CN105481097A - Ecological bank protection matrix material and preparation method and application - Google Patents
Ecological bank protection matrix material and preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN105481097A CN105481097A CN201511027263.2A CN201511027263A CN105481097A CN 105481097 A CN105481097 A CN 105481097A CN 201511027263 A CN201511027263 A CN 201511027263A CN 105481097 A CN105481097 A CN 105481097A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological bank protection matrix material and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the matrix material, mineralized refuse fine stuff, zeolite and gravel are used as raw materials, and the ecological bank protection matrix material which can effectively block and weaken surface source nitrogen and phosphorus nutritive salt pollution is obtained. The preparation method of the matrix material comprises the steps that mineralized refuse dumped for 8 or more years is screened through a screen with the mesh diameter being 1 cm, and the mineralized refuse fine stuff, the zeolite and the gravel are uniformly mixed on the basis that the mass fraction of the mineralized refuse fine stuff is 70-80%, the mass fraction of the zeolite is 5-10% and the mass fraction of the gravel is 15-20% to obtain the ecological bank protection matrix material. The matrix material has the good water permeability, water retention, shearing resistance, pressure resistance, scouring resistance, ecological safety, vegetation compatibility and nitrogen and phosphorus surface source nutritive salt decrease characters and is economic and effective. The matrix material can be used for repairing polluted river-lake ecological bank protection, and can effectively block and weaken surface source nitrogen and phosphorus nutritive salt pollution, meanwhile, the brand new way is provided for resource utilization of mineralized refuse, and the purpose of waste control by waste is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental engineering and technical field, relate to a kind of novel ecological shore protection substrate material and preparation method and application, described material be mainly used in river-Lake Water Body pollution of area source blocking-up, control purification and restoration of the ecosystem.
Background technology
In river-lake governance process, " nitrogen, phosphorus exceed standard " problem is more and more outstanding at present, after point-source pollution is effectively controlled, pollution of area source becomes the main source of river-Lake Water Body nitrogen, phosphorus recycling, it is more concerned problem always, also be the difficult point of administering, cause water quality deterioration and ecological damage.Therefore find cost-effective mode surface source nitrogen, phosphorus recycling pollution becomes the important content administered and repair in river-lake.
Bank slope is the passage of energy in the ecosystem, material, message exchange and structure water landscape, is also the buffer strip between land and river, and it is paid attention to day by day for the function of cutting down source, face nitrogen and phosphorus pollution.The many employings of resist technology of river-lake dyke both at home and abroad grout or the structure formation such as placed rockfill, onsite concrete, precast concrete block traditionally.These structure formations not only can not source, effectively catching face nitrogen, phosphorus recycling, all creates bad impact on the contrary, cause water body and terrestrial environment to worsen and ecological damage on view, environment and ecology.
Ecological revetment engineering be considered to be in river-lake administer with repair process in cut down one of the important measures of source, face nitrogen, phosphorus recycling.The ecological revetment form of usual employing has summed up the 3 class ecological revetment technology such as natural type (plant bank protection, dry laid stone masonry shore protection, log grid shore protection), semi-natural type (gabion shore protection, half dry laid stone masonry, earth working material shore protection) and people's drum (eco-concrete, sash building block shore protection, soil-solidified-agent).The flood control function that ecological revetment has, landscape function, self-purification function, ecological functions can not only meet the requirement as the security of general shore protection, stability, resistance to erosion, corrosion, and can purifying water body.Domestic and international project technician begins one's study ecology typed bank revetment technology already, late 1980s Switzerland, Germany etc. just proposes " natural type shore protection " technology; Early 1990s, Japan proposed " river regulation of many natural types " technology; The U.S. and some countries of Europe propose the Ecotypic bank revetment structure forms such as " Diversified Soil Organism " (soilbioengincering) shore protection technology, also comprise stable banks and provide the xylophyta cultivation technique (woodyplantings) in habitat and herbaceous plant soverlay technique (Herbaceouscover) and utilize the soil reinforcement techniques (Soilreinforcement) etc. of nature or synthetic materials.But these technology lay particular emphasis on the constitutionally stable angle of protection bank slope mostly; do not consider that it is on environment, ecological impact; lack the theories integration of ecological point and the compliance test result in later stage, retaining with conversion effect that source, opposite nitrogen, phosphorus recycling pollute is unsatisfactory.Therefore, find a kind of having concurrently to preserve the ecological environment and the ecology typed bank revetment technology of good purification function becomes the important content controlling river-lake surface source polluted by nitrogen.
Ecological revetment substrate material is the precondition that ecology typed bank revetment technology purification function effectively promotes.The selection of shore protection substrate material, first consideration is selected both in liberal supply, cheap again, and environment merges also relatively easy.Secondly, the selection of material will consider the demand of stability, not only to consider domatic on prevent from washing away, preventing the requirement of surface sliding equistability, and want stable in properties, namely itself can not cause that environment is had a negative impact.Conventional substrate material is as often poor in decontamination effect improvings such as river sand, gravel, cobble, blocks of natural stone, and ecological type material such as porous ecological concrete, cement ecological planting matrix, soil-solidified-agent etc. to exist production process relative complex, drawback that cost is higher while purification function promoting.Therefore, seek cost-effective ecological revetment strengthened denitrification substrate material and seem particularly important.
A kind of stabilization that mineralized waste is a kind of physics through 8 ~ 10a (north 10 ~ 15a), chemistry and biological action and is formed and innoxious rubbish.There is due to mineralized waste itself features such as higher cation exchange capacity, good denitrogenation dephosphorizing usefulness and renewable, be used to the point-source pollutions such as process percolate, sanitary sewage, poultry waste water and used water difficult to degradate.This research and innovation using mineralized waste fines as ecological revetment matrix body material, its stability as ecological revetment material is strengthened by composite zeolite, gravel, abrasion resistance and denitrification effect, study mineralized waste complex material as the ecological security of ecological revetment, vegetation consistency and retain reduction performance to nitrogen and phosphorus pollution thing in pollution of area source, for ecological revetment denitrogenation dephosphorizing functions expanding and solve river-lake " nitrogen, phosphorus an exceed standard " difficult problem and provide brand-new visual angle simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of novel ecological shore protection substrate material and preparation method, described ecological revetment substrate material has low, the easy preparation of cost, efficient, low consumption, good ecological security and the advantage such as vegetation consistency and excellent denitrogenation removal effect, river-lake ecological revetment substrate material can be polluted as reparation, source, face nitrogen and phosphorus pollution can be cut down, simultaneously for the recycling of mineralized waste provides a kind of brand-new approach by effectively catching.
Realizing the concrete technical scheme of the object of the invention is:
The present invention proposes a kind of novel ecological shore protection substrate material, be characterized in mineralized waste fines, zeolite, gravel for raw material, composite rear obtained; Wherein mineralized waste fines: zeolite: the massfraction of gravel is respectively 70% ~ 80%, 5% ~ 10%, 15% ~ 20%.
Wherein, for life landfill yard, through 8 ~ 15 years, (south was 8 ~ 10 years (8 ~ 10a) to described mineralized waste fines, the north 10 ~ 15 years (10 ~ 15a)) physics, chemistry and biological action and a kind of stabilization of being formed and innoxious rubbish, and be the sieved through sieve of 1cm through aperture; The particle diameter of described zeolite is 0.5 ~ 1.5cm; The particle diameter of described gravel is 1 ~ 3cm.
Because mineralized waste is originally as the stability material formed through physics, chemistry and biological action in 8 ~ 15 years, and the present invention has carried out homogenizing process to it in preparation, can ensure the stability of mineralized waste fines; Described homogenizing refers to sieving the mineralized waste fines processed, and after the composite zeolite of corresponding proportion and gravel starting material, adopts the mode stirred to make material evenly composite.
Peat can also be adopted in the present invention to substitute described mineralized waste (or mineralized waste fines), the component of described peat and component stability and described mineralized waste similar.
It is reed, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, iris that described ecological revetment substrate material is suitable for being applied to planted shore protection plant.
Present invention further proposes a kind of ecological shore protection system, described ecological shore protection system comprises ecological revetment substrate material as above and plant, and wherein, described plant comprises reed, the one in iris, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf three kind of plant or its arbitrary combination.
The invention allows for the blocking-up described ecological revetment substrate material being used for river-Lake Water Body pollution of area source, the application controlling purification and restoration of the ecosystem.
The invention allows for a kind of preparation method of described ecological revetment substrate material, the method comprises following concrete steps:
1) raw-material selection and pre-treatment
Mineralized waste fines: a kind of stabilization formed through the physics of 8 ~ 10a (north 10 ~ 15a), chemistry and biological action and innoxious rubbish, and sieve through screen cloth (aperture 1cm); Zeolite: particle diameter 0.5 ~ 1.5cm; Gravel: particle diameter 1 ~ 3cm.
2) starting material are composite
After above-mentioned starting material mineralized waste fines, zeolite and gravel being mixed by certain massfraction, obtain described ecological revetment substrate material; The massfraction of described mineralized waste fines is 70% ~ 80%, and the massfraction of described zeolite is 5% ~ 10%, and the massfraction of described gravel is 15% ~ 20%.
It is 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% that the present invention has carried out mineralized waste fines massfraction respectively, zeolite massfraction is 5% ~ 25%, gravel massfraction is batch experiment (as shown in table 1) of the ecological revetment substrate material of 5% ~ 25%, the performance of the ecological revetment substrate material prepared by final evaluation, obtains when mineralized waste fines: zeolite: the performance of the ecological revetment substrate material when massfraction of gravel is respectively 70% ~ 80%, 5% ~ 10%, 15% ~ 20% is more excellent; Wherein, when the mass ratio of described mineralized waste fines, zeolite, gravel is 32:3:5 (massfraction is respectively 80%, 7.5%, 12.5%), effect is optimum.
The performance evaluation of described ecological revetment substrate material
Hydraulic performance is evaluated
Show the hydraulic properties research of ecological revetment substrate material of the present invention, this substrate material has the water transmittability of similar coarse sand soil, and its porosity is 43.46% ~ 48.24%, a little higher than coarse sand soil, and permeability coefficient is 1.31 ~ 2.55cmmin
-1, close to coarse sand soil on the order of magnitude, possess good hydraulic conductivity and waterpower osmosis performance, can allow by higher hydraulic load; Substrate material specific retention is 5.87% ~ 8.02%, and specific yield is 35.12% ~ 38.43%, is substantially all in coarse sand soil scope, possesses good storage capacity, is conducive to the required moisture of plant absorption growth and nutritive substance.Evaluate based on to the hydraulic performance of substrate material, described ecological revetment substrate material meets the requirement of ecological revetment and retentiveness permeable to substrate material completely.
Shearing resistance, resistance to compression, scour resistance evaluation
Ecological revetment, as one of river course slope protection form, must ensure the stability of bank slope, weather resistance, scour resistance, at utmost prevent erosion, and this just requires that substrate material possesses good shearing resistance, compressive property and antiscour.Show ecological revetment substrate material of the present invention shearing resistance and compressive property research, this substrate material is executed in stressed pressure process and stream change is not occurred under natural moisture content; Under 50kPa after compacting, substrate material slip resistance is greater than 60kPa, and ultimate compression strength is greater than 380kPa.Compared with soil property shore protection matrix, this substrate material has better shearing resistance and crushing resistance, is highly resistant to runoff to the stability of the shear fracture of bank slope, the bank slope that prevents erosion, ensures, weather resistance and scour resistance.Adopt the scour resistance of sample box weighing method to mineralized waste fines and ecological revetment substrate material of the present invention to carry out contrast experiment, result shows the erosion resistibility comparatively mineralized waste fines enhancing 20% ~ 30% of ecological revetment substrate material of the present invention.To plant after vegetation vegetation root system can effectively water conservation simultaneously, conserves water and soil, significantly increase antiscour and hydraulic performance.Therefore, material of the present invention can meet the requirement of ecological revetment to substrate material shearing resistance, resistance to compression and scour resistance.
Ecological security is evaluated
Oxicity analysis is one of important indicator of ecological security evaluation, and the present invention adopts Luminous bacteria to test the toxicity of ecological revetment substrate material.Photogenic bacterium bacterial classification adopts fresh water photogenic bacterium Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp. Q67 bacterial strain (VibrioqinhaiensisQ67), freeze-dried powder preparation.Get 5mL resuscitation fluid to recover to bacterium in bacterial classification lyophilized powder, after fully shaking up, about 15min at being placed on 20 DEG C.Get 50 μ L osmotic pressure regulator solution, 2mL solution to be measured, in flat bottom glass pipe, adds 50 μ L recovery bacterium liquid simultaneously, shakes up rear placement 15min, observe its luminous intensity values, by its luminous intensity of water quality toxicity analysis-e/or determining.Result shows that this invention substrate material does not have toxicity, reaches environmental safety hygienic standard, can not endanger in actual applications to environment.
Vegetation Compatibility Evaluation
Gained substrate material, mineralized waste fines, common green soil are chosen in the present invention's research, and three groups are carried out vegetation compatibility experiments, and plantation reed, iris, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, Wildcelery Herb Four Plants carry out vegetation experiment, and experimental period is 45 days.Result shows reed, iris, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf three kind of plant be the shore protection plant of this substrate material applicable.The vegetation consistency of obtained substrate material is better than mineralized waste fines, compared with common green soil except having different in chlorophyll a, b index, with common green soil there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between plant survival rate, change of height, changes in weight three indexs, vegetation growth is all right.Simultaneously organic in substrate material and humus content is high, nutritive substance can be provided for long-term the growing of plant.
The mineralized waste that the present invention utilizes is based on the technology application under this specific background condition of ecological revetment substrate material, comprises hydraulic performance, shearing resistance compressive property, ecological safety performance, slope-protecting vegetation compatibility performance and source, face nitrogen, phosphorus recycling blocks and cut down the evaluation of performance and optimization; Although mineralized waste is come treating refuse percolate, sanitary sewage and trade effluent etc. by as water treatment medium material at present, but due to the difference of handling object and technical object, there were significant differences for its application mode, approach and performance evaluation, the compatibility performance of such as shearing resistance compressive property, ecological safety performance especially slope-protecting vegetation, be the prerequisite characteristic of ecological revetment substrate material, and complex material of the present invention is also optimized configuration based on meeting above-mentioned ecological revetment substrate material characteristic requirements.Especially the present invention has filtered out the three kinds of vegetation (reed, iris, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf) being applicable to ecological revetment substrate material of the present invention.
The present invention first using mineralized waste as ecological revetment matrix body material, and based on meeting ecological revetment substrate material hydraulic performance, shearing resistance compressive property, ecological safety performance, slope-protecting vegetation compatibility performance and source, face nitrogen, phosphorus recycling blocks and cuts down performance etc. and be optimized configuration, innovatively screening be applicable to the reed of this material, iris, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf 3 kinds of slope-protecting vegetations.To be optimized ecological revetment substrate material conditions of mixture ratios by composite mineralized waste, zeolite, gravel, by the feasibility evaluating hydraulic performance, shearing resistance crushing resistance, ecological security, vegetation consistency, nitrogen phosphorus ligands effect characterize this substrate material.
The present invention by composite gravel, zeolite to strengthen the structural stability of ecological revetment substrate material; In addition, retain reduction performance in order to what strengthen source, ecological revetment substrate material opposite of the present invention nitrogen, introduce zeolite ammonia nitrogen to strong absorption property.In practical application, ecological revetment substrate material need to consider domatic on prevent from washing away, preventing the requirement of surface sliding equistability, the ecological revetment substrate material of the composite rear acquisition of the present invention also has following beneficial effect: (1) cost is low, and power consumption is few.The starting material main body preparing ecological revetment substrate material is the rubbish of life landfill yard after overstabilization, and complex material is zeolite, gravel, cheap and easy to get, and preparation process is simple, and power consumption is few; (2) water-permeable of ecological revetment substrate material and retentiveness good, shearing resistance and crushing resistance strong.Hydraulic performance evaluation shows, described substrate material meets the requirement of ecological revetment and retentiveness permeable to substrate material completely; And there is excellent shearing resistance and crushing resistance, be highly resistant to runoff to the stability of the shear fracture of bank slope, the bank slope that prevents erosion, ensures, weather resistance and scour resistance; (3) ecological security is good.Adopt Luminous bacteria to carry out toxicity inspection to substrate material, show that gained substrate material does not have toxicity; And existing the research of material of main part mineralized waste to be shown, Leaching of Heavy Metals and Pnthogenic test all reach environmental safety hygienic standard, can not cause secondary pollution in actual applications, have good ecological security; (4) vegetation consistency is high.Vegetation planting experiment shows that substrate material of the present invention can meet condition needed for conventional shore protection plant-growth, without the need to adding fertilizer, has good vegetation surviving rate.And the present invention adds innovatively and makes its resistance to erosion characteristic be strengthened as after the gravel of complex material, zeolite, ensure normal growth and the water storage flood discharge effect of shore protection plant; (5) excellent source, face nitrogen, phosphorus nutrition liquid retain reduction effect.Substrate material of the present invention retains reduction rate up to about 95% to ammonia nitrogen, retains reduction rate about 70%, be greater than 90% to the reduction rate that retains of phosphorus to total nitrogen, has excellent results for retaining source, the face nitrogen and phosphorus pollution controlling river-Lake Water Body.Substrate material of the present invention is a kind of ecological revetment substrate material of excellent property, for solution river-Lake Water Body nitrogen, phosphorus recycling are difficult to the visual angle that problem up to standard provides brand-new.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 Fig. 1 (a) is the present invention's zeolite used, and Fig. 1 (b) is the present invention's gravel used, the ecological revetment substrate material of Fig. 1 (c) obtained by the present invention.Fig. 1 (d) washes away spirogram for substrate material and mineralized waste fines.
Fig. 2 is photogenic bacterium toxicity test water quality toxicity analyser.
Fig. 3 is plant compatibility vegetation planting experiment figure.
Fig. 4 is simulation shore protection bed schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 (a) in Fig. 5,5 (b), 5 (c) are respectively ecological revetment substrate material of the present invention and soil-solidified-agent and purify waste water middle ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus design sketch.
Embodiment
In conjunction with following specific embodiments and the drawings, the present invention is described in further detail.Implement process of the present invention, condition, experimental technique etc., except the following content mentioned specially, be universal knowledege and the common practise of this area, the present invention is not particularly limited content.
Embodiment 1 prepares ecological revetment substrate material
1) raw-material selection and pre-treatment
Mineralized waste fines: a kind of stabilization formed through the physics of 8 ~ 10a (north 10 ~ 15a), chemistry and biological action and innoxious rubbish, sieves through screen cloth (aperture 1cm); Zeolite: particle diameter 0.5 ~ 1.5cm; Gravel: particle diameter 1 ~ 3cm.
2) starting material are composite
First be respectively 60% according to mineralized waste fines massfraction, 70%, 80%, 90%, zeolite to be massfraction be 5% ~ 25% and gravel massfraction be that 5% ~ 25% mixed raw material carries out 12 batches of more excellent proportional ranges of preliminary experiments (as table 1) screening complex material, result shows, when mineralized waste fine material content is 70% ~ 80%, to be greater than 80% to the reduction rate that retains of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus; For the experimental group that mineralized waste fines proportioning is 60% and 90%, reduction rate is retained to ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus and is less than 70% and be less than 80% respectively.
When mineralized waste fines, zeolite, gravel mass ratio are 32:3:5 (namely massfraction is respectively 80%, 7.5%, 12.5%), retain cut down effect all higher than 90% to nitrogen phosphorus, is optimum experiment proportioning.
Table 1 different experiments group raw material ratio
Ecological revetment substrate material when following examples 2-6 is 70% ~ 80%, 5% ~ 10%, 15% ~ 20% to mineralized waste fines of the present invention, zeolite, gravel mass ratio carries out performance test.
Embodiment 2 ecological revetment substrate material hydraulic performance is evaluated
First ecological revetment substrate material should meet the essential property as ecological revetment, and the present invention characterizes the feasibility of material of the present invention as ecological revetment substrate material by evaluating porosity, permeability coefficient, specific retention and specific yield.Porosity refers to the percentage ratio shared by unit volume inner pore, and test adopts core cutter method; Permeability coefficient is also known as fluid conductivity, and the present invention adopts constant head test method to test; Specific retention and specific yield adopt chamber method.
Hydraulic properties research (as shown in table 2) of ecological revetment substrate material of the present invention is shown, this substrate material has the water transmittability of similar coarse sand soil, its porosity is 43.46% ~ 48.24% (mineralized waste fines is 42.06%), a little higher than coarse sand soil, and permeability coefficient is 1.31 ~ 2.55cmmin
-1(mineralized waste fines is 1.18cmmin
-1), close to coarse sand soil on the order of magnitude, possess good hydraulic conductivity and waterpower osmosis performance, can allow by higher hydraulic load; Substrate material specific retention is 5.87% ~ 8.02% (mineralized waste fines is 8.24%), specific yield is 35.12% ~ 38.43% (mineralized waste fines is 33.82%), substantially coarse sand soil scope is all in, possess good storage capacity, be conducive to the required moisture of plant absorption growth and nutritive substance.Evaluate based on to the hydraulic performance of substrate material, described ecological revetment substrate material meets the requirement of ecological revetment and retentiveness permeable to substrate material completely.
Table 2 invention substrate material, mineralized waste, coarse sand soil hydraulic properties compare
The shearing resistance of embodiment 3 ecological revetment substrate material, resistance to compression, scour resistance evaluation
Ecological revetment, as one of river course slope protection form, must ensure the stability of bank slope, weather resistance, scour resistance, at utmost prevent erosion, and this just requires that substrate material possesses good shearing resistance and compressive property.The present invention characterizes substrate material shearing resistance of the present invention and compressive property respectively by direct shear test direct shear apparatus and compressive strength instrument test, and research shows, this substrate material is executed in stressed pressure process and stream change is not occurred under natural moisture content; Under 50kPa after compacting, substrate material slip resistance is greater than 60kPa, and ultimate compression strength is greater than 380kPa (being better than the slip resistance of mineralized waste fines 50kPa and the ultimate compression strength of 300kPa).(slip resistance 10 ~ 45kPa compared with soil property shore protection matrix, ultimate compression strength 16 ~ 200kPa), this substrate material has better shearing resistance and crushing resistance, is highly resistant to runoff to the stability of the shear fracture of bank slope, the bank slope that prevents erosion, ensures, weather resistance and scour resistance.
Wash away spirogram to be used to characterize substrate material flushing resistance of the present invention, adopt certain flow velocity to carry out scouring experiment to substrate material within a certain period of time, the amount that the material before and after washing away reduces is erosion quantity, and erosion quantity is less shows that material flushing resistance is better.The present invention adopts the scour resistance of sample box weighing method to mineralized waste fines and substrate material of the present invention to carry out contrast experiment, is placed on by substrate material in sample box, and sample box is placed on the tank interior immersion a few hours that bottom is covered with sponge, makes its state that reaches capacity.Like this, when doing antiscour experiment, only need consider the runoff of rainwater and not needing to consider seepage flow.When making sample and soaking, notice that the water surface must not flood sample top, affect saturated with the air assembled in the non-pore of antifouling.Test with the natural grade of general river bank protection for according to (this experiment chooses 30 degree), the raininess of simulation with year most torrential rain intensity for foundation, be set to 3.5mm/min, flushing time is 0.5h.Adopt weighing method mensuration sample box to wash away the quality of front and back, result (as shown in Figure 1 d) shows the erosion resistibility comparatively mineralized waste fines enhancing 20% ~ 30% of invention substrate material.To plant after vegetation vegetation root system can effectively water conservation simultaneously, conserves water and soil, significantly increase antiscour and hydraulic performance.Therefore, material of this invention can meet the requirement of ecological revetment to substrate material shearing resistance, crushing resistance and scour resistance.
The ecological security evaluation of embodiment 4 ecological revetment substrate material
Oxicity analysis is one of important indicator of ecological security evaluation, and the present invention adopts Luminous bacteria to test the toxicity of ecological revetment substrate material.Photogenic bacterium bacterial classification adopts fresh water photogenic bacterium Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp. Q67 bacterial strain (VibrioqinhaiensisQ67), freeze-dried powder preparation.Get 5mL resuscitation fluid to recover to bacterium in bacterial classification lyophilized powder, after fully shaking up, about 15min at being placed on 20 DEG C.Get 50 μ L osmotic pressure regulator solution, 2mL solution to be measured, in flat bottom glass pipe, adds 50 μ L recovery bacterium liquid simultaneously, shakes up rear placement 15min, observe its luminous intensity values, by its luminous intensity of water quality toxicity analysis-e/or determining.Result shows that average relative luminous intensity is greater than 90%, take zinc chloride as poisonous substance drawing standard curve, obtain this material toxicity lower than detection limit (0.1mg/L), show that this invention substrate material does not have toxicity, reach environmental safety hygienic standard, can not endanger environment in actual applications.
Embodiment 5 ecological revetment substrate material vegetation Compatibility Evaluation
The present invention's research chooses gained substrate material, mineralized waste fines, common green soil, and three groups are carried out vegetation compatibility experiments, and plantation reed, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, iris, Wildcelery Herb Four Plants carry out vegetation experiment, and experimental period is 45 days,
By above-mentioned Four Plants according to 30 strains/m
2density plantation, arrange ecological revetment substrate material of the present invention, mineralized waste fines, common green soil three groups contrast, each experimental group arranges 3 groups of Duplicate Samples, experimental result mean number calculating.Experiment beginning carried out watering maintenance in one week, regularly nursed subsequently, simultaneously test plants surviving rate, change of height, changes in weight, chlorophyll a, b five indexs after experiment terminates.
Result is as shown in table 3 shows reed, iris, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf three kind of plant have good vegetation surviving rate, therefore reed, iris, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf three kind of plant be the shore protection plant of this substrate material applicable.By carrying out adding up add and ask power method to calculate to ecological revetment substrate material of the present invention, mineralized waste fines, common green soil five indexs, result shows, ecological revetment substrate material plant compatibility of the present invention is obviously better than mineralized waste fines, obtained substrate material and common green soil are except having different in chlorophyll a, b index, with common green soil there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between plant survival rate, change of height, changes in weight three indexs, vegetation growth is all right.Simultaneously organic in substrate material and humus content is high, nutritive substance can be provided for long-term the growing of plant.
Table 3 vegetation compatibility experiments data
A group represents substrate material of the present invention, and B group represents mineralized waste fines, and C group represents common green soil
Ecological revetment substrate material prepared by embodiment 6 embodiment 1 is being simulated in shore protection bed water pollutant removal effect
Mechanical means and the mode manually combined is adopted to clear up and flatten degree of compactness domatic (gradient 1:1.5 ~ 1:2.5) up to standard simulating (as shown in Figure 4) in shore protection bed.On-the-spot said ratio material is joined stirrer, after mix, discharging is transported to the interpolation that working face carries out substrate material, and flattened faces carries out domatic compacting and fixes subsequently, and cladding thickness is 20cm.Choose reed, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, iris three kinds this substrate material growing plants applicable, with each 30 strains/m
2even density be planted in domatic on, carry out the morning and evening after plantation and to sprinkle water maintenance, until plant adapts to this growth conditions.
Carry out in simulation shore protection bed subsequently and cut down removal experiment to retaining of area source pollutants, be that sewage is prepared voluntarily in laboratory with water, arranging hydraulic load is 0.2 ~ 2m
3/ (m
2.d).Be illustrated in figure 5 ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus concentration is schemed over time, in front 10h, this substrate material is to ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus has good removal effect, 10h ~ 50h tends towards stability after slowly reducing final 50h subsequently, after 50h, reduction rate is retained up to about 95% to ammonia nitrogen in water, total phosphorus retains reduction rate more than 90%, the reduction rate that retains of total nitrogen also reaches more than 70%, reduction rate is retained compared to the environmental ecological revetment soil-solidified-agent of routine such as 50% ~ 60% ammonia nitrogen of slag class dry powder soil-solidified-agent (as shown in Figure 5) and total phosphorus, good removal effect is had to nitrogen pollutant in water, contrast has higher ammonia nitrogen equally, total phosphorus retains reduction rate about 90%) environmental ecological revetment, as cellular concrete, the ecological revetments such as branch frame grid type of living, although to ammonia nitrogen to retain changing effect better, but production process relative complex, cost are higher, show that substrate material of the present invention has obvious Financial cost advantage by static economic evaluation result.
The ecological revetment substrate material of embodiment 7 using peat as mineralized waste fines equivalent material
Peat and mineralized waste fines have similar character, starting material mineralized waste fines in embodiment 1 is replaced with peat, result show ecological revetment mechanism material that peat obtains as starting material to nitrogen phosphorus have more than 80% retain reduction effect, the satisfied hydraulic performance as ecological revetment, shearing resistance crushing resistance, ecological security and vegetation consistency simultaneously, be suitable as ecological revetment substrate material equally, suitable proportional range is respectively peat 50% ~ 70%; Zeolite 10% ~ 15%; Gravel 15% ~ 40%.
Therefore, ecological revetment substrate material of the present invention, when the massfraction of mineralized waste fines, zeolite, gravel is respectively 70% ~ 80%, 5% ~ 10%, 15% ~ 20%, good hydraulic performance can be reached, shearing resistance, resistance to compression, scour resistance, ecological security, vegetation consistency nitrogen phosphorus cuts down performance etc., wherein, when the mass ratio of mineralized waste fines, zeolite, gravel is 32:3:5 (namely mass percent is respectively 80%, 7.5%, 12.5%), retaining reduction rate to ammonia nitrogen is 98.19%; Retaining reduction rate to total nitrogen is 91.94%; Retaining reduction rate to total phosphorus is 94.59%, cuts down cutoff performance effect optimum to nitrogen phosphorus.
Protection content of the present invention is not limited to above embodiment.Under the spirit and scope not deviating from inventive concept, the change that those skilled in the art can expect and advantage are all included in the present invention, and are protection domain with appending claims.
Claims (7)
1. an ecological revetment substrate material, is characterized in that, it is with mineralized waste fines, zeolite, gravel for raw material is composite and obtain, and the massfraction of described mineralized waste fines, zeolite, gravel is respectively 70% ~ 80%, 5% ~ 10%, 15% ~ 20%.
2. ecological revetment substrate material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described mineralized waste a kind of stabilization that to be life landfill yard formed through physics, chemistry and the biological action of 8 ~ 15 years and innoxious rubbish.
3. ecological revetment substrate material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the sieved through sieve of described mineralized waste fines to be mineralized waste through aperture be 1cm obtains; The particle diameter of described zeolite is 0.5 ~ 1.5cm; The particle diameter of described gravel is 1 ~ 3cm.
4. ecological revetment substrate material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described ecological revetment substrate material is suitable for being applied to the environment that planted shore protection plant is reed, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, iris.
5. a preparation method for ecological revetment substrate material, is characterized in that, described method comprises following concrete steps:
1) raw-material selection and pre-treatment:
Mineralized waste fines: a kind of stabilization formed through the physics of 8 ~ 15 years, chemistry and biological action and innoxious rubbish are the sieved through sieve of 1cm through aperture; The particle diameter of described zeolite is 0.5 ~ 1.5cm; The particle diameter of described gravel is 1 ~ 3cm.2) starting material are composite:
Above-mentioned starting material according to the massfraction of mineralized waste fines, zeolite and gravel be respectively 70% ~ 80%, 5% ~ 10%, 15% ~ 20% mix after, obtain described ecological revetment substrate material.
6. ecological revetment substrate material according to claim 1 is used for the blocking-up of river-Lake Water Body pollution of area source, controls the application of purification and restoration of the ecosystem.
7. an ecological shore protection system, is characterized in that, described ecological shore protection system comprises ecological revetment substrate material as claimed in claim 1 and plant, and wherein, described plant comprises reed, the one in iris, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf three kind of plant or its arbitrary combination.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105900730A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-08-31 | 镇江市给排水管理处 | Bioretention landscape plant growth medium and preparation method and using method thereof |
| CN109626585A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-16 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of technology of lakeside zone intensified denitrification and dephosphorization |
| CN113045119A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-29 | 上海海顾新材料科技有限公司 | Sludge-based ecological bank protection matrix material with biological affinity and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101838053A (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2010-09-22 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for constructing artificial wetland through aged refuse for processing sewage |
| CN103304033A (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-18 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Artificial wetland system taking oyster shell-waste brick-zeolite as composite filler |
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| CN101838053A (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2010-09-22 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for constructing artificial wetland through aged refuse for processing sewage |
| CN103304033A (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-18 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Artificial wetland system taking oyster shell-waste brick-zeolite as composite filler |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105900730A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-08-31 | 镇江市给排水管理处 | Bioretention landscape plant growth medium and preparation method and using method thereof |
| CN105900730B (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2019-04-16 | 镇江市给排水管理处 | Biology is detained landscape plant somatomedin and preparation method thereof and application method |
| CN109626585A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-16 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of technology of lakeside zone intensified denitrification and dephosphorization |
| CN113045119A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-29 | 上海海顾新材料科技有限公司 | Sludge-based ecological bank protection matrix material with biological affinity and preparation method thereof |
| CN113045119B (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2022-11-25 | 上海海顾新材料科技有限公司 | Sludge-based ecological bank protection matrix material with biological affinity and preparation method thereof |
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