CN104380959A - Rapid cultivation method for loess plateau moss crusts - Google Patents
Rapid cultivation method for loess plateau moss crusts Download PDFInfo
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- CN104380959A CN104380959A CN201410586406.2A CN201410586406A CN104380959A CN 104380959 A CN104380959 A CN 104380959A CN 201410586406 A CN201410586406 A CN 201410586406A CN 104380959 A CN104380959 A CN 104380959A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid cultivation method for loess plateau moss crusts. The rapid cultivation method comprises the following steps: under the field natural condition, selecting well-developed moss crusts; by taking Didymodon vinealis as a dominant species, getting surface crusts by shoveling for later use, wherein the gotten surface crusts are 10mm thick; drying the collected moss crusts in the shade and removing impurities, and then, crushing with a plant crusher, and fully and evenly mixing to make moss crust seed sources; evenly spreading the made moss crust seed sources on the surface of bare loess at the inoculum concentration of 700g/m<2>; under the phytotron condition, cultivating for 40 days. According to the rapid cultivation method disclosed by the invention, through artificial inoculation and a method of setting illumination intensity, surface soil water content and the inoculum concentration, the high-cover degree moss crusts can be formed in 40 days; the rapid cultivation method disclosed by the invention is an effective method for rapidly forming the moss crusts under the indoor condition, and a reference can also be provided for the practice of the quick recovery of the loess plateau field moss crusts.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of environment engineering technology, be specially the fast breeding method of a kind of loess plateau moss crust.
Background technology
Biological Soil Crusts (Biological Soil Crusts, BSCs, be called for short " biological breadcrust ") be organic complex by the plant groups such as edaphon, algae, lichens, liver moss and Zinc fractions, be extensively present in arid, semiarid zone.Form by primary biological, biological breadcrust can be divided into Algae preparation, lichens skinning and moss crust.Wherein, moss crust is the advanced stage that loess plateau biological breadcrust grows succession, because its biological components changes soil physico-chemical property by physiological metabolism activity, promote that Zinc fractions and plant nutrition transform, make moss crust improving soil stability, improve soil nutrient, strengthen Soil Anti-erodibility and promote to play vital effect in the settling down etc. of the foundation of seed bank and vascular plant.
Under natural conditions, growth due to biological breadcrust is subject to various environmental condition (as soil structure, type, radiation activity, landform etc.), many-sided restriction such as resources supplIes (moisture, nutrition) and vegetation, it is very slow that it grows succession, exposed loess needs within more than 15 years, could form stable moss crust.Meanwhile, moss crust is very responsive to various interference (burn, trample, cal rolling etc.), and it needs again the very very long time to recover after being interfered and destroying.Therefore, research affects the key factor that moss crust is grown, and realizes quickly breeding and the recovery of moss crust, has important practice significance for its positive ecological functions of performance.
Bryophyte is the dominant component of moss crust, has extremely important effect to the formation of skinning cortex and maintenance.Correlative study shows, although bryophyte has powerful vegetative propagation and drought-resistant ability, it grows and is still subject to the impact of each side factors such as moisture, illumination and temperature.Some scholars is also studied this respect, and achieves some understanding.But, research in the past mainly concentrates on the bryophyte of the Desert Area such as Tengger desert, Ku Buqi desert and ancient capital Xi'an and some economic worths, bryophyte that medical value is higher, and research Gullied Rolling Loess Region to the bryophyte of obvious soil and water conservation effect also rarely has report.
The existing patent about biological breadcrust quickly breeding is the fast breeding method that patent that Chinese patent (application) number is 200810035554.X provides a kind of desert muskeg and biological breadcrust thereof at present.
Prior art shortcoming: the liver moss provenance used in foregoing invention is from arid-desert areas, because growing of moss crust has very large Spatial Variations, its result of study can not be relatively better at moisture condition, and the Loess Plateau that soil, weather, vegetative coverage condition are different from Desert Area completely is directly applied.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problems of the prior art, the invention provides the fast breeding method of a kind of loess plateau moss crust, by controlling top layer (0-1cm) soil moisture content, intensity of illumination, inoculum concentration (unit are liver moss cauline leaf chip mass) three factors in cultivating process, phytotron is utilized to carry out the culture experiment of moss crust, can be used for moss crust large area cultivate and administer impaired skinning cortex, for Loess Plateau provides the prevention soil and water loss new way of a kind of low cost, high benefit.Its technical scheme is:
A fast breeding method for loess plateau moss crust, comprises the following steps:
1) in the wild under natural conditions, select well-developed moss crust, top layer skinning got by shovel, and thickness is 10mm, for subsequent use;
2) moss crust of collection dried in the shade after removal foreign material, use plant cracker, pulverize 40 seconds, abundant stirring and evenly mixing makes moss crust provenance;
3) by the moss crust provenance of preparation, with inoculum concentration: unit are liver moss cauline leaf quality is 700g/m
2, uniform broadcasting is in exposed loess soil table;
4) put into the indoor cultivation continuously of artificial climate 40 days, form moss crust.
Preferably, step 1) described in moss crust be with autochthonal to tooth moss (Didymodon vinealis (Brid.) Zand.) for sociales.
Preferably, step 2) described in the model FLB100 of plant cracker, rotating speed 28000 revs/min.
Preferably, step 3) described in broadcast sowing thickness be 5mm.
Preferably, step 4) described in the indoor condition of culture of artificial climate be: temperature: daytime/night 20 DEG C/10 DEG C, air humidity: 60%, gas concentration lwevel: 400ppm, photoperiod: 12h, intensity of illumination: 1000lx, Surfaces soil water content: 25%-30%.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
In the arid area of precipitation rareness, many vascular plants cannot long term survival.Bryophyte has very strong physiology drought resistance, and it has extremely important effect to the formation of skinning cortex and maintenance.Relevant field study shows, is that the moss crust of sociales has significant water and soil conservation, checks winds and fixes drifting sand, accumulates soil nutrient and promote the effect of Zinc fractions with bryophyte.But in the wild under nature, moss crust is grown slowly, existing research and technology also mainly concentrate on cultivates desert muskeg skinning aspect.Therefore, the present invention can fill up the blank of moss crust technique for quickly cultivating aspect, loess plateau, also can be the fast quick-recovery practice of loess plateau moss crust and offers reference.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the fast breeding method flow chart of loess plateau of the present invention moss crust;
Fig. 2 is that riko cover degree is over time everywhere;
Fig. 3 be each process liver moss density over time;
Fig. 4 is each process experiment latter stage (the 60th day) Chlorophyll-a Content.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
The present invention carries out the most suitable growth environmental factor combination that comparative trial determines loess plateau moss crust, design three kinds of factors, each factor four levels (referring to table 1), utilize five factor four horizontal quadrature experiment table (referring to table 2) row orthogonal experiments.By the cover degree of results of regular determination moss crust, density and Chlorophyll-a Content, optimize the optimum factor combination of cultivating moss crust.Cover degree and density intuitively can reflect the upgrowth situation of moss crust, and chlorophyll a can reflect the biomass of moss crust.
Table 1 factor and level
Table 2L
16(4
5) orthogonal table
1. materials and methods
1.1 for examination material
1.1.1 moss crust sample
Moss crust sample pick up from ditch one place of Ansai County, Shaanxi Province horse man domatic (north latitude 36 ° 47 ' 58 ", east longitude 109 ° 15 ' 32 ").Sampled point main vegetation is caragana microphylla and willow, and moss crust cover degree is 80%.Measure through slide measure, moss crust average thickness is 11.45 ± 0.51mm (Mean ± SE, n=9).Utilize scuppit to shovel and get moss crust layer, load in clean plastic sack, transport laboratory back and naturally dry in the shade.Choose plant residue, soil block, stone etc. that naked eyes can be debated.Through qualification for examination moss skinning primarily of comparatively Cong Xian section and Bryaceae plant constitution, comprise and autochthonal leaf burr moss (Trichostomum crispulum Bruch.), long point wrinkled to tooth moss Didymodonditrichoides (Broth.) X.J.Li, true moss Bryum ceaspiticium Hedw. etc. of growing thickly to tooth moss (Didymodon vinealis (Brid.) Zand.), Barbula indica (Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng.), with autochthonal to tooth moss (Didymodon vinealis (Brid.) Zand.) for sociales.
1.1.2 medium soil
Medium soil collecting place is identical with moss crust collecting location.For eliminating in skinning cortex the impact of the brood body be scattered, first removing moss crust and the thick soil layer of 0-5cm on the ground, then 5-20cm soil layer is got in pick.Transport to laboratory after gathering soil naturally to dry, after crossing 2mm sieve, place for subsequent use in the cool.
The preparation of 1.2 inoculation materials
First, the original state moss crust plant cracker dried in the shade is pulverized, makes seed soil.Accurately take 10g seed soil, be immersed in the water, filter (liver moss cauline leaf diameter is all greater than 0.1mm, can not lose in filtration) with 0.1mm soil sieve, collect liver moss cauline leaf fragment, dry in the shade.After measured, in unit mass seed soil, liver moss plant cauline leaf chip mass is 120g/Kg.Secondly, seed soil is respectively 4: 0,3: 1,2: 2,1: 3 ratio uniform with medium loess according to mass ratio mix, obtain cauline leaf chip mass in unit mass seed soil be respectively 120,100,80, the inoculation material of 60g/Kg, with loess plateau moss crust layer unit weight 1.15g/cm
3after tiling 5mm, measure through preceding method, inoculum concentration (unit are moss crust cauline leaf chip mass) is respectively: 700,550,400,250g/m
2.
The preparation of 1.3 culture materials
First at cultivation box (length: 242mm, 168mm, 50mm.Bottom even 9 diameters that distribute are the aperture of 6mm) bottom layer overlay gauze.Secondly, will to dry and substrate soil after crossing 2mm sieve loads cultivation box, thickness is 40mm.Finally, tiled on matrix soil according to experimental scheme by the inoculation material of different vaccination amount, thickness is 5mm.
1.4 moss crust incubation
Test completes in Chinese Academy Of Sciences Institute Of Soil And Water Ministry Of Water Resources Conservation's artificial climate indoor.According to existing bibliographical information, indoor for artificial climate temperature, air humidity, gas concentration lwevel, photoperiod are fixed as respectively 20/10 DEG C (daytime/night), 60%, 400ppm, 12h.Culture materials is placed on phytotron to cultivate on platform.Different illumination intensity is realized by the number of plies of sunshade net directly over Control experiment sample.1 the sample specific determination Surfaces soil water content of each process in 4 repeat samples, in order to Fast Measurement, soil moisture content alcohol combustion method measures.At the test initial stage, measured Surfaces soil water content every 1 day, later stage, measured once every 4 days.According to the water content that each process measures, suitably adjust water spraying time, make Surfaces soil water content maintain setting range.In whole process of the test, moss crust growth indexes (cover degree and density) measures once for every 10 days, measures chlorophyll a, the off-test when bio-crust coverage tends towards stability during off-test.
1.5 observation indexs and method
Strain density: evenly choose 9 little frames of 2cm × 2cm in each cultivation box, counts the liver moss strain number in little frame, averages;
Cover degree: the some pin sample frame method adopting Li Xin honor, grid specification is 0.8cm × 0.8cm;
Chlorophyll a: in BSCs research, Most scholars chlorophyll a represents biomass.Concrete assay method: blank pipe samplers sample moss crust in the circle utilizing diameter to be 1.6cm, 4 areas adopted by each cultivation box is 2.01cm
2, thickness is the sample of 5mm.Sample is put into 0.1mm sieve, with tap water, moss crust plant is separated with soil, put into mortar after being dried by liver moss plant, add a small amount of quartz sand, calcium carbonate and 3ml95% ethanol, grind to form homogenate, add 95% ethanol 5mL again, continue to be ground to tissue turned pale.Leave standstill 5min, be filled in the brown volumetric flask of 25mL, and with a small amount of 95% alcohol flushing several, in filter paper and residue till redgreen, finally use 95% ethanol constant volume, colorimetric estimation pigment, with 95% ethanol for blank.Absorbance is measured under 665nm and 649nm.By its concentration of following formulae discovery:
ρ＝13.95×A665nm-6.88×A649nm；
W＝ρ×V×N/S
In formula: ρ-chlorophyll-a concentration (mgL
-1); W-Chlorophyll-a Content (μ gcm
-2);
V-extracting liquid volume (mL); N-extension rate; Sampling Area (the cm of S-sample
2).
2 results and analysis
(1) change of moss crust cover degree
Cover degree is an index that intuitively can reflect that moss crust is grown.Draw by measuring moss crust cover degree in different time sections: (top layer 0-1cm soil moisture content, intensity of illumination, inoculum concentration are respectively 25-30%, 1000Lx, 700g/m in process 16
2) be the optimum factor combination of cultivating loess plateau moss crust, its cover degree reaches 99% on the 40th day in cultivation, covers earth's surface completely.Fig. 2 is that riko cover degree is over time everywhere.
(2) change of moss crust density
Whole nurturing period liver moss density is over time as shown in Figure 3: process 1,2,3,4 liver moss density are all in pole low-level (0.40-0.56 strain/cm in whole experimentation
2).Process 5-16 liver moss density all progressively increases in time, to when testing the 40th day, processes 16 liver moss density the highest, reaches 57.5 strains/cm
2.(Surfaces soil water content, intensity of illumination, inoculum concentration are respectively 25-30%, 1000Lx, 700g/m in process 16
2) be the optimum factor combination of cultivating loess plateau moss crust.
(3) change of moss crust biomass
Analyze different disposal experiment latter stage (the 60th day) Chlorophyll-a Content (Fig. 4) known: experiment processes 16 Chlorophyll-a Contents and be significantly higher than other process (p < 0.01) latter stage, and 16 (Surfaces soil water content, intensity of illumination, inoculum concentration are respectively 25-30%, 1000Lx, 700g/m in process
2) be the optimum factor combination of cultivating loess plateau moss crust.
Soil moisture content under the natural conditions of field, intensity of illumination are wayward, more at precipitation, that temperature is lower season (advising at the beginning of autumn late summer) can be selected, vegetative coverage is area (or taking the method for Shading net covering) preferably, carries out the cultivation of loess plateau moss crust.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment; protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art; in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, the simple transformation of the technical scheme that can obtain apparently or equivalence are replaced and are all fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a fast breeding method for loess plateau moss crust, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) in the wild under natural conditions, select well-developed moss crust, top layer skinning got by shovel, and thickness is 10mm, for subsequent use;
2) moss crust of collection dried in the shade after removal foreign material, use plant cracker, pulverize 40 seconds, abundant stirring and evenly mixing makes moss crust provenance;
3) by the moss crust provenance of preparation, with inoculum concentration: unit are liver moss cauline leaf quality is 700g/m
2, uniform broadcasting is in exposed loess soil table;
4) put into the indoor cultivation continuously of artificial climate 40 days, form moss crust.
2. the fast breeding method of loess plateau according to claim 1 moss crust, is characterized in that, step 1) described in moss crust be with autochthonal to tooth moss for sociales.
3. the fast breeding method of loess plateau according to claim 1 moss crust, is characterized in that, step 2) described in the model FLB100 of plant cracker, rotating speed 28000 revs/min.
4. the fast breeding method of loess plateau according to claim 1 moss crust, is characterized in that, step 3) described in broadcast sowing thickness be 5mm.
5. the fast breeding method of loess plateau according to claim 1 moss crust, it is characterized in that, step 4) described in the indoor condition of culture of artificial climate be: temperature: daytime/night 20 DEG C/10 DEG C, air humidity: 60%, gas concentration lwevel: 400ppm, photoperiod: 12h, intensity of illumination: 1000lx, Surfaces soil water content: 25%-30%.
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| CN105092495A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-11-25 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Measuring method for algae biomass in biological soil crust |
| CN106717234A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | A kind of method for improving artificial culture mosses skinning drought-resistant ability |
| CN106900322A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | The engineering wound-surface Ecological recovery technology of moss crust |
| CN107135792A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-08 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | It is a kind of to be used for the method for restoration of the ecosystem to tooth moss |
| CN108782089A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-11-13 | 永嘉县原野园林工程有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of moss |
| CN109463254A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-15 | 昆明理工大学 | A method of accelerate barren rock at soil using moss |
| CN111492744A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-07 | 江西离子型稀土工程技术研究有限公司 | Rapid cultivation method for forming biological soil crust by using ionic rare earth waste mine soil and application of rapid cultivation method |
| CN113287478A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Rapid cultivation method for moss crusts |
| CN113287382A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-24 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Algal fungus skinning cultivation method suitable for calcareous sandy soil of island reef of south China sea coral |
| CN113317153A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-08-31 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Rapid cultivation method of polar moss |
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| CN115735685A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-07 | 成都理工大学 | Ecological restoration method of triphase symbiosis technology |
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| CN106717234A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | A kind of method for improving artificial culture mosses skinning drought-resistant ability |
| CN106900322A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | The engineering wound-surface Ecological recovery technology of moss crust |
| CN107135792A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-08 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | It is a kind of to be used for the method for restoration of the ecosystem to tooth moss |
| CN108782089A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-11-13 | 永嘉县原野园林工程有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of moss |
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| CN113317153A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-08-31 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Rapid cultivation method of polar moss |
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| CN113287478A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Rapid cultivation method for moss crusts |
| CN113906854A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-11 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Method for treating saline-alkali soil in arid region by utilizing artificial composite biological crust |
| CN114642162A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-06-21 | 常大君 | Cultivation method of trichophyton caninum |
| CN115304419A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-08 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Preparation method and application of moss cortex |
| CN115299329A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-08 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Method for culturing odontopathy and application thereof |
| CN115735685A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-07 | 成都理工大学 | Ecological restoration method of triphase symbiosis technology |
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