CN107926192A - A kind of method of air and irrigation water input cadmium in removal rice field - Google Patents
A kind of method of air and irrigation water input cadmium in removal rice field Download PDFInfo
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- CN107926192A CN107926192A CN201711275794.2A CN201711275794A CN107926192A CN 107926192 A CN107926192 A CN 107926192A CN 201711275794 A CN201711275794 A CN 201711275794A CN 107926192 A CN107926192 A CN 107926192A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/84—Biological processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
- C02F3/325—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae as symbiotic combination of algae and bacteria
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/06—Polluted air
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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Abstract
The method of air and irrigation water input cadmium in rice field is removed the invention discloses a kind of, the artificial infection of biological breadcrust introduces a collection in rice field, is cultivated biological breadcrust by it, make its fast-growth, absorb heavy metal cadmium, maturation later stage to be grown, waterflooding is kept, skinning floats naturally, and farmland is removed by fishing for.Specifically comprise the following steps：1) well-developed natural biology skinning is selected, shovel takes top layer skinning cortex；2) biological breadcrust of collection is dried in the shade and crushed after impurity removing, be sufficiently stirred mixing and biological breadcrust introduces a collection is made；3) after the biological breadcrust introduces a collection of preparation is mixed in proportion with fine earth, be uniformly spread on native table to be seeded, after the completion of pour water, field capacity is maintained at 70~80%；4) suitable condition is controlled to promote biological breadcrust growth；5) after skinning maturation, float naturally under solar irradiation, carry out draining at this time, skinning flows out rice field with current.The biological breadcrust that the present invention is formed has the function of significantly to absorb cadmium in fixed rice field.
Description
Technical field
It is particularly a kind of to be given birth to using rice field biological breadcrust the present invention relates to a kind of method for removing heavy metal in water body environment
Thing group removes the method for air and irrigation water input cadmium in rice field.
Background technology
Because mine smelts, chemical enterprise inputs heavy metal contaminants by diversified forms to Agricultural land system for a long time, plus fertilizer
The entrance of heavy metal in material, causes China large area arable land by heavy metal pollution, serious threat to the grain in China and its
Its agricultural product security.According to statistics, cultivated area nearly 2 thousand ten thousand hm of the China by heavy metal pollution2, account for the 1/5 of total cultivated area
(Luo Yongming, 2006).Wherein, transfer ability is strong in the soil for cadmium, easily into food chain, huge poison can be produced to organism and is made
With (Sun, 2016).In China in by the soil of cadmium pollution, only agricultural land soil area is just more than 200,000 hm2, cadmium is produced every year
The exceeded agricultural product of content are up to 14.6 × 108Kg (Song Wenen, 2014).
Hunan Province is the most typical heavy metal pollution area in the whole nation, its pollute arable land be concentrated mainly on Xiangjiang River basin and Xiang Nan,
" a line two panels " in the western Hunan and Dongting Lake region.Do not have substantial amounts of mine in Lower Xiangjiang and Lake Dongting area to exist, still
Arable land still remains serious heavy metal pollution, shows that its primary pollution source comes from irrigation water.Many studies have shown that irrigating region is native
Heavy metal and organic pollution content in earth apparently higher than background value be even more than national standard (Zhou Xiuyan, 2006；Liu is small
Nanmu, 2009), different degrees of soil pollution is formd, and as the growth of irrigation time is in the trend gradually aggravated.Wu Guozhen
(2002) by Baiyin City sewage irrigation area agricultural land soil carry out researching determining, show sewage irrigation area farmland Cu, Pb, Zn,
Cd, As have been severely exceeded, and soil is subject to the serious pollution of heavy metal.Wang Li (2006) is in Shenyang Suburbs irrigating region soil
The pollution situation of heavy metal cadmium is investigated, the results showed that by 10 years or so stop fill and feed ditch transformation etc. measure, the area
Dirt filling paddy soil top layer Cd contents are still higher, and pollution level, which is still in, stops the level before ploughing.In Lower Xiangjiang arable land, soil
The element of heavy metals exceeding standard is basically identical with Heavy Metals In Xiangjiang River Water in earth, and it is cause soil pollution main to show irrigation water
Reason.Agricultural University Of Hunan shows that atmospheric sedimentation is with irrigating to the monitoring of Hunan Chang-Zhu-Tan Delta Region paddy system heavy metal cadmium source
Water is equally the main input source of cadmium in paddy system.Moreover, both biological effectivenesses of input cadmium are significantly larger than soil Central Plains
There is the biological effectiveness of cadmium.It is therefore prevented that cadmium enters paddy system to reducing the cadmium concentration tool in rice in air and irrigation water
There is important meaning.
Cadmium is mainly removed by stalk in existing removal paddy system, the technological means such as high enriching plant extraction.These skills
Art can be effectively reduced the cadmium content in paddy soil, but the cadmium to persistently being inputted by atmospheric sedimentation and farmland irrigating water is simultaneously
It cannot remove in time.
The content of the invention
Present invention aims at a kind of method of air and irrigation water input cadmium in removal rice field that provides.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：One kind removes air and irrigation water input cadmium in rice field
Method, the artificial infection of biological breadcrust introduces a collection in paddy soil, is cultivated biological breadcrust, makes its fast-growth by it, absorbs a huge sum of money
Belong to cadmium, in the maturation later stage to be grown, keep waterflooding, biological breadcrust floats naturally, by fishing for or current filter type removal farmland.
It is above-mentioned to prevent that cadmium into the method for paddy system, specifically comprises the following steps in air and irrigation water：
1) the rice field biological breadcrust of nature development is selected, shovel takes the skinning cortex of its top layer 10~50mm thickness spare；
2) skinning cortex of collection is dried in the shade, is crushed after removing impurity removing, be sufficiently stirred mixing and biological breadcrust introduces a collection is made；
3) after the biological breadcrust introduces a collection of preparation is mixed with fine earth with 1: 1~3 mass ratio, uniformly it is inoculated in soil to be seeded
Table, after the completion of pour water, field capacity is maintained at 70~80%；
4) pour water, top dressing, desinsection and remove weeds promote biological breadcrust growth；
5) after biological breadcrust growth and maturity, waterflooding is kept, biological breadcrust is floated naturally, by fishing for or current filtering side
Formula removes farmland.
In the above method, the biological breadcrust introduces a collection is selected from the biological breadcrust that fertile rice field is developed naturally, and selects life
Long amount is big, and form is thick and solid, and extracellular polymeric is more, the strong skinning of toughness.
In the above method, biological breadcrust introduces a collection collection carries out respectively in Irrigation Period and drainage period, for not during collection
Same cropping system, soil types set multiple collection points, gather respectively, with ensure collection introduces a collection representativeness and adaptability.
In the above method, it is 4~6% that the biological breadcrust introduces a collection controls its water content before inoculation.
In the above method, the equivalent diameter after the biological breadcrust introduces a collection crushes is 0.5~2.0mm.
In the above method, the biological breadcrust introduces a collection and the inoculum concentration of fine earth mixture are 0.5~2.0kg/m2。
In the above method, the moistening on holding inoculation ground after biological breadcrust introduces a collection is inoculated with, operation of pouring water is paid attention within growth period,
Arid should be avoided, avoids hypervolia from washing away again, makes skinning aggregation blocking, treats that biological breadcrust largely survives and native table is in
Broad irrigation is carried out during light green color, but water depth is no more than 10.0cm.
In the above method, at least once, dose is 5~15g/m of nitrogen for top dressing within biological breadcrust growth period2, phosphorus 5~
20g/m2, 6~26g/m of potassium2。
The above method can be operated while Rice Cropping, i.e., the above method can not influence the condition of Rice Production
Under realize while production while remove.
The growth cycle of biological breadcrust is shorter, about 30 days.The present invention can carry out being inoculated with-giving birth in rice growing season
Length-removal, inoculates, and-growth-removes continuous operation, i.e., the present invention can reconfigure after harvesting skinning in rice growing season
Skinning, promotes growth to realize the purpose persistently removed.
Rice field biological breadcrust, be by algae, the topsoil that lichens, tongue be fresh, fungi, bacterium etc. are collectively forming with soil particle
Earth (Wu Li, 2014).Biological breadcrust is the natural phenomena being widely present, and is closed because can be grown under extreme natural environment
Note.Polar region, desert environment (Maestre et al., 2011；Belnap et al., 2003) and heavy metal Disused tailing land
Soil (Chen Zheng etc., 2009) is all reported with the presence of biological breadcrust.The water and soil condition in rice field is compared with above-mentioned environment is more suitable for skinning
The growth of biology.Especially nitrogen and phosphorus content is higher, and the paddy soil top layer that surface is infrequently destroyed, biological breadcrust yield is very
Greatly.Under flooding condition, similar to algae and the complex of biomembrane, and under drought condition, biological breadcrust covers biological breadcrust
On arable land surface, the skinning cortex of one layer of about 0.5-2.0cm thickness of formation.Under the conditions of severe drought, some skinning cortex even tilt
Depart from lower soil.
Rice field biological breadcrust has enrichment to heavy metal cadmium in water body and air, and present inventor is in Hunan Province's model
Enclose and be acquired rice field biological breadcrust and find, the biological breadcrust grown naturally to the concentration coefficient of cadmium in water more than 1000, to soil
The concentration coefficient of cadmium is more than 10 in earth.
Inventor it has been investigated that, the algae in biological breadcrust is mainly diatom biology, and diatom biology can produce greatly
The silica of amount fixes heavy metal.Thus the present invention gathers the biological breadcrust that fertile rice field is developed naturally, using it as introduces a collection pair
The farmland soil of irrigation water or atmospheric sedimentation chronic pollution carries out artificial infection, and creates various suitable conditions and promote its growth.
The biological breadcrust introduces a collection of this multipoint acquisition is entirely from local natural conditions, and wherein microbiological paper method is reasonable, therefore
The weather and edaphic condition of locality can be adapted to completely.Under manual priming, the cooperation applied fertilizer, forbid the management measures such as interference,
The native table of artificial infection biological breadcrust can grow macroscopic algae and moss plant at 15 days or so, thickness up to 1~
5mm, native table can form plaquelike biological breadcrust after 1 month, using the diatom biology in biological breadcrust, by heavy metal cadmium
Arsenic etc. is fixed in silica mineral, and this silica solidfied material has strong antiacid effect, can reach long term deactivation
Effect.After pouring into water, under sunlight irradiation, biological breadcrust produces a large amount of bubbles, it is floated off soil, and then can drag for
Draining is taken or carried out, makes skinning with current and flows out rice field, filter screen is set in water outlet, skinning is fished for, so that skinning
Depart from paddy system.
Method provided by the invention is suitable for the heavy metal cadmium persistently inputted based on farmland irrigating water or atmospheric sedimentation
Paddy system, biological breadcrust can effectively absorb the cadmium of input, and remove.Internal cadmium is made by the transpiration of rice in soil
With soil surface is arrived in extracting, therefore soil crust also has certain enrichment removal ability.In short, soil crust is to mitigating rice field
Middle heavy metal cadmium has important value.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects：
(1) effectively prevent that high activity cadmium enters paddy system in air and irrigation water, it will be apparent that reduce heavy metal cadmium to
Inputted in paddy system；
(2) it can be operated with high enriching plant extraction phase ratio, this method while Rice Cropping, realize that side produces
Side removes, while this method is of low cost, simple and efficient, extensive management, positive effect, easy to spread；
(3) biological breadcrust that this method is formed is high to the coverage of earth's surface, nitrogen fixing capacity is strong, while can effectively reduce nitrogen phosphorus
And soil losses, also it is of great significance to prevention and control pollution of area source.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the biological breadcrust photo that the illumination in Li- ling city Huang Gu villages (HG) rice field in embodiment 1 floats.
Fig. 2 be embodiment 1 in Zhuzhou County Tomb of Zhao Family village (ZL), Li- ling city Huang Gu villages (HG), Chaling County Daxing village (DX), Zhuzhou
Singapore and Malaysia village of city (XM) rice field biological breadcrust, soil and irrigation water heavy metal cadmium mean concentration.
Fig. 3 be embodiment 1 in Zhuzhou County Tomb of Zhao Family village (ZL), Li- ling city Huang Gu villages (HG), Chaling County Daxing village (DX), Zhuzhou
Concentration coefficient of Singapore and Malaysia village of city (XM) the rice field biological breadcrust to water and soil heavy metal cadmium.
Embodiment
Following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.
The artificial infection culture of 1 biological breadcrust of embodiment and its cadmium function
The present embodiment is carried out in four, Hunan Province different regions, i.e., Zhuzhou County Tomb of Zhao Family village (ZL), Li- ling city Huang Gu villages (HG),
Chaling County goes in in a big way village (DX), Zhuzhou Singapore and Malaysia village (XM).First in aforementioned four different regions, biological breadcrust introduces a collection is gathered.This
Embodiment have selected 20 sampling points under different planting systems (rice-rice crop rotation, cigarette-rice crop rotation), edaphic condition altogether, and shovel takes earth's surface
The Microbiotic Soil Crusts on Fixed Dunes of about 1-2cm thickness, takes back interior by gathered introduces a collection and dries in the shade, and common grinder is used after removing the debris such as dead leaf
(sieve diameter 1.2mm) is crushed, and being sufficiently stirred mixing, to be placed on shady place spare.
Then, local rice field top layer 20cm anthropogenic soils, the biological breadcrust collected by more than are chosen in different regions respectively
Introduces a collection presses 1:1 weight ratio is mixed with crossing the fine earth of 1mm sieves, with 1.0kg/m2Inoculum concentration be uniformly spread on paddy soil surface.
Then water to native table to stopping when having slight ponding, avoid current directly to impact native table in watering proce, avoid the formation of at the same time
Excess surface water and runoff.Watering in every 1 day once, stops watering after 3 days.7 days after inoculation, spray urea, dose for nitrogen 5~
15g/m2, 5~20g/m of phosphorus2, 6~26g/m of potassium2.Then, moistening or waterflooding state are kept, prevents from doing field for a long time.
It is 2-5cm when skinning grows to thickness, after waterflooding illumination, skinning floats, and is collected.Photo is shown in Fig. 1 during collection,
Wherein each department skinning, soil and irrigation water heavy metal cadmium mean concentration are shown in Fig. 2, enrichment of the skinning to water and soil heavy metal cadmium
Coefficient is shown in Fig. 3.The result shows that skinning has very strong enrichment to soil and Heavy Metals in Waters cadmium, and from rice field
Easily remove.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of remove the method for air and irrigation water input cadmium in rice field, it is characterised in that manually connects biological breadcrust introduces a collection
Kind in paddy soil, biological breadcrust is cultivated, makes its fast-growth, heavy metal cadmium is absorbed, in the maturation later stage to be grown, keeps waterflooding,
Biological breadcrust floats naturally, by fish for or current filter type remove farmland.
2. the method for air and irrigation water input cadmium in a kind of removal rice field according to claim 1, it is characterised in that tool
Body includes the following steps：
1) the rice field biological breadcrust of nature development is selected, shovel takes the skinning cortex of its top layer 10~50mm thickness spare；
2) skinning cortex of collection is dried in the shade, is crushed after removing impurity removing, be sufficiently stirred mixing and biological breadcrust introduces a collection is made；
3) after the biological breadcrust introduces a collection of preparation is mixed with fine earth with 1: 1~3 mass ratio, native table to be seeded is uniformly inoculated in,
After the completion of pour water, field capacity is maintained at 70~80%；
4) pour water, top dressing, desinsection and remove weeds promote biological breadcrust growth；
5) after biological breadcrust growth and maturity, keep waterflooding, biological breadcrust is floated naturally, by fish for or current filter type shifting
Go out farmland.
3. the method for air and irrigation water input cadmium in a kind of removal rice field according to claim 1 or 2, its feature exist
In, the biological breadcrust introduces a collection is selected from the biological breadcrust that fertile rice field is developed naturally, and growth selection amount is big, and form is thick and solid,
Extracellular polymeric is more, the strong skinning of toughness.
4. the method for air and irrigation water input cadmium in a kind of removal rice field according to claim 1 or 2, its feature exist
In biological breadcrust introduces a collection collection carries out respectively in Irrigation Period and drainage period, for different cropping systems, soil class during collection
Type sets multiple collection points, gathers respectively.
5. the method for air and irrigation water input cadmium in a kind of removal rice field according to claim 1 or 2, its feature exist
In it is 4~6% that the biological breadcrust introduces a collection controls its water content before inoculation.
6. the method for air and irrigation water input cadmium in a kind of removal rice field according to claim 1 or 2, its feature exist
In the equivalent diameter after the biological breadcrust introduces a collection crushes is 0.5~2.0mm.
7. the method for air and irrigation water input cadmium in a kind of removal rice field according to claim 1 or 2, its feature exist
In the biological breadcrust introduces a collection and the inoculum concentration of fine earth mixture are 0.5~2.0kg/m2。
8. the method for air and irrigation water input cadmium in a kind of removal rice field according to claim 1 or 2, its feature exist
In the moistening on holding inoculation ground, operation of pouring water is paid attention within growth period, should avoid arid, again after inoculation biological breadcrust introduces a collection
Avoid hypervolia from washing away, make skinning aggregation blocking, carried out when biological breadcrust largely survives and native table is in light green color big
Water flood irrigation, but water depth is no more than 10.0cm.
9. the method for air and irrigation water input cadmium in a kind of removal rice field according to claim 1 or 2, its feature exist
In at least once, dose is 5~15g/m of nitrogen for top dressing within biological breadcrust growth period2, 5~20g/m of phosphorus2, 6~26g/m of potassium2。
10. the method for air and irrigation water input cadmium in a kind of removal rice field according to claim 1 or 2, its feature exist
In being operated while Rice Cropping.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN108702886A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-26 | 湖南农业大学 | The method for being passivated rice field external source import heavy metal using manganese salt-biological breadcrust |
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| CN108702886A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-26 | 湖南农业大学 | The method for being passivated rice field external source import heavy metal using manganese salt-biological breadcrust |
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