CN111492744A - Rapid cultivation method for forming biological soil crust by using ionic rare earth waste mine soil and application of rapid cultivation method - Google Patents
Rapid cultivation method for forming biological soil crust by using ionic rare earth waste mine soil and application of rapid cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention provides a rapid cultivation method for forming biological soil crust by ionic rare earth abandoned mine soil and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of environmental biology, wherein the artificial cultivation method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a plurality of different types of biological soil crusts, and respectively removing impurities, air-drying and crushing to obtain different types of crushed crusts; 2) respectively inoculating the different types of broken skins obtained in the step 1) to the surface of soil, and carrying out constant-temperature illumination cultivation for 7-9 weeks to obtain different types of candidate artificial cultivation biological soil crusts; 3) and screening to obtain the most advantageous artificial culture biological soil crust by taking the crust coverage as a first screening index and the plant height as a second screening index. And continuing culturing for 240-260 days, and researching the influence of the development of the artificial culture biological soil crust on the physicochemical and hydrological properties of the ionic rare earth abandoned mine soil. The artificial biological soil crust provided by the invention has good effects of improving and preventing water and soil loss on ionic rare earth abandoned mine soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental biology, and particularly relates to a rapid cultivation method for forming biological soil crust by using ionic rare earth waste mine soil and application thereof.
Background
The biological soil skinning technology achieves better effect in the aspects of environmental management such as wind prevention, sand fixation, water and soil loss prevention and the like in sandy land and desertification areas. Biological Soil Crusts (BSCs) are very complex complexes formed by bonding cryptophytes such as blue-green algae, desert algae, lichens, moss and Soil microorganisms and other related organisms with Soil surface particles through mycelia, rhizoids, secretions and the like, and are widely distributed in various climates and habitat conditions. The algae, moss and lichens which form the BSCs are common pioneer colonization plants, can grow and reproduce in severe environments with severe habitat conditions such as severe drought, water shortage, nutrient impoverishment, extreme pH and salinity and the like, can influence and change the environment through the living metabolic mode of the algae, the moss and the lichens, and play an important role in aspects of wind prevention, sand fixation, soil erosion prevention, soil physical process (agglomeration), soil hydrology (rainfall interception and rainfall infiltration), soil ecology and the like.
The research on BSCs in foreign countries starts in the 50 th of the 20 th century, China is dedicated to the research on BSCs from the 80 th of the 20 th century, the research on the function repairing effect of the BSCs on the ecological system in the arid region is mainly focused, but the research on the ecological repairing applied to the ionic rare earth abandoned mine is not reported yet. At present, the main patents related to the BSCs cultivation technology include: a Chinese patent (application) with the number of 201811395757.X provides a rapid propagation method of desert moss and biological crust thereof. According to the method, fungi and blue algae are mixed and inoculated to quicksand, stable composite crusts can be formed quickly, and before inoculation, fungi and blue algae culture solution needs to be prepared, so that the steps are complex, and the period is long. A Chinese patent (application) No. 200810035554.X provides a rapid propagation method of desert moss and biological crust thereof. The patent mainly adopts a tissue culture and inorganic culture medium culture mode. The chinese patent (application) No. 200310125467.0 provides a moss cultivating sheet which is excellent in drying resistance of cultivated moss and is easy to form colonies during cultivation of moss, and a structural greening method using the moss cultivating sheet, wherein the whole gametophyte is planted on paper or fiber scraps, and a general moss crust is formed after applying a fertilizer. At present, no patent is found to report a rapid cultivation method for forming biological soil crust in ionic rare earth abandoned mine and the application thereof. The current ionic rare earth abandoned mine has large area and serious water and soil loss, and the ecological restoration is not slow enough. The method constructs a biological skinning technology, innovatively develops an ionic rare earth abandoned mine ecological restoration technology, and is particularly important in the aspect of ecological protection of ionic rare earth abandoned mines.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a biological soil crust, an artificial cultivation method thereof and applications thereof. The biological soil crust provided by the invention can effectively improve the ecological restoration effect of the ionic rare earth abandoned mine.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an artificial cultivation method for biological soil crust, which comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a plurality of different types of biological soil crusts, and respectively removing impurities, air-drying and crushing to obtain different types of crushed crusts;
2) respectively inoculating the different types of broken skins obtained in the step 1) to the surface of soil, and carrying out constant-temperature illumination cultivation for 7-9 weeks to obtain different types of candidate artificial cultivation biological soil crusts;
3) and screening to obtain the most advantageous artificial culture biological soil crust by taking the crust coverage as a first screening index and the plant height as a second screening index.
Preferably, the types of the biological soil crust selected in the step 1) are 4-8; the different types of biological soil crust are distinguished by apparent shape.
Preferably, the particle size of the broken skin is less than or equal to 2 mm.
Preferably, the inoculation method in the step 2) is a skin-breaking inoculation method, and the inoculation amount of the inoculation is 100-500 g/m2。
Preferably, the thickness of the soil in the step 2) is 7-9 cm; the soil is a soil layer with the earth surface being 0-20 cm, and is air-dried and sieved.
Preferably, in the cultivation process in the step 2), watering is carried out once a day, and the watering amount is 1.1-1.2L/m2Once per time.
Preferably, the Knop nutrient solution is sprayed every 3 days for the first two weeks of the cultivation in the step 2), and the spraying amount of the Knop nutrient solution is 0.5-0.6L/m2Once per time.
Preferably, the illumination intensity of the constant-temperature illumination cultivation in the step 2) is 2000-4000L x, the illumination period is 12h illumination/12 h darkness, the temperature of the constant-temperature illumination cultivation is 17-26 ℃, the humidity is 50% -70%, and CO of the constant-temperature illumination cultivation2The concentration was 0 ppm.
The invention provides the artificial cultivation biological soil crust obtained by the artificial cultivation method.
The invention provides application of the artificially cultured biological soil crust in ecological restoration of ionic rare earth abandoned mines.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the artificial cultivation method for the biological soil crust provided by the invention obviously shortens the generation period of the biological soil crust by artificially cultivating the biological soil crust: a complete barren wild crust can be formed after 2-3 years depending on natural growth conditions; according to the artificial cultivation method, an initial biological crust can be formed within 2-3 months, the cultivation of the biological crust is accelerated, and a foundation is provided for the application of the artificial biological soil crust in the ecological restoration of the ionic rare earth mine.
The artificial biological soil crust provided by the invention has good effects of improving and preventing water and soil loss on ionic rare earth abandoned mine soil. Compared with a contrast, the artificial biological soil crust provided by the invention improves the pH value of the ionic rare earth abandoned mine soil from 5.88 to 6.28, so that the acidity of the soil is weakened; meanwhile, nutrients such as organic matters, total nitrogen, quick-acting nitrogen, total phosphorus, quick-acting phosphorus, total potassium, quick-acting potassium and the like in the soil are respectively increased by 294%, 21.6%, 81.8%, 100%, 260%, 8.9% and 52.4%; the artificial biological soil crust provided by the invention also has the function of soil adhesion; the soil after the artificial biological soil crust restoration is obviously improved in erosion resistance and water retention performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of water and soil loss conditions of a slope surface of an artificial biological soil crust group and a control group;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change of soil moisture content in the artificial biological soil crust group and the control group;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the effect of artificial biological soil crust on soil nutrients;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of artificial biological soil skinning on soil mechanical composition.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an artificial cultivation method for biological soil crust, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a plurality of different types of biological soil crusts, and respectively removing impurities, air-drying and crushing to obtain different types of crushed crusts; 2) respectively inoculating the different types of broken skins obtained in the step 1) to the surface of soil, and carrying out constant-temperature illumination cultivation for 7-9 weeks to obtain different types of candidate artificial cultivation biological soil crusts; 3) and screening to obtain the most advantageous artificial culture biological soil crust by taking the crust coverage as a first screening index and the plant height as a second screening index.
In the invention, a plurality of different types of biological soil crusts are selected, and different types of crusts are obtained after impurity removal, air drying and crushing respectively. In the invention, the types of the selected biological soil crusts are preferably 4-8, and 6 are selected in the specific implementation process of the invention. In the present invention, the different types of biological soil crusts are distinguished by appearance, including moss crusts, algae crusts and mixed crusts. The source of the biological soil crust is not particularly limited, and the biological soil crust similar to the ionic rare earth abandoned mine habitat is preferably adopted. In the invention, the biological soil crust is preferably shoveled from the environment by a shovel; in the process of shoveling the biological soil crust, the soil with the thickness within 1cm below the biological soil crust is preferably shoveled together. In the invention, after the biological soil crust is shoveled, the biological soil crust is preferably stored in a plastic sealing bag. In the invention, the impurity removal preferably comprises the step of manually picking out macroscopic impurities such as plant residues, soil blocks, stones and the like. In the invention, air drying is carried out after impurity removal, and the air drying is preferably natural air drying. The method for pulverizing is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a conventional pulverizing method in the art may be employed. In the present invention, the particle size of the crushed skin obtained after the crushing is preferably less than or equal to 2 mm.
After different types of broken skin are obtained, the obtained different types of broken skin are respectively inoculated to the surface of the soil to carry out constant-temperature illumination cultivation for 7-9 weeks, and different types of candidate artificial cultivation biological soil crusts are obtained. In the present invention, the inoculation method is preferably a skin-breaking inoculation method, and the present invention has no special requirements on the specific steps of the skin-breaking inoculation method, specifically referring to the references (Xiaobo, Zhao Weige, Shao Ming' an. loess plateau erosion area artificial cultivation of organism crust and its water and soil conservation effect [ J ]]Journal of grassland, 2008,16(1): 28-33). In the invention, the inoculation amount of the inoculation is preferably 100-500 g/m2More preferably 200 to 400g/m2Most preferably 300g/m2. In the invention, the soil is preferably soil layer with the earth surface of 0-20 cm, and the soil is air-dried and sieved. In the invention, the soil is preferably selected from ionic rare earth abandoned mine soil or soil similar to the habitat of the ionic rare earth abandoned mine soil. In the invention, the air drying is preferably natural air drying, and the particle size of the screened soil is preferably less than or equal to 2 mm.
In the invention, the soil is preferably placed in a culture tray, the thickness of the soil is preferably 7-9 cm, more preferably 8 cm.. in the invention, the bottom of the culture tray is preferably laid with non-woven fabrics, and the non-woven fabrics have the function of ventilating and moisturizing, and in the invention, the specification of the culture tray is preferably 42cm × 42cm × 10 cm.
In the invention, the constant-temperature illumination cultivation process is superiorOptionally, watering once a day, wherein the watering amount is preferably 1.1-1.2L/m2In the specific implementation process of the invention, each culture dish is preferably watered with 180-220 m L, more preferably 200m L, the watering function of the invention is to ensure that the culture medium soil is fully wet, in the invention, the Knop nutrient solution is sprayed every 3 days in the first two weeks of the culture, and the spraying amount of the Knop nutrient solution is preferably 0.5-0.6L/m2In the implementation process of the invention, each culture dish is preferably sprayed with Knop nutrient solution 90-110 m L, more preferably 100m L, in the invention, the Knop nutrient solution takes water as a solvent, and preferably comprises the following components of 1.0 g/L Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O、0.25g/L MgSO4·7H2O、0.25g/LKNO3、0.25g/LKH2PO4And 0.003 g/L ZnSO4·7H2O。
In the invention, the illumination intensity of the constant-temperature illumination cultivation is preferably 2000-4000L x, more preferably 2500-3500L x, the illumination period is preferably 12h of illumination/12 h of darkness, the temperature of the constant-temperature illumination cultivation is preferably 17-26 ℃, the humidity is preferably 50-70%, more preferably 55-65%, and the CO of the constant-temperature illumination cultivation is preferably CO2The concentration is preferably 0 ppm.
After the constant-temperature illumination cultivation, the most advantageous artificial cultivation biological soil crust is obtained by screening by taking the crust coverage as a first screening index and the plant height as a second screening index. In the invention, artificial biological soil crusts cultured by different types of biological soil crusts are screened, the artificial biological soil crusts with the highest crust coverage are selected, and when more than two crust coverages are the same, the plant height is used as an index for screening. After the artificial culture biological soil crust is obtained through screening, the artificial culture biological soil crust is continuously cultured for 240-260 days, and the influence of the development of the artificial culture biological soil crust on the physicochemical and hydrological properties of the ionic rare earth waste mine soil is researched. In the present invention, the light intensity, light cycle, temperature, humidity, CO of the continuous culture2The concentration and watering amount are preferably consistent with the constant-temperature light cultivation process. In the present invention, theThe time for continuing the culture is preferably 241 to 249d, more preferably 244 d.
The invention provides the artificial cultivation biological soil crust obtained by the artificial cultivation method.
The invention also provides application of the artificially cultured biological soil crust in ecological restoration of ionic rare earth abandoned mines. The artificial cultivation soil crust provided by the invention has good effects of improving and preventing water and soil loss on ionic rare earth abandoned mine soil. The artificial biological soil crust provided by the invention can improve the physicochemical property of soil and improve the erosion resistance and water retention performance of the soil.
Example 1
In the present embodiment, the raw materials used for the research are collected from a mine ecological restoration and environmental protection test base (hereinafter referred to as a test base) of the national ionic rare earth resource efficient development and utilization engineering research center, and an ionic rare earth abandoned mine subjected to ammonium sulfate heap leaching is located in tea pit villages (115 ° 6 ' 3 ″ from east longitude, 115 ° 6 ' 3 ″ from north latitude, 24 ° 57 ' 35 ″ from north town, south of mountains, jiangxi city, jianxi province), but are not taken as limitations on the application scope of the present invention.
The artificial biological soil crust cultivation steps are as follows:
step 1: collecting biological soil crust. 6 types of well-developed biological soil crusts of different types are selected in a test base, and the crusts and a soil layer with the thickness of 1cm below the crusts are shoveled and taken by a small flat shovel and are filled into a plastic sealing bag. Manually picking out plant residues visible to naked eyes, removing impurities such as soil blocks, stones and the like, naturally drying, and crushing to obtain particles with the particle size of 2mm for later use.
Step 2: collecting culture medium soil. In a test base, after removing sporadic weeds, stones and the like on the surface of soil, digging a 0-20 cm soil layer, bringing the soil layer back to a laboratory for natural air drying, and sieving the soil layer (2mm) for later use.
Step 3, installing a soil tank, namely paving non-woven fabrics at the bottom of a culture tray (with the specification of 42cm × 42cm × 10cm) to achieve the effects of ventilation and moisture preservation, and then filling the culture medium soil into the culture tray to keep the height of the culture medium soil at 8 cm.
And 4, step 4: culturing artificial biological soil crust. By inoculation of shredded skin (Step references: artificial cultivation of biological crust in erosion area of loess plateau with Shaobei, Zhao Yong grids and Shao Ming' an effect of water and soil conservation [ J]Journal of grassland 2008,16(1):28-33.) BSCs were inoculated onto the soil tank surface at an inoculum size of 200g/m2And then placing the culture dish in a constant-temperature illumination culture room for culture, watering each culture dish for 1 time every day within 2 weeks after inoculation, wherein the water amount is 200m L, ensuring that the culture medium soil is fully wetted, spraying 100m L Knop nutrient solution every 3 days, and continuously watering for 1 time every day after two weeks, ensuring that the culture medium soil is fully wetted until the skinning coverage reaches more than 90%.
The constant temperature illumination culture chamber has culture conditions of illumination intensity of 2500L x, illumination period of 12h, temperature of 25 deg.C, humidity of 60%, and CO2The concentration was 0 ppm.
Knop culture solution with water as solvent and 1.0 g/L Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O、0.25g/L MgSO4·7H2O、0.25g/LKNO3、0.25g/LKH2PO4And 0.003 g/L ZnSO4·7H2O。
And 5: and (5) screening the soil crust type of the dominant organism. After 8 weeks of cultivation, dominant candidate artificial cultivation biological soil crust is screened from 6 groups of biological soil crust by taking the crust coverage and plant height as indexes (the coverage is preferably seen).
Step 6: and (3) watering the dominant candidate artificial culture biological soil crust group 1 time every day to ensure that the culture medium soil is fully wet, and continuously culturing for 244 days to obtain the artificial culture biological soil crust.
Example 2
Soil erosion test was performed on the artificially cultured biological soil crust obtained in example 1
The method comprises the following steps:
the method is carried out by adopting a side-spraying type artificial rainfall simulation device. The device is sprayed by 2 groups of single spray heads in a contra-spraying mode, and the rainfall height is 1 m. The slope of the soil tank is set to be 15 degrees, the lower end of the soil tank is provided with a flow collecting device for collecting runoff silt samples, and the bottom of the soil tank is provided with a collecting barrel for collecting and observing rainfall erosion silt and surface runoff. Before artificial rainfall simulation, the test soil is ensured to be saturated and contain water. The experimental treatments included 2 treatments of the artificial biological soil crust group (BSCs) and the blank control group (CK). According to the method, 3 kinds of rainfall intensity are designed in the test, 60mm/h simulates heavy rain conditions, 90mm/h simulates heavy rain conditions, and 120mm/h simulates extra heavy rain conditions, wherein the duration of 1h is respectively determined according to the main rainfall type causing soil loss, namely short-duration and high-intensity rainfall, the rainfall time is about 1 h. Monitoring the amount of rainfall erosion silt and the surface runoff, and researching the influence of the development of artificial culture biological soil crust on the slope abortion sand production process.
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a soil erosion test by indoor artificial rainfall simulation, calculating the runoff time, the slope runoff quantity and the erosion sand yield of a slope, and analyzing the influence of the development of artificial culture biological soil crust on the erosion effect of the soil slope. In the soil erosion test, the BSCs group and the CK group are mainly subjected to surface erosion, and no obvious ditch erosion phenomenon occurs. The soil slope runoff of the BSCs group was earlier than the slope of the CK group. The CK group soil tank is accompanied by a certain amount of silt after the production flow, and the runoff of the BSCs soil tank is only slightly turbid all the time. The test results (FIG. 1) show that the sand production of the BSCs group is 2.64, 6.81 and 18.72g/m respectively after 1h artificial rainfall test under the conditions of 60, 90 and 120mm/h rainfall intensity2Compared with the sand yield of the CK group under the same rainfall condition, the sand yield is respectively reduced by 97 percent, 94 percent and 90 percent; the change of the slope runoff is not obvious, and the slope runoff of the BSCs group is respectively increased by 12 percent, 5 percent and 3 percent compared with the CK group. The result shows that the formation of artificial culture biological soil crust improves the slope runoff, but the influence is not obvious; greatly reduces the sand yield of the slope, has the function of inhibiting sand production and obviously improves the anti-erosion capability of the soil. Meanwhile, the smaller the rainfall intensity is, the more difficult the skinned slope surface is broken, the less the ditch erosion phenomenon is caused, the less loose substances can be washed by runoff, the less the slope surface sand yield is, and the relative erosion reducing effect of the artificially cultured biological soil skinning is stronger.
The water retentivity test was conducted on the artificial culture organism soil crust obtained in example 1.
After the soil erosion test is completed, the soil reaches the saturated water content. And then placing the soil in a sunlight greenhouse for a water retention performance test, and continuously monitoring the change of the soil water content at intervals of 4h, 8h, 18h, 24h and 32h so as to explore the influence of the development of the artificial culture biological soil crust on the change characteristics of the soil tank water content.
The water retention test result (figure 2) shows that the water content of the soil in the CK group is rapidly reduced, and after 32 hours, the water content is reduced from 33.14% to 16.26%, and is reduced by 50.9%; after 32 hours, the water content of the soil of the BSCs group inoculated with the crust slowly decreases from 33.42% to 28.92%, and only decreases by 13.5%. The result shows that the development of the artificial culture biological soil crust obviously improves the water retention performance of the soil.
Test on improving effect of the Artificial cultivation biological soil crust obtained in example 1 on Ionic rare earth abandoned mine soil
And (3) taking a soil sample with the lower layer of the crust layer of 0-1 cm for physical and chemical property analysis, and researching the improvement effect of the development of the crust of the artificially cultured biological soil on the ionic rare earth waste mine soil. The organic matter is measured by a potassium dichromate method; the volume weight measurement adopts a cutting ring method; the total nitrogen is measured by adopting a Kjeldahl method; the quick-acting nitrogen is measured by a distillation method; the total phosphorus determination adopts a sodium hydroxide fusion-molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method; the quick-acting phosphorus is measured by adopting a sodium bicarbonate leaching-inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry; the total potassium determination adopts sodium hydroxide fusion-atomic absorption spectrophotometry; the quick-acting potassium is measured by adopting an ammonium acetate leaching-flame photometer method; the pH measurement adopts a glass electrode method; mechanical composition measurements were measured using a laser particle size analyzer.
After artificial cultivation of biological soil crusts for 300 days, a soil sample with 0-1 cm of the crusts at the lower layer is taken for physical and chemical property determination and analysis, and the determination results are shown in table 1 and figure 3. The result shows that the development of the artificial culture biological soil crust has obvious influence on the physicochemical property of the surface soil of the ionic rare earth abandoned mine, and has better soil improvement effect. Compared with the CK group without inoculation and skinning, the pH of the acidic soil of the BSCs group is increased by 6.8 percent, and the acidity of the soil is weakened; the volume weight is reduced by 11.6 percent; the soil nutrients are improved to different degrees: the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, quick-acting nitrogen, total phosphorus, quick-acting phosphorus, total potassium and quick-acting potassium are respectively increased by 294%, 21.6%, 81.8%, 100%, 260%, 8.9% and 52.4%.
TABLE 1 influence of crusting on the physicochemical Properties of the soil
The mechanical composition is the basic basis for soil classification, and has direct influence on soil porosity, volume weight, water content, permeability, cohesiveness and the like. According to the soil particle classification standard (GB 7845-1987), the test soil is divided into 5 grades according to the particle size: sticky particles (<0.002mm), powder (sand) particles (0.002-0.02 mm), fine sand particles (0.02-0.25 mm), coarse sand particles (0.25-1 mm) and extra coarse sand (1-2 mm). The test soil composition is mainly composed of fine sand grains, coarse sand grains and powder grains. The measurement results (figure 4) of the mechanical composition of the soil with the surface layer of 0-1 cm of the BSCs group and the CK group show that compared with the CK group, the content of coarse sand grains and extremely coarse sand in the BSCs group soil is almost unchanged, the content of fine sand grains is reduced, and the content of sticky grains and powder grains is increased to a certain extent. The test result shows that the artificial biological soil crust has a certain soil forming effect, the physical, chemical and biological processes of the artificial biological soil crust cohere the surface soil texture, the composition of soil particles and cohesive grains is improved to a certain extent, and the composition of fine sand grains is reduced.
According to the embodiments, the development of the artificial cultivation biological soil crust provided by the invention has the effects of improving and preventing water and soil loss on the ionic rare earth waste mine soil. As embodied (compared to control): (1) the pH is increased from 5.88 to 6.28 by 6.8 percent, and the acidity of the soil is weakened; (2) the volume weight is reduced by 11.6 percent, and the organic matter, total nitrogen, quick-acting nitrogen, total phosphorus, quick-acting phosphorus, total potassium and quick-acting potassium are respectively improved by 294 percent, 21.6 percent, 81.8 percent, 100 percent, 260 percent, 8.9 percent and 52.4 percent; (3) the composition of the powder particles and the clay particles is slightly improved, and the soil is cemented; (4) the erosion resistance and the water retention performance are obviously improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An artificial cultivation method for biological soil crust comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a plurality of different types of biological soil crusts, and respectively removing impurities, air-drying and crushing to obtain different types of crushed crusts;
2) respectively inoculating the different types of broken skins obtained in the step 1) to the surface of soil for constant-temperature illumination cultivation for 7-9 weeks to obtain different types of candidate artificial cultivation biological soil crusts;
3) and screening to obtain the most advantageous artificial culture biological soil crust by taking the crust coverage as a first screening index and the plant height as a second screening index.
2. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the types of the biological soil crust selected in step 1) are 4-8; the different types of biological soil crust are distinguished by apparent shape.
3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the particle size of the crushed skin is less than or equal to 2 mm.
4. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the inoculation method in step 2) is a split skin inoculation method, and the inoculation amount is 100-500 g/m2。
5. The artificial cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the soil in step 2) is 7 to 9 cm; the soil is a soil layer with the earth surface being 0-20 cm, and is air-dried and sieved.
6. The artificial cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation in step 2) is performed by watering once a day with a watering amount of 1.1 to 1.2L/m2Once per time.
7. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the Knop nutrient solution is sprayed every 3 days for the first two weeks of the breeding in step 2), and the sprayed amount of the Knop nutrient solution is 0.5 to 0.6L/m2Once per time.
8. The artificial cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the illumination intensity of the constant-temperature illumination cultivation in the step 2) is 2000-4000L x, the illumination period is 12h of illumination/12 h of darkness, the temperature of the constant-temperature illumination cultivation is 17-26 ℃, the humidity is 50% -70%, and the CO of the constant-temperature illumination cultivation2The concentration was 0 ppm.
9. An artificial cultured organism soil crust obtained by the artificial culture method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The use of the artificially cultivated biological soil crust according to claim 9 for the ecological restoration of ionic rare earth abandoned mines.
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