the seedling raising tray 200 filled with the triarrhena stems, supplementing a soil paving matrix, ensuring sufficient water source supply, supplementing rice seeds, supplementing a soil covering matrix, and timely conveying the sown rice seedling raising tray 200 to a greenhouse or an open field for management. And (3) placing the formed seedling trays 200 into a stack of 20 seedling trays 200 for darkening, covering the empty seedling trays 200 at the uppermost part, placing the trays after 80% of rice seedlings emerge, performing warm light water and fertilizer management, and finishing the preparation of the crop blanket when the rice root system is tightly wound on triarrhena silvergrass stems to form a stable-structure biological floating raft and the overground parts of plants grow well.

Screening test of triarrhena stem floating-increasing high-molecular waterproof membrane materials:

materials and methods

Cutting out small sections with length of 16 cm from the biological material triarrhena, coating the sections with water dosage form (epoxy resin) and emulsion type (polyacrylate) polymer material respectively, and taking the sections without any treatment as a control. A total of 3 treatments, each treatment repeated 5 times. All the above materials were put in a blue plastic frame and incubated with clear water (inner diameter 340 mm. Times.230. Mm. Times.65. Mm), and their floatability was observed.

Results and analysis:

FIGS. 17 and 18 show the floatation rate of triarrhena after water treatment with different polymer materials. The emulsion type polyacrylate polymer film material has the best floating increasing effect after the triarrhena cut surface is treated. The total floating water surface of triarrhena is about 90 d, the water adding days are 63.4 d, 53.1 d and 50.2 d when the floating rate is 50%, the triarrhena is 3 d and 13 d (water adding 3 d) respectively compared with the water adding treatment and the CK after the emulsion treatment.

Conclusion: the emulsion type polyacrylate polymer film material has the best floating increasing effect after the triarrhena cut surface is treated.

And (3) testing the proper dosage of the triarrhena stem floating-increasing high-molecular waterproof membrane material:

Materials and methods

The cut surface of triarrhena is coated with emulsion type waterproof paint (polyacrylate) in 1, 2, 3 and 4 layers, and marked as T1, T2, T3 and T4, and the non-waterproof paint is used as contrast, 5 treatments are carried out, and each treatment is repeated for 3 times. The above treatments were placed in a beaker (gauge: 5L) and incubated with clear water, the floatability was observed, and the water content per unit volume was calculated by weighing it every 15 d.

Results and analysis:

FIG. 19 shows the water content variation per unit volume of triarrhena for different polymer material thicknesses. The emulsion type polyacrylate polymer film material has the best floating increasing effect on 2 layers of triarrhena cut surfaces, and can prolong the floating days by 44 d compared with CK. The whole section of the water surface of the triarrhena is floated for about 90d, and the water content per unit volume of the triarrhena is smaller than that of the CK treatment under the T2 treatment in the observation period. The water content of the triarrhena under T2 treatment is subjected to logarithmic fitting under different water inflow time by taking the water inflow days as the abscissa and the water content of the triarrhena under T2 treatment as the ordinate, and the water content of the triarrhena under CK treatment is known to be 0.95 g/cm < 3 >, so that the triarrhena under T2 treatment can float to 134 d.

Conclusion: the emulsion type polyacrylate polymer film material has the best floating increasing effect on 2 layers of silvergrass cut surface coating.

Embodiment III: application of subsurface self-floating crop blanket with different surface water accumulation

The crop blanket based on the first embodiment or the second embodiment can be properly arranged according to different application places, when the application places are farmland drainage ditches, a single sheet or a plurality of self-floating crop blanket are connected and placed, the connection placing mode can utilize knotting between seedlings, the bottom of the ditch of the single sheet or the plurality of connected crop blanket is fixed, a thin bamboo rod which is about 10cm long and is connected with one end of a twine with a depth greater than the ditch penetrates through the center of the crop blanket to fix the crop blanket, one end is tied with the brick to be placed at the bottom of the ditch, and the crop blanket is relatively fixed in a certain range and drifts along with water (as shown in fig. 21); when the application places are small water surfaces such as an aquaculture pond, a purified ecological pond and the like, the self-floating crop blanket is directly put into the water body after the range can be defined (as shown in figure 22); when the application place is a large water surface with a great wind height, the crop carpets are arranged and arranged in a rectangular array manner in the area surrounded by the fence (as shown in fig. 23).

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it should be noted that modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention, which modifications would also be considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A self-floating crop blanket, characterized in that: consists of a group of crop carpets (2), wherein the crop carpets (2) are connected with each other and arranged in the water; the crop blanket (2) comprises a self-floating material layer (21) and seedlings (22), root systems of the seedlings (22) are coiled into root system layers (23) on the self-floating material layer (21), and the root system layers (23) are fully distributed on the self-floating material layer (21);

the self-floating material layer (21) comprises a universal matrix layer one (211) and an inorganic self-floating matrix (212), the universal matrix layer one (211) is arranged on the upper layer of the inorganic self-floating matrix (212), seeds of the seedlings (22) are arranged between the universal matrix layer one (211) and the inorganic self-floating matrix (212), root systems of the seedlings (22) form root system layers (23) in the universal matrix layer one (211) and the inorganic self-floating matrix (212), and the root system layers (23) are distributed on the whole universal matrix layer one (211) and the inorganic self-floating matrix (212);

the inorganic self-floating matrix (212) is prepared by mixing inorganic floating particles and a general matrix, wherein the inorganic floating particles are made of inorganic materials with large self-floating force, the inorganic materials comprise foam particles or ceramsite, and the general matrix is made of a general seedling raising matrix or a general seedling raising matrix;

The formula of the inorganic self-floating matrix (212) comprises 20-60% of foam particles, 40-80% of universal matrix and 7-20L of water per cubic unit;

an environment-friendly non-woven fabric (24) with penetrable root systems is arranged between the universal matrix layer (211) and the inorganic self-floating matrix (212), and seeds of the seedlings (22) are arranged between the universal matrix layer (211) and the environment-friendly non-woven fabric (24).

2. A self-floating crop blanket, characterized in that: consists of a group of crop carpets (2), wherein the crop carpets (2) are connected with each other and arranged in the water; the crop blanket (2) comprises a self-floating material layer (21) and seedlings (22), root systems of the seedlings (22) are coiled into root system layers (23) on the self-floating material layer (21), and the root system layers (23) are fully distributed on the self-floating material layer (21);

the self-floating material layer (21) comprises a biological floating material (25), a second universal substrate layer (26) and a third universal substrate layer (27), wherein the biological floating material (25), the second universal substrate layer (26) and the third universal substrate layer (27) are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, seeds of seedlings (22) are arranged between the second universal substrate layer (26) and the third universal substrate layer (27), the biological floating material (25) is one of plant bodies with large self-buoyancy and long self-floating time and comprises triarrhena, and the second universal substrate layer (26) and the third universal substrate layer (27) are all universal seedling raising substrates or universal seedling raising substrates;

The biological floating material (25) is formed by sequentially and longitudinally arranging triarrhena stems with large self-buoyancy and long self-buoyancy time, root systems of the seedlings (22) are wound and coiled between the biological floating material and a general matrix to form root system layers (23), a notch of the biological floating material is sealed by waterproof coating to increase buoyancy, and the waterproof coating is polyacrylate.

3. The method of making a self-floating crop blanket of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, assembling and debugging a seedling raising seeder: firstly, assembling a frame, adjusting supporting screws, ensuring that the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of a frame beam are horizontal, locking the supporting screws, sequentially installing a motor, a water spraying device, a hairbrush, a soil paving device, a soil covering device and a seeding device, and debugging after assembling a seedling raising and seeding machine;

s2, sieving a universal matrix layer I (211) in the inorganic self-floating matrix (212), wherein sand and metal impurities cannot be carried, the water content is not more than 20%, and the maximum diameter is not more than 5 mm;

s3, preparing a seedling raising tray: the 280 mm multiplied by 580 mm seedling raising tray is used, and the seedling raising tray is required to be unbroken and not deformed;

s4, water is received by the water spraying device: the sprinkler is connected with a tap or a water tank, so that the sprinkler can normally operate when the seedling raising seeder operates;

S5, seed quantity adjustment: the seeding rate is adjusted by a rotary drum speed regulating motor control device, the seeding rate takes root systems on the self-floating material layer as a root system layer, and the root system layer is preferably fully distributed with the self-floating material layer;

s6, manufacturing an inorganic self-floating matrix (212): the foam particles account for 20-60% of the volume ratio and the general matrix accounts for 40-80% of the volume ratio, in the preparation process, after the foam particles and the general matrix are mixed according to the formula volume ratio, 7L-20L of water is added into each cubic mixed matrix, and the mixture is turned over for 2-3 times, so that the uniform texture of the floating matrix is ensured, the floating matrix can be agglomerated by hand holding, and the floating matrix can be naturally dispersed after the hands are loosened;

s7, cutting a plastic film: cutting a plastic film into 58cm multiplied by 28cm according to the size of a seedling tray, and then spreading the plastic film in the seedling tray after cutting the plastic film according to the size of the seedling tray;

s8, cutting the environment-friendly non-woven fabric: cutting environment-friendly non-woven fabric (24) according to the size of seedling raising tray to 58cm×28cm, spreading above inorganic self-floating matrix (212), and keeping the density of the environment-friendly non-woven fabric (24) not higher than 31.25g/m ² ；

S9, after preparation of S1-S8 is finished, a power supply is connected, a main power switch of the seedling raising and sowing machine is turned on, a motor switch and a water sprinkling switch on a motor box panel are turned on, after the sowing machine starts to operate, a seedling raising tray starts to be conveyed, after the seedling raising tray starts to convey, a soil spreading box clutch, a sowing box speed regulator switch and a soil covering box clutch are respectively turned on, and the whole assembly line starts full-automatic seedling raising and sowing assembly line operation; wherein, 1 worker is arranged at the tail ends of the soil box, the soil box cover plate, the soil box sowing box and the conveyor belt for paving the bedding film, supplementing the general matrix for bedding, paving the environment-friendly non-woven fabric, supplementing the seeds for raising seedlings, supplementing the general matrix for covering the seeds, and timely conveying the prepared seedling plate to the open air or sunlight greenhouse for seedling management;

S10, daily management: the seedling raising trays are stacked and placed after the seeding and the soil covering are carried out for darkening treatment, the trays are arranged after the seedling emergence and are subjected to light-temperature water and fertilizer management, and the crop blanket is made into a standard that the underground parts of plants are mutually wound and integrated with the self-floating material layer (21), so that the overground parts of the plants grow well.

4. The method of making a self-floating crop blanket according to claim 2, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, assembling and debugging a seedling raising seeder: firstly, assembling a frame, adjusting supporting screws, ensuring that the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of a frame beam are horizontal, locking the supporting screws, sequentially installing a motor, a water spraying device, a hairbrush, a soil paving device, a soil covering device and a seeding device, and debugging after assembling a seedling raising and seeding machine;

s2, screening a second general matrix layer (26) and a third general matrix layer (27) for raising seedlings, wherein sand and stones and metal impurities cannot be contained, the water content is not more than 20%, and the maximum diameter is not more than 5 mm;

s3, preparing a seedling raising tray: the 280 mm multiplied by 580 mm seedling raising tray is used, and the seedling raising tray is required to be unbroken and not deformed;

s4, water is received by the water spraying device: the sprinkler is connected with a tap or a water tank, so that the sprinkler can normally operate when the seedling raising assembly line operates;

S5, seed quantity adjustment: the seeding rate is mainly adjusted by a rotary drum speed regulating motor control device, and the seeding rate is suitable for a biological floating raft with a stable structure, wherein a root system can be tightly wound on the biological floating material;

s6, preparing biological floating materials (25): cutting the stem of the biological floating material (25) into 57cm long, coating polyacrylate on the section end section surface for two layers of waterproof treatment, and airing in a shade place for about 48 hours for later use;

s7, filling biological floating materials (25): filling the biological floating materials (25) subjected to the water-proof coating treatment of the section end section surface into a seedling raising tray side by side, wherein the thickness is 2cm;

s8, after preparation of S1-S7 is finished, a power supply is connected, a main power switch of the seedling raising and sowing machine is turned on, a motor switch and a water sprinkling switch on a motor box panel are turned on, after the sowing machine starts to operate, a seedling raising tray starts to be conveyed, after the seedling raising tray starts to convey, a soil spreading box clutch, a sowing box speed regulator switch and a soil covering box clutch are respectively turned on, and the whole assembly line starts full-automatic seedling raising and sowing assembly line operation; wherein, 1 worker is arranged at the tail end of each of the soil spreading box, the sowing box, the soil covering box tray and the conveying belt for supplementing a general matrix for bedding, supplementing seeds for raising seedlings, supplementing a general matrix for covering seeds, and timely conveying the prepared seedling trays to an open air or sunlight greenhouse for seedling management;

S9, daily management: the seedling raising trays are stacked and placed after seeding and earthing for darkening treatment, the trays are arranged after seedling emergence and are subjected to light-temperature water and fertilizer management, and crop carpets are manufactured into a standard that root systems are tightly wound on biological floating materials to form a biological floating raft with a stable structure, and meanwhile, overground parts of plants grow well.

Images