CN113243257A - Ecological slag greening method and application - Google Patents
Ecological slag greening method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN113243257A CN113243257A CN202110640470.4A CN202110640470A CN113243257A CN 113243257 A CN113243257 A CN 113243257A CN 202110640470 A CN202110640470 A CN 202110640470A CN 113243257 A CN113243257 A CN 113243257A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/30—Moss
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slag ecological greening method and application, and relates to the technical field of ecological restoration. A method for ecologically regreening slag, which comprises colonizing and regreening slag with moss-like plant material having a form selected from at least one of a branched plant, a broken gametophyte and a dropped shoot apex. The inventor creatively utilizes moss plants to perform colonization and greening on slag, and finds that the adoption of the branch plants, the gametophytes and the branch tips can meet the requirement of slag soil impoverishment environment, the moss plants grow on the slag, the natural ecological greening of the slag is realized on the basis of no soil covering, and the nutritional composition of the slag can be obviously improved. In addition, the ecological greening method can also utilize abundant germplasm resources of moss, and has the advantage of low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a slag ecological greening method and application.
Background
The southwest Sichuan area has abundant mineral resources, and a large amount of residual waste rocks and slag are piled up due to long-term large-scale exploitation. The slag has the characteristics of heavy metal combined pollution, low water content, large porosity and good air and water permeability, and the slag matrix has poor water retention and is easy to harden, so that woody plants and other plants with large water demand are difficult to colonize and grow.
The current common treatment mode of the waste slag heap is mainly to carry out green restoration by clearing and burying, soil dressing, grass seed sowing or shrub planting, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for ecologically regreening slag, aiming at ecologically regreening slag and effectively improving the nutritional composition of the slag.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the method for ecologically recovering the green slag in field in-situ stabilization of the slag.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides a slag ecological greening method, which adopts moss plants to perform colonization and greening on slag, wherein the moss plants have at least one form selected from the group consisting of plant bodies of divided plants, broken gametophytes and fallen shoot tips.
The invention also provides application of the ecological slag greening method in field in-situ slag stabilization.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the inventor creatively utilizes moss plants to perform colonization and greening on slag, and finds that the adoption of the branch plants, the gametophytes and the branch tips can meet the requirement of slag soil impoverishment environment, the moss plants grow on the slag, the natural ecological greening of the slag is realized on the basis of no soil covering, and the nutritional composition of the slag can be obviously improved. In addition, the ecological greening method can also utilize abundant germplasm resources of moss, and has the advantage of low cost.
What needs to be supplemented is: the moss plant propagation system is generally used for rapid propagation by tissue culture, but the infection probability in the tissue culture process is high, and the plants maintained in an indoor control environment are difficult to survive after being transplanted to a complex and variable field environment. The inventor avoids the occurrence of contamination in the propagation process by optimizing the propagation mode of the bryophyte, and can better adapt to the complicated and changeable field environment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a Physcomitrella flavus propagation system;
FIG. 2 is a test result diagram of nutrient content of soil inside and outside a moss clump.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
At present, the ecological restoration of a mine field advocates that the restoration work is completed on the premise of not covering soil, so that the barren slag can complete natural ecological restoration in the field.
The moss is a small green higher plant, which has wide distribution and strong adaptability, and even in a mining area which is just mined, in a stony desert area which is extremely arid and lacks soil matrix, the moss can settle on the surface of the rocky desert area, and a special soil forming mechanism of the moss is utilized to secrete acidic substances to carry out acidolysis on rocks so as to gradually form soil, thereby creating early-stage conditions for the growth of other plants.
In addition, the moss plant needs less amount of base material for growth, and its fine rhizoid can be tightly combined with the base material. The specific value of the moss plant body surface area and the moss plant biomass is higher, and the moss plant has strong capability of adsorbing and retaining heavy metals.
In the prior art, moss plants are mainly subjected to rapid propagation by adopting a tissue culture mode, the probability of contamination is high, and the moss plants maintained in an indoor control environment are difficult to survive after being transplanted to a complicated and variable field environment. In the prior art, the moss propagation is completed through a complicated construction process and complicated equipment, and the method has no universality.
The inventor creatively utilizes a simple propagation expanding mode, adopts the branch plant body, the gametophyte and the branch tip to directly colonize the barren slag for natural ecological re-greening, not only has convenient operation, but also has ideal moss growth state and strong universality, and can realize the ecological restoration work of the mine site on the premise of not covering soil.
The embodiment of the invention provides a slag ecological greening method, please refer to figure 1, wherein moss plants are adopted to perform colonization and greening on slag, and the form of the moss plants is selected from at least one of plant division bodies, gametophytes and shoot tips. The inventor utilizes the plant bodies, the gametophytes and the branch tips of the branch plants to carry out simple propagation, realizes natural ecological re-greening of the slag on the basis of no earthing, can obviously improve the nutritional composition of the slag, and can be applied to field in-situ slag ecological restoration.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment
The plant bodies, the gametophytes and the branch tips of the branch plants are obtained through pretreatment. In some embodiments, the moss is Physcomitrella flavus, which the inventors have found to be more suitable for use in the ecological remediation of pyrite slag, and to significantly improve the nutrient composition of the slag soil. The sphacelotheca flavipes (Hemikania furcifera) grows vigorously and can adapt to the matrix environment of pyrite with weak acidity (average pH is 3.6), and compared with other Hemikania furcifera, the sphacelotheca flavipes (Hemikania furcifera) has a larger spreading area, has a lifting effect on total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content of slag soil, has an improvement effect on the basic physicochemical property of soil, and can be applied to ecological restoration of mining areas.
Preferably, the phyllotreta flava is collected from pyrite and can be moss with better growth vigor so as to obtain the moss which is more suitable for growing on slag and improve the ecological restoration effect.
In some embodiments, the collected Physcomitrella flavus is subjected to environmental domestication, and then a branch plant body, a gametophyte and a branch tip are obtained, so that the Physcomitrella flavus is suitable for the environment of slag. If the slag repair is carried out indoors, the Physcomitrella flavus is cultured indoors for a period of time to adapt to indoor conditions such as temperature, humidity and the like. Specifically, the environmental domestication is to culture by using weak acid soil or a weak acid culture medium so as to enable the Physcomitrella flava to be more suitable for the environment of slag in the later stage.
In some embodiments, the process for preparing the split plant comprises: the Brachymenium longitubum is washed and then soaked in water for division, and the plant body can be easily divided manually after soaking.
In some embodiments, the preparation process of the fragmented gametophyte comprises: cleaning, drying and crushing the Brachystemma longituba; the particle size after the pulverization is controlled to be less than 2mm, and the powder is preferably approximately in a powdery state. The gametophyte can be obtained in a powdery form by sieving after pulverization, and in general, the finer the particle size, the better.
Specifically, the drying can be carried out in a natural air drying mode or in an oven, and the drying temperature is preferably controlled to be 40-60 ℃ so as to prevent the weaving from being damaged due to overhigh temperature.
In some embodiments, the branch tips dropped from the domesticated and cultured Physcomitrella flavus can be collected by forceps and collected in a transparent self-sealing bag for later use.
The inventors used the split plant, the broken gametophyte, and the dropped shoot apex together for slag restoration, and could utilize the sphagnum flavum more fully.
In some embodiments, the split plant, the broken gametophyte and the dropped shoot apex are first sterilized and then colonized for re-greening to avoid the introduction of other infectious microbes.
If colonization and greening are carried out indoors, collected slag can be naturally air-dried indoors for a period of time and then evenly paved in a growth container. The humidity of the slag is reduced through natural air drying, and the moisture is supplemented in time to control the humidity during later propagation.
S2 reproduction of bryophyte
The colonization and re-greening are carried out on the slag by adopting the branch plant body of the Brachymenium chrysosporium, the broken gametophyte and the fallen branch tip. In the actual operation process, the plant division bodies are mixed with moist soil and then are spread on slag, the broken gametophytes are scattered on the slag, and the falling shoot tips are scattered on the slag for moisturizing and maintaining.
It should be noted that the plant body can be better tightly combined with the slag waste rock by using the moist soil, which is beneficial to improving the growth rate of the plant to a certain extent and shortening the repair time.
Specifically, the thickness of the mixture of the plant and soil on the slag is 2-5mm, such as 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, or any value between the above thickness values, and the process requirements can be met by a thin layer of soil.
Further, the humidity is controlled to be 75-85% in the moisture-keeping curing process, and the moisture-keeping curing time is 25-40 days. Through the moisture-keeping maintenance work of about one month, the broken gametophytes can grow protonema and further grow moss plants, and the separated plants and the fallen branch tips can grow vertically.
Specifically, for better humidity control, spray water moisturizing may be performed every 2d or daily moisturizing maintenance may be performed with a spraying device.
The method for ecologically regreening the slag provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages: (1) the plant bodies of the divided plants, the broken gametophytes and the fallen branch tips are selected for colonization, and the colonization is simple, quick and available and has sustainable utilization; (2) the method has the advantages of quick ecological restoration, rainfall erosion and leaching prevention, slag particle invasion prevention by wind blowing, and slag consolidation soil weathering prevention.
The method for ecologically regreening slag provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied to ecological restoration by destroying slag, and has important significance not only for the development and utilization of germplasm resources but also for the restoration of vegetation by destroying ecology.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a slag ecological greening method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of moss
Collecting dominant bryophyte, namely aspergillus flavus, from pyrite for later use.
Plant division: the moss collected from the field and brought back to a laboratory is transplanted in weakly acidic soil for indoor domestication, the pH of the soil is 5.7, and the contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil are 1.67g/kg, 34.8mg/kg and 159mg/kg respectively. After acclimatization and adaptation to the environment, taking part of the phyllotreta flavus sample, washing the sample under running water, and then soaking the sample in distilled water for division.
Fragmented gametophyte: the collected phyllotreta striolata is cleaned and dried in an oven at 45 ℃ to constant weight, and then crushed to 1mm particle size by a crusher to obtain crushed gametophytes.
Falling branch tips: collecting branch tips dropped from the indoor domesticated phyllotreta striolata by using a forceps, and filling the branch tips into a glass culture dish for later use.
The plant body, the broken gametophyte and the dropped branch tip after the division are obtained by the method, and are cleaned and disinfected for later use.
(2) Preparation of growth substrate
The mixture of waste slag and waste stone of pyrite selected from certain pyrite in south of the Sichuan is evenly paved on a white plastic seedling raising box with a transparent cover after being naturally air-dried for 7 days indoors.
(3) Propagation method
Mixing the prepared phyllotreta flavipes branch plants with moist soil, then thinly spreading the mixture on slag (the thickness of the soil is approximately 4mm), directly and uniformly scattering the crushed gametophytes on the slag, and directly and randomly scattering the fallen branch tips on the slag.
Spraying water with a watering can during the culture process, keeping moisture with a cover to control the humidity to be about 80%, maintaining by scattered light, and spraying water every 2 days to keep moisture. The broken gametophyte can grow protonema after one month, and then moss plants can grow, and the separated plants and the fallen branch tips can grow vertically.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a slag ecological greening method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of moss
Collecting dominant bryophyte, namely aspergillus flavus, from pyrite for later use.
Plant division: and (3) flushing moss collected from the field and brought back to the laboratory under running water, and then moving the moss into a liquid culture medium for indoor culture and maintenance. The liquid culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: KNO3 100mg、CaCl2·4H2O 10mg、MgSO410mg、KH2PO4 136mg、FeSO40.4mg was dissolved in 1000mL of distilled water, and the pH was adjusted to 6.5. And (3) taking part of the domesticated phyllotreta flavus sample, washing the sample under running water, and then soaking the sample in distilled water for division.
Fragmented gametophyte: the collected phyllotreta striolata is cleaned and dried in an oven at 50 ℃ to constant weight, and then crushed to 2mm particle size by a crusher to obtain crushed gametophytes.
Falling branch tips: collecting branch tips dropped from the indoor domesticated phyllotreta striolata by using a forceps, and filling the branch tips into a glass culture dish for later use.
The plant body, the broken gametophyte and the dropped branch tip after the division are obtained by the method, and are cleaned and disinfected for later use.
(2) Preparation of growth substrate
The mixture of waste slag and waste stone of pyrite selected from certain pyrite in south of the Sichuan is evenly paved on a white plastic seedling raising box with a transparent cover after being naturally air-dried for 10 days indoors.
(3) Propagation method
Mixing the prepared phyllotreta flavipes branch plants with moist soil, then thinly spreading the mixture on slag (the thickness of the soil is approximately 4mm), directly and uniformly scattering the crushed gametophytes on the slag, and directly and randomly scattering the fallen shoot tips on the slag.
Spraying water with a watering can during the culture process, keeping humidity at about 85%, maintaining with scattered light, and spraying water every 2 days. The broken gametophyte can grow protonema after one month, and then moss plants can grow, and the separated plants and the fallen branch tips can grow vertically.
Test example 1
The repairing effect on slag after the cultivation in example 1 was tested, and the total phosphorus, total potassium and total nitrogen contents in slag were tested and compared with those of the soil slag outside moss clumps, and the results are shown in fig. 2.
The test method comprises the following steps: sampling is carried out at three places, and element content testing is carried out.
As can be seen from figure 2, after the Brachymenium fulvum is repaired, the contents of total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in the slag are obviously improved, the effect of improving the physicochemical property of the soil matrix is obvious, and the Brachymenium fulvum has a good application prospect.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for ecologically regreening slag, characterized in that moss is adopted to perform colonization and regreening on the slag, and the form of moss is selected from at least one of a branch plant, a broken gametophyte and a dropped shoot apex.
2. The method for ecological resurgence of slag according to claim 1, wherein the bryophyte plant body is a sphacelotheca species, preferably a sphagnum flavum;
preferably, the Physcomitrella flava is collected from pyrite.
3. The method for ecological slag greening according to claim 2, wherein, after environmental acclimation of the sphacelotheca alpina, colonization greening is performed on the slag by using a branched plant body, a broken gametophyte and a dropped shoot apex of sphacelotheca flavipes at the same time;
preferably, the environmental acclimation is culture by using weakly acidic soil or a weakly acidic culture medium.
4. The method for ecological slag greening according to claim 3, wherein the branch plants, the broken gametophytes and the dropped shoot tips are sterilized before colonization and greening.
5. The method for slag ecological greening according to claim 3, wherein the process for preparing the plant-divided plants comprises: and washing the Physcomitrella flavus, and soaking in water for division.
6. The method of ecological regreening of slag according to claim 3, wherein the preparation of the fragmented gametophyte comprises: cleaning, drying and crushing the Physcomitrella flavus;
preferably, the particle size after pulverization is controlled to be less than 2 mm.
7. The method for ecological regreening of slag as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the plant-divided plants are mixed with moist soil and then spread on slag, the crushed gametophytes are scattered on the slag, the dropped shoot tips are scattered on the slag, and moisture-retaining maintenance is performed.
8. The method for slag ecological greening according to claim 6, wherein the thickness of the layer laid on the slag after the layered plants are mixed with soil is 2-5 mm.
9. The method for slag ecological greening according to claim 6, wherein the humidity is controlled to be 75-85% during the moisture-keeping maintenance process;
preferably, the moisturizing and curing time is 25-40 days.
10. Use of a process for the ecological greening of slag as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 for field in situ stabilization of slag.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115362778A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-11-22 | 云南大学 | Screening method and biological composition suitable for slope ecological improvement |
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| CN107094468A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-08-29 | 吕梁学院 | The fast breeding method of expressway slope section moss crust layer |
| CN107135792A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-08 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | It is a kind of to be used for the method for restoration of the ecosystem to tooth moss |
| CN109122164A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2019-01-04 | 南京林业大学 | A method of it is covered using moss progress rock green |
| CN109937881A (en) * | 2019-04-21 | 2019-06-28 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | A kind of rapid propagation method of bright leaf moss protonema and gametophyte |
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- 2021-06-09 CN CN202110640470.4A patent/CN113243257A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107094468A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-08-29 | 吕梁学院 | The fast breeding method of expressway slope section moss crust layer |
| CN107135792A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-08 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | It is a kind of to be used for the method for restoration of the ecosystem to tooth moss |
| CN109122164A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2019-01-04 | 南京林业大学 | A method of it is covered using moss progress rock green |
| CN109937881A (en) * | 2019-04-21 | 2019-06-28 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | A kind of rapid propagation method of bright leaf moss protonema and gametophyte |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115362778A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-11-22 | 云南大学 | Screening method and biological composition suitable for slope ecological improvement |
| CN115362778B (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2023-07-14 | 云南大学 | Screening method and biological combination suitable for slope ecological improvement |
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Application publication date: 20210813 |