CN109320174B

CN109320174B - Greening concrete material with high-efficiency dirt-intercepting and rapid vegetation forming capabilities and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN109320174B
Application number: CN201811360775.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈楷翰
Original assignee: Quanzhou Normal University
Current assignee: Quanzhou Normal University
Priority date: 2018-11-15
Filing date: 2018-11-15
Publication date: 2021-04-09
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-15
Also published as: CN109320174A

Abstract

The invention discloses a greening concrete material with high-efficiency dirt interception and rapid vegetation forming capabilities and application thereof, wherein the raw materials comprise high-viscosity quick-setting cement, aggregate and toughening fiber, the high-viscosity quick-setting cement is stirred and mixed with the aggregate after being dissolved by a solvent to prepare the greening concrete material, and the toughening fiber is added with the aggregate and stirred and mixed after being dissolved by water in the high-viscosity quick-setting cement; the raw materials can also be doped with a rooting agent to assist vegetation to promote growth, the partition wall prepared by the material is very easy to green and fix and capture pollutants, when the conventional hygrophyte and the salt-tolerant plant are flexibly selected for planting, the partition wall has an isolation facility and an environment purification facility after the hygrophyte and the salt-tolerant plant are combined, and meanwhile, the partition wall has obvious landscape characteristics.

Description

Greening concrete material with high-efficiency dirt-intercepting and rapid vegetation forming capabilities and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of greening engineering materials, in particular to a greening concrete material with the capabilities of efficiently intercepting pollutants and quickly forming vegetation and application thereof.

Background

The existing greening concrete has the defects of weak dirt intercepting capability, difficulty in rapidly assisting vegetation growth and easiness in generating secondary pollution in the application process, so that the existing greening concrete is more and more difficult to adapt to the requirements of existing constructors.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the conditions of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a greening concrete material which has wide application, strong dirt intercepting capability and simple and convenient forming operation, has the capabilities of efficiently intercepting dirt and quickly forming vegetation and application thereof.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the greening concrete material with the functions of efficiently intercepting dirt and quickly forming vegetation comprises the raw materials of high-viscosity quick-setting cement and aggregate, wherein the greening concrete material is prepared by dissolving the high-viscosity quick-setting cement with a solvent and then stirring and mixing the dissolved high-viscosity quick-setting cement with the aggregate.

Furthermore, the raw materials also comprise toughening fibers, and the toughening fibers are added with the aggregate and stirred and mixed after the high-viscosity quick-setting cement is dissolved by adding water.

Preferably, the toughening fibers are alkali-free glass fibers, asbestos fibers or ceramic fibers.

The requirement is prepared aiming at the characteristics of porosity and low strength of ecological concrete, the effect of toughening cement on a microstructure is achieved, and the ecological concrete is reported to use common toughening fibers of concrete such as polyester fibers and polyethylene fibers, but the fibers have poor weather resistance, so that the later strength of the ecological concrete is insufficient.

Furthermore, the raw materials are also doped with a rooting agent, and the dosage of the rooting agent is 0.0005 to 0.1 percent of the parts of the high-viscosity quick-setting cement.

Further, the raw materials of the high-viscosity quick-setting cement comprise high-alumina cement, portland cement and polyvinyl alcohol; the high-alumina cement is mainly prepared by mixing 100 parts of high-alumina cement and 0.5-3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol to prepare an aqueous solution with a proper concentration, and then adding 5-50 parts of portland cement as a coagulant for mixing, wherein the high-alumina cement has the capacity of capturing substances such as humic acid, phosphorus and the like for a long time and is low in alkalinity.

Furthermore, the aggregate is blast furnace water granulated slag, light concrete fragments or volcano pumice, rock wool, fine coal slag, high-calcium light aggregate such as perlite, volcanic ash and the like, and the coarse and fine particles are not graded.

Further, the aggregate is pre-treated by dipping in a mixture of a soil strain, an algae mixture and an enzyme preparation before mixing and stirring.

Wherein, the aggregate is not limited to the above, and also comprises similar porous microorganism modified high calcium magnesium volcanic ash fine aggregate (such as rock wool, fine coal slag, high calcium lightweight aggregate such as perlite, volcanic ash and the like which are soaked in 0.005-0.1 part of soil bacteria/algae species-enzyme preparation mixture) to form a volcanic ash-like soil structure, the aggregate is usually selected from 0.2-5 cm specification, different particle sizes are combined, mixing with high-viscosity quick-setting cement to form loose and porous solidified body, forming microbial film after mixing, therefore, the traditional ecological concrete is not required to be mixed with low-specific-surface-area broken stones, other materials with low calcium, magnesium and aluminum contents and poor sludge dissolved matter capturing capacity and the like, otherwise, the retention time of percolate is insufficient, so that a thick wall body is required to meet the requirement, and the cost is greatly increased; in addition, the porous light material has good heat preservation performance in winter, the addition amount of the porous light material can be determined by combining the field construction condition, wherein 200-1000 parts of aggregate and 2-10 parts of toughening fiber can be added to every 100 parts of high-viscosity quick-setting cement.

In addition, the requirement on the physical index of the aggregate is also for the good aggregate-attached growth of plant roots, and the conventional ecological concrete has the advantages that the aggregate does not have strict requirements on specific surface area, phosphorus capture and organic acid, and the traditional concrete binder has high fluidity and low viscosity, so that the surface of the aggregate is often covered after construction, a complete microbial film needs to be formed for a long time, the water retention capacity is poor, the vegetation growth difficulty is high, the equipment can be used for a long time after the equipment is finished, and the capacity of purifying waste gas and waste water of the material is correspondingly weak when the equipment is used.

Further, the solvent is water or a polyacrylamide aqueous solution with the concentration of 5-50 mg/L.

According to the application of the greening concrete material with the capabilities of efficiently intercepting sewage and quickly forming vegetation, the greening concrete material is poured into a separation wall through a vibration forming process and is used for protecting the surface of a bank, protecting a wetland landscape cofferdam, protecting a garbage stacking treatment pool or protecting a side slope green belt.

Furthermore, the cross section of the partition wall is of a trapezoidal structure and comprises a mineral layer, a non-woven fabric layer and a greening concrete material layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside.

By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the technology of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

in the formula system structure, the high-viscosity quick-setting cement prepared by the scheme of the invention has large correlation between the water cement ratio and the construction time and has large performance relation, the polyvinyl alcohol is a key point in the formula system, the polyvinyl alcohol is not matched with the high-alumina cement, the extremely high-viscosity slurry cannot be formed, and the polyvinyl alcohol has good biochemical degradation capability and no subsequent pollution. The greening concrete material prepared by mixing the high-alumina cement, the mixed powder of the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol and a small amount of low-alkalinity composite cement mainly containing portland cement has the advantages of rapid water-breakthrough solidification and high viscosity, is different from the traditional greening concrete by only using the formula of sulphoaluminate cement, high-alumina cement and portland cement in that the high-speed solidification and the sticking capacity are strong, and is different from tunnel injection cement in that a small amount of rooting agents such as naphthylacetic acid and the like are doped inside for slow release.

The scheme of the invention has the macroscopic characteristics different from the conventional greening concrete in material that: after the high-viscosity quick-setting cement is added with a solvent (the high-viscosity quick-setting cement can be directly used by water when operated on shore, and 5-50mg/l of polyacrylamide aqueous solution is used when operated under water), the high-viscosity quick-setting cement and aggregate are quickly mixed to form a porous and viscous material, the porous and viscous material is poured into a template to be fixed, and a reinforcement and an anchoring piece are wrapped inside the template. Because the polyvinyl alcohol cement and the high-alumina cement are pre-reacted to generate a cementing material with extremely high viscosity, and meanwhile, the cement paste has poor fluidity and does not obviously flow even if strongly vibrated, the porous viscous state is ensured to be kept in construction, and the common defects of the traditional materials of the existing greening concrete are avoided, namely the construction performance is poor due to the good fluidity and poor viscosity of the cement paste, and the cement is easy to block holes and flow to the lower part of a pouring body; when the cement consumption is less, the impact resistance and the toughness are poor, and the cracking is easy to occur; when the aggregate with large specific surface area is used, most of the surface is covered by the cement, and the effect of large specific surface area is lost.

In application and implementation, the greening concrete of the scheme of the invention can be formed into an auxiliary facility of the sludge landscape type conversion ditch through pouring and vibrating the template after the reinforcement structure is adopted, is used for enabling the lower part of the bank surface to go to the bank from the water, is used for stabilizing the greening area of the sludge landscape type conversion ditch above, can also be used as an edge cofferdam of wetland landscape, emergency stacking treatment of rural garbage, emergency greening of side slopes and the like, has slightly higher cost than the traditional greening concrete, is suitable for reliable and rapid emergency engineering, and has certain water carrying operation and solidification capacity.

After the material is used for constructing the isolation wall, the obvious advantages are shown as follows: the isolation wall body has the advantages of large specific surface area, obviously optimized surface biological affinity, easy greening and fixed pollutant capture, combination of the conventional hygrophyte and the salt-tolerant plant when the hygrophyte and the salt-tolerant plant are flexibly selected for planting, isolation facilities and environment purification facilities, and obvious landscape characteristics.

Spent solids are deposited directly into the facility for gradual digestion, usually aided by a cover at the top of the facility. The invention is mainly used for long-term landscaping greening engineering, and generally temporary use of simple active filler sandbags is preferred.

The difference of the technology mainly from the conventional greening concrete lies in

1. The reinforcement and anchoring material is mainly formed by piling on a river levee as an anchoring part, various long fiber macroporous nets are used as reinforcement materials, and the reinforcement materials are optimally plastic-coated wire nets bound on the piles.

The use of reinforcement and anchoring materials may be embodied as:

the greening concrete material prepared by the scheme of the invention is filled in the Bingge gabion to form a wall body, and reinforced and anchored materials are arranged in the Bingge gabion;

the greening concrete material porous wall body manufactured by the scheme of the invention has reinforced and anchored materials in the wall body;

the wall structure is preferably a porous wall body with an outer layer formed by the green concrete material as a coarse filter layer, a non-woven fabric in the middle and an inner layer formed by mineral-non-woven fabric sand-coated fine filter layer, so as to prevent garbage particles from blocking the ecological concrete. The reason for using the non-woven fabrics in the middle is that in order to prevent the damage of the mineral sand bag in the early construction, the mineral particles block the ecological concrete, and the seepage water is uniformly distributed by utilizing the water conductivity of the non-woven fabrics, so that the later plant root system is not interfered to enter the mineral sand bag from the outer wall and even enter the waste solid.

The wall body generally presents a trapezoidal structure, and the method of coating bentonite on different using amounts of the middle non-woven fabric in the construction process is used for controlling leachate to flow out of the wall body more uniformly, otherwise, the problem that leachate mainly seeps out of the wall root instead of uniform seepage can occur. The mineral sand bag is firstly coated with a non-woven fabric irrigation experiment test coating, and the outer layer of the greening concrete is built after the test coating.

2. The aggregate is adopted to form a volcanic ash soil structure, so that the greening concrete can be formed within 15-60 minutes and can be used after 3 days, and due to the particularity of a mineral component-microbial system, the capabilities of capturing humic acid, growing bacterial algae membrane and efficiently filtering and the requirements of temporary rapid construction and application which are far higher than those of common greening concrete can be established; the other characteristic is that because the function of purifying the percolating water is required to be taken into consideration, the biological habitat is not required to be formed on the surface of the greening concrete slowly, but the ecological activation of the surface is required before the greening concrete is used, namely weak acid fermentation liquor is firstly sprayed on the greening concrete wall, after the greening concrete wall is neutralized to be nearly dry with weak alkalinity, 100 parts of mixture of starch 1-20 parts, soil microorganism composite bacteria and algae groups and the molar ratio of calcium and magnesium minerals of 1: 0.3-1: 3, 0.001-0.01 part of commercially available enzyme preparation and 0.1-2 parts of polyacrylamide are prepared into slurry for spraying, so that a layer of bacterial membrane and calcium and magnesium minerals are formed on the surface of the greening concrete, the capability of degrading and fixing phosphorus and nitrogen organic matters in sludge percolate is achieved, and simultaneously the polyacrylamide is combined with aluminum ions released by background high-alumina cement to form a gradient cross-linked high water absorption gel thin layer, thereby being beneficial to the surface humidity of the greening concrete, is beneficial to the growth of microorganisms and vegetation added externally.

If the construction time is compact, yeast and lactic acid bacteria can be directly added into the treatment liquid for pre-fermentation, and the treatment liquid is changed into weakly acidic flora mixed liquid.

3. When the material is formed, in underwater operation or rainy season, 5-50mg/l of polyacrylamide aqueous solution is used as water for forming the concrete so as to facilitate flocculation and coagulation of cement, and when the concentration of the amide is too high, the amide is coagulated and embedded with cement powder, so that the strength of a coagulated body is greatly reduced.

4. The green concrete is commonly used together with organic fertilizer precursors such as desilting sludge, sewage plant sludge and forest litter, the organic fertilizer precursors are used as plant fertilizer sources, and the green concrete is used as an embedding, storing and purifying device of the organic fertilizer precursors.

In addition, through CNKI query retrieval and knowledge of engineering documents, the existing fiber-toughened and anti-cracking green concrete needs longer forming time, and reports of forming a super absorbent gel thin layer and microorganism/calcium-magnesium mineral surface by surface ecological activation before use are not seen, so that the rapid survival of organisms on the surface is not facilitated. For example, the patent CN200410102797.2 low alkalinity ecological concrete is information disclosed in the use of rapidly solidified high alumina cement, but the inventor conducts experiments according to the formula to find that the workability is not good, the cement is easy to block holes, and the key reason for analyzing is that the high viscosity gel material is not formed by utilizing the composite reaction of the high alumina cement and polyvinyl alcohol; the cement has less impact resistance and poor toughness, and is easy to crack in the later period, and the key reason for analyzing the cement is that the mineral fiber is not toughened; the surface is also difficult to form an early water-retaining layer and a bacteria-algae film quickly due to lack of ecological activation, so that the seeds need to be subjected to drop irrigation and maintenance in large quantities to realize effective greening after being sown, and the capability of treating pollutants such as sludge is not adapted.

By searching for the sprayed cement for slope greening, the prior published documents do not consider the adjustment of the biological and biological properties of the sprayed cement, but generally wrap mud masses (including soil, grass seeds, fertilizers and the like) in the sprayed cement for the stone wall greening, and the technology can not be transplanted to the application of disposing pollutants such as sludge because the bacteria and algae system is insufficient and is only suitable for pioneer plant planting.

On the contrary, the formula of the cement and the surface affinity and biological property adjusting technology provided by the invention can replace the green concrete and the sprayed cement and obtain better effects.

Drawings

The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the drawings and the detailed description:

fig. 1 is a schematic view of a schematic structure of a partition wall according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

Further, the raw materials also comprise toughening fibers, and the toughening fibers are added with the aggregate and stirred and mixed after the high-viscosity quick-setting cement is dissolved by adding water; preferably, the toughening fibers are alkali-free glass fibers, asbestos fibers or ceramic fibers.

Furthermore, the aggregate is blast furnace water granulated slag, lightweight concrete fragments or volcanic ash, rock wool, fine coal slag, high-calcium lightweight aggregate such as perlite and volcanic ash. No aggregate particle size grading was performed.

Further, the aggregate is treated by being dipped in a mixture of a soil strain, an algae mixture and an enzyme preparation before being mixed and stirred.

Further, the section of the partition wall is in a trapezoidal structure, and the partition wall comprises a mineral layer, a non-woven fabric layer and a green concrete material layer (as shown in fig. 1) which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside.

Example 1

In the treatment of black and odorous rivers and river silt in villages and villages at a certain school edge in the Quanzhou city, the greening concrete material is used, the whole formula proportion is applied by referring to the parameters, alkali-free short glass fibers are used as fibers, broken lightweight concrete bricks are used as aggregates, besides weak acid fermentation liquor used for pretreatment of alkalinity in a surface treatment formula, starch 1-5 parts, a mixture of soil microorganism compound bacteria and algae 0.05-0.1 part, 100 parts of calcium-magnesium mineral molar ratio 1: 0.5-1: 2, a commercially available enzyme preparation 0.01 part and polyacrylamide 0.2-0.5 part are mixed to prepare slurry for spraying, wherein engineering bacteria are EM bacteria, soil bacteria and algae are stirred and leached by humus soil with more fungi nearby, and then a starch culture medium is added for cultivation.

Culturing mycoderm and planting small amount of pioneer plant such as Bermuda grass and herba Bidentis Bipinnatae after 3 days, and finding out the vegetation concrete with developed mycoderm after 15 days and moss after 30 days.

At this time, the deep black and odorous sewage of the river is subjected to a filtration experiment in advance, and the chroma of the effluent is reduced by 85%, the phosphorus is reduced by about 50%, the ss is reduced (52% (the former detection) and 58% (the latter detection)), and the COD removal rate is higher than 20% (which indicates that the deep black and odorous sewage is not a main COD removal device). The plant growth condition is good and far superior to the effect of the traditional greening concrete, the plant growth condition is proved to have quite ideal purification capacity, and in addition, the water quality can be purified to the 1A standard after the plant growth condition is combined with the internal enclosure of the cinder sand bag for use.

In the embodiment, the concrete is easy to break when being beaten but is not scattered when being connected by short fibers, and the whole concrete cannot be broken when being hammered in an experiment, because the iron wire net, the bamboo branch reinforcing ribs and the toughening fibers in the green concrete play roles after the green concrete is formed in the pouring. After the greening concrete is applied for 1 year, the grass root system is observed, so that the greening concrete is fully filled, and meanwhile, partial soil-like substances exist in gaps, so that the overall strength is obviously increased.

Example 2

Constructing a garbage pile for rural emergency in a spring mountain area, using the greening concrete material as an outer wall body of a 50-centimeter-thick cofferdam, using a mixture of dolomite and coal cinder in a ratio of 1:1 for a cofferdam filtering sand bag, and arranging a layer of geotechnical non-woven fabric in the middle, wherein the sand bag has a particle size similar to that of fine river sand; the overall wall formula is applied by referring to the parameters, the aggregate is crushed light water slag, the first pretreatment is not carried out, 10-20 parts of starch, 0.05-0.1 part of a soil microbial composite bacteria-algae group mixture with much humus, 100 parts of a calcium-magnesium mineral molar ratio of 1: 1-1: 3, 0.001-0.01 part of an enzyme preparation and 0.1-0.2 part of polyacrylamide are prepared into slurry and sprayed, and engineering bacteria are supplemented in the starch and are cultured for 3 days in advance by using commercial EM (effective microorganisms), saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria to form weakly acidic pretreatment mixed bacteria liquid. A10 mg/l aqueous polyacrylamide solution was additionally used to prepare a high viscosity quick setting cement material to reduce dust and prevent rainfall before setting.

The investigation after half a year finds that the vegetation concrete enclosing wall is developed in moss and fungus-algae membranes, the compositae and gramineae plants grow well, ficus microcarpa and mulberry seedlings grow, the garbage can be basically prevented from floating out by wind, the phenomenon of stink generation of garbage heap water after villagers reflect rain is obviously reduced, meanwhile, the chroma and peculiar smell of the percolate water are also obviously reduced, the satisfactory greening and percolation pollution reduction capability is shown, and the normal state of the rural garbage heap pollution is preliminarily solved.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The greening concrete material with the high-efficiency dirt-intercepting and rapid vegetation forming capabilities is characterized in that: the raw materials comprise 100 parts of high-viscosity quick-setting cement, 200-1000 parts of aggregate and 2-10 parts of toughening fiber, wherein the high-viscosity quick-setting cement is dissolved by a solvent, and then is stirred and mixed with the aggregate and the toughening fiber to prepare the greening concrete material;

the high-viscosity quick-setting cement comprises the following raw materials of high-alumina cement, portland cement and polyvinyl alcohol, wherein 100 parts of the high-alumina cement and 0.5-3 parts of the polyvinyl alcohol are mixed to prepare an aqueous solution with a proper concentration, and then 5-50 parts of the portland cement is added as a coagulant to be mixed;

the toughening fiber is alkali-free glass fiber, asbestos fiber or ceramic fiber;

the aggregate is soaked in a mixture of soil strains, an algae mixture and an enzyme preparation for pretreatment before stirring and mixing;

the raw materials are also doped with a rooting agent, and the dosage of the rooting agent is 0.0005 to 0.1 percent of the parts of the high-viscosity quick-setting cement.

2. The greening concrete material with high-efficiency dirt intercepting and rapid vegetation forming capabilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aggregate is blast furnace water granulated slag, light concrete fragments or pumicite.

3. The greening concrete material with high-efficiency dirt intercepting and rapid vegetation forming capabilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: the solvent is water or a polyacrylamide aqueous solution with the concentration of 5-50 mg/L.

4. Use of the greening concrete material with high efficiency soil interception and rapid vegetation formation ability according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the concrete is poured into a separation wall and is used for protecting the surface of a bank, protecting a wetland landscape cofferdam, protecting a garbage stacking and treating pool or protecting a side slope green belt.

5. The application of the greening concrete material with the capacity of efficiently intercepting pollutants and quickly forming vegetation according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the section of the isolation wall is of a trapezoidal structure and comprises a mineral layer, a non-woven fabric layer and a greening concrete material layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside.