CN102138508A - Method for greening and protecting steep road side slope by using biological crust - Google Patents
Method for greening and protecting steep road side slope by using biological crust Download PDFInfo
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- CN102138508A CN102138508A CN2011100692865A CN201110069286A CN102138508A CN 102138508 A CN102138508 A CN 102138508A CN 2011100692865 A CN2011100692865 A CN 2011100692865A CN 201110069286 A CN201110069286 A CN 201110069286A CN 102138508 A CN102138508 A CN 102138508A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological crust composition for greening and protecting a steep road side slope and application thereof. The biological crust composition for greening and protecting the steep road side slope, provided by the invention, comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200-500 parts of biological crust source, 500-1,000 parts of fine earth, 3-5 parts of nitrogen, 5-7 parts of phosphorous, 6-9 parts of potassium, 50-60 parts of water retention agent, 5-10 parts of adhesive and 50-70 parts of coarse fiber. The invention also provides a method for greening and protecting the steep road side slope by using the biological crust composition. A biological crust with a high degree of coverage can be formed in a short period of time by adopting an artificial inoculating and culturing method, so that the steep road side slope is covered, greened and effectively protected. The method has the advantages of low cost, easiness, convenience, quickness, extensive management and easiness in maintenance and popularization, and is an effective method for greening and protecting the steep road side slope.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to side slope protection and ecological environment treatment field, the method for particularly utilizing biological breadcrust that precipitous road slope is afforested and protected.
Background technology
China is the country on mountain more than, and mountain region, hills and plateau with a varied topography account for more than 50% of area.Owing to limited by landform, mountain road (highway and railway) navigates between the mountains and rivers, river valley mostly.Therefore, the excavation to the cubic metre of earth and stone along the line has formed a large amount of road slopes in the constructing road process.The excavation of these road slopes has destroyed original surface vegetation, has formed a large amount of exposed soils, has caused serious water and soil loss, and local natural landscape and ecotope have been caused very big destruction.Simultaneously, exposed road slope is unfavorable for that the driver and conductor keeps pleasure, causes visual fatigue easily, and reduces driving comfort and safety factor of travel.In addition, exposed road slope suffers wind-force deflation and water erosion easily, and side slope unstability easily under long term causes the landslide, caves in and natural calamity such as debris flow, thereby road safety is constituted potential threat.For these reasons, the road slope protection is the link of paying close attention in highway and the railway construction always.
The road slope protection comprises several different methods such as biological protection, slope protection, stone-laying protection, anchor pole protection, friction pile protection, retaining wall protection.Wherein, biological protection is meant plants such as planting rattan, grass, filling on road slope, to reduce raindrop sputter and wind-force deflation, utilizes the consolidation of root system of plant to improve the corrosion resistance of side slope soil simultaneously, thereby realizes the purpose of protection road slope.Biological protection have the construction period short, cost is low, landscape effect good, longer duration, multiple advantage such as easy to maintenance, is the first-selected measure of soil-slope protection.
In areas such as loess plateaus, because soil has orthostatic preferably, therefore under the prerequisite that guarantees road slope stability, highway layout side has reasonably kept a large amount of precipitous road slopes for reducing construction volume and building cost.The gradient of these road slopes is mostly more than 60 °, even higher.Although the stability of these precipitous road slopes guarantees to some extent, for beautification of landscape with the purpose of the water erosion that prevents to erode, it is afforested and protect still be very important.Yet, to compare with the ordinary road side slope, the plant growing condition of precipitous road slope is more abominable.Be subjected to the precipitous influence of the gradient, hold on the precipitous road slope that the rain area is little, evaporation is strong, soil moisture is deficient, simultaneously soil compaction, nutrient is barren, illumination is not enough, these conditions are unfavorable for that all seed germination is taken root and growth and development of plants on the precipitous side slope, moreover, precipitous side slope causes very big difficulty also can for sowing of filling grass and plant cultivating.Therefore, common biological protection measure scarcely is applicable to precipitous road slope.
Biological breadcrust is arid, semiarid zone a kind of ground cover of generally growing, and it is the compound level that is formed by microorganisms such as bacterium, fungi, liver moss, algae and lichens and topsoil interaction, and thickness can reach more than the 30mm.Adverse circumstances such as biological breadcrust is barren to high temperature, low temperature, ultraviolet ray and nutrient, drought stress have very strong adaptability and resistivity, and the cover degree height has important ecological functions simultaneously.On the one hand, biological breadcrust can pass through fixed carbon nitrogen, reduces soil pH, increase effects such as edaphon and enzymic activity, improves the content and the validity of the soil organic matter and part nutritive element, thereby improves the soil nutrient level; On the other hand, biological breadcrust also can improve soil structure, increase the stability of topsoil, reduces the erosion of soil with wind-force and waterpower.The high cover degree of biological breadcrust, to the adaptability of adverse circumstance and resistivity, with and important ecological functions and to effective protection of soil under the skinning cortex, show that biological breadcrust may have critical function and remarkable result aspect the precipitous road slope protection.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of biological breadcrust composition and application thereof that is used for precipitous road slope greening and protection.
The biological breadcrust composition that is used for precipitous road slope greening and protection provided by the invention, contain following components by part by weight:
Wherein, fine earth was preferably the fine earth of 1mm sieve.
In an embodiment preferred of the present invention, described biological breadcrust provenance is selected from the biological breadcrust that grow naturally arid, semiarid zone.
Described biological breadcrust provenance is captured in rainy season and the face of land carries out when comparatively dry, should establish a plurality of collection points at different terrain, soil, vegetation during collection, gathers respectively, to guarantee the representativeness and the adaptability of the provenance of being gathered.
Among the present invention, described biological breadcrust provenance its water content of control before the preparation composition is 4～6%, is preferably 5%.
Among the present invention, the biological breadcrust provenance of gathering is pulverized, the equivalent diameter after the pulverizing is 1.0～1.5mm, is preferably 1.2mm.
Wherein, described water-loss reducer can be selected the water-loss reducer that is used for greening side slope well known in the art for use, can be starch based, cellulose family and synthetic resin water-loss reducer, be preferably the resinae water-loss reducer, as polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol oxide class, most preferably be Sodium Polyacrylate and/or polyacrylamide.
Described adhesive can be selected the known adhesive that is used for greening side slope of ability for use, can be silicates, emulsified asphalt class, plant or animal glue class and macromolecule resin class adhesive, be preferably macromolecule resin class adhesive,, most preferably be Lauxite as polyvinyl alcohol and Lauxite.
Described raw fiber can be selected the known raw fiber that is used for greening side slope of ability for use, is preferably the raw fiber of leguminous herbaceous plant, most preferably is the raw fiber of alfalfa.
The present invention also provides described biological breadcrust preparation of compositions method, with the biological breadcrust provenance, with fine earth, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, water-loss reducer, adhesive, raw fiber and water mixing, can prepare in proportion.Wherein, preferred fine earth is for sieving through 1mm.
The present invention also provides the method for utilizing described biological breadcrust composition that precipitous road slope is afforested and protected, its be with the artificial infection of described biological breadcrust composition in exposed precipitous road slope, cultivate biological breadcrust, make it cover exposed soil table.
In the method for utilizing described biological breadcrust composition that precipitous road slope is afforested and protected provided by the invention, specifically comprise the steps:
1) select well-developed natural biology skinning, it is standby that shovel is got the thick skinning cortex of top layer 10～30mm;
2) biological breadcrust of gathering is dried in the shade, pulverize behind the removal foreign material, fully stirring and evenly mixing is made the biological breadcrust provenance;
3) remove and to carry out behind the foreign material of precipitous road slope smoothly, compacting increases roughness to the face of land and handles;
4) with the water mixing of described biological breadcrust composition and 1.5～6.0 times of weight, evenly be sprayed on road slope, and cover with the sunshade net;
5) the control suitable condition promotes the biological breadcrust growth, comprise water, topdress, desinsection and weeding a garden.
Wherein, described increase roughness is handled and is comprised the smooth domatic nylon wire that one to multiple layer was handled and/or laid to plucking that carries out.
Wherein, use the hydraulic pressure spray seeder to spray the biological breadcrust composition.
Among the present invention, the amount of the sprinkling of described biological breadcrust composition and the mixed composition of water is 3.5-7.0kg/m
2Side slope.
In one embodiment of the invention, keep the moistening of inoculation ground after the inoculation biological breadcrust provenance, inoculation back preceding 15 day every day 1 time, 16～30 days per 2 days 1 time, stop to water after 30 days.
In another embodiment of the invention, described topdressing carried out after 30～40 days in the inoculation back, and fertilizing amount is nitrogen 2～3g/m
2, phosphorus 3～5g/m
2, potassium 4～6g/m
2
In another embodiment of the invention, also comprise and use agricultural chemicals, as dichlorvos soil insect is prevented and treated.
The invention reside in and gather the biological breadcrust that nature is grown, be that provenance is carried out artificial infection to precipitous road slope with it, and creates various suitable conditions and promote its growth, thus the purpose that realization is afforested and protected precipitous road slope.The biological breadcrust provenance of this multiple spot collection comes from local natural conditions fully, and wherein microbial population is rational in infrastructure, therefore can adapt to local weather and soil condition fully.Under the cooperation of control measures such as manually spraying water, apply fertilizer, shade, the side slope of artificial infection biological breadcrust can grow macroscopic algae and liver moss plant about 20 days, height can reach 1～5mm, plaquelike biological breadcrust can be formed on the side slope after 2 months, the thick biological breadcrust layer of about 0.5cm can be formed after 6～10 months.At this moment, the cover degree of biological breadcrust can reach about 40%, and new biological breadcrust of growing makes road slope be tangible bottle green.This patented technology is widely used in loess plateau and other soil orthostatic area preferably, and the greening and the protection of the exposed road slope in this area had important value.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effect:
(1) biological breadcrust of growing naturally with the locality is a provenance, microbial population is rational in infrastructure in this provenance, therefore adaptability is strong, transit time short, can breed rapidly, with provenance evenly inoculation go into expose the biological breadcrust that can form high cover degree behind the road slope rapidly, cover greening and effectively protect thereby precipitous road slope formed;
(2) compare with other road slope protection works measure (three-dimension vegetative net, plant cover concrete, stone-laying skeleton grass planting, geotechnical grid grass planting, plant and give birth to band etc.), this method is with low cost, simple and efficient, extensive management, maintenance easily, be easy to promote;
(3) the biological breadcrust cover degree height, the afforestation effect that form on precipitous road slope of this method is good, the beautification of landscape effect is remarkable, can significantly promote driver and conductor's driving comfort level and safety factor of travel, good, the harmonious degree height of environment of ecological effect has positive role to local eco-environment restoration simultaneously;
(4) biological breadcrust of this method formation is strong to precipitous road slope cover degree height, solid native ability, simultaneously can effectively increase rainwater infiltrates, thereby reduce run-off and slope wash effect, therefore can form effective protection, the stability that improves road slope is had important function road slope;
(5) the biological breadcrust bank protection of this method formation can continue to improve soil moisture and the nutrient condition on the precipitous road slope, continue to improve the stability of road slope soil simultaneously, therefore its greening and protective action to precipitous road slope has long-term sustainable, can fundamentally solve the protection question of precipitous road slope.
This technology for reduce precipitous road slope exposed, strengthen road slope stability, the landscape effect that improves road slope and environment harmony degree, finally promote the value that driver and conductor's driving comfort and safety factor of travel and reduction constructing road cost etc. have outbalance.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.If do not specify, be used to finish article of the present invention and all can commercially availablely obtain.
The greening and the protection of the precipitous road slope of embodiment 1 northern Shensi Loess Plateau Region
The test site is positioned at Xigou ditch township She Gedacun of Yulin City Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province, and (110 ° of 22 ' E, 38 ° 48 ' N), mean annual precipitation is 409mm, belongs to loess plateau water erosion wind erosion ecotone.Selected side slope is the road slope that this village in 2003 forms when building at village level road, the high about 8m of side slope, wide about 12m, 75 ° of the gradients.This side slope artificial and that machine excavation back forms is comparatively smooth smooth, though formed the several years, because plant growing condition is abominable, therefore is in complete naked state for a long time, and has had the shallow ridges that runoff washes away formation, belongs to the typical precipitous road slope in loess area.
At above-mentioned selected precipitous road slope, present embodiment is at first gathered the biological breadcrust provenance in the locality.The biological breadcrust of this area is based on liver moss, and essentialspecies is autochthonal turn round a mouthful moss (Barbula vinealis), the true moss in polar region (Bryum arcticum (R.Brown) B.S.G.) and true moss (Bryum argenteum Hedw.), and other liver moss kind is comparatively rare.Present embodiment has been selected 14 sampling points under different aspects, vegetation, the soil condition altogether, shovel is got the thick biological breadcrust layer of the about 2cm in the face of land, provenance is gathered by institute take back indoor drying in the shade, use common cracker (sieve diameter 1.2mm) with its pulverizing after removing foreign material such as deadwood, fallen leaves, gravel, it is standby that fully stirring and evenly mixing is placed on shady and cool place.
To selected, the pending capable cleaning of precipitous road slope and smooth, remove foreign material such as plant undesirable root, deadwood, fallen leaves, gravel on the side slope, fill and lead up hollow place and gully, and surface dust is carried out compacting, simultaneously the too smooth domatic plucking that carries out is handled to increase roughness of ground surface.
With prepared biological breadcrust provenance with 0.5kg/m
2Inoculum concentration and 1kg/m
2The fine earth of crossing the 1mm sieve mixes, and sneaks into nitrogenous 5g/m simultaneously
2Urea and phosphorous 5g/m
2Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (contain potassium 6.3g/m simultaneously
2), and add 50g/m
2Polyacrylamide and 5g/m
2Lauxite and 50g/m
2The alfalfa raw fiber.With said mixture and 5L/m
2The water mixing after, be prepared into the biological breadcrust composition.Use the hydraulic pressure spray seeder that the biological breadcrust composition evenly is sprayed to the road slope that passes through pre-treatment, on side slope, cover common sunshade net after finishing.More than Jie Zhong time is late June, is the period that the locality is about to enter rainy season.
Inoculation is finished the back and was worked the shower nozzle that uses water droplet fully to atomize on the 2nd day and water, and waters repeatedly being principle on a small quantity, and carefully avoids current directly to impact soil table and formation rainwash.Water postvaccinal preceding 15 day every day 1 time, 15～30 days per 2 days 1 time, can stop to water after 30 days, water at every turn and all carry out between the lights.After biological breadcrust is inoculated the 37th day, spray nitrogenous 2g/m
2Urea and phosphorous 3g/m
2, contain potassium 3.8g/m
2Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, regularly spray simultaneously dichlorvos and prevent that soil animal such as mole cricket from destroying domatic soil table.
Inoculation artifact skinning is bred rapidly, especially enters artifact skinning growth in rainy season rapidly, inoculates the back 30 days domatic peak greens that presented in the left and right sides, has formed comparatively continuous biological breadcrust layer during to 90 days, and its cover degree reaches about 40%.When finished rainy season to 1 year, biological breadcrust covered the face of land substantially fully, and cover degree is near 100%, and this moment, the biological breadcrust layer thickness reached 2～8mm, was tangible bottle green.The biological breadcrust of artificial culture and the biological breadcrust of growing are naturally compared, find that the two is basic identical at aspects such as constituent, morphological features, show that the formed biological breadcrust of artificial culture is similar biological breadcrust with the biological breadcrust of growing naturally, but the two is bigger in aspect difference such as skinning thickness, liver moss density.
Compare with the precipitous road slope of handling, the road slope landscape effect after biological breadcrust is handled is better.Simultaneously, there is the shallow ridges that many runoffs wash away formation on the untreated road slope, but do not find the existence of gulley on the road slope after the biological breadcrust processing.This shows that biological breadcrust provides the better protect effect to precipitous road slope, has effectively avoided side slope surface washed away by runoff, has road slope safeguard function preferably.
Present embodiment shows, on the precipitous road slope in loess plateau, cultivates biological breadcrust by the method for artificial infection, is feasible thereby precipitous road slope is afforested and protected.Naturally growing biological breadcrust with the locality is provenance, carry out artificial infection and cultivation through 1 rainy season after, the cover degree of biological breadcrust can reach 40%, through 2 rainy season the artifact skinning cover degree near 100%, cover side slope surface basically fully.Simultaneously, the biological breadcrust that cultivate to form on the precipitous road slope can effectively reduce runoff to the washing away of domatic soil, and water and soil loss has and significantly prevents and treats function to side slope, is a kind of effective ways of precipitous road slope protection.
Embodiment 2
Substantially with embodiment 1, wherein, the proportioning of biological breadcrust composition is as follows:
With 0.3kg/m
2Biological breadcrust and 0.5kg/m
2The fine earth of crossing the 1mm sieve mixes, and sneaks into nitrogenous 3g/m simultaneously
2Urea and phosphorous 7g/m
2Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (contain potassium 8.8g/m simultaneously
2), and add 60g/m
2Polyacrylamide and 7g/m
2Lauxite and 70g/m
2The alfalfa raw fiber.With said mixture and 3L/m
2The water mixing after, be prepared into the biological breadcrust composition.
Biological breadcrust composition with said components is afforested the precipitous side slope among the embodiment 1, has also reached the identical effect with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Substantially with embodiment 1, wherein, the proportioning of biological breadcrust composition is as follows:
With 0.4kg/m
2Biological breadcrust and 1kg/m
2The fine earth of crossing the 1mm sieve mixes, and sneaks into nitrogenous 4g/m simultaneously
2Urea and phosphorous 6g/m
2Superphosphate and contain potassium 8g/m
2Potassium chloride, and add 55g/m
2Sodium Polyacrylate and 6g/m
2Polyvinyl alcohol and 70g/m
2The alfalfa raw fiber.With said mixture and 4L/m
2The water mixing after, be prepared into the biological breadcrust composition.
Biological breadcrust composition with said components is afforested the precipitous side slope among the embodiment 1, has also reached the identical effect with embodiment 1.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is used for the biological breadcrust composition that precipitous road slope is afforested and protected, and it is characterized in that said composition contains following components by part by weight:
2. biological breadcrust composition according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described biological breadcrust provenance is gathered when comparatively dry on rainy season and the face of land, should establish a plurality of collection points at different terrain, soil, vegetation during collection, gather respectively, to guarantee the representativeness and the adaptability of the provenance of being gathered.
3. biological breadcrust composition according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described biological breadcrust provenance is pulverized after collection, and the equivalent diameter after the pulverizing is 1.0～1.5mm.
4. each described biological breadcrust method for compositions of preparation claim 1～3 is characterized in that, with the biological breadcrust provenance, in proportion with fine earth, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, water-loss reducer, binding agent, raw fiber and water mixing.
5. method of utilizing each described biological breadcrust composition of claim 1～3 that precipitous road slope is afforested and protected, it is characterized in that, with the artificial infection of the described biological breadcrust composition of claim 1 in exposed precipitous road slope, cultivate biological breadcrust, make it cover exposed soil table.
6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, specifically comprises the steps:
1) select well-developed natural biology skinning, it is standby that shovel is got the thick skinning cortex of top layer 10～30mm;
2) biological breadcrust of gathering is dried in the shade, pulverize behind the removal foreign material, fully stirring and evenly mixing is made the biological breadcrust provenance;
3) remove and to carry out behind the foreign material of precipitous road slope smoothly, compacting increases roughness to the face of land and handles;
4) with the water mixing of described biological breadcrust composition and 1.5～6.0 times of weight, evenly be sprayed on road slope, and cover with the sunshade net;
5) the control suitable condition promotes the biological breadcrust growth, comprise water, topdress, desinsection and weeding a garden.
7. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described increase roughness is handled and comprised the smooth domatic nylon wire that one to multiple layer was handled and/or laid to plucking that carries out.
8. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, uses the hydraulic pressure spray seeder to spray, and the amount of described sprinkling is 3.5～7.0kg/m
2Side slope.
9. according to the described method of claim 6, it is characterized in that, keep the moistening of inoculation ground after the inoculation biological breadcrust provenance, inoculation back preceding 15 day every day 1 time, 16～30 days per 2 days 1 time, stop to water after 30 days.
10. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described topdressing carried out after 30～40 days in the inoculation back, and fertilizing amount is nitrogen 2～3g/m
2, phosphorus 3～5g/m
2, potassium 4～6g/m
2
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| CN106638339A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-05-10 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Algae blanket and preparing method thereof |
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| CN104061880A (en) * | 2014-06-21 | 2014-09-24 | 河南科技大学 | Method for determining biological soil crust coverage |
| CN104380959A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-03-04 | 西北农林科技大学 | Rapid cultivation method for loess plateau moss crusts |
| CN106638339A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-05-10 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Algae blanket and preparing method thereof |
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| CN107094468A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-08-29 | 吕梁学院 | The fast breeding method of expressway slope section moss crust layer |
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| CN109320174A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-12 | 泉州师范学院 | Tool efficiently cuts dirty and rapid shaping vegetation ability green concrete material and application |
| CN109831955A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-06-04 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of solid indigenous method and terraced fields ecological slope protection structure of terraced fields |
| CN110720360B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-10-19 | 四川省草原科学研究院 | Slope protection hydraulic spray seeding matrix and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110720360A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-01-24 | 四川省草原科学研究院 | Slope protection hydraulic spray seeding matrix and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113943581A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2022-01-18 | 北京航天恒丰科技股份有限公司 | Application of biological skinning composition to rock slope |
| CN115304419A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-08 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Preparation method and application of moss cortex |
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