CN107999524A - A kind of method that heavy metal cadmium arsenic in rice field is passivated using biological breadcrust - Google Patents
A kind of method that heavy metal cadmium arsenic in rice field is passivated using biological breadcrust Download PDFInfo
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- CN107999524A CN107999524A CN201711277672.7A CN201711277672A CN107999524A CN 107999524 A CN107999524 A CN 107999524A CN 201711277672 A CN201711277672 A CN 201711277672A CN 107999524 A CN107999524 A CN 107999524A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that heavy metal cadmium arsenic in rice field is passivated using biological breadcrust, it in paddy soil, and is cultivated biological breadcrust introduces a collection artificial infection, makes its fast-growth, absorbs fixed heavy metal cadmium arsenic, it is specifically included：1) well-developed natural biology skinning is selected, shovel takes the biological breadcrust of 10~50mm of top layer thickness；2) biological breadcrust of collection is dried in the shade and crushes after impurity removing, mixes biological breadcrust introduces a collection is made；3) after mixing the biological breadcrust introduces a collection of preparation and fine earth with 1: 1~3 ratio, native table to be seeded is inoculated in, and is poured water, field capacity is maintained at 70~80%；4) suitable condition is controlled to promote biological breadcrust growth；5) treat biological breadcrust maturation, be allowed to dry water, dry biological breadcrust, stablizes the dehydration of biological breadcrust Minerals.The present invention can form the biological breadcrust of high coverage in a short time by the method for artificial infection, culture, and the biological breadcrust formed has cadmium arsenic function in the significant fixed rice field of absorption.
Description
Technical field
It is particularly a kind of to utilize the present invention relates to a kind of method for reducing heavy metal cadmium arsenic biological effectiveness in water body environment
The method of heavy metal cadmium arsenic in the biological breadcrust biocoene passivation paddy system of rice field.
Background technology
Because mine smelts, chemical enterprise inputs heavy metal contaminants by diversified forms to Agricultural land system for a long time, plus fertilizer
The entrance of heavy metal in material, causes China large area arable land by heavy metal pollution, serious threat to the grain in China and its
Its agricultural product security.Joint on April 17th, 2014 issue of Environmental Protection Department and Ministry of Land and Resources《National soil pollution situation tune
Look into publication》It is 16.1% that the national soil of display, which always puts an exceeding standard rate, and arable soil point position exceeding standard rate is more up to 19.4%.Wherein exist
In the inorganic pollution of 8 kinds of investigation, cadmium, the point position exceeding standard rate of arsenic arrange the 1st and 3 respectively, are the heavy metals for needing to pay close attention to
Pollutant.Transfer ability is strong in the soil for cadmium, easily into food chain, organism can be produced huge toxic action (Sun,
2016).In China in by the soil of cadmium pollution, only agricultural land soil area is just more than 200,000 hm2, it is exceeded that cadmium content is produced every year
Agricultural product up to 14.6 × 108Kg (Song Wenen, 2014).In heavy-metal composite pollution, cadmium arsenic combined pollution is heavy metal pollution
The pollution form of middle most serious.
Hunan Province is the most typical heavy metal pollution area in the whole nation, its pollute arable land be concentrated mainly on Xiangjiang River basin and Xiang Nan,
" a line two panels " in the western Hunan and Dongting Lake region.Do not have substantial amounts of mine in Lower Xiangjiang and Lake Dongting area to exist, still
Arable land still remains serious heavy metal pollution, shows that its primary pollution source comes from irrigation water.Many studies have shown that irrigating region is native
Heavy metal and organic pollution content in earth apparently higher than background value be even more than national standard (Zhou Xiuyan, 2006；Liu is small
Nanmu, 2009), different degrees of soil pollution is formd, and as the growth of irrigation time is in the trend gradually aggravated.Wu Guozhen
(2002) by Baiyin City sewage irrigation area agricultural land soil carry out researching determining, show sewage irrigation area farmland Cu, Pb, Zn,
Cd, As have been severely exceeded, and soil is subject to the serious pollution of heavy metal.Wang Li (2006) is in Shenyang Suburbs irrigating region soil
The pollution situation of heavy metal cadmium is investigated, the results showed that by 10 years or so stop fill and feed ditch transformation etc. measure, the area
Dirt filling paddy soil top layer Cd, As content is still higher, and pollution level, which is still in, stops the level before ploughing.Plough in Lower Xiangjiang
In, heavy metal in soil surpasses that target element is basically identical with Heavy Metals In Xiangjiang River Water, and it is to cause soil pollution to show irrigation water
The main reason for.Agricultural University Of Hunan, which monitors Hunan Chang-Zhu-Tan Delta Region paddy system heavy metal cadmium source, to be shown, atmospheric sedimentation
Main input source with as irrigation water being cadmium arsenic in paddy system.It is therefore prevented that cadmium arsenic enters rice field in air and irrigation water
System has great importance to reducing the cadmium arsenic concentration in rice.
The existing technology to heavy metal passivation in rice field mainly has chemical precipitation passivation and biology passivation.Chinese patent
(application number：201710376668) have using cadmium arsenic in hydroxyapatite, biological carbon composite passivation paddy soil, suppress water
Rice is to Metal uptake.And another Chinese patent such as (application number：201610631613.4) using phosphate, molysite, magnesia,
Inorganic clay, organic sequestering agent and silica etc. repair paddy soil, but dosing is big, reaches soil quality
25%, and cause the destruction of soil quality.In order to improve passivation efficiency, Chinese patent (application number：201710413193.7) profit
By the use of phosphate, quick lime and polyacrylamide etc. as complex material, it is solid to reach heavy metal high efficiency extraction-passivation in paddy soil
Change synergistic effect, so as to improve passivation efficiency.There is Chinese patent (201510564707.X) using biological fixation technology
Clothing bacillus and microbial inoculum and their application and heavy metal-passivated method.The method discloses a kind of bacillus licheniformis
(deposit number CGMCCNo.10852) can fix arsenic cadmium lead, but fixed heavy metal is mainly using carbonate as phosphorus of advocating peace
Based on hydrochlorate mineral, easily dissolved by acid.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one kind can be passivated air and irrigation water input cadmium arsenic in rice field, and a huge sum of money after curing
Category is not easy to be dissolved by acid, and heavy metal can be transformed into mineral, and reduce its biological effectiveness utilizes biological breadcrust passivation rice field
The method of middle heavy metal cadmium arsenic.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：One kind utilizes heavy metal in biological breadcrust passivation rice field
The method of cadmium arsenic, the artificial infection of biological breadcrust introduces a collection in paddy soil, is cultivated biological breadcrust, makes its fast-growth, absorbed by it
Fixed heavy metal cadmium arsenic, is transformed into mineral by heavy metal, reduces biological effectiveness.
The above-mentioned method that heavy metal cadmium arsenic in rice field is passivated using biological breadcrust is specifically comprised the following steps：
1) the rice field biological breadcrust of nature development is selected, shovel takes the biological breadcrust of its top layer 10~50mm thickness spare；
2) biological breadcrust of collection is dried in the shade, is crushed after removing impurity removing, be sufficiently stirred mixing and biological breadcrust introduces a collection is made；
3) after the biological breadcrust introduces a collection of preparation is mixed with fine earth with 1: 1~3 mass ratio, uniformly it is inoculated in soil to be seeded
Table, after the completion of pour water, field capacity is maintained at 70~80%；
4) pour water, top dressing, desinsection and remove weeds, promote biological breadcrust growth；
5) water is allowed to dry, dry biological breadcrust, stablizes the dehydration of biological breadcrust Minerals.
In the above method, the biological breadcrust introduces a collection is selected from the biological breadcrust that fertile rice field is developed naturally, and growth selection
Amount is big, and form is thick and solid, and extracellular polymeric is more, the strong biological breadcrust of toughness.
In the above method, biological breadcrust introduces a collection collection carries out respectively in Irrigation Period and drainage period, and when collection should be directed to
Different cropping systems, soil types set multiple collection points, gather respectively, with ensure collection introduces a collection representativeness and adaptability.
In the above method, it is 4~6% that the biological breadcrust introduces a collection controls its water content before inoculation.
In the above method, the equivalent diameter after the biological breadcrust introduces a collection crushes is 0.5~2.0mm.
In the above method, the biological breadcrust introduces a collection and the inoculum concentration of fine earth mixture are 0.5~2.0kg/m2。
In the above method, the moistening on holding inoculation ground after biological breadcrust introduces a collection is inoculated with, is paid attention within biological breadcrust growth period
Pour water operation, arid should be avoided, avoiding hypervolia to wash away again makes biological breadcrust aggregation blocking, treats biological breadcrust major part
Survive and when native table is in light green color carries out broad irrigation, but water depth is no more than 10.0cm.
In the above method, at least once, dose is 5~15g/m of nitrogen for top dressing within biological breadcrust growth period2, phosphorus 5~
20g/m2, 6~26g/m of potassium2。
The above method is operated while Rice Cropping, i.e., the present invention can be real under conditions of Rice Production is not influenced
It is existing to be passivated in production.
Rice field skinning has heavy metal cadmium in water body and air an enrichment, present inventor Hunan Province's scope into
Row collection skinning find, the skinning grown naturally to the concentration coefficient of cadmium in water more than 1000, to the concentration coefficient of cadmium in soil
More than 10, the concentration coefficient of arsenic is more than 1000 in water, to the concentration coefficient of arsenic in soil more than 5.Present inventor has found knot
Algae in skin is mainly diatom biology, and diatom biology can produce substantial amounts of silica and fix heavy metal.Thus, hair
A person of good sense utilizes the diatom biology in biological breadcrust, and heavy metal cadmium arsenic etc. is fixed in silica mineral, has strong resist
Acid effect, reaches long term deactivation effect.
The present invention gathers the biological breadcrust that fertile rice field (alkalescence is preferred) is developed naturally, using its for introduces a collection to irrigation water or greatly
The farmland soil of gas sedimentation chronic pollution carries out artificial infection, and creates various suitable conditions and promote its growth.This multiple spot is adopted
For the biological breadcrust introduces a collection of collection entirely from local natural conditions, wherein microbiological paper method is reasonable, therefore can fit completely
Should ground weather and edaphic condition.Under manual priming, the cooperation applied fertilizer, forbid the management measures such as interference, artificial infection life
The native table of thing skinning can grow macroscopic algae and moss plant at 15 days or so, and thickness is up to 1~5mm, after 1 month
Native table can form plaquelike biological breadcrust.For strongly acidic soil, siliceous fertilizer is properly added, promotes skinning to carry out heavy metal
Mineralising.
Compared with prior art, the present invention haing the following advantages and effect：
(1) method provided by the invention is suitable for the heavy metal cadmium persistently inputted based on farmland irrigating water or atmospheric sedimentation
Paddy system, wherein biological breadcrust can effectively absorb irrigation water or the cadmium of air input, and remove, internal in soil
For cadmium by the transpiration of rice, soil surface is arrived in extracting, then is enriched with and removed by soil crust.
(2) heavy metal can be effectively fixed in silica mineral by the biological breadcrust grown in the present invention, and two
Silica is difficult to dissolve in acid condition, and carbonate, the sulfide etc. than generally forming have more stable advantage.
(3) the method for the present invention can be operated while Rice Cropping, realized and removed in production, while this method
It is of low cost, simple and efficient, extensive management, positive effect, easy to spread.
(4) biological breadcrust that the method for the present invention is formed is high to the coverage of earth's surface, nitrogen fixing capacity is strong, while can effectively reduce
Nitrogen phosphorus and soil losses, are of great significance prevention and control pollution of area source.
(5) growth cycle of biological breadcrust of the present invention is shorter, and about 30 days, skinning can be reconfigured after harvesting skinning,
Growth is promoted to realize the purpose being persistently passivated.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is photo after biological breadcrust drying in Liuyang Changfeng village rice field in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the X- luminescent crystal diffraction patterns of skinning after drying in embodiment 1.
Embodiment
Following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：The artificial infection culture of biological breadcrust and its passivation cadmium arsenic function
The present embodiment carries out in Hunan Province Liuyang Changfeng village, and soil parameters is as shown in table 1.
Table 1：Heavy metal content in soil and its property list (mg/Kg)
The biological breadcrust for selecting fertile rice field to develop naturally first, gathers and is carried out respectively in Irrigation Period and drainage period, collection
When for different cropping systems, soil types set 10 collection points, gather the biological breadcrust of top layer about 1-2cm thickness, and general respectively
The biological breadcrust of collection dries in the shade, and is crushed after removing the debris such as dead leaf using common grinder (sieve diameter 1.2mm), fully
Stir and evenly mix that to be placed on shady place spare.
Then the biological breadcrust introduces a collection collected by more than is with fine earth with 1：After 2 mass ratio mixing, with 1.0kg/m2Connect
Kind amount is uniformly spread on paddy soil surface to be seeded.Then water to native table to stopping when having slight ponding, kept away in watering proce
Exempt from current and directly impact native table, while avoid the formation of excess surface water and runoff.Watering in every 1 day once, stops watering after 3 days.Connect
7 days after kind, suitable urea is sprayed, dose is 5~15g/m of nitrogen2, 5~20g/m of phosphorus2, 6~26g/m of potassium2.Then, keep wet
Profit or waterflooding state, prevent from doing field for a long time.
It is 2-5cm when biological breadcrust grows to thickness, is allowed to dry water, makes biological breadcrust dry under the sun, resistant mineral.It is dry
Biological breadcrust photo is shown in Fig. 1 after dry, and the X- luminescent crystals diffraction patterns (XRD) of biological breadcrust show wherein to contain main after drying
For silica mineral (referring to Fig. 2), heavy metal cadmium concentration is 13.2mg/Kg, arsenic concentration 205.5mg/Kg in biological breadcrust,
Non- EDTA extractions state is respectively 72% and 66%.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. method that heavy metal cadmium arsenic in rice field is passivated using biological breadcrust, it is characterised in that by biological breadcrust introduces a collection people Work is inoculated in paddy soil, cultivates biological breadcrust, makes its fast-growth, absorbs fixed heavy metal cadmium arsenic, heavy metal is transformed into Mineral, reduce biological effectiveness.
- 2. a kind of method that heavy metal cadmium arsenic in rice field is passivated using biological breadcrust according to claim 1, its feature are existed In specifically comprising the following steps：1) the rice field biological breadcrust of nature development is selected, shovel takes the biological breadcrust of its top layer 10~50mm thickness spare；2) biological breadcrust of collection is dried in the shade, is crushed after removing impurity removing, be sufficiently stirred mixing and biological breadcrust introduces a collection is made；3) after the biological breadcrust introduces a collection of preparation is mixed with fine earth with 1: 1~3 mass ratio, native table to be seeded is uniformly inoculated in, After the completion of pour water, field capacity is maintained at 70~80%；4) pour water, top dressing, desinsection and remove weeds, promote biological breadcrust growth；5) water is allowed to dry, dry biological breadcrust, stablizes the dehydration of biological breadcrust Minerals.
- 3. a kind of method that heavy metal cadmium arsenic in rice field is passivated using biological breadcrust according to claim 1 or 2, its feature It is, the biological breadcrust introduces a collection is selected from the biological breadcrust that fertile rice field is developed naturally, and growth selection amount is big, and form is thick and solid, Extracellular polymeric is more, the strong biological breadcrust of toughness.
- 4. a kind of method that heavy metal cadmium arsenic in rice field is passivated using biological breadcrust according to claim 1 or 2, its feature It is, biological breadcrust introduces a collection collection carries out respectively in Irrigation Period and drainage period, and when collection should be directed to different cropping systems, soil Earth type sets multiple collection points, gathers respectively, with ensure collection introduces a collection representativeness and adaptability.
- 5. a kind of method that heavy metal cadmium arsenic in rice field is passivated using biological breadcrust according to claim 1 or 2, its feature It is, it is 4~6% that the biological breadcrust introduces a collection controls its water content before inoculation.
- 6. a kind of method that heavy metal cadmium arsenic in rice field is passivated using biological breadcrust according to claim 1 or 2, its feature It is, the equivalent diameter after the biological breadcrust introduces a collection crushes is 0.5~2.0mm.
- 7. a kind of method that heavy metal cadmium arsenic in rice field is passivated using biological breadcrust according to claim 1 or 2, its feature It is, the biological breadcrust introduces a collection and the inoculum concentration of fine earth mixture are 0.5~2.0kg/m2。
- 8. a kind of method that heavy metal cadmium arsenic in rice field is passivated using biological breadcrust according to claim 1 or 2, its feature It is, is inoculated with the moistening on holding inoculation ground after biological breadcrust introduces a collection, operation of pouring water is paid attention within biological breadcrust growth period, should be kept away Exempt from arid, avoiding hypervolia to wash away again makes biological breadcrust aggregation blocking, treats that biological breadcrust largely survives and native table is in shallow Broad irrigation is carried out when green, but water depth is no more than 10.0cm.
- 9. a kind of method that heavy metal cadmium arsenic in rice field is passivated using biological breadcrust according to claim 1 or 2, its feature It is, at least once, dose is 5~15g/m of nitrogen for top dressing within biological breadcrust growth period2, 5~20g/m of phosphorus2, 6~26g/ of potassium m2。
- 10. a kind of method that heavy metal cadmium arsenic in rice field is passivated using biological breadcrust according to claim 1 or 2, it is special Sign is, is operated while Rice Cropping.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN108702886A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-26 | 湖南农业大学 | The method for being passivated rice field external source import heavy metal using manganese salt-biological breadcrust |
| CN111492744A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-07 | 江西离子型稀土工程技术研究有限公司 | Rapid cultivation method for forming biological soil crust by using ionic rare earth waste mine soil and application of rapid cultivation method |
| CN113857235A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-12-31 | 江西省生态环境科学研究与规划院 | Biological crust repair material for promoting ecological restoration of ion-type rare earth tailing area, application and repair method |
| CN115026128A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-09 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Rice field heavy metal inhibition control and absorption method based on periphyton |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108702886A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-26 | 湖南农业大学 | The method for being passivated rice field external source import heavy metal using manganese salt-biological breadcrust |
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| CN113857235A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-12-31 | 江西省生态环境科学研究与规划院 | Biological crust repair material for promoting ecological restoration of ion-type rare earth tailing area, application and repair method |
| CN115026128A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-09 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Rice field heavy metal inhibition control and absorption method based on periphyton |
| CN115026128B (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2023-08-18 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Rice field heavy metal resistance control and digestion method based on periphyton |
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Application publication date: 20180508 |